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Chapter 6 Guided Notes

This document contains chapter notes on metabolism, energy, and enzymes from an AP Biology textbook. It covers several key topics: 1) Types of energy like kinetic, potential, chemical, and mechanical energy, and how energy flows rather than cycles according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 2) Metabolic reactions being either exergonic or endergonic based on free energy, with ATP being an important high-energy molecule used in coupled reactions. 3) Enzymes catalyzing metabolic pathways to maximize efficiency by lowering activation energy through an active site that binds substrates using either a lock-and-key or induced fit model. 4) Factors like temperature, pH,

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anushree Ravi
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195 views4 pages

Chapter 6 Guided Notes

This document contains chapter notes on metabolism, energy, and enzymes from an AP Biology textbook. It covers several key topics: 1) Types of energy like kinetic, potential, chemical, and mechanical energy, and how energy flows rather than cycles according to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 2) Metabolic reactions being either exergonic or endergonic based on free energy, with ATP being an important high-energy molecule used in coupled reactions. 3) Enzymes catalyzing metabolic pathways to maximize efficiency by lowering activation energy through an active site that binds substrates using either a lock-and-key or induced fit model. 4) Factors like temperature, pH,

Uploaded by

anushree Ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AP Biology - Crawford

Chapter 6 Guided Notes


Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
Mader & Windelspecht

6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy


1. Describe the following types of energy:
a. Kinetic

b. Potential

c. Chemical

d. Mechanical

2. Explain why energy flows and does not cycle.

3. State the following:


a. 1st Law of Thermodynamics

b. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

4. Describe the efficiency of a cell, and the form of energy that is lost.

5. Describe entropy in terms of:


a. A neat room vs a messy room

b. Glucose

c. Hydrogen ions in a concentration gradient.

6. What is the ultimate fate of all energy?

6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy Transformations


1. What is metabolism?

2. What is free energy, and how does the amount of free energy determine if a reaction will
occur spontaneously?

3. Define and give examples of:


a. Exergonic reactions

b. Endergonic reactions
AP Biology - Crawford

4. Describe the structure, function of ATP, and its biological advantages.

5. What are coupled reactions? Give an example.

6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes


1. Describe the function of an enzyme.

2. What is a metabolic pathway?

3. How do enzymes maximize efficiency in a


metabolic pathway?

4. What is activation energy, and how is it


affected by enzymes?
AP Biology - Crawford

5. Define the following parts of an enzyme substrate complex:


a. Substrates

b. Active site

5. Describe the lock and key model and the induced fit model of enzymes. Which is
more accurate?

7. Describe enzyme nomenclature. Give an example of a substrate and its corresponding


enzyme.

Factors affecting enzyme speed:


1. In general, what increases the rate of reactions and what decreases the rates of reactions,
in regards to enzymes?

2. You just denatured your car in the parking lot, what did you just do?

3. Why does denaturing an enzyme affect its efficiency?


AP Biology - Crawford

4. Define the following:


a. Cofactors

b. Coenzymes

c. Vitamins

5. Why is it necessary to inhibit enzymes?

6. What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition?

7. What is an allosteric site, and when is it used?

6.4 Organelles and the Flow of Energy


1. Define the following:
a. Redox reactions

b. Oxidation

c. Reduction

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