NN Learning and Expert Systems
NN Learning and Expert Systems
Stephen I . Gallant
Foreword xii i
I Basics 1
2 Representation Issues 31
7 Unsupervised Learning 13 3
7 .1 Introduction 13 3
7 .2 k-Means Clustering 13 4
7 .3 Topology-Preserving Maps 13 6
7 .4 ART1 143
7 .5 ART2 146
10 Constructive Algorithms 19 5
10.1 The Tower and Pyramid Algorithms 19 5
10.2 The Cascade-Correlation Algorithm 19 8
10.3 The Tiling Algorithm 200
10.4 The Upstart Algorithm 20 1
10.5 Other Constructive Algorithms and Pruning 20 3
10.6 Easy Learning Problems 205
10.7 Exercises 20 8
10.8 Programming Projects 20 9
11 Backpropagation 21 1
11 .1 The Backpropagation Algorithm 21 2
11 .2 Derivation 21 7
11 .3 Practical Considerations 21 9
11 .4 NP-Completeness 22 4
11 .5 Comments 22 5
11 .6 Exercises 22 7
11 .7 Programming Projects 22 8
Bibliography 34 9
Index 361