Cisco™ CCNA : OSI and TCP/IP
OSI MODEL
Application : Responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of desired
comm partner and verifying sufficient resources exist for comm. Ex: FTP, SMTP
TCP/IP MODEL
Presentation : Responsible for presenting the data in standard formats. Some
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Presentation layer standards are JPEG, MPEG, MIDI, PICT, Quick Time, TIFF.
Application : Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how
host programs interface with transport layer services to use
the network. Ex: FTP, SMTP, Telnet
Session : Responsible for co-ordinating communication between systems/nodes.
Some of the session layer protocols and interfaces: NFS, RPC, SQL, ASP, DNA SCP
Transport : Provides communication session management between
host computers. Ex: TCP, UDP
Transport : Responsible for multiplexing upper-layer applications, session mgmt
tearing down of virtual circuits, flow control and to maintain data integrity.
Internet : Performs routing of IP datagrams.
Network : Responsible for sending packets from the source network to the destination Ex: IP, ARP, ICMP
network using routing methods. Routers work at network layer.
Datalink : Consists of LLC sublayer and MAC sublayer. LLC handles error control, flow Physical : Controls the hardware devices and media that make
flow control, framing etc. MAC handles access to shared media such as ethernet. up the network.
Physical : Responsible for ultimate transmission of data over network communications
media. Some of the standard interfaces at physical layer are EIA/TIA-232, V.24,V.35, HSSI
Port numbers used by TCP/UDP: A port number can range from 0-65535,
but port numbers between 0-1023 are termed as well known ports because most
Some important port numbers
of the popular services are under this range only
FTP : 20 (Data), 21 (Control) Telnet : 23 DHCP : 67 (Server) 68 (Client) POP3 : 110 Above 1023 : Used by upper layer protocols to set up sessions with other hosts and by
TFTP : 69 SMTP : 25 DNS : 53 HTTP : 80 TCP to use as source and destination addresses.
IMAP:143 HTTPS:443 LDAP:: 389 SNMP: 161
SSH: 22 BGP:179 Time:37 Whois:43
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