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LL(1) Parser Examples & Steps

The document discusses three examples of LL(1) parsing. It explains the steps to determine if a grammar is LL(1) which includes calculating the first and follow sets, and constructing the parsing table. The examples show applying these steps to various grammars to analyze if they are LL(1) and build their parsing tables.

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Sayantan Pal
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309 views11 pages

LL(1) Parser Examples & Steps

The document discusses three examples of LL(1) parsing. It explains the steps to determine if a grammar is LL(1) which includes calculating the first and follow sets, and constructing the parsing table. The examples show applying these steps to various grammars to analyze if they are LL(1) and build their parsing tables.

Uploaded by

Sayantan Pal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LL(1) Parsing

Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 1


S  aABb
Ac|€
Bd|€
Step: 1: No left recursion in the grammar, hence no modification
required.
Step 2: Calculation of First Set
First(S) = {a}
First(A) = {c, €}
First(B) = {d, €}
Example of LL(1) Parser
S  aABb
Ac|€
Bd|€
Step 3: Calculation of Follow Set
Follow(S) = {$}
Follow(A) = First(Bb) = First(B) = {d, €)
Since it contains €, continue FIRST rule.
First(Bb) = First(B) - € U First (b) = {d, b}
Follow(A) = {d,b}
Follow(B)= {b}
Example of LL(1) Parser
S  aABb  First(aABb)= a
A  c | €  First(c)=c and First(€) = € (Use follow)
B  d | €  First(d)=d and First(€) = € (Use follow)
Step 4: Parsing Table
Grammar is LL(1)
Example String: acdb$ H/w string: adb$
a b c d $
S SaABb
A A€ Ac A€
B B€ Bd
Example of LL(1) Parser
Example String: acdb$
a b c d $
S SaABb
A A€ Ac A€
B B€ Bd

Stack Input Action


$ acdb$ Push S into Stack
$S acdb$ S
aABb
$bBAa acdb$ Pop a
$bBA cdb$ A
c
$bBc cdb$ Pop c
$bB db$ B
d
$bd db$ Pop d
$b b$ Pop b
$ $ Accept
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 2
S  AaAb | BbBa
A€
B€
Step: 1: No left recursion in the grammar, hence no modification required.
Step 2: Calculation of First Set
First(S) = First(AaAb) U First(BbBa)
First(AaAb) = First(A) = €
Since it contains €, continue FIRST rule
First(AaAb) = First(A) - € U First(aAb) = {a}
Similarly: First(BbBa) = {b}
First(S) = {a,b}
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 2
S  AaAb | BbBa
A€
B€
Step 3: Calculation of Follow Set
Follow(S) = {$}
Follow(A) = First(aAb) = a Follow(A) = First(b) = {b}
Follow(A) = {a,b}
Similarly Follow(B) = {a,b}
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 2
S  AaAb | BbBa
A€
B€
Step 4:Construction of Parsing Table: Grammar is LL(1)
a b $
S SAaAb SBbBa
A A€ A€
B B€ B€
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 3
S  AB |eDa
A  ab |c
B  dC
C  eC | €
D  fD | €

Step: 1: No left recursion in the grammar, hence no modification required.


Step 2: Calculation of First Set
First(S) = {a,c,e}
First(A) = {a,c}
First(B) = {d}
First(C) = {e, €}
First(D) = {f, €}
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 3
S  AB |eDa SeDA
A  ab |c Follow(D) = First(a) = {a}
B  dC BdC
C  eC | € Follow(C) = Follow(B) = {$}
D  fD | € CeC
Follow(C) = Follow(C) = {$}
Step 3: Calculation of Follow Set DfD
Follow(S) = {$} Follow(D) = Follow(D) = {a}
SAB
Follow(A) = First(B) = {d}
Follow(B) = Follow(S) = {$}
Example of LL(1) Parser: Example 3
S  AB |eDa
A  ab |c
B  dC
C  eC | €
D  fD | €
Construction of Parsing Table:
a b c d e f $
S SAB SAB SeDa
A Aab Ac
B BdC
C CeC C€
D D€ DfD

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