Drug indication contraindications Side & Adverse interactions Nsg Considerations

Ranitidine Short-term Contrainidicated CNS: headcahe, Imncreased 1. Administer

I. DRUG CLASS: treatment of with allergy to malaise, effects of oral drug with
active duodenal ranitidine, dizziness, warfarin; meals and at
Histamine2
ulcer lactation somnolence, moniotr patient bedtime.
antagonist
Maintenance Use cautiously insomia, closely and 2. Decrease
II. THERAPEUTIC
therapy for with impaired vertigo adjust dosage doses in renal
ACTIONS: as needed
Competitively duodenal ulcer renal or hepatic CV: and liver failure.
inhibits the at reduced function, tachycardia, 3. Provide
action of dosage pregnancy bradycardia concurrent
histamine at Short-term GI: antacid therapy
the H2 receptors treatment of constipation, to relieve pain.
of the parietal active, benign diarrhea, 4. Adminsiter IM
cells of the gastric ulcer nausea, dose undiluted,
stomach, Short-term vomiting, deep into large
inhibiting basal treatment of abdominal pain muscle group.
gastric acid GERD LOCAL: pain at 5. Arrange for
secretion and Treatment of IM site, local regular follow-
gastric acid heartburn, acid burning or up, including
secretion that is indigestion, itching at IV blood tests to
stimulated by sour stomac site evaluate
food, insulin, effects.
histamine, 6. Report sore
cholinergic throat, fever,
agonists, unusual
gastrin, and blleding or
pentagastrin bruising, severe
headcahe and
etc.
DIAZEPAM Indications Contraindications Adverse Pharmacologic Class: Obtain history patient’s
Benzodiazepine
Brand Name: - and Cautions Reactions Therapeutic Class:
Anxiolytic, skeletal muscle underlying condition
relaxant, anticonvulsant,
Apo-Diazepam, Anxiety - CNS:Anterograde sedative-hypnotic before therapy and
Indications
Diastat, Valium - Contraindicated in amnesia, ataxia, - reassess
Anxiety
Before endoscopic patients depression, -
Before endoscopic regularly thereafter.
procedure
Pharmacologic procedure hypersensitive to drowsiness, - •
Muscle spasm
Class: - the drug or any of fainting, - Periodically monitor liver,
Preoperative sedation
Benzodiazepine Muscle spasm its components hangover, Dosage
- 10 mg 1 tablet P.O.; kidney, and hematopoietic
STAT order
Therapeutic - and in those with headache, Contraindications and function studies in
Cautions
Class: Anxiolytic, Preoperative angle-closure insomnia, lethargy, - patient receiving repeated
Contraindicated in patients
skeletal muscle sedatio glaucoma, shock, pain, psychosis, hypersensitive to the drug
or any of its components or prolonged therapy.
and in those with angle-
relaxant, coma, or acute restlessness, closure glaucoma, shock, •
coma, or acute alcohol
anticonvulsant, alcohol slurred speech, intoxication (parenteral Be alert for adverse
form).
sedative-hypnoti intoxication tremors. -
Use cautiously in patients reactions and drug
with hepatic or renal
(parenteral form). CV:Bradycardia, CV impairment, depression, or interactions.
chronic open-angle
Action - collapse, transient glaucoma. •
Adverse Reactions
CNS:Anterograde amnesia,
Chemical Effect: Use cautiously in hypotension ataxia, depression, When oral concentrate
drowsiness, fainting,
May depress CNS patients with EENT:Blurred hangover, headache, solution is used, dilute
insomnia, lethargy, pain,
at limbic and hepatic or renal vision, diplopia, psychosis, restlessness, dose before giving. Use
slurred speech, tremors.
CV:Bradycardia, CV
subcortical levels impairment, nystagmus collapse, transient water, juice, or
hypotension
of brain.; depression, or GI:Abdominal EENT:Blurred vision, carbonated beverages, or
diplopia, nystagmus
suppresses spread chronic open- discomfort, GI:Abdominal discomfort, mix with semisolid food
constipation, nausea,
vomiting
of seiazure activity angle glaucoma constipation, GU:Incontinence, urine such as
retention
produced by nausea, vomiting Respiratory: Respiratory pudding.
depression
epileptogenic foci GU:Incontinence, Skin:Desquamation, rash, •
urticaria
Other: Acute withdrawal
in urine retention syndrome after stopping Possibility of abuse and
drug suddenly in physically
cortex, thalamus, Respiratory: dependent person, addiction exists. Don’t
phlebitis at injection site,
and limbic system. Respiratory physical or psychological withdraw drug abruptly
dependence.
 Interactions
Therapeutic Effect: depression Drug-drug after long-term use.
Cimetidine: May increase
Relieves anxiety, Skin:Desquamation, sedation. Monitor patient
carefully. Withdrawal symptoms
CNS depressants: May
muscle spasms, rash, urticaria increase CNS depression. may occur.
Avoid using together.
and seizures; Other: Acute Digoxin: May increase •
digoxin level and toxicity
promotes withdrawal level.
Diltiazem: May increase Advise patient to avoid
CNS depression and
calmness and syndrome after prolong effects of hazardous tasks that
diazepam.
sleep stopping drug Use lower dose of require alertness, such as
diazepam.
suddenly in Phenobarbital: May
increase effects of both driving until CNS effects
drugs. Use ogether
physically cautiously. are known.
Ranitidine: May decrease
dependent person, absorption. Monitor patient •
for decreased effect.
phlebitis at injection Drug-herb
Kava, valerian: sedative Tell patient to avoid using
effects may be enhanced.
site, physical or Discourage using alcohol during therapy.
together.
psychological Drug-lifestyle •
Alcohol use: may cause
dependence additive CNS effects.
Strongly discourage use Warn to take drug only as
with
this drug. directed and not to stop it
Smoking: May increase
benzodiazepine clearance. without physician’s
Monitor patient for lack of
drug effect
approval
Atrophine Blocks acetylcholine -Symptomatic Most common Ophthalmic use: After instillation of
effects on infants less than 3
Sulfate bradycardia, Systemic use: ophthalmic
postganglionic months of age,
bradyarrhyth Dry mouth, ointment,
BRAND NAME cholinergic receptors
primary glaucoma
in smooth muscle, mia urinary compress lacrimal
Minims or a tendency
cardiac muscle, (junctional or hesitancy, sac
Atropine toward glaucoma,
exocrine glands, escape headache, by digital pressure
urinary bladder, and adhesions between
rhythm) flushing, for
the AV and SA node the iris and the
Cholinergic blocking
-Antidote for constipation, 1-3 min to decrease
drug in lens, geriatric
systemic effects.
the heart. anticholineste heartburn, N clients and others
Have physostigmine
Ophthalmologically, rase- and V. where
blocks acetylcholine undiagnosed available in the
insecticide
effects on the Opthalmic use: event
poisoning glaucoma or
sphincter muscle of Blurred vision, of overdose.
-Preopera- excessive pressure
the iris and the stinging, Use the AtroPen
in the eye may be
accommodation tively to
increased present, in children Auto-injector as
muscle of the cilliary diminish
intraocular who have had a soon
body. This results in secretions and
dilation of the pupil pressure previous sever as symptoms of
block cardiac systemic reaction
and paralysis of the organophosphorus
muscles required to vagal reflexes to atropine or
accommodate for carbamate
close visio
poisoning
appear. In
moderate
to severe
poisonoing,
use of more than 1
AtroPen may br
required until
atropinization is
achieved