This document discusses kxk between-groups factorial designs. It explains that larger factorial designs are used for similar reasons as multiple-condition one-factor designs, such as needing more than two conditions to properly test a research hypothesis. It provides examples of 2x2, 2x4, 3x2, and 3x4 designs. It also discusses how to statistically analyze kxk designs, including using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) for means comparisons of cell means and marginal means depending on whether interactions or main effects are significant.
This document discusses kxk between-groups factorial designs. It explains that larger factorial designs are used for similar reasons as multiple-condition one-factor designs, such as needing more than two conditions to properly test a research hypothesis. It provides examples of 2x2, 2x4, 3x2, and 3x4 designs. It also discusses how to statistically analyze kxk designs, including using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) for means comparisons of cell means and marginal means depending on whether interactions or main effects are significant.
This document discusses kxk between-groups factorial designs. It explains that larger factorial designs are used for similar reasons as multiple-condition one-factor designs, such as needing more than two conditions to properly test a research hypothesis. It provides examples of 2x2, 2x4, 3x2, and 3x4 designs. It also discusses how to statistically analyze kxk designs, including using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) for means comparisons of cell means and marginal means depending on whether interactions or main effects are significant.
This document discusses kxk between-groups factorial designs. It explains that larger factorial designs are used for similar reasons as multiple-condition one-factor designs, such as needing more than two conditions to properly test a research hypothesis. It provides examples of 2x2, 2x4, 3x2, and 3x4 designs. It also discusses how to statistically analyze kxk designs, including using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) for means comparisons of cell means and marginal means depending on whether interactions or main effects are significant.
• reasons for larger designs • statistical analysis of kxk BG factorial designs • using LSD for kxk factorial designs
Basic and Expanded Factorial Designs
The simplest factorial design is a 2x2, which can be expanded in two ways: 1) Adding conditions to one, the other, or both IVs
2x2 design 2x4 design
3x2 design 3x4 design
Factorial designs are all labeled as ? x ? Designs
• the first number tells the number of rows in the design • the second number tells the number of columns in the design • What is each of the following 5x3 a. c. 2x3
b.
4x6
1 This time try to “draw the boxes” (be sure to label each IV and specify each or its conditions) based on the description of the design -- whatever IV is described first will define the rows
1. Males and females completed the task, either under
instructions to work quickly, work accurately, to work as quickly as possible without making unnecessary errors or no instructions.
2. Folks completed a depression questionnaire either under
instructions to “respond like someone with acute depression,” “respond like someone with chronic depression” or “respond like someone who is trying to ‘fake’ being depressed”. Participants were either clinical psychologists, clinical Ph.D., or volunteers from a local social club.
#1 was a 2x4 design that looks like this...
Instructions Gender Quick Accurate Both None Male
Female
#2 was a 3 x 3 design that looks like ...
Participant Clinician Clin. Grad. Soc. Club Respond like a .. Acute depressive Chronic depressive “Fake” depressive
kxk BG Factorial Designs
We’ve worked extensively with the 2x2 design -- the basic factorial Larger factorial designs are often used for the same reasons that multiple-condition 1-factor designs are used . . . • You may need more than 2 IV conditions to properly test a RH: • Want multiple “experimental conditions” (qual or quant diffs) • Want multiple “treatment conditions “ (standard vs. none, etc) • Want to “dissect” a multiple element treatment You might want to test the replicability of an IV’s effect across more than two situations/settings • testing the generality of a TX across gender requires just 2 conditions of the 2nd IV • testing generality of that TX across ages would require more
2 Statistical Analysis of kxk Factorial Designs Only a couple of differences from the 2x2 1. Tell IVs and DV 2. Present data in table or figure 3. Determine if the interaction is significant • if it is, describe it in terms of one of the sets of simple effects using LSD mmd to compare the cell means 4. Determine whether or not the first main effect is significant • if so, describe it using LSD mmd compare 3+ marginal means • determine if that main effect is descriptive or misleading 5. Determine whether or not the second main effect is significant • if so, describe it using LSD mmd compare 3+ marginal means • determine if that main effect is descriptive or misleading
The omnibus ANOVA for the kxk is the same as for the 2x2
Things to notice: • There is a single error term that is used for all the Fs • All of the effects are equally “powerful” except for sample size differences (stat power)
The LSD follow-ups are a little different than for the 2x2 • the 2x2 uses the LSD only for comparing cell means • describe the simple effects to explicate the interaction pattern • not needed for MEs , since they involve only 2 conditions • the kxk uses the LSD for comparing cell & marginal means • different LSD mmd values are computed for different effects • if the interaction is significant, then an LSD is computed to compare the cell means -- describe SEs, interaction, etc. • If a ME with 2 conditions is significant - no LSD needed • If a ME with 3 or more conditions is significant, then LSD is computed to compare the marginal means of that ME Be sure to use the proper “n” to compute each LSD • “n” = mean number of data points used to compute the means being compared (more on demo sheet)
3 What statistic is used for which factorial effects???? Gender Male Female Age 30 30 30 5 10 20 30 25
15 25 30 27.5 “Effects” in this sudy
25 30 27.5 1. Main effect of gender
There will be 5 statistics 2. Main effect of age
1. FGender 3. Pairwise age ME effects
2. FAge 4. Interaction of age & gender 3. LSDmmd 5. Pairwise SE of age for males 4. FInt 6. Pairwise SE of age for females 5. LSDmmd 7. SE of gender for 5 yr olds
8. SE of gender for 10 yr olds
Instruction Back to Æ 100 males and 100 females completed the Quick Accurate Both None Gender task, either under instructions to work quickly, work accurately, to work as quickly as possible without Male making unnecessary errors or no instructions. Female
For the interaction p = .03
• will we need and LSDmmd to explore the pattern Yep - k = 8 ! of the interaction? why or why not? 200 / 8 = 25 • what will “n” be? For the main effect of instruction p = .02 Yep – k = 5 ! • will we need and LSDmmd to explore the pattern 200 / 4 = 50 of this main effect ? why or why not? • what will “n” be? For the main effect of gender p = .02 • will we need and LSDmmd to explore the pattern of this main effect ? why or why not? Nope – k = 2 ! • what will “n” be?
