ROYAL DECREE NO.

(101/96)
Promulgating the Basic Statute of the State

We Qaboos bin Said, the Sultan of Oman

Confirming the principles that guided the policies of the State in various fields during the
past era;

Resolving to continue our efforts for the development of a better future characterised by
further achievements for the benefit of the Country and the Citizens;

Consolidating the international status that Oman enjoys and its role in establishing the
foundations of peace, security, justice and cooperation among various states and people;

And in pursuance of the public interest;

Have decreed as follows:

Article One: The Basic Statute of the State is hereby promulgated as per the
attached text.

Article Two: This Decree shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall
come into force on the date of its issue.

Issued on: 24th Jumada AI Akhira 1417 A.H.

Corresponding to: 6th November 1996 A.D.
Qaboos bin Said
Sultan of Oman
 ROYAL DECREE NO. 99/2011
Amendment to Some Provisions of the Basic Statute of the State

We Qaboos bin Said, the Sultan of Oman

Stemming from our belief in the importance of developing the march of Shura in the
Country to serve the interests of the Country and Citizens and in confirmation of the
importance of the participation of all individuals of Society in the comprehensive
development march in line with the requirements of the desired progress;

And having perused the Basic Statute of the State promulgated by Royal Decree No.
101/96;

And in pursuance of the public interest;

Have decreed as follows:

Article One: The attached amendments shall be made to the Basic Statute of the
State.

Article Two: All that contravenes with this Decree or its attached amendments
or contradicts with their provisions shall be deemed repealed.

Article Three: This Decree shall be published in the Official Gazette, and it shall
come into force from the day following its date of publication.

Issued on: 21st of Thu Al Qi'dah 1432 A.H.

Corresponding to: 19th October 2011 A.D.
Qaboos bin Said
Sultan of Oman
 THE BASIC STATUTE OF THE STATE
CHAPTER ONE
The State and the System of Governance

Article (1)

The Sultanate of Oman is an Arab, Islamic, Independent State with full sovereignty and
Muscat is its Capital.

Article (2)
The religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Sharia is the basis for legislation.

Article (3)
The official language of the State is the Arabic language.

Article (4)
The Law determines the Flag, Emblem, Insignia and National Anthem of the State.

Article (5)
1
The system of governance is Sultani , hereditary in the male descendants of Sayyid Turki
bin Said bin Sultan, provided that whomever is to be chosen from amongst them as
successor shall be a Muslim, mature, rational and the legitimate son of Omani Muslim
parents.

Article (6)
The Royal Family Council shall, within three days of the throne falling vacant, determine
the successor to the throne.

If the Royal Family Council does not agree on a choice of a Sultan for the Country, the
Defence Council together with the Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla2, the Chairman of
Majlis Al Shura3, and the Chairman of the Supreme Court along with two of his most
senior deputies, shall instate the person designated by His Majesty the Sultan in his letter
to the Royal Family Council.

Article (7)
The Sultan, before exercising his powers, shall, in a joint session of Majlis Oman4 and the
Defence Council, take the following oath:

1 Royal
2 State Council
3 Shura Council
4 Oman Council
 "I swear by Allah the Almighty to honour the Basic Statute of the State and the Laws and
to fully safeguard the interests of the Citizens and their freedom and to preserve the
independence of the Country and its territorial integrity".

Article (8)
The Government shall continue to perform its functions as usual until the Sultan is
chosen and exercises his authority.

Article (9)
The Governance in the Sultanate shall be based upon justice, Shura and equality. The
Citizens, pursuant to this Basic Statute and the conditions and provisions prescribed by
the Law, shall have the right to participate in public affairs.

CHAPTER TWO
The Principles Guiding the Policy of the State

Article (10)
The Political Principles:
 Preserving the independence and sovereignty of the State and safeguarding its
entity, security, stability and defending it against all aggression.
 Reinforcing ties of cooperation and reaffirming friendly relations with all states
and nations on the basis of mutual respect, common interest, non-interference in
the internal affairs and adherence to the international and regional charters and
treaties and the generally recognized principles of international law conducive to
the advancement of peace and security among states and nations.
 Laying suitable foundations for consolidating the pillars of genuine Shura
emanating from the heritage of the Nation, its values and Islamic Sharia, taking
pride in its history and adopting the useful contemporary means and instruments.
 Establishing a sound administrative system that guarantees justice, tranquillity
and equality for the Citizens and ensures respect for the public order and the
preservation of the supreme interests of the State.

Article (11)
The Economic Principles
 The national economy is based on justice and the principles of free economy. Its
essence is the constructive and fruitful cooperation between public and private
activity. Its objective is the achievement of economic and social development in
order to increase production and raise the standard of living of the Citizens
according to the general plan of the State and within the limits of the Law.
 Freedom of economic activity is guaranteed within the limits of the Law, the
public interest, and in a manner that ensures the integrity of the national economy.
The State encourages savings and supervises the regulation of credit.
 All natural wealth and resources thereof are the property of the State, which shall
preserve and utilise them in the best manner taking into consideration the
requirements of the security of the State and the interests of the national economy.
No concession or investment of any public resource of the Country shall be
 granted except by virtue of a law, for a limited period of time, and in a manner
that preserves national interests.
 Public property is inviolable, the State shall protect it, and Citizens and residents
shall preserve it.
 Private ownership is safeguarded and no one shall be prevented from disposing of
his property except within the limits of the Law. No property shall be expropriated
except for the public interest in cases stipulated by the Law and in the manner
specified therein, provided that the person dispossessed shall be fairly
compensated. Inheritance is a right governed by Islamic Sharia.
 General confiscation of property is prohibited. The penalty of specific
confiscation shall only be imposed by virtue of a judicial decision and in such
circumstances as prescribed in the Law.
 Taxes and general charges are based on justice and the development of the
national economy.
 Imposition, amendment, and abolition of public taxes, shall only be by virtue of a
law and no one is exempted from paying all taxes or part thereof except in the
circumstances prescribed in the Law. It is not permissible to introduce a new tax,
fee or any right of any type whatsoever with retrospective effect.

Article (12)
The Social Principles
 Justice, equality, and equal opportunities between Omanis are pillars of the
Society guaranteed by the State.
 Collaboration and compassion are intimate bonds amongst the Citizens. The
reinforcement of the national unity is a duty. The State shall prevent anything that
might lead to division, discord or disruption of the national unity.
 The family is the basis of the society and the Law regulates the means for
protecting it, preserving its legitimate entity, strengthening its ties and values,
safeguarding its members and providing suitable conditions to develop their
potential and capabilities.
 The State guarantees aid for the Citizen and his family in cases of emergency,
sickness, disability, and old age according to the social security scheme. The State
shall work for the solidarity of the Society in bearing the burdens resulting from
national disasters and catastrophes.
 The State is responsible for public health and the means of prevention and
treatment of diseases and epidemics. The State endeavours to provide healthcare
for every Citizen and encourages the establishment of private hospitals,
polyclinics and medical institutions to be under its supervision and in accordance
with regulations determined by the Law. The State also works for the conservation
of the environment, its protection, and the prevention of pollution.
 The State enacts laws for the protection of the employee and the employer and
regulates the relationship between them. Every Citizen has the right to engage in
the work of his choice within the limits of the Law. It is not permissible to impose
any compulsory work on anyone except by virtue of a law, for rendering a public
service, and for a fair remuneration.
 Public employment is a national service entrusted to those who carry it out. The
State employees, while carrying out their work, shall pursue the public interest
and service of the Society. Citizens are considered equal in taking up public
employment in accordance with the provisions stipulated by the Law.

Article (13)
The Cultural Principles
 Education is a cornerstone for the progress of the Society which the State fosters
and endeavours to disseminate and make accessible to all.
 Education aims to raise and develop the general cultural standard, promote
scientific thought, kindle the spirit of research, respond to the requirements of
economic and social plans, and build a generation that is physically and morally
strong, which takes pride in its Nation, Country, and heritage and preserves its
achievements.
 The State shall provide public education, work to combat illiteracy, and encourage
the establishment of private schools and institutes under its supervision in
accordance with the provisions of the Law.
 The State shall foster and preserve the national heritage, encourage the sciences,
arts, literature, scientific research and assist in their dissemination.

Article (14)
The Security Principles
 Peace is the objective of the State, and the safety of the Nation is a duty
incumbent on every Citizen. The Defence Council shall undertake the
consideration of the matters related to preserving the safety of the Sultanate and
the defence thereof.
 Only the State establishes the armed forces, public security authorities and any
other forces. All these forces belong to the Nation and their mission is to protect
the State, ensure the safety of its territories, and guarantee the security and
tranquillity of the Citizens. It is not permissible for any authority or group to
establish military or paramilitary formations. The Law shall regulate the military
service, general or partial mobilization, and the rights, duties, and rules of
discipline of the armed forces, public security authorities, and any other forces the
State decides to establish.
 CHAPTER THREE
The Public Rights and Duties

Article (15)
Nationality is regulated by the Law and it is not permissible to denaturalise or revoke it
except within the limits of the Law.

Article (16)
It is not permissible to deport, exile, or prevent Citizens from returning to the Sultanate.

Article (17)
All Citizens are equal before the Law and share the same public rights and duties. There
shall be no discrimination amongst them on the ground of gender, origin, colour,
language, religion, sect, domicile, or social status.

Article (18)
Personal freedom is guaranteed according to the Law, and it is not permissible to arrest a
person, search, detain, imprison, subject to residence detention, or restrict his freedom of
residency or movement except in accordance with the provisions of the Law.

Article (19)
It is not permissible to detain or imprison in places other than those designated for such
purpose under the laws of prisons, where health and social care are provided.

Article (20)
No person shall be subjected to physical or psychological torture, inducement or
demeaning treatment. The Law stipulates punishment of whomever commits such acts.
Any statement or confession proven to have been obtained under torture, inducement,
demeaning treatment, or the threat of any of these acts, shall be deemed void.

Article (21)
There shall be no crime except by virtue of a Law. There shall be no punishment, except
for acts subsequent to the entry into force of the Law wherein such acts are stated.
Punishment shall be personal.

Article (22)
The accused is innocent until proven guilty in a legal trial in which the essential
guarantees to exercise his right of defence in accordance with the Law are guaranteed. It
is not permissible to harm an accused either bodily or mentally.

Article (23)
The accused has the right to appoint a person capable of undertaking his defence during
the trial. The Law shall define the circumstances where the presence of a lawyer on
behalf of the accused is required, and shall ensure, for those who are financially unable,
the means to seek judicial redress and defend their rights.
 Article (24)
Any person who is arrested or detained shall immediately be informed of the reasons for
his arrest or detention. He has the right to contact whomever he wants to inform him of
what has taken place or to get his assistance in the manner regulated by the Law, and he
shall be promptly informed of the charges against him. He or his representative shall have
the right to petition the court against the action restricting his personal freedom. The Law
shall regulate the right of petition in a manner which ensures that the disposal of the
petition will be within a specified period, failing which he must be released.

Article (25)
Litigation is a protected right and it is guaranteed to all people. The Law shall prescribe
the procedures and conditions necessary to exercise this right, and the State shall
guarantee, as far as possible, the approximation of judicial authorities to litigants and the
prompt settlement of cases.

Article (26)
It is not permissible to conduct any medical or scientific experiment on any human being
without his free consent.

Article (27)
Residences are inviolable. It is not permissible to enter them without the permission of
their residents, except in the cases specified by the Law and in the manner stipulated
therein.

Article (28)
The freedom to practice religious rites according to recognised customs is protected,
provided it does not violate the public order or contradict morals.

Article (29)
The freedom of opinion and expression thereof through speech, writing and other means
of expression is guaranteed within the limits of the Law.

Article (30)
The freedom of correspondence by post, telegraph, telephone conversations, and other
means of communication is protected and its confidentiality is guaranteed. It is not
permissible to monitor, search, disclose the confidentiality of, delay, or confiscate the
same, except in cases specified by the Law and in accordance with the procedures stated
therein.

Article (31)
The freedom of the press, printing, and publishing is guaranteed according to the terms
and conditions prescribed by the Law. Anything that leads to discord, affects the security
of State, or prejudices human dignity or rights, is prohibited.
 Article (32)
The Citizens have the right to assemble within the limits of the Law.

Article (33)
The freedom of forming societies on national basis, for legitimate objectives, by peaceful
means, and in a manner that does not conflict with the provisions and objectives of this
Basic Statute, is guaranteed in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed by
the Law. It is prohibited to form societies the activity of which is adverse to the order of
society, secretive, or of a military nature. It is not permissible to force anyone to join any
society.

Article (34)
The Citizens have the right to address public authorities on personal matters or matters in
connection with public affairs, in the manner and conditions specified by the Law.

Article (35)
Every foreigner who is legally present in the Sultanate shall enjoy protection for himself
and his property in accordance with the Law. He shall observe the values of the Society
and respect the traditions and sentiments thereof.

Article (36)
The extradition of political refugees is prohibited. Laws and international treaties shall
determine the rules for the extradition of criminals.

Article (37)
Defending the Nation is a sacred duty, and coming forward to serve the armed forces is
an honour for the Citizens regulated by the Law.

Article (38)
Preserving the national unity and safeguarding the secrets of the State is a duty incumbent
upon every Citizen.

Article (39)
Paying taxes and public dues is a duty according to the Law.

Article (40)
Respecting the Basic Statute of the State, the Laws and orders issued by the public
authorities in their implementation thereof, observing public order, and respecting public
morals is a duty incumbent upon all residents of the Sultanate.
 CHAPTER FOUR
The Head of State

Article (41)
His Majesty the Sultan is the Head of State and the Supreme Commander of the Armed
Forces, his person is inviolable, respect of him is a duty, and his command is obeyed. He
is the symbol of national unity and the guardian of the preservation and the protection
thereof.

Article (42)
His Majesty the Sultan discharges the following functions:

 Preserving the independence of the Country and its territorial integrity, protecting
its internal and external security, safeguarding the rights and freedoms of the
Citizens, ensuring the rule of law, and directing the general policy of the State.
 Taking prompt measures to counter any danger threatening the safety of the
Sultanate, its territorial integrity, or the security and the interests of its people, or
hindering the institutions of the State from performing their functions.
 Representing the State internally and towards other states in all international
relations.
 Presiding over the Council of Ministers or appointing a person to preside.
 Presiding over the Specialized Councils or appointing a person to preside.
 Establishing and regulating the units of the administrative apparatus of the State
and the abolishment thereof.
 Appointing Deputies to the Prime Minister, Ministers, and their equivalents and
relieving them of their office.
 Appointing Undersecretaries of ministries, Secretaries-General, and their
equivalents and relieving them of their office.
 Appointing senior judges and relieving them of their office.
 Declaring state of emergency, general mobilisations, war, and concluding peace.
The Law specifies the rules thereof.
 Promulgating and ratifying Laws.
 Signing international conventions and treaties according to the provisions of the
Law or authorising their signature and promulgating Decrees ratifying the same.
 Appointing political representatives to other states and international organisations
and relieving them of their office according to the limits and conditions prescribed
by the Law, as well as accepting the credentials of representatives of other states
and international organisations.
 Pardoning or commuting any penalty.
 Conferring orders of honour and military ranks.

Article (43)
His Majesty the Sultan shall be assisted in formulating and implementing the general
policy of the State by a council of ministers and specialised councils.
 The Council of Ministers

Article (44)
The Council of Ministers is the authority entrusted with the implementation of the
general policies of the State and in particular undertakes the following:

 Submitting recommendations to His Majesty the Sultan in economic, political,

social, executive, and administrative matters of concern to the Government
including proposing draft laws and decrees.
 Protecting the interests of the Citizens and ensuring the availability of the
necessary services to them, and enhancing their economic, social, health, and
cultural standards.
 Determining the objectives and the general policies for economic, social, and
administrative development and proposing the necessary means and measures for
their implementation which ensure the best utilisation of the financial, economic
and human resources.
 Discussing development plans prepared by competent authorities after presenting
them to Majlis Oman, submitting these plans to His Majesty the Sultan for
approval, and following up their implementation.
 Discussing proposals of ministries relevant to the implementation of their
respective competencies and taking appropriate recommendations and decisions
in this regard.
 Supervising the functioning of the administrative apparatus of the State, following
up the performance of its duties and coordinating among its units.
 Supervising generally the implementation of the Laws, decrees, regulations,
decisions, treaties, agreements and judgements of the courts in a manner that
ensures adherence thereto.
 Discharging any other competence delegated by His Majesty the Sultan or vested
by the provisions of the Law.

Article (45)
The Prime Minister shall preside over the meetings of the Council of Ministers and may
entrust one of his Deputies to conduct the meetings which he does not attend. If the Prime
Minister and his Deputies are absent His Majesty the Sultan shall authorise whom His
Majesty sees appropriate to conduct the meetings.

Article (46)
The meetings of the Council of Ministers shall be made valid by the presence of the
majority of its members. Its deliberations shall be confidential and its decisions shall be
taken by the majority of the members present.
 Article (47)
The Council of Ministers shall set its internal regulations, including the rules for
performing the duties therein, and shall have a Secretariat-General provided with a
sufficient number of staff to assist it in performing its duties.

The Prime Minister, His Deputies, and the Ministers

Article (48)
If His Majesty the Sultan appoints a Prime Minister, his competences and powers shall be
determined in the Decree appointing him.

Article (49)
Any appointed Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, or Minister shall be:

A. Of Omani nationality by origin in accordance with the Law.

B. Aged not less than thirty years of the Gregorian calendar.

Article (50)
Before assuming their powers, the Prime Minister, his Deputies, and the Ministers shall
take the following oath before His Majesty the Sultan:

"I swear by Allah the Almighty to be faithful to my Sultan and my Country, to honour the
Basic Statute of the State and the applicable Laws of the State, to fully protect its entity
and territorial integrity, to fully safeguard its interests and those of its Citizens and to
perform my duties faithfully and honestly".

Article (51)
The Deputies to the Prime Minister and the Ministers shall supervise the affairs of their
units, implement the general policy of the Government therein, draw the guidelines of the
unit and follow up the implementation thereof.

Article (52)
Members of the Council of Ministers are politically collectively responsible before His
Majesty the Sultan for the implementation of the general policy of the State. Each of
them is individually accountable to His Majesty the Sultan for the manner in which he
performs his duties and exercises his authority in his respective Ministry or unit.

Article (53)
Members of the Council of Ministers shall not combine their ministerial office with
chairmanship of or membership to a board of directors of any public joint-stock company.
The Government units which they are in charge of or supervise shall not deal with any
company or establishment in which they have a direct or indirect interest. They shall
always, by their conduct, pursue the interests of the Country and work in furtherance of
the public benefit. They shall not exploit their official positions in any manner
whatsoever whether for their own benefit or for the benefit of those with whom they have
a special relation.
 Article (54)
Emoluments of the Deputies of the Prime Minister and the Ministers during their term of
office and after their retirement shall be determined by the orders of His Majesty the
Sultan.

Article (55)
The provisions of Articles (49), (50), (51), (52), (53), and (54) shall apply to all those of a
rank of Minister.

The Specialised Councils

Article (56)
The Specialised Councils shall be established, their powers specified, and their members
appointed by virtue of Royal Decrees. The said Councils shall be associated with the
Council of Ministers unless their establishing Decrees state otherwise.

The Financial Affairs

Article (57)
The Law shall prescribe the provisions concerning the following matters and the
authorities responsible thereof:
 Collecting taxes, fees, and other public monies and the procedures for their
disbursement.
 Maintaining and managing the property of the State, the conditions for its disposal
and the limits within which part of these properties can be assigned.
 The General Budget of the State and the Final Account.
 The autonomous and supplementary general budgets and their final accounts.
 The financial auditing of the State.
 Loans extended or obtained by the State.
 Currency, banks, standards, measures, and weights.
 Affairs of salaries, pensions, compensation, subsidies, and rewards charged to the
Treasury of the State.
 CHAPTER FIVE
Majlis Oman

Article (58)
Majlis Oman shall consist of:

1. Majlis Al Dawla.
2. Majlis Al Shura

Majlis Al Dawla

Article (58)(bis)
Majlis Al Dawla shall consist of a chairman and members whose number, inclusive of the
Chairman, shall not exceed the total number of members of Majlis Al Shura, and whom
shall be appointed by virtue of a Royal Decree.

Article (58)(bis 1)
Members of Majlis Al Dawla shall be selected from the following categories:

 Former Ministers, Undersecretaries of the ministries, and their equivalents.

 Former ambassadors.
 Former senior judges.
 Retired senior officers.
 Those who are known for their competence and experience in the fields of
science, arts, and culture, and professors of universities, colleges, and higher
institutes.
 Dignitaries and businessmen.
 Persons who had performed great services to the Nation.
 Whomever His Majesty the Sultan chooses and who does not fall under the
previous categories.

Article (58)(bis 2)
Without prejudice to Article 58 (bis1), whomever is chosen as a member of Majlis Al
Dawla shall be:

 An Omani national.
 Aged not less than forty years of the Gregorian calendar on the date of
appointment.
 Never sentenced to a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or trust, even if he
was rehabilitated.
 Not affiliated to a security or military authority.
 Not interdicted by a judicial judgment.
 Not suffering from a mental illness.
 Article (58)(bis 3)
The term of Majlis Al Dawla shall be four years of the Gregorian calendar commencing
from the date of its first meeting, provided that in all cases it shall not be less than the
term of Majlis Al Shura.

Article (58)(bis 4)
Majlis Al Dawla shall, at its first session, elect from amongst its members, and for a
duration identical to its term, two deputies for the Chairman. If the seat of either of them
falls vacant, the Majlis shall elect another member to replace him until the end of its term.
In all cases, the election shall be made by direct secret vote and the absolute majority of
the members of the Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 5)
The membership to Majlis Al Dawla shall expire due to one of the following reasons:

 Expiry of the term of the Majlis.

 Relief from membership.
 Death or total disability.

Article (58)(bis 6)
A member of Majlis Al Dawla may request to be relieved from his membership to the
Majlis through an appeal to the Chairman of the Majlis. The Chairman in turn shall raise
this appeal to His Majesty the Sultan.

In all cases, a member of Majlis Al Dawla shall be relieved if he no longer fulfils any one
of the conditions of membership upon which he was appointed, has lost confidence or
esteem, or has violated the duties of membership.

Article (58)(bis 7)
It is not permissible, except for the two categories stipulated in the fifth and eighth
Clauses of Article (58)(bis 1), to combine both the membership to Majlis Al Dawla and
undertaking an employment in the public sector.

Majlis Al Shura

Article (58)(bis 8)
Majlis Al Shura shall consist of elected members representing all the Wilayat of the
Sultanate.

The number of members of Majlis Al Shura shall be determined so that each Wilayat
shall be represented by one member if that Wilayat has a population not exceeding thirty
thousand on the commencement date of candidature, or two members if the Wilayat
population exceeds that limit on the same date.
 Article (58)(bis 9)
The election of the members of Majlis Al Shura shall be conducted through a direct secret
vote in accordance with the manner specified in the Election Law.

Article (58)(bis 10)

A candidate of Majlis Al Shura shall be:

 An Omani national by origin.

 Aged not less than thirty years of the Gregorian calendar on the commencement
date of candidature.
 With a level of education that is not less than the General Education Diploma.
 Never sentenced to a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or trust, even if he
was rehabilitated.
 Enrolled in the election register.
 Not affiliated to a security or military authority.
 Not interdicted by a judicial judgment.
 Not suffering from a mental illness.

It is permissible for whoever completes his membership term to run again as a candidate
to Majlis Al Shura.

Article (58)(bis 11)

The term of Majlis Al Shura shall be four years of the Gregorian calendar commencing
from the date of its first meeting. The elections for the new Majlis shall take place during
the last ninety days prior to the end of the current term. If the elections are not held at the
end of the term of the Majlis or have been delayed for whatever reason, the Majlis shall
continue until a new Majlis is elected. The term of the Majlis shall not be extended unless
there is a necessity and pursuant to a Royal Decree provided that the extension shall not
exceed the period of one session.

Article (58)(bis 12)

Majlis Al Shura shall convene upon an invitation by His Majesty the Sultan in an
extraordinary meeting, prior to the first session, for the purpose of electing its Chairman
and two Deputies to the Chairman for a duration identical to its term. The member oldest
in age shall chair this meeting. If the seat of any of them falls vacant, the Majlis shall
elect a replacement until the end of its term. In all cases, the election shall be by direct
secret vote and the absolute majority of the members of the Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 13)

If the seat of any member of Majlis Al Shura falls vacant prior to the expiry of its term,
the seat shall be occupied by one of the candidates from the same Wilayat in accordance
with their sequence in the election results for the Majlis for that same term so that the
candidate with the most votes acquired shall be put forward, and that is within a period of
sixty days from the date of informing the Majlis of the vacancy of the seat. The term of
the new member shall be in continuation of the term of his predecessor. This seat shall
not be occupied if it falls vacant within the six months preceding the date of expiry of the
term of the Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 14)

The supervision of the elections of Majlis Al Shura and the disposal of electoral
challenges shall be undertaken by a supreme committee that enjoys independence and
neutrality, and chaired by one of the deputy presidents of the Supreme Court. The Law
shall prescribe the manner of its formation, its competences, and the regulations for its
functions.

Article (58)(bis 15)

The membership to Majlis Al Shura shall expire for any one of the following reasons:

 Expiry of the term of the Majlis.

 Resignation.
 Death or total disability.
 Revocation of membership.
 Dissolution of the Majlis.

Article (58)(bis16)
The resignation from the membership of Majlis Al Shura shall be submitted in writing to
the Chairman to present it to the Majlis to decide its acceptance or rejection. The internal
regulations of the Majlis shall regulate the provisions relating to this matter.

Article (58)(bis17)
The membership of a member to Majlis Al Shura shall not be revoked unless the member
loses one of the conditions on which he had been elected, violates his membership duties,
or loses confidence or esteem. The membership shall be revoked by a resolution from the
Majlis by the majority of two thirds of its members.

Article (58)(bis18)
It shall not be permissible to combine both the membership to the Majlis and employment
in the public sector. In case a public employee is elected to the membership of the Majlis,
his service shall be considered terminated from the date of the announcement of the
results, and in case of a challenge to his membership he shall retain his employment
without remuneration until a final decision is issued on the challenge. If the decision is
made to invalidate his membership and annul the decision of his win, he shall return to
his employment and his remuneration shall be paid to him from the date of his return to
work. If the challenge is rejected, his service shall be terminated from the date of the
announcement of the results, and he shall be granted an extraordinary pension specified
by the Law on the condition that he has accumulated on that date a term of service for
pension that is not less than ten years of the Gregorian calendar.

Article (58)(bis 19)

His Majesty the Sultan, in circumstances His Majesty determines, may dissolve Majlis Al
Shura and call for a new election within four months from the date of dissolution.
 Common Provisions for Both Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura

Article (58)(bis 20)

The members of Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura shall swear in a public meeting,
each before his respective Majlis, and prior to assuming his duties in the Majlis, the
following oath:

“I swear by Allah the Almighty to be faithful to my Sultan and my Country, to honour

the Basic Statute of the State and the applicable Laws, to preserve the safety of the State,
the fundamental constituents of the Omani Society and its inherent values, and to perform
my duties in the Majlis and its Committees faithfully and honestly.”

The Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla shall swear, prior to assuming his duties in the Majlis,
the oath specified in the previous paragraph before His Majesty the Sultan.

Article (58)(bis 21)

The Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla and the Chairman of Majlis Al Shura, their deputies,
and every member of the two Majlis shall pursue in the performance of their duties the
interest of the Nation in accordance with the Laws in force. They shall not exploit their
membership in any manner for their own interest or for the interest of those related to
them or with whom they have a special relationship. The Law shall determine the acts
that they shall not undertake.

Article (58)(bis 22)

A member of Majlis Al Dawla or Majlis Al Shura shall not be liable for opinions or
statements he expresses before the Majlis or its Committees on issues that fall within the
scope of the competences of the Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 23)

Except in the case of flagrante delicto, no punitive action shall be taken against a member
of Majlis Al Dawla or Majlis Al Shura during the annual session except with the prior
permission from the Majlis concerned. The permission shall be issued by the Chairman of
the concerned Majlis when it is not in session.

Article (58)(bis 24)

It is not permissible to combine memberships to both Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al
Shura.

Article (58)(bis 25)

Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura shall each issue its respective internal regulations.
These regulations shall prescribe the procedures for performing the duties of the Majlis
and its Committees, maintenance of order, principles of discussion and voting, the
method of questioning in relation to Majlis Al Shura, and other prerogatives stipulated for
the members and the penalties that may be imposed on a member in violation of the
procedures for performing the duties in the Majlis or failure to attend the meetings of the
Majlis or its Committees without an acceptable excuse.

Terms of Session and Competences of Majlis Oman

Article (58)(bis 26)
Majlis Oman shall have an ordinary session of not less than eight months per year, to be
convened upon a summoning from His Majesty the Sultan during the month of
November every year. It is not permissible for the session to go on recess prior to the
approval of the annual budget of the State.

Article (58)(bis 27)

As an exception to the provisions of Article (58) (bis 26) His Majesty the Sultan shall
summon Majlis Oman for its first meeting following the general elections of Majlis Al
Shura within a month from the date of the declaration of the results of that election.

Article (58)(bis 28)

His Majesty the Sultan may summon Majlis Oman, outside the regular session, to
convene in circumstances which His Majesty determines.

Article (58)(bis 29)

The summoning to Majlis Oman to convene in ordinary or extraordinary sessions and its
adjournment shall be in accordance with an appropriate legal instrument.

Article (58)(bis 30)

Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura shall convene their sessions at their seats in the city
of Muscat and His Majesty the Sultan may summon either to convene at any other
location.

Article (58)(bis 31)

The sessions of Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura shall be public. Closed sessions
may be convened in circumstances that so require by the agreement between the Council
of Ministers and either of the two Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 32)

The validity of a meeting of Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura requires the presence
of the majority of the members, including the Chairman or one of his Deputies. If the
required number is not achieved, the meeting shall be postponed to the next meeting.

Article (58)(bis 33)

The decisions of Majlis Al Dawla and Majlis Al Shura shall be adopted by the absolute
majority of the present members except in circumstances that require a special majority.
In the case of a tie vote, the side that includes the Chairman shall prevail.
 Article (58)(bis 34)
If Majlis Al Shura is dissolved, Majlis Al Dawla sessions shall be suspended.

Article (58)(bis 35)

Draft laws prepared by the Government shall be referred to Majlis Oman for approval or
amendment, and then they shall be directly submitted to His Majesty the Sultan to be
promulgated.

In case of any amendments by Majlis Oman on the draft law, His Majesty the Sultan may
refer it back to the Majlis for reconsideration of the amendments and then resubmission
to His Majesty the Sultan.

Article (58)(bis 36)

Majlis Oman may propose draft laws and refer them to the Government for review, and
then the Government shall return the same to the Majlis. The procedures stipulated in
Article (58)(bis 35) shall be followed in approving, amending or promulgating the said
draft laws.

Article (58)(bis 37)

The draft laws shall be referred by the Council of Ministers to Majlis Al Shura, which
shall decide on the draft by approval or amendment within a maximum period of three
months from the date of referral. The same shall then be referred to Majlis Al Dawla
which shall decide on it by approval or amendment within a maximum period of forty
five days from the date of referral. If the two Majlis disagree upon the draft law, they
shall hold a joint meeting under the chairmanship of the Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla
and by his invitation, to discuss the differences between the two Majlis, and then vote on
the draft law in the same meeting. The decisions shall be adopted by absolute majority of
the members present, and in all cases the Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla shall submit the
draft to His Majesty the Sultan along with the opinion of the two Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 38)

Draft laws of an urgent nature shall be referred by the Council of Ministers to Majlis Al
Shura which shall make a decision for its approval or amendment within a maximum
period of one month from the date of referral and then they shall refer the same to Majlis
Al Dawla which shall make a decision for approval or amendment within a maximum
period of fifteen days from the referral date. The Chairman of Majlis Al Dawla shall
submit the same to His Majesty the Sultan along with the opinion of the two Majlis.

Article (58)(bis 39)

His Majesty the Sultan may promulgate Royal Decrees that have the force of law
between the sessions of Majlis Oman and while Majlis Al Shura is dissolved and the
sessions of Majlis Al Dawla are suspended.

Article (58)(bis 40)

Draft development plans and the Annual Budget of the State shall be referred by the
Council of Ministers to Majlis Al Shura for discussion and to make recommendations
thereon within a maximum period of one month from date of referral and then the same
shall be referred to Majlis Al Dawla for discussion and recommendations within a
maximum period of fifteen days from the date of referral. The Chairman of Majlis Al
Dawla shall return the same along with the recommendations of the two Majlis to the
Council of Ministers. The Council of Ministers shall inform the two Majlis of the
recommendations that were not adopted in this respect along with the reasons therefor.

Article (58)(bis 41)

The draft economic and social agreements that the Government intends to conclude or
accede to shall be referred to Majlis Al Shura for consideration and to present the
findings reached on the same to the Council of Ministers to take what it deems
appropriate.

Article (58)(bis 42)

The State Financial and Administrative Audit Institution shall send a copy of its annual
report to Majlis Al Shura and Majlis Al Dawla.

Article (58)(bis 43)

Upon a request signed by at least fifteen members of Majlis Al Shura, any of the Services
Ministers may be subject to interpellation on matters related to them exceeding their
competences in violation of the Law. The Majlis shall discuss the same and submit its
findings in this regard to His Majesty the Sultan.

Article (58)(bis 44)

The Services Ministers shall provide an annual report to Majlis Al Shura on the
implementation stages of the projects related to their Ministries. The Majlis may invite
any of them to provide a statement on some matters within the competences of his
Ministry, and to discuss the same with him.

CHAPTER SIX
The Judiciary

Article (59)
The rule of Law shall be the basis of governance in the State. The dignity of the judiciary,
and the integrity and impartiality of the judges are a guarantee for the rights and
freedoms.

Article (60)
The judiciary shall be independent, its authority shall be exercised by the courts in their
different types and hierarchies, and their judgements shall be rendered in accordance with
the Law.

Article (61)
There shall be no power over judges in their ruling except for the Law. They shall be
irremovable except in circumstances specified by the Law. It is not permissible for any
party to interfere in lawsuits or affairs of justice, and such interference shall be
considered a crime punishable by Law. The Law shall determine the conditions to be
satisfied by those who exercise judicial functions, the conditions and procedures for
appointing, transferring and promoting judges, the guarantees accorded to them, the
circumstances where they cannot be removed from office and all other provisions
relevant to them.

Article (62)
The Law shall regulate the types and hierarchies of the courts and shall prescribe their
functions and jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the military courts shall be exclusively
confined to military offences committed by members of the armed and security forces.
Their jurisdiction shall not be extended to others except in the case of martial law and
within the limits prescribed by the Law.

Article (63)
The hearings of the courts shall be in public, except when the court decides to hold them
in camera in the interest of the public order or morals. In all circumstances, the
pronouncement of judgement shall be in open hearing.

Article (64)
The Public Prosecution shall conduct criminal proceedings on behalf of Society. It shall
supervise the affairs of criminal investigation and ensure the implementation of criminal
laws, prosecution of offenders, and enforcement of judgements. The Law shall organise
the Public Prosecution, regulate its jurisdiction, and specify the conditions and guarantees
for those who exercise its functions.

Public security authorities may by virtue of a law be exceptionally entrusted with

conducting criminal proceedings in cases of misdemeanours and in accordance with the
conditions prescribed by the Law.

Article (65)
The Law shall regulate the legal profession.

Article (66)
The judiciary shall have a Supreme Council which shall supervise the proper functioning
of the courts and the auxiliary bodies, and the Law shall prescribe its authorities with
regard to the service affairs of judges and Public Prosecution.
 Article (67)
The Law shall regulate the settlement of administrative disputes through a panel or a
special court whose regulation and the manner of exercising its functions shall be
prescribed by the Law.

Article (68)
The Law shall regulate the procedure for the settlement of conflict of jurisdiction
between judicial bodies and cases of conflict of judgements.

Article (69)
The Law shall define the competences of the authority responsible for providing legal
opinion to the Ministries and other Government units, drafting draft laws, regulations,
and decisions, and reviewing the same. The Law shall also prescribe the manner of
representing the State and all public authorities and establishments before the courts.

Article (70)
The Law shall define the judicial body entrusted with the settlement of disputes
pertaining to the extent of conformity of laws and regulations with the Basic Statute of
the State and that the said laws and regulations do not contradict with its provisions. The
Law shall also specify the powers of such judicial body and the procedure which it shall
follow.

Article (71)
Judgements shall be rendered and enforced in the name of His Majesty the Sultan.
Refusal or obstruction of the enforcement of these judgements by concerned public
officials is a crime punishable by Law. The judgement beneficiary has the right in this
case to file a criminal action directly to the competent court.

CHAPTER SEVEN
General Provisions

Article (72)
The application of this Basic Statute shall not prejudice treaties and agreements the
Sultanate has entered into with other countries, international institutions and
organisations.

Article (73)
No provision of this Basic Statute shall be suspended except during periods of martial
law and within the limits prescribed by the Law.

Article (74)
The Laws shall be published in the Official Gazette within two weeks from the day of
their issuance. They shall come into force on the date of their publication, unless another
date is stated therein.
 Article (75)
The provisions of the Laws shall only apply to events occurring from the date of the
Laws coming into force. They shall have no effect on events prior to that date unless,
otherwise stipulated therein. This exception shall not include penal, taxation and financial
dues laws.

Article (76)
Treaties and agreements shall not have the force of Law except after their ratification. In
no case shall treaties and agreements have secret terms contradicting their declared ones.

Article (77)
Whatever is stipulated by applicable laws, regulations, decrees, orders and decisions in
force at the time when this Basic Statute comes into effect, shall remain in force provided
that they are not in conflict with any of its provisions.

Article (78)
The competent authorities shall take steps for issuance of laws necessitated by this Basic
Statute within two years from the date of its coming into force.

Article (79)
Laws and procedures which have the force of law shall conform to the provisions of the
Basic Statute of the State.

Article (80)
No authority in the State shall issue regulations, by-laws, decisions, or directives that
contradict the provisions of the Laws and decrees in force, or international treaties and
agreements which are part of the Law of the Country.

Article (81)
This Statute shall not be amended except in the manner in which it was promulgated.