The student was asked to simulate a three-phase circuit in both star and delta configurations using PSpice software. The objectives were to familiarize themselves with PSpice and analyze electrical circuits. The procedure involved drawing the circuit, assigning voltage parameters, running simulations, and probing voltages and currents. Key results showed the relationships between phase and line voltages/currents in both balanced and unbalanced configurations, with phase currents equal to line currents in a balanced star configuration. The simulations generally matched expectations but had some deviations from calculated values due to inexperience with the software.
The student was asked to simulate a three-phase circuit in both star and delta configurations using PSpice software. The objectives were to familiarize themselves with PSpice and analyze electrical circuits. The procedure involved drawing the circuit, assigning voltage parameters, running simulations, and probing voltages and currents. Key results showed the relationships between phase and line voltages/currents in both balanced and unbalanced configurations, with phase currents equal to line currents in a balanced star configuration. The simulations generally matched expectations but had some deviations from calculated values due to inexperience with the software.
The student was asked to simulate a three-phase circuit in both star and delta configurations using PSpice software. The objectives were to familiarize themselves with PSpice and analyze electrical circuits. The procedure involved drawing the circuit, assigning voltage parameters, running simulations, and probing voltages and currents. Key results showed the relationships between phase and line voltages/currents in both balanced and unbalanced configurations, with phase currents equal to line currents in a balanced star configuration. The simulations generally matched expectations but had some deviations from calculated values due to inexperience with the software.
The student was asked to simulate a three-phase circuit in both star and delta configurations using PSpice software. The objectives were to familiarize themselves with PSpice and analyze electrical circuits. The procedure involved drawing the circuit, assigning voltage parameters, running simulations, and probing voltages and currents. Key results showed the relationships between phase and line voltages/currents in both balanced and unbalanced configurations, with phase currents equal to line currents in a balanced star configuration. The simulations generally matched expectations but had some deviations from calculated values due to inexperience with the software.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Advanced Electrical Principles
Laboratory Practical- SIMULATION OF THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS (STAR -DELTA) USING PSPICE
SURNAMME : KAYOMBO
NAME : BRIAN
PROGRAME : 08BEET
STUDENT NUMBER: 218103352
DUE DATE : 23/05/2019
INTRODUCTION
When we measure voltage and current in three-phase systems, we need to be specific as to
where we’re measuring. Line voltage refers to the amount of voltage measured between any two line conductors in a balanced three-phase system. With the above circuit, the line voltage is roughly 208 volts. Phase voltage refers to the voltage measured across any one component (source winding or load impedance) in a balanced three-phase source or load. The terms line current and phase current follows the same logic: the former referring to the current through any one line conductor, and the latter to the current through any one component.
Y-connected sources and loads always have line voltages greater than phase voltages, and line currents equal to phase currents. If the Y-connected source or load is balanced, the line voltage will be equal to the phase voltage times the square root of 3:
OBJECTIVES
To familiarize and instruct myself on the use the use of PSpice.
To use PSpice to analyze electrical circuits.
EQUIPMENT LIST:
Computer/laptop PSpice software PROCEDURE We were asked to draw the following circuit in the software by following a few guided steps
1. We opened the Capture CIS went to File on the menu and selected “New” and then “Project. 2. We then followed the normal procedures setting up the workspace and built the circuit as shown in the figure 1. 3. under the source use“Vsin” to build the three-phase voltages. Once the Vsin part is on the schematic, double click on it to assign its parameter values: AC=0 DC=0 FREQ=50 PHASE=0 VAMPL=220 VOFF=0 Note that the other two Vsin voltages should have the same parameter values as above except their phases (for VY and VB) should be + 120° and -120°, respectively. 4. In the setup window, Time Domain (Transient) was selected as Analysis type and entered the following values for the simulation settings and then hit OK Run to time=1050 ms, Start saving data after=1000 ms, Maximum step size=0.1ms Checkeked the box for the “Skip the initial transient bias point calculation (SKIPBP)” 6. Run Pspice Simulation by selecting “Run” under “Pspice” on the menu. Once the simulation is completed, a Probe window will appear. 7. To show various waveforms (voltage, current, power) from the schematic, we went back to the schematic window and then place the markers or probes to any place of your interest on the schematic. The probes are located just below the top menu and there are four probes available: voltage (V), voltage differential (V+V-), current (I) and power (W). Note that you should run your simulation again every time you add or remove probes. 8.. By use of voltage probes, run the simulation to show the relationship between the phase voltages. 9. By taking one phase as the reference run the simulation to show the relationship between the phase voltage and the line voltage (line-line voltage). 10. Run the simulation to show the relationship between the phase current and line current for each type of load. Explain the phase relationships between the voltages and currents 19. Plot the waveform of Red phase load current Versus Voltage across it. Rescale the current waveform by a factor of 10 to see the current waveform more clearly and copy the waveforms to FINDING/RESULTS Simulated circuits and all graphs
The line currents (IR, IY, IB) and (In) in peak values The graph below shows the relationship of the three above stated currents when measured across their respective lines
To show various waveforms (voltage, current, power) from the schematic, we went back to the schematic window and then placed the markers or probes to any place of our interest on the schematic. The probes are located just below the top menu and there are four probes available: voltage (V), voltage differential (V+V-), current (I) and power (W).
The relationship of the voltages in the system
The graph below shows the relationship of the voltages acting in the system from the three respective sources. It is imperative that we first appreciate how these voltages look before we begin to compare them with their respective phases The waveforms above represent the voltages from the sources and how they relate to each. As can be seen the graphs show the angles which separates them versus the amplitude.
The simulation was run every time probes were added or removed
By taking one phase as the reference run the simulation to show the relationship between (line-line voltages).
The waves above show the relationship between the phase voltage and the line voltage
As the system is balanced, a balanced system means that in all the three phases, i.e., R, Y and B, the equal amount of current flows through them. Therefore, the three voltages ENR, ENY and ENB are equal in magnitude but displaced from one another by 120 degrees electrical
Run the simulation to show the relationship between the phase current and line current for each type of load. Explain the phase relationships between the voltages and currents The same current flows through phase winding as well as in the line conductor as it is connected in series with the phase winding. Hence, in a 3 Phase system of Star Connections, the Line Current is equal to Phase Current.
Phase relationships between the voltages and currents
When capacitors or inductors are involved in an AC circuit, the current and voltage do not peak at the same time. The fraction of a period difference between the peaks expressed in degrees is said to be the phase difference. The phase difference is <= 90 degrees. It is customary to use the angle by which the voltage leads the current. This leads to a positive phase for inductive circuits since current lags the voltage in an inductive circuit. The phase is negative for a capacitive circuit since the current leads the voltage. Unbalanced Star to Delta
The line currents (IR, IY, IB) and (In) in peak values
The relationship of the voltages in the system
The graph below shows the relationship of the voltages acting in the system from the three respective sources. It is imperative that we first appreciate how these voltages look before we begin to compare them with their respective phases
The waveforms above represent the voltages from the sources and how they relate to each. As can be seen the graphs show the angles which separates them versus the amplitude.
I was asked to rescale the current waveform by a factor of 10 to see the current waveform more clearly. This was done by double clicking the name of the current waveform I (R4).
By taking one phase as the reference run the simulation to show the relationship between ( line- line voltages). Run the simulation to show the relationship between the phase current and line current for each type of load. Explain the phase relationships between the voltages and currents
Explain the phase relationships between the voltages and currents in an unbalanced three phase In an unbalanced three phase system consisting of inductors, the voltages and the currents are in phase with each other which is the other opposite of the situation in the balanced three phase in which they are out of phase.
Armed with prior knowledge of how a three phase is works, the simulation was done according to the instructions given, the results of the graphs obtained show and conform with what was expected at the start of the simulation. The line currents when measured showed that they added up to the total circuit current. The unbalanced circuit also conformed to standards by having varying power in the lines and the currents measured in the lines and the phases showed that the currents varied from line to line conforming to the expected standards.
Conclusion The simulation though worked as expected even though the values did not exactly match the calculated values. This deviation can be attributed to the user’s vast inexperience in using the software but with time, subsequent labs will begin to more and more accurate. The overall circuit workability was success with the graphs being taken for all voltage, current and power readings as requested. The results showed the already known fact that current in a balanced network is equal in all the lines hence the current in the neutral line is equal to zero In the unbalanced mode, the three phase circuit’s parameters were taken and the graphs attached for all the parameters requested, this also did not conform accurately but was within acceptable levels of tolerance error. The currents in the lines was not equal as per measurement as well and the current in the neutral was measured it was found to be the balance of the three phase circuit current when the sum of I1+I2+I3 was taken, the result then subtracted from the overall current, the balanced was found to be in the neutral.
How do your simulation results compare with your calculated ones from the Prelab? They measured results actually confirm to a good degree with the calculated results meaning the circuit simulation was done up to the acceptable standard.
From unbalanced three phase simulation, which line is carrying more current and what is value of the current?
The ry line is carrying more current of which its value is 10 *√3 = 18
What are disadvantages of unbalanced systems?
Increase Neutral Return Current
The unequal distribution of loads between the three phases of the system cause the flow of unbalanced currents in the system, that produce unbalanced voltage drops on the electric lines. This increase in neutral current which cause line losses.
Voltage or Current Shift
If the system is unbalanced, negative-sequence components or zero-sequence components or both may exist in the system.
Excessive power loss
The unbalance Voltage always causes extra power loss in the system. The higher the voltage unbalance is the more power is dissipated means higher power bills. The imbalance of current will increase the I2R Losses
Motor failure In general, a three-phase motor fed by a balanced three-phase voltage with only positive-sequence component which produces only positive-sequence torque. The negative-sequence voltage caused by voltage imbalance produces opposite torque and leads to motor vibration and noise. Heat generated by Unbalance Voltage may also reduce the Motor life
