This document outlines the course for Mechanical Vibrations, covering topics like free and forced vibrations, damping, rotational unbalance, and condition monitoring. It discusses modeling vibrations using methods like the pendulum, mass-spring, and torsional models, and covers numerical problems and examples applying the concepts as well as exercises for students to complete.
This document outlines the course for Mechanical Vibrations, covering topics like free and forced vibrations, damping, rotational unbalance, and condition monitoring. It discusses modeling vibrations using methods like the pendulum, mass-spring, and torsional models, and covers numerical problems and examples applying the concepts as well as exercises for students to complete.
This document outlines the course for Mechanical Vibrations, covering topics like free and forced vibrations, damping, rotational unbalance, and condition monitoring. It discusses modeling vibrations using methods like the pendulum, mass-spring, and torsional models, and covers numerical problems and examples applying the concepts as well as exercises for students to complete.
This document outlines the course for Mechanical Vibrations, covering topics like free and forced vibrations, damping, rotational unbalance, and condition monitoring. It discusses modeling vibrations using methods like the pendulum, mass-spring, and torsional models, and covers numerical problems and examples applying the concepts as well as exercises for students to complete.
MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS ME-307 Instructor: LUQMAN AHMAD NIZAM Assistant Professor, HITEC University Taxila Email: luqman.ahmad@hitecuni.edu.pk 2 COURSE OUTLINE • Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations • Formulation of governing equations • Free vibrations • Damping Ch-1 & 2 W.T Thomson • Forced Vibrations • Rotational Unbalance • Base Excitation (Support Motion) • Normal Mode Analysis (MDOF systems) • Vibration absorbers • Coordinate coupling • Holzer method • Condition Monitoring 3 VIBRATION MODELING VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD
There are three basic vibration models commonly used
to describe many complex vibration systems.
• PENDULUM MODEL
• MASS-SPRING MODEL
• TORSIONAL VIBRATION MODEL
VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD MASS-SPRING MODEL Let us therefore consider the system comprised of a mass m attached to a linear spring of stiffness k on a horizontal surface that is fixed at one end, as shown in Figure.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD
Upon rearranging terms and dividing through by m, we
obtain the governing equation. VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD
Now consider the system comprised of a mass m
attached to a linear spring of stiffness k in the vertical direction fixed at one end, as shown in Figure.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD
We obtain the governing equation of the system by
applying Newton’s second law of motion. VIBRATION MODELING BY FORCE METHOD
The equation of motion is the second order ordinary
differential equation, has the following general solution.
Where A and B are the constants and evaluated from
the initial conditions and . NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXAMPLE 2.2.1: A 1/4-kg mass is suspended by a spring having a stiffness of 0.1533 N/mm. Determine its natural frequency in cycles per second. Determine its statical deflection. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXAMPLE 2.2.3: An automobile wheel and tire are suspended by a steel rod 0.50 cm in diameter and 2 m long. When the wheel is given an angular displacement and released, it makes 10 oscillations in 30.2 s.
Determine the polar moment of
inertia of the wheel and tire. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.2:
A spring-mass system, k, and m, has a natural frequency of f1. If a second spring k2 is added in series with the first spring, the natural frequency is lowered to (1/2)f1. Determine k2 in terms of k1 NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.4:
An unknown mass of m kg attached to the end of an unknown spring k has a natural frequency of 94 cpm. When a 0.453-kg mass is added to m, the natural frequency is lowered to 76.7 cpm. Determine the unknown mass m and the spring constant k N/m. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.5:
A mass m1 hangs from a spring k N/m and is in static equilibrium A second mass m2 drops through a height h and sticks to m1 without rebound, as shown in Fig. P2.5. Determine the subsequent motion. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.7:
A flywheel weighing 70 lb was allowed to swing as a pendulum about a knife-edge at the inner side of the rim, as shown in Fig. P2.7. If the measured period of oscillation was 1.22 s, determine the moment of inertia of the flywheel about its geometric axis. VIBRATION MODELING BY ENERGY METHOD • In a conservative system, the total energy is constant, and the differential equation of motion can also be established by the principle of conservation of energy. • For the free vibration of an undamped system, the energy is partly kinetic and partly potential. • The kinetic energy T is stored in the mass by virtue of its velocity, energy U is stored in the form of strain energy in elastic deformation or by a spring or work done in a force field such as gravity. • The total energy being constant, its rate of change is zero, as illustrated by the following equations. VIBRATION MODELING BY ENERGY METHOD
Exercise Determine the kinetic energy of the system shown in Fig. P2.32 in terms of x. Determine write the expression for the natural frequency. RAYLEIGH METHOD
The systems in which the masses are joint together by
gears, links or levers, the motion of various masses can be expressed in terms of motion of some point. The kinetic energy T of a system is given by the following equation. RAYLEIGH METHOD
EXAMPLE
Determine the effect of the
mass of the spring on the natural frequency of the system. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.23:
Determine the effective mass of the system assuming the deflection to be. NUMERICAL PROBLEM
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2.30:
Determine the effective mass and effective stiffness of the system. Also determine the natural frequency of the following system using energy method. NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
