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Engineering Computer Graphics: Lecture 3. Projection

Projection is used to represent 3D objects in 2D formats like paper or screens. There are different types of projection including perspective, parallel, and orthographic. Multiview projection shows an object through views like top, front, right, etc. on perpendicular planes. Different edge types like normal, inclined, and oblique edges are classified based on their orientation to the projection planes. Planes are also classified as normal, inclined, or oblique based on their orientation. Multiview projection is commonly used to represent objects through front, top, and right views.

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37 views31 pages

Engineering Computer Graphics: Lecture 3. Projection

Projection is used to represent 3D objects in 2D formats like paper or screens. There are different types of projection including perspective, parallel, and orthographic. Multiview projection shows an object through views like top, front, right, etc. on perpendicular planes. Different edge types like normal, inclined, and oblique edges are classified based on their orientation to the projection planes. Planes are also classified as normal, inclined, or oblique based on their orientation. Multiview projection is commonly used to represent objects through front, top, and right views.

Uploaded by

YousufQadri
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engineering Computer Graphics

Lecture 3. Projection.
Objectives

• Projection Theory
• Pictorials
• Multi-View Drawing
• ANSI Standards
Projection Theory

• Why do we need Projection?


– Objects are 3D
– Media are 2D
• Paper
• Display
• Film, Image Sensor, etc.
– How we see objects with eyes?
• Angle difference between two eyes  Different Line of
Sight (LOS)
Projection Theory

• Line of Sight (LOS)


– Imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye
and the object
Projection Theory

• Projection Plane
– Plane where your projection is shown
– 1st angle projection: plane behind object in eye direction. Europe/Asia
– 3rd angle projection: plane between object and eye. U.S.A./Canada
Projection Theory

Projection

Perspective Parallel
Projection Projection

Orthographic
Projection
Pictorial Multiview

Linear Aerial Oblique Axonometric Multiview


Projection Projection Projection Projection Projection
Perspective Projection
Parallel Projection
Orthographic Projection
Multiview Projection

• Orthographic projection
• Three views are shown
in general
Multiview Projection

• Six Principal Views : Mutually


perpendicular views projected
onto three mutually
perpendicular projection planes
– Top
– Front
– Right
– Left
– Bottom
– Back
Multiview Projection
Multiview Projection (1st vs 3rd)
Multiview Projection (1st vs 3rd)
Multiview Projection (1st vs 3rd)
Alphabet of Lines
Types of Edges

• Types of Edges
– Normal edge (or line) : True-length line. Parallel to two projection
planes.
– Inclined edge (or line) : Parallel to one projection plane and inclined
to the adjacent projection plane.
– Oblique edge (or line) : Not parallel to any projection plane.
Types of Edges

Normal edge
Types of Edges

Foreshortened
Inclined line

True length
Types of Edges
Types of Planes

• Types of Planes
– Normal Plane : Parallel to one projection plane
• Frontal plane : parallel to the front projection plane
• Horizontal plane : parallel to the top/bottom projection plane
• Profile plane : parallel to right/left projection plane
– Inclined Plane : Perpendicular to one projection plane
– Oblique Plane : Not parallel or perpendicular to any projection planes
Types of Planes
Types of Planes

Inclined plane

Oblique plane
Multiview Projection (Exercise1)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise2)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise3)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise4)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise5)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise6)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise7)

Front
Multiview Projection (Exercise8)

Front

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