ADDITIONAL SCHOOL CANTEEN: AID TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS

STUDENTS OF HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC.

A Senior High School Research

Presented to the Faculty of Education
HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INCORPORATED

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
ACCOUNTANCY BUSSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

Researchers

Ruadiel, Kristine Anne C.

Trinidad, Sherina Ann N.
Pascua, James Chris M.
Asoque, Abeguel D.

October 2019
 HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC.

Bunawan, Davao City

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Accountancy and

Business Management, this SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH entitled:

ADDITIONAL SCHOOL CANTEEN: AID TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS

STUDENTS OF HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC.

Has been prepared and submitted by RUADIEL, KRISTINE ANNE C.,

TRINIDAD, SHERINA ANN N., PASCUA, JAMES CHRIS M., and ASOQUE,
ABEGUEL D. are recommended for the corresponding FINAL DEFENSE.

MR. ANGELO P. MARQUEZA

Adviser

APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirement

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The process of completing this research study is long and challenging. It is

definitely not done single-handed but to work together, the researchers would like

to thank their parents, friends, students and teachers for putting up efforts in

understanding the process of this study. They’d been infallible supportive and

have given the need of the researchers.

The researchers would truly express their feeling and appreciation to Ms.

Jade Jazel C. Rosales, an understandable teacher, mentor and research adviser,

without her knowledge and ability to advice, expertise, and encouragement to us.

This research would not have happened and we have no knowledge about it and

also to have an experience of research as a senior high.

The researchers’ gratitude is also allotted to the panelists, their advices

were influential and essential throughout the process of the research study.

Also, to God Almighty who gives us strengths to work hard and guiding us

to the right decisions.

Last but not the least, the researchers would like to build up their

appreciation to those people who were not mentioned here but are part of the

success in making this research.

Researchers
 ABSTRACT

Providing the needs of the numerous students is hard especially when the

school only offers one canteen. The majority looks forward for the additional

school canteen so that their needs can be helped thus, the purpose of this

research is to showcase that having additional canteen are more convenient and

helpful in providing the needs of the students as the study conducted is entitled,

Additional School Canteen: Aid to the needs of the numerous students of Holy

Cross of Bunawan, Inc. The qualitative research method is used in conducting

the study in which 10 participants from different Grade levels were interviewed;

relying on what time they are available. Out from the activity, six emergent

themes are bent: Student’s increasing population; Struggles encountered by the

students on buying in the canteen; The inconveniency of having one school

canteen; Two is better than one; Techniques that students’ always doing on

buying in canteen; Techniques that students’ always doing on buying in canteen.

The results of the interview revealed that having one canteen is not enough to

accommodate numerous students of the school.

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Having one canteen may cause inconvenience to the students especially if

the students’ population is highly increasing. This is also the reason why the

canteens’ staffs are having a hard time on serving the students’ needs. This cause

the students on pushing each other that might result to some serious fights. The

Department of Education is strongly committed to support student’s health

and well-being through its curriculum in schools and range initiatives that offer

opportunities for physically fit individuals who love eating healthy food.

The importance of this study is to know and voice out the student’s opinions

about having one canteen and how it affects to them. And also, to avoid

misunderstandings.

The reason why the researchers came up with this idea is because they

want to know the student’s opinions about having one canteen.

Due to the price hikes, the number of students who buy from the school

canteen is dramatically decreasing. This is mainly because students will refuse to

buy expensive foods from the canteen, but would rather bring their own recess and

lunch. As a result of limited students buying from the school canteen, the income

that the canteen workers receive will be reduced, causing financial strains for

canteen workers, as they need the money for living.

 According to Monica Abouharb (2016), “I would like the local community

newspaper to get involved in a petition that would make all schools accountable,

under a governing body, to put a price cap on all things sold in a canteen. This

petition is due to the fact that workers are overseeing the prices of food and drink,

which is happening with the canteen workers in our school canteen, and the prices

increase. In this petition, all schools will be monitored and brought to a level that

is feasible for all parents, primarily run by independent franchisees. Further to this

note, it would be great to see the NSW Government provide students with a school

allowance, which can be used for internal school functions such as excursions,

buying from school canteens etc. Independent schools can also use a school

allowance when receiving food from their school cafeteria, rather than paying daily

or weekly.

It would be great if the NSW government can take a survey and a poll, to

see whether other students around NSW are facing these issues at their own

school. Through this process, the NSW Government can clearly identify those

school canteens who are raising the prices of foods way above what the average

price should be. The Government can, therefore, reduce the prices of the foods

that are sold at school canteens.”

Schools are in a good position to endorse healthy food related behaviors in

students and help ensure appropriate food intake. (O’Toole, Anderson, Miller &

Guthrie, 2007). Food items sold in and around the school during school

hours/recess play a special role in school life because it provides refreshment and
fulfills energy requirements of students. It has an impact on curricular and co-

curricular activities and well-being of students and the school community. Food

can be dangerous if not properly handled, prepared and stored.

It is essential that food is properly handled and prepared to keep it fit for

health. Food should be served in clean dishes. The food required to be kept hot

should be hot, and the food required to be served cool should be kept cool. As

many government schools in Pakistan have no canteen facilities for the students.

Various people (Private Hawkers) sell a variety of food items in and around schools

during school hours and recess. However, there is a need to look into such

practices for its effective and for efficient functioning and services to students and

the school community. Students need to be educated to look into the nutritional

value of such foods and develop healthy choices. Students are investing a part of

their pocket money into buying food items in and around schools. They need to be

taught to see what they are getting in return. There is need for schools to provide

training and guidance to develop proper eating habits in students. Improvement in

the foods sold in and around the schools can contribute to develop healthy food

choices in students. It is also essential for school managers to keep an eye on

what is being sold to students. Strategies can be developed for improving the

quality and service of various types of foods available in and around the schools

during schools hours.

Food insecurity, which refers to uncertain or inadequate access to food due

to financial constraints, is recognized as a serious issue among households in

developed countries (Coleman-Jensen, Rabbitt, Gregory, & Singh, 2015; Tarasuk,

Mitchell, & Dachner, 2012). However, aside from recent research on the clients of

campus food banks (Farahbakhsh et al., 2015; Hanbazaza, Ball, Farmer,

Maximova, & Willows, 2016), there has been relatively little examination of this

issue in the context of Canadian higher education. Financial strain is a common

phenomenon among Canadian students (Burley & Awad, 2015) and can create

vulnerability to income-related shocks that may affect access to food and other

basic needs. Several factors likely underlie precarious finances among students,

including reduced federal transfer payments to provinces for supporting post-

secondary institutions, which has contributed to rising tuition fees over recent years

(Harden, 2017; Statistics Canada, 2011). Indeed, tuition fees at Canadian

universities rose by 40% on average from 2006 to 2016 (Statistics Canada, 2016).

Expenses associated with education are exacerbated in some regions of Canada

by the high costs of rental housing (Burley & Awad, 2015). Cross-sectional

research in Australia and the United States suggests that food insecurity affects

from nearly a fifth to almost two-thirds of students at universities examined

(Chaparro, Zaghloul, Holck, & Dobbs, 2009; Gallegos, Ramsey, & Ong, 2013;

Hughes, Serebryanikova, Donaldson, & Leveritt, 2011; Maroto, Snelling, & Linck,

2014; Miles, McBeath, Brockett, & Sorenson, 2017; Patton-Lopez, Loppez-

Cevallos, Cancel-Tirado, & Vazquez, 2014). Students living in food-insecure

households experience poor academic outcomes, Food Insecurity in Higher

Education / M. Maynard, S. B. Meyer, C. M. Perlman, & S. I. Kirkpatrick including

lower grade point averages and difficulties concentrating at school, in comparison

to food-secure students (Gaines, Robb, Knol, & Sickler, 2014; Gallegos et al.,

2013; Maroto et al., 2014; Munro, Quayle, Simpson, & Barnsley, 2013; Payne-

Sturges, Tjaden, Caldeira, Vincent, & Arria, 2017). Further, though they did not

examine food insecurity in particular, a systematic review by Richardson, Elliott,

and Roberts (2013) demonstrates that higher levels of student debt are associated

with higher levels of stress among students and a higher likelihood of experiencing

poor mental health and depression (Richardson et al., 2013). A recent survey of

five Canadian universities conducted by the non-profit organization Meal

Exchange suggested that almost two in five students experience food insecurity,

with perceived negative impacts on physical and mental health (Silver thorn, 2016).

While in-depth work on student populations is limited, the experience of food

insecurity has been conceptualized in other vulnerable groups. Based on evidence

collected in Canada and the United States with food-insecure low-income families

(Alaimo, 2005; Campbell, 1991; Campbell & Desjardins, 1989; Rose, 1999),

Alaimo (2005) developed a conceptual model identifying four main components

characteristic of food insecurity within North American households: anxiety and

preoccupation with food due to dwindling household food supplies, inadequate

quality of food, insufficient amount or quantity of food available, and an

uncontrollable household food supply, resulting in feelings of alienation and,

possibly, the “socially unacceptable” acquisition of food through food banks or

soup kitchens (Alaimo, 2005). The model identifies financial, socio-environmental,

and demographic risk factors that influence a household’s ability to adjust to short-

term food shortages or adapt to chronic food insecurity over time. It is not known,

however, to what extent this model aligns with the experience of food insecurity

among post-secondary students. Further, research on student food insecurity in

Canada has yet to incorporate students’ lived experiences and perceptions, and

has not focused on barriers specific to higher education nor on implications for

academic achievement (Farahbakhsh et al., 2015; Hanbazaza et al., 2016).

Addressing these gaps is crucial in order to better conceptualize the problem

among this population and to inform policy and program actions. Using Alaimo’s

(2005) conceptual model as a guiding framework, the objective of this mixed-

methods study was to shed light on undergraduate students’ experiences and

perceptions of food insecurity, including the factors that precipitate shortages of

food, strategies for managing shortages, and perspectives regarding the impact of

food security on health and academic achievement.

The idea that healthy food costs more than junk food is something I hear a

lot. Students tell me they’d like to eat better but can’t afford to. There is a strong

belief that cooking from scratch costs a fortune, and with takeaway meals priced

as low as £1, they have little incentive to change their behavior.

The past decade has seen increased media attention on healthy diets, and

stories about the cost of healthy eating are also on the rise, all of which influence

public perception. Some studies comparing the price per calorie of foods suggest
less healthy foods are often cheaper, but they don’t tell the whole story. The

metrics used to measure cost are important.

Consider the example of two pots of chocolate dessert, one regular and one

with less fat. Using the price-per-calorie measure, the lower-fat dessert appears

more expensive than the regular pot, because it contains fewer calories. But

studies comparing the price per unit weight of food from the same food group

suggest healthy options are often cheaper – for example, 200g of chickpeas versus

200g of bacon. The latter is a more meaningful measure because most people

buying food think about the quantity they are buying rather than how many calories

they are getting for their money.

Expanding waistlines is a growing public health concern. Globally, the rate

of obesity has tripled since 1975. According to the World Health Organization,

more than 1.9 billion adults are overweight, of which 650m are obese.

The younger generation is especially affected by high-calorie, low-nutrition

foods. High levels of sugar, fat and salt put children at increased risk of type 2

diabetes and heart disease, not to mention tooth extraction. Perhaps more

worryingly, habits formed in childhood seem to stick for life. This is a tragedy

because these problems are avoidable. It is possible to eat healthily for less –

much less – than the price of a cheeseburger. The crux of the issue is not cost, but

knowledge, skills and time.

 We are increasingly conditioned to think of healthy food as expensive,

because of the price of meat, fish and dairy, the rise of “super foods” and the higher

cost of organic produce. Yet nutritious food needn’t cost the Earth. Chia-seed

smoothies are an expensive luxury; basic nourishment – carrots, lentils, potatoes

– is cheap as chips.

As a given food is increasingly consumed, the hedonic pleasantness of the

food's taste, smell, appearance, and texture declines, and an effect commonly

referred to as sensory-specific satiety. Consequently, increasing the variety of

foods available can increase overall food intake. This effect has been observed

across both genders and across multiple age groups, although there is some

evidence that it may be most pronounced in adolescence and diminished among

older adults. Furthermore, simply making a food assortment appear more

disorganized versus organized can increase intake. It has been suggested that this

variety effect may be evolutionarily adaptive, as complete nutrition cannot be found

in a single food, and increased dietary variety increases the likelihood of meeting

nutritional requirements for various vitamins and minerals. Kahn et al. (2004) The

School canteen or lunch order plays a vital role in providing children with a variety

of healthier food which can be cost effective. In general a menu should offer your

customers several items that remain the same, with variety provided by specials

that are for sale only at certain times or on certain days of the week. It will also

make it easier for your staff to order and buy the food needed. Quigley & Watts

(2005) the results of the study will provide insights and information on the factors

influencing the food preferences of the students of school canteen menu

specifically their eating habits, value for money, type of menu, cooking

preparations and the demographic profile of the students. The objective is to

identify why students‟ choose to buy food at the local hawkers instead of the school

canteen. The result of the study will benefit the students in giving variety of food

choices that is suitable to their preferences. This also aims to help the School

Canteen Operators to enhance the menu that will be patronized by the students.

Research shows that students who are well nourished at school are more likely to

attend school, have better behavior and better long term academic outcomes.

According to Okely et al. (2006), the canteen can model healthier food

choices that are tasty, interesting and affordable. This can influence food choices

at school and in the wider community. Mahreen assessed that students are

investing a part of their pocket money into buying food items in and around schools.

They need to be taught to see what they are getting in return. (2010) the objective

of this study is to understand and take into consideration the other factors

influencing students‟ preferences on school canteen menu apart from healthy

food. This is also for the canteen operators to gather evaluations from students in

order to maintain or improve their menu. There is a need for canteen operators

and teacher to assess students‟ preferences of school canteen meal in terms of

quality, variety and other variables that concerns their satisfactions. The students'

participation in planning school canteen meal will help the canteen operators

improve their menu, taking into considerations their preferences. With this, the

school canteen operators will find it easier to create menu that is cost effective and

adaptable to the students. It is important for the canteen to have standard recipes
with strict quantities of ingredients and standard serving sizes in order to accurately

price recipes, for example a consistent quantity of filling each time for sandwiches.

The canteen should be based on good management practices and be financially

self-sustaining. Experience shows that, with good management and marketing

practices, a canteen can provide healthy foods and also be financially viable. The

school canteen is a small business. Like any business, it requires good

management practices to be efficient and successful in developing a viable

canteen Management Program.

A canteen is a place where food is to be served and eaten, where

different snack and drink products are sold. A school utilizes a canteen to meet

the food and nutritional needs of its students in order for them to have the energy

in to accomplish the task that they would do for the day. The Department of

Education is strongly committed to support student’s health and well-being

through its curriculum in schools and range initiatives that offer opportunities

for physically fit individuals who love eating healthy food. Schools are

encouraged to implement comprehensive health and well-being programs,

including food and nutrition education. The establishment and operation of

school canteen is important in developing love and interest in buying nutritious

and healthy food among students, faculty and the school personnel, making it

possible for them to enjoy nutritious and healthy food at affordable prices

during the school day. The canteen should also provide the students variety of

foods and dishes that enhance their skills and knowledge (DepEd Order No. 8 of

2007). Presently Mintal Comprehensive High School (MCHS) has various

challenges that need to be addressed especially in terms of its canteen

service quality provided to students. For instance, a lot of students complain about

the price of canteen products because it is too pricey, hence, the students

cannot afford because of their insufficient allowances. Besides, teachers and

students also recommend a more spacious venue for canteen because most of

the time it is crowded. There are also various experiences and complaints from

students regarding the kind or variety of foods display in the canteen. Hence, the

researcher is challenged to conduct this study in order to assess the canteen

service quality provided to students at MCHS where the findings would serve as

feedback mechanism of providing good and satisfying canteen services.

Statement of Intent

Having only one canteen with the increasing population of the students in

Holy Cross of Bunawan is quite uncomfortable, thus this study aims to answer the

following questions.

1. What are the insights of the students about the food price of the canteen at

Holy Cross of Bunawan?

2. What are the challenges encountered by the students in choosing what food

would they buy that is affordable to their budget?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the high food expense in

Holy Cross of Bunawan canteen to the students?

Significance of the Study

This study will help to find out the student’s sentiments on having additional

school canteens. Hence, the following are the significance of the study:

To the students. They may be able to express their opinions on having

additional school canteens.

To the Canteen servers. This research is beneficial to the canteen servers

so that they would be able to know the sentiments of the students on having

additional school canteens.

To the teachers. That the findings of this study may offer the useful insights

about the students’ opinions on having additional school canteens. This may also

give them ideas on how the students view the importance of such and that they

can find ways to make it interesting and fulfilled.

To the future researchers, that they may use this research as the

benchmark to better understand the significance of the students opinions on

having additional school canteen in Holy Cross of Bunawan, Inc.

 CHAPTER II

METHOD

This chapter will state the methods applied by the researchers in data

gathering. This also includes the accounts of the research setting, the

participants particularly the high school students, measures, and procedures that

are used.

Design

The design used in this research is a qualitative descriptive design. A

qualitative descriptive approach needs to be the design of choice when a

straightforward description of a phenomenon is desired. It is an approach that is

very useful when researchers want to know, regarding events, who were

involved, what was involved, and where did things take place. (Lambert &

Lambert, 2012)

The goal of the qualitative descriptive study is a comprehensive summary,

in everyday terms of specific events experience by individuals or group of

individuals. Qualitative descriptive research should be seen as a categorical, as

opposed to a non-categorical, alternative for inquiry; is less interpretive than an

“interpretive description” approach. It does not require the researcher to move as

far from or into the data; and, does not require a conceptual or highly abstract

rendering of the data (Sandelowski, 2010).

Method
 The researchers used Qualitative Method in the study through looking

closely at participants’ words, actions, and records. According to (Creswell,

1994), a qualitative is an inquiry process of understanding a social or human

problem, based on a building complex, holistic picture, formed with words,

reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting. In

addition, it is a social science research that collects and works with non-

numerical data and that seeks to interpret meaning from these data that helps to

understand the social life through the study of target populations or place

(Crossman, 2017).

The interviewer does not do the research to test a specific hypothesis

(David, & Sutton, 2004). The researcher has a list of key themes, issues, and

questions to be covered. In this type of interview, the order of the questions can

be changed depending on the direction of the interview. An interview guide is

also used, but additional questions can be asked (Corbetta, 2003).

Setting

The study was conducted inside a private school which is Holy Cross of

Bunawan, Incorporated located beside Saint James Apostle in Barangay

Bunawan, Davao City,Philippines.

Participants

The participants of the study qualified to the given criteria; first, the

respondent must be a high school student; second, the respondent must be

enrolled in Holy Cross of Bunawan, Incorporated; third, the respondent must a

regular customer of the canteen. There are 10 participants who responded in the

in-depth interview using a convenience sampling method. In a qualitative study

10 participants is enough according to Crouch & McKenzie (2006) because it

helps to build and maintain a close relationship and thus improve the open and

frank exchange of information. Convenience sampling (also known as Haphzard

Sampling or Accidental Sampling) is a type of non-probability or nonrandom

sampling where members of the target population that meet certain practical

criteria, such as easy accessibility, geographical proximity, availability at a given

time, or the willingness to participate are included for the purpose of the study

(Etikan, Musa & Alkassim, 2015).

Measures

The researchers conducted the data gathering using the in-depth

interview. In-depth interviewing is a qualitative research technique that involves

conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of respondents to

explore their perspective on a particular idea, program, or situation (Boyce &

Neale, 2006).

The guide-questions was made by the researchers, consisting of three

main questions with three sub-questions each. The questionnaire has gone

through validation by the experts before used and has gained 4.36 score, as the

total summary rating, passing the required score for validation. In-depth

interviews consist of a one-on-one interview with the participants and will be

performed privately from one to two hours.

Procedures

The researchers chooses ten respondents in

Data Analysis

Thematic analysis was used to analyze data, one of the common forms of

analysis in qualitative research. It emphasizes pinpointing, examining, and

recording patterns or themes within the data. The researchers gathered

important similar answers of the participants to come up with clear and concise

themes for the study. There are six steps in doing the thematic analysis

according to Braun and Clarke (2006): first, familiarizing the data given by the

responders; second, generating initial codes; third, searching for themes; fourth,

reviewing themes; fifth, defining and naming themes; then finally, producing the

result.

CHAPTER III

RESULTS

This chapter delivers the substantial testimonials of the participants and

the emerging themes out from the in-depth interview conducted to the

contributors. The records collected raised six themes.

Theme 1: Student’s increasing population

During the in-depth interview with the participants on the subject additional

school canteen: aid to the needs of numerous students of Holy Cross of

Bunawan, Inc., it was affirmed that additional school canteen is a need to help
the school provide the necessities of the numerous students. As the students’

population grows, one school canteen is not enough to accommodate all

students. According to Student 4, “Kuan lisod… kay kung isa lang, dili man gud

lalim pud mag kuan kay pila ra kabuok ang—ang tindera tapos daghan kaayong

estudyante. Mas gwapo man gung duha kay pwede siya mahati-hati… di ang

uban sa pikas, ang uban sa pikas.”. Student 10 said, ”Dili, dili ko fine kay dili man

gud siya na… isa lang jud sya ka-canteen labaw na daghan na kaayo’g…

daghan kaayo’g students diri-a sa Holy Cross.”. Student 9 said, ”Yes I agree kay

kailangan man jud kay siya kay daghan na gud tag population sa estudyante gud

kailangan na jud siya.” In additional, “Ang maingon lang nako kay lisod kay siya

kay daghan gug estudyante dapat naa daghan- naa juy canteen… Duha kabuok

canteen, ana.” And “Kuan difficulties kanang maglisod ug cater ang canteen kay

daghan kaayog estudyante mamalit.”

Theme 2: Struggles encountered by the students on buying in the canteen

Students are facing different struggles and difficulties daily in the canteen

just so they can buy and provide their necessity. Student 7 said, “No, kay nay

time na kanang mag-guot especially lunch? Mag-guot ang mga estudyante.

Magtinukluray.”. Student 2 said,” Ahm, akong maingon lang kay hassle. So

hassle kay taas kaayong linya. Most especially pag kanang naay program unya

tanan…tanan jud students mag kana ganing…magsabay-sabay ug recess, guot

jud kaayo.” Student 10 said, “Mga singit-singit.” Student 3 claimed,” So, mao

to…hahahaha pare-pareho raman ni uy kay… so mao to kanang… mao lagi to

kanang, dili makapalit, kulangan sa time and kuan o, mao to siya.” Student 5
said,” Yes ate kay na- katong naexperience man gud nako kagahapon kay

kanang naghulat mi sa canteen ba tapos hapit- kanang matagaan na gud mi

tapos naa man to`y kanang Senior High nisingit so mao to. Nadugay mig maayo

kay nauna man sila te,naghimo silang ilahang kuan.”

Theme 3: The inconveniency of having one school canteen

Having one canteen may cause inconveniency to the students most

especially that the time for recess is only 15 minutes and the stated time will

already consumed just by falling in line. As what Student 7 claimed, “Ahmm…

Having one school canteen is very inconvenient for us students.” Student 1 said,

“Ano jud, time. Kay ano man gud kay, third floor man gud amoang room. Tapos

kanang five minutes… kay kanang… five minutes diba? Ang first recess five

minutes, mubaba ka… fifteen, mubaba ka, mga three minutes, tas pag-abot nimo

didto daghan pa jud kaayo’g tao, tapos mag-singit-singit pa jud tapos basta

dugay kayo. So, time jud, time.” Student 4 said, “Dili. Kay kuan nakatesting man

gud ko’g kaisa na kanang naglinya mi tapos naabtan nala’g bell… dili na

mahatagan kay kuan naman diba, pag bell na kay pahawaon naman sa guard

so, dili na mi kapalit.” Student 3, “ Akong ma-say…well, kuan siya, for us

students kay naa man tay limited time for recess time or kanang makapalit lang

gud ta. Kanang kuan siya, inconvenience siya kay…of course kanang ang Holy

Cross of Bunawan ng… have kuan kanang daghan siya’g population and then

only one canteen kay kuan siya, makacause siya ug inconvenience sa students,

especially kanang dili man jud maiwasan ang kanang singit-singit nga kuan so

kung naa nalang tay isa ka-canteen, ang time na gihatag sa ato-a sa kanang
makulang gud siya. And then kuan, naay tendency na ang mga students like us

kay kanang dili gyud dili makapalit, dili makakaon, ana gud. So…” Student 10

said, “Ang difficulties nila kay… kana ging makakuan sila ban a dili sila makapalit

na jud on time pabalikon na sila sa room di sila makakaon tas kana ging nay…

naay musingit.”

Theme 4: Two is better than one

Having two or additional canteen is better especially that the students’

population is highly increasing, thus this could cater the students’ population.

According to Student 1, “Ah, dako jud kayo sya’g benefits kay para naa gud kay

choices gud. Or kanang para ma—ano jud ba nga kanang inig pag recess is

ma—ano jud, ma-cater jud tanan.” Student 5 said, “So… Mao to te, mao ra

gihapon. Mas makapalit ang tanan kanang dili na maglisod sa pag… pagsigeg

hulat sa linya ug kanang mahatagan na sila sa ilang mga needs.” Student 4 said,

“Oo. Kay kanang dako man pud ang tabang sa mga estudyante kay kanang mas

dako-dako na nuon silag time na makakaon ug kanang, kuan jud kanang dili na

sila maglisod ug kanang kuan dili na sila gutom. Ang uban kay magrecess kay

gutumon kanang dili na hinuon makapalit.” Student 3 said, “Yes, I would agree

kay based on my experienced last year na naay school canteen. Kay kuan ma—

makapalit mi and then ang inconvenience—dili na… convenient kaayo siya sa

student kay kanang ang time nga gihatag kay kuan gud, magamit gud namo

dayon. Para dili madamay ang ubang kuan ba na subject.” Student 10 said, “Ang

benefits na makuha sa pag mag… mag addition na siya kay dili na siya ma-

trouble di siya ma-trouble baskig kinsa tas pag naay additional canteen dili na
siya maubusa’g time labaw na na gamay ra kaayo’g time mupalit tas pagka-lunch

pud usahay dili napud makapalit maka… mura siya’g ihati nalang ang ano nila ba

mahati sila kung ang Junior diraa tas ang uban pud didtoa pud sa pikas

canteen.”

Theme 5: Techniques that students’ always doing on buying in canteen

The students always find their ways just to buy foods and their other

needs. According to Student 8, “Okay lang, kasi ano, kanya-kanya nalang

strategies para makakain. Kanya-kanya na lang diskarte para makasingit,

ganon.” Student 5 said, “Kanang sa ano, sa sobra kadaghan sa mupalit kay dili

na sila makapalit usahay, ana. Kanang… magpapalit nalang sila sa uban aron

makakaon sila.” Student 3 said, “Well sa akoa kay, kuan naman jud dugay-dugay

naman jud ko diri so murag kanang nakabantay na gyud ko ana. So, kuan nalang

every morning kay dili hahaha… dili nalang jud ko mupalit sa canteen. Magpalit

nalang ko daan sa gawas.” Student 9 said, “Ahh.. pasagdan nalang nako.

Maghulat no kanang dah… kailangan nakog pasensiya.” Student 6 said, “…

Mulinya ug tarong. Kana.”

Theme 6: Intensifying Rules and Regulation of the School Canteen

There are some situation that the students went overboard that sometimes

they go against the rules and regulation of the school canteen. According to

Student 5, “Okay lang man na isa lang ang canteen na at the same time dili pud

kay naay uban na maabtan nalang sa time niya kanang dili makapalit kay kanang

sa sobra gyud kadaghan sa tao na nagapalit sa canteen.” Student 3 said, “No, it

is not okay kay kuan “first come, first serve” gani no then kuntay, first ko niabot,

naay nisingit sa akong atubangan so siyampre ako nga ning first ko ning linya so

kanang murag malain guro ko as a tigpalit kanang ana gud kanang dapat kanang

i—istrict gud na nga policy kay kuan man pud gud kanang tagbaw’g hula tang

kanang estudyante then naa lang dayon musingit, ana-ana gud.” Student 6 said,

“Kanang kuan, gikasuk-an ko nga kuan naningit daw ko. Kay nganong dili ko

mupila.”
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

This chapter provides the discussion and analysis of the data gathered

from the participants of the research.

The information collected during the conveyance of the research displays

 APPENDIX F
VALIDATION TOOL

Direction: This tool will measure the validity of the questionnaire made by the
researchers that will serve as the instrument to collect data needed to answer the
questions related to the study.

You are requested to give your authentic assessment using the criteria listed
below. Please encircle the scale that best fit to your answer. Thank you.

SCORE INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION

5 Excellent The questionnaire is

valid and can provide
unbiased data for the
investigation, allowing
0-5% error.

4 Very Good The questionnaire is

valid and can provide
unbiased data for the
investigation, allowing
6-10% error.
3 Good The questionnaire is
valid and can provide
unbiased data for the
investigation, allowing
11-15% error.

2 Fair The questionnaire is

valid and can provide
unbiased data for the
investigation, allowing
16-20% error.
1 Poor The questionnaire is
valid and can provide
unbiased data for the
investigation, allowing
21-25% error.
ADDITIONAL SCHOOL CANTEEN: AID TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS
STUDENTS IN HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC.
Bunawan, Davao City

INTERVIEW-GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What are the insights of the students of having mono canteen at Holy

Cross of Bunawan?

a) What can you say about having only one school canteen?

b) Are you fine on having only one canteen? Why?

c) Is it okay for you that the canteen doesn’t have “First come, first serve”

policy? Why?

2. What are the challenges encountered by the students of having only one

canteen at Holy Cross of Bunawan?

a) What are those difficulties?

b) What is the most usual difficulty you have encountered?

c) What did you do when you experience that kind of scenario?

3. How can additional canteens help the students’ needs of the growing

population of the students in Holy Cross of Bunawan?

a) What are the benefits you can get in having additional canteens?

b) Would you agree if the school will add more canteens? Why do you

say so?

c) For you, is it more convenient to separate the Junior High’s canteen

from Senior High’s? Why do you say so?

 HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC
Bunawan, Davao City

VALIDATORS’ ASSESSMENT SHEET

Highest Educational Attainment: ____________________________

Position: __________________________

To the Evaluator: This tool asks for you evaluation of the questionnaire to be
used in the data gathering for our study, to establish its validity. You are
requested to give your honest assessment using the criteria stated below; please
check (/) on the appropriate box for your rating.

Point Equivalent:
5 – Excellent 3 – Good 1 – Poor
4 – Very Good 2 – Fair

5 4 3 2 1
Clarity of Language. The vocabulary level,
language structure and conceptual level of the
questions suits the level of respondents. The items
are written in clear and understandable manner.
Presentation/Organization of Topics. The items
presented are organized in a logical manner.
Suitability of Items. The items appropriately
represent the substance of the research. The
questions are designed to determine condition,
knowledge, perception and attitude that are
supposed to be measured.
Adequateness of Purpose. The instrument as a
whole fulfills the objectives for which it was
constructed.
Attainment of Purpose. The instrument as a whole
fulfills the objectives for which it was constructed.
Respondents Friendliness. Does the questionnaire
create a positive impression, one that motivates
respondents to answer it?
Objectivity. No aspect of the questionnaire
suggests bias on the part of the researchers.

Comments/ Suggestions/ Recommendations

 LETTER TO THE VALIDATORS

Republic of the Philippines

HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INCORPORATED
Bunawan, Davao City
Davao City, Philippines 8000

13 September 2019
________________
________________
________________

Ma’am/Sir:

Praised be Jesus, Mary, and Joseph!

We, the researchers of Grade 11 – Our Lady of Lourdes, ABM strand are
currently conducting a research study entitled, ADDITIONAL SCHOOL
CANTEEN: AID TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS STUDENTS IN HOLY
CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC. as part of our curriculum with Ms. Jade Jazel C.
Rosales, our research teacher and Mr. Angelo P. Marqueza, our research
adviser.

Part of our data gathering is to conduct an interview with questions validated by

competent Language teachers. With your expertise, we are humbly asking your
permission to validate our made interview-guide questions for the study using the
attached rating tool.

We are looking forward that our request would merit your positive response.

Very truly yours, Noted by:

RUADIEL, KRISTINE ANNE C. ANGELO P. MARQUEZA

TRINIDAD, SHERINA ANN N. Research Adviser
PASCUA, JAMES CHRIS M.
ASOQUE, ABEGUEL D.
Researchers JADE JAZEL C. ROSALES
Research Teacher
 LETTER TO THE PARTICIPANTS

Republic of the Philippines

HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INCORPORATED
Bunawan, Davao City
Davao City, Philippines 8000

October 1, 2019

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Senior High School Department & Junior High School Department
Holy Cross of Bunawan, Inc.
Bunawan, Davao City

Students:

Praised be Jesus, Mary, and Joseph!

The researchers of Grade 11 – Our Lady of Lourdes, ABM strand eho are
presently proposing the study entitled, “ADDITIONAL SCHOOL CANTEEN: AID
TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS STUDENTS IN HOLY CROSS OF
BUNAWAN, INC.” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical Research
1.

In connection with this, we would like to request your presence to be the

participant for the research. Rest assured that the data gathered will be strictly
covered for research purposes only and will be kept with outmost confidentiality.
Please refer to the enclosed list of attachments for complete details and technical
specification of our proposed operation.

Attachment 1. Informed Consent

Your positive response is a vital help for the success of the study.
Thank you and God bless

Very truly yours, Noted by:

RUADIEL, KRISTINE ANNE C. JADE JAZEL C. ROSALES

TRINIDAD, SHERINA ANN N. Research Adviser
PASCUA, JAMES CHRIS M.
ASOQUE, ABEGUEL D.
Researchers ANGELO P. MARQUEZA
Research Teacher

Republic of the Philippines

HOLY CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INCORPORATED

Bunawan, Davao City
Davao City, Philippines 8000

INFORMED CONSENT FORM FOR PARTICIPANTS

This informed consent form is for the Grade 11 senior high school students,
enrolled in Holy Cross of Bunawan, Incorporated. The said students will be
invited to participate in a research study entitled “Additional School Canteen:
Aid to the needs of numerous students in Holy Cross of Bunawan, Inc.”

This Informed Consent Form has two parts:

1. Information Sheet (to share information about the study with you)
2. Certificate of Consent (for signatures if you choose to participate)

You will be given a copy of the full Informed Consent Form

Part I. Information Sheet

Introduction

A pleasant day! The researchers of Grade 11 – Our Lady of Lourdes, ABM

strand is conducting a research study entitled “ADDITIONAL SCHOOL
CANTEEN: AID TO THE NEEDS OF NUMEROUS STUDENTS OF HOLY
CROSS OF BUNAWAN, INC.” The researchers will going to give you
information and invite you to be part of this research. You do not have to decide
today whether or not you will participate in the said study. You will be given a
choice whether you wish to be part or to disengage.

Before you decide, you may discuss anything in this form with your parents or
friends or you can talk to anyone you feel comfortable with about the research.

This consent from may contain words that you do not understand. Please ask
anyone from the researchers to stop as we go through the information and we
will take time to explain. If you have questions later, you can ask the researchers.

Purpose

Additional school canteen in Holy Cross of Bunawan, Incorporated is very helpful

to aid the needs of numerous students in buying their snacks on the canteen
especially that the population of the students is growing; the purpose of this
research is to be informed about the students’ sentiments in having additional
school canteen.

Participant Selection

The participants of this study has been chosen using the convenience sampling
method and was guided by this criteria; first, the respondent must be a high
school student; second, the respondent must be enrolled in Holy Cross of
Bunawan, Incorporated; third, the respondent must a regular customer of the
canteen.

Voluntary Participation

Your participation in this research is entirely voluntary. It is your choice whether

to participate or not. The choice that you make will have no bearing on your
studies or on any school-related evaluations or reports, nothing will change.
Procedure

Using the Convenience sampling method and guided by the criteria, the 10
respondents are chosen. We are inviting you to participate in this research. If you
agree, you will be asked to answer interview questions.

All who wish to agree will participate in an interview with us for more one to two
hours. During the interview, one of the researchers will assemble with you in a
comfortable place. The interview can take place in your home or a friend’s home.
If you do not wish to answer any of the questions during the interview, you may
say so and the interviewer will move on to the next question. No one else but us
will be present unless you would like someone else to be there.

This information recorded is confidential, and no one else except the researchers
of this study will access to the information documented during your interview. The
entire interview will be tape-recorded, but no-one will be identified by name on
the tape. The researchers will also be taking down notes using pen and paper
during the interview. The tape or the recorded file will be kept in a place where
only the researchers can access, like a coded safe. The tapes will be destroyed
after 5 years.

I understand the procedure.

(Initials)

Benefits

If you participate in this research, you will have the following benefits: As a
student, this research would give you scheme on how helpful and convenient to
have additional canteen in buying your snacks during break time, as a
participant, you can help by suggesting your ideas about having additional school
canteen. There may not be any rigid benefit for you but your participation is likely
to help us find answers to the research questions. There may not be any benefit
to the society at this stage of the research, but future generations are likely to
benefit.

I understand the procedure.

(Initials)

Reimbursement
There will be no reimbursement of costs.

Confidentiality

With this research, something out of the ordinary is being done in your school. It
is possible that if others in the school community are aware that you are
participating, they may ask you questions. We will not be sharing the identity of
those participating in the research.

The information that we collect from this research project will be kept confidential.
Information about you that will be collected during the research will be put away
and no-one but the researchers will be able to see it. Any information about you
will have a codename on it instead of your name. Only the researchers will know
what your codename is and we will lock that information up with a lock and key.

Sharing the Results

Nothing that you tell us today will be shared with anybody outside the research
team, and nothing will be attributed to you by name. However the results will be
published in our manuscript or journals so that other interest people may learn
from the research.

Rights to Refuse or Withdraw

You do not have to take part in this research if you do not wish to do so, and
choosing to participate you will not affect you. You may stop participating u=in
this research without the need to explain your reasons.

Who to Contact

If you have any questions now, you can ask us. If you wish to ask questions later,
you may contact and ask Mr. Angelo P. Marqueza, our research adviser.

Questions and inquiries about any parts of the research study will be entertained
if you wish to do. Do you have questions?

Part II. Certificate of Consent

I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the
opportunity to ask questions about it and any questions I have been asked have
been answered to my satisfaction. I consent voluntarily to be a participant in this
study.

Print Name of Participant ____________________________

Signature of Participant ____________________________

Date (Day/month/year) ____________________________