Feeder and Storage Silos

FEEDER AND STORAGE SILOS
Industrial Processes
Procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of
an item or items usually carried out on a very large scale. Industrial processes are the key components
of heavy industry.
Methods involved in Industrial Process

a. General Processes
 Liquefaction of Gases - is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state
(condensation).
 Supercritical - is a process to remove liquid in a precise and controlled way.
 Freeze Drying - works by freezing the material and then reducing the
surrounding pressure to allow the frozen water in the material to sublime directly from
the solid phase to the gas phase.
 Scrubbing - It is used to treat exhaust gases from industrial plants or from exhaled air
in life support systems such as re-breathers or in spacecraft, submersible craft or airtight
chambers.
b. Chemical Processes
 Haber process - also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen
fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia
today.
 Smelting - its main use is to produce a base metal from its ore. This includes production
of silver, iron, copper and other base metals from their ores.
 Pyroprocessing - is a process in which materials are subjected to high temperatures in
order to bring about a chemical or physical change.
 Disinfectants - are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living
objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.
Feeders
 Machineries used in assembly and manufacturing applications to move or “transport” materials
or products to a designated storage or to other processing equipment.
 Feeders are often used in conjunction with other types of material handling equipment,
like conveyors, crushers, dryer, grinders, blenders, and mixers.
APRON FEEDER BELT FEEDER CHAIN FEEDER

ROTARY-VANE FEEDER SCREW FEEDER VIBRATORY FEEDERS
Types of Feeders
a. Apron Feeder - The “apron” is a conveyor made up of a series of steel pans fit snugly together.
The apron is propelled by steel chains rotating around metal sprockets.
b. Belt Feeder - is simply a conveyor with a short belt. Typically belt feeders are less expensive
than apron feeders, and operate at higher speeds. However, they not suited for heavy-duty
applications.
c. Chain Feeder - Chain feeders are used to control the release of a bulky material within a bin.
Their design consists of several heavy chains, which drape over top of the bulky material on an
incline.
d. Rotary-vane Feeders - are used for low density powdered material. These units feature a
rotating vane (a rotating cross with four separate quadrants).
e. Screw Feeders - are used to transport fluids and fine granular materials. A rotating auger within
a cylindrical encasing propels material. The rate of discharge is controlled by the speed of
rotation.
f. Vibratory Feeders - used for a wide variety of materials, including aggregate, coal, and
chemicals. Essentially, a vibrating feeder is a ramp which vibrates to agitate material into falling
down an incline.
Storage Silos
 A silo (from the Greek σιρός – siros, "pit for holding grain") is a structure for storing bulk
materials.
• Silos are used in agriculture to store grain or fermented feed known as silage.
• Silos are more commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips,
food products and sawdust.
STATIC UPRIGHT CEMENT SILO LOW-LEVEL SILO CONCRETE STAVE SILO

LOW-OXYGEN TOWER SILO BUNKER SILO BAG SILO
BINS SAND AND SALT SILOS FABRIC SILOS
Types of Silos
a. Cement Storage Silos - There are different types of cement silos such as the low-level mobile
silo and the static upright cement silo, which are used to hold and discharge cement and other
powder materials such as PFA (Pulverized Fuel Ash). The low-level silos are fully mobile with
capacities from 100 to 750 tons. They are simple to transport and are easy to set up on site.
These mobile silos generally come equipped with an electronic weighing system with digital
display and printer. The static upright silos have capacities from 200 to 800 tons. These are
considered a low-maintenance option for the storage of cement or other powders.
b. Tower Silos - Tower silos containing silage are usually unloaded from the top of the pile,
originally by hand using a silage fork, which has many more tines than the common pitchfork, 12
vs 4, in modern times using mechanical unloaders.
c. Concrete Stave Silos - are constructed from small precast concrete blocks with ridged grooves
along each edge that lock them together into a high strength shell.
d. Low-oxygen Tower Silos - are designed to keep the contents in a low-oxygen atmosphere at
all times, to keep the fermented contents in a high quality state, and to prevent mold and decay,
as may occur in the top layers of a stave silo or bunker.
e. Bunker Silos - are trenches, usually with concrete walls, that are filled and packed with tractors
and loaders. These silos are usually unloaded with a tractor and loader. They are inexpensive
and especially well suited to very large operations.
f. Bag Silos - Bag silos are heavy plastic tubes, usually around 8 to 12 ft (2.4 to 3.6 m) in
diameter, and of variable length as required for the amount of material to be stored. They are
packed using a machine made for the purpose, and sealed on both ends. They are unloaded
using a tractor and loader or skid-steer loader.
g. Bins - A bin is typically much shorter than a silo, and is typically used for holding dry matter
such as cement or grain. Grain is often dried in a grain dryer before being stored in the bin.
h. Sand and Salt Silos - Sand and salt for winter road maintenance are stored in conical dome-
shaped silos. These are more common in North America, namely in Canada and the United
States.
i. Fabric Silos - are constructed of a fabric bag suspended within a rigid, structural
frame. Polyester based fabrics are often used for fabrication of the bag material, with specific
attention given to fabric pore size.
Silos Hazards
• Toxic Gases
• Silo Collapse
• Suffocation
• Climbing/Falling
FEEDER
AND
STORAGE
SILOS
SUBMITTED BY:
Boragay, Jessa
Cauntoy, Joana Marie R.
BSME 3A

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FEEDER AND STORAGE SILOS

Methods involved in Industrial Process

APRON FEEDER BELT FEEDER CHAIN FEEDER

STATIC UPRIGHT CEMENT SILO LOW-LEVEL SILO CONCRETE STAVE SILO

BINS SAND AND SALT SILOS FABRIC SILOS

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