SAN PASCUAL SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL I

STRESS MANAGEMENT OF HUMANITIES AND

SOCIAL SCIENCES STUDENTS IN
SAN PASCUAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1,
S.Y. 2018-2019

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School
San Pascual Senior High School I

In Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements

Practical Research 1

Alyssa Mae Combalicer

Diosa C. Maranan
Bryan G. dela Vega
Kristel Marie S. Comia
Wenson M. Oliva

Researchers

October 2018
1
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With heartfelt gratitude, we, as researchers would like to extend our

sincerest thanks to the following who had given their fullest support in making the

research paper, not only in a couple of days but throughout the days we have

shared.

To our beloved family, especially to our parents, Mr. & Mrs. Ba-al, dela

Vega, Oliva, Comia and Maranan, who have been our source of constant

inspiration and moral support.

We would also like to thank San Pascual Senior High School I for giving

this opportunity to enhance our skills and knowledge when it comes to our

researching abilities.

We also want to acknowledge our dearest Practical Research I Teacher,

Mrs. Maribel M. Sikat for guiding and for her infinite patience for us. We would like

to thank her for correcting and for the all knowledge she had shared to us.

To our friends and classmates who gaves us motivation and cheer us up

until we finished this study successfully, you really are blessings to us.

To all the people who do not believe that we can surpass this with flying

colors, you became one of our motivation and consider your negatives as our
2

strength.
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Most of all, to our Almighty God for all the blessings that He poured out. Our

highest praise and Honor is with You.

3
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

DEDICATION

The researchers are wholeheartedly devoting this successful research

study entitled "Stress Management of the Humanities and Social Sciences

Students" to the following:

To Heavenly Father who never stop extending his hand and giving us the

courage, knowledge, supports and needs when we felt like giving up

accomplishing this research and for His Holy Spirit who continuously abiding us.

To ourselves because of not surrendering when the world and time was

contradicting our plans to finish this study.

To our parents who financially, emotionally, spiritually and mentally helped

us to achive and come up to this partial fullfilment in Practical Research I.

To our teachers who supported and exerted their time teaching us to be

able to solve and finish this case study.

To every subjects who willingly answered our questions and interviews.

To the future researchers who would like to conduct similar study

concerning stress.

To our friends and believers who tapped our backs and cried with us in our

trek.

And to every persons who do not believe and discourage us when we are
4

on the process of unlocking ideas and concepts.

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Alyssa Mae, Diosa, Bryan, Kristel Marie and Wenson.

5
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE

PAGE................................................................................................................ I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................

... II

DEDICATION...........................................................................................................

.. IV

TABLE OF

CONTENTS............................................................................................. VI

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the

Study................................................................................ 9

Conceptual

Framework.................................................................................. 11

Research

Paradigm........................................................................................ 12

Statement of the Problem.............................................................................

6
Page

13
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Significance of the Study...............................................................................

14

Scope and Limitation of the Study................................................................

15

Definition of Terms........................................................................................

16

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature.........................................................................................

18

Related Studies...........................................................................................

23

Synthesis.....................................................................................................

32

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design.........................................................................................

33

Subject of the Study....................................................................................

7
Page

34
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Data Gathering Instrument.........................................................................

34

Data Gathering Procedure..........................................................................

35

CHAPTER IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Figure 1. The Causes of Stress among the HUMSS tudents......................

37

Figure 2. Ways on Managing Stress.............................................................

39

Figure 3. Plan of

Action.................................................................................. 42

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusions...................................................................................................

. 42

Recommendations........................................................................................

. 44
8
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................

.... 46

CURRICULUM

VITAE................................................................................................ 48

9
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Nowadays, as K-12 Curriculum emerges, students’ mindset is now focused

on grades more than their emotional, physical, especially the mental health. It is

because of societies’ holistic opinion, grades measure intelligence. To exert too

much effort, the students sleep as late as 1AM even the class commonly starts at

7AM. Deadlines on submissions, examinations, pressures in recitations, noise,

difficulties with social interaction, family problems are some of the things that

augment one’s stress level.

In a broad sense, stress is a pressure in the environment in which a student

react to certain problems or challenges. Stress has a direct effect on the mind and

the whole anatomy of the body a student. To some people, the effect is minimal

which means, they are able to endure pressure while in others the effect is

enormous and have an adverse effect. If it is not prevented as early as possible, it

can be lead to a severe mental health problem such as depression.

Unfortunately, students with busy schedules are the one who most

experience it, no free time to relax from school works. In addition, not getting
10

enough sleep makes it difficult for students to concentrate and learn effectively.
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

This can lead to feelings of stress for children when he or she isn't able to perform

well in class or on assignments. In fact, studies have shown that students who

don’t get the required 8-10 hours of sleep each night are more likely to feel stressed

than students who do.

The American Institute of Stress (n.d) points out that "stress can have wide

ranging effects on emotion, mood, and behavior." Stress affects both students’

physical and mental functioning. These negative symptoms could affect the quality

of students’ academic performance.

Some of the pressure or force originate from the environment but most often

comes from within a person's head in the form of worry, anxiousness, regret,

discouragement and low confidence (Wheeler, 2007).

Apparently, stress management is a set of techniques and programs

intended to help people deal more effectively with stress in their lives by analyzing

the specific stressor and taking positive actions to minimize their effects (Gale

Encyclopedia of Medicine, 2008). Managing stress is just like a low battery phone

that about to take charge: taking charge of the thoughts, emotions, schedule,

environment and how the way of dealing with problems. The ultimate goal of

managing stress is a balance life— to have time for work, relationships and fun—

plus the resilience to hold up pressure and meet challenges and kill it just like a

piece of cake.

With the information gathered and the prevailing observations on students,

11
Page

the researchers conduct this study. This aims to provide information and to know
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

the different aspects, reasons, effects of stress among the select students. After

obtaining the necessary information, the researchers would design ways on how

to manage stress that has been encountered by the Humanities and Social

Sciences students as the target respondents as well as the one who experiences

this dilemma.

This study will help them to understand the things included with the

management of stress. Overall, this study has a lot of benefits to the researchers,

the target respondents, family, and for the future researchers who will conduct this

kind of research too.

Conceptual Framework

In this part, the researchers aim to have a framework that holds and

supports the theory of the research study. It introduces and describes the theory

that explains the research problem under this study.

Stress is common to everyone. Stress is your reaction to any change that

requires us to adjust or respond. It is important to remember that we can learn to

control stress, because stress depends upon our manner of response to stressful

events. Our bodies are designed to feel stress and react to it. It keeps us alert and

ready to avoid danger. It is not always possible to avoid or change events that may

cause stress. We can feel trapped and feel helpless to cope when stress persists.

The body begins to break down and illnesses can occur. The key to coping with
12
Page

stress is identifying stressor in life and learning ways to direct and reduce stress.
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

According to Rollinson, D. and Field, A.B., "Organizational Behavior

Analysis" (2001), coping strategies are classified into two types such as individual

level strategies and organizational level strategies.

In order to examine the research that has been conduct, this study is

proposed and guided by the conceptual framework which defines the stress

management of a students regards to his/her studies and how the stress affects

the students way of living.

Research Paradigm

In this part, the main intention of the researchers is to know how the HUMSS

students manage stress in their daily lives. The I-P-O or the Input-Process-Output

is used for better representation of the research paradigm.

Process
Output
Input Conducting and
The researchers
giving of research
The researchers especially the
questionnaires to the
identify how the respondents will
select HUMSS
HUMSS Students know the different
students in San
manages stress. ways on how to
Pascual Senior High
manage stress.
School I.
13
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm

In the first box, which is the input, it consists of how the HUMSS students

manage stress in San Pascual Senior High School I.

Next, the process. The researchers enumerated the methods that are

needed to gather the information that they need to find accurate information from

reliable sources.

Lastly, the output wherein the researchers listed the possible result and how

the research conducted will be beneficial to the students who experience stress.

Statement of the Problem

The research study aims to determine the different ways on how to prevent

and relieve stress that has been encountered particularly by the HUMSS students

of San Pascual Senior High School 1, S.Y. 2018-2019.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the reasons why HUMSS students feel stressed?

2. What ways were used by the students to alleviate and to manage stress?

3. What cogent ways may be designed to reduce stress and promote maximum

performance of students?
14
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Significance of the Study

The study aims to cite some information regarding stress management of

the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students of San Pascual Senior

High School I (SPSHS I). This research will be beneficial to the following:

To the researchers. The important details gathered by the researchers will

inform them about the stress management used by the Humanities and Social

Sciences Students of San Pascual Senior High School I. Researchers will also

provide accurate information that they will develop to be used in designing possible

strategies on stress management Thus, they will be satisfied to be able to finish

their study.

To the Students. This may help them to be aware about the differences of

stress in any other psychological mental problem. Also, this will help them in terms

of their physical, emotional especially the mental aspects. The respondents will

also give the feedback and reaction in the research that has been conducted.

To the parents. This research is important for the parents to know about

stress and to guide their child on how to handle stress and to be aware on their

child's situation.

To the teachers. This study is important to the teachers because they are

the one's who observe the students’ behavior in school. That they will know how
15

the students react during the teacher-student interaction inside the classroom.
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

To the future researchers. This research will serve as a guide or tool to the

future researchers that will help them regarding the data and information that they

will need as they conduct and solve their own research problem in the future.

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation of the Study

This study covers how HUMSS students manage stress in San Pascual

Senior High School 1. The target subject of this study are the HUMSS students

who are currently experiencing, experienced and will be experience stress. This

study will also present the causes and effects of stress on the select subjects. The

research also covers the proposed solution of the topic and the perception and

understanding of the respondents regarding stress management.

The researchers limited the study with the total number of 16 students

coming from Humanities and Social Sciences Students of San Pascual Senior

High School I. It will not cover the strands of Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics and the other strands in San Pascual Senior High School I such

as Accountancy and Business Management, Electrical, Installation and

Maintenance as well as the Food, Beverages and Services.

16
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Definition of Terms

The terms are specifically define for better understanding of the readers.

Anxiety. It is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear,

apprehension, and worrying. (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/anxiety)

Depression. It is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects

how you feel, the way you think and how you act.

(https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression)

Mental Health. It is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual

realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can

work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his

community. (http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/)

Physical Health. It is critical for overall well-being and is the most visible of the

various dimensions of health, which also include social, intellectual, emotional,

spiritual and environmental health. Some of the most obvious and serious signs

that we are unhealthy appear physically. (https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-

is-physical-health-definition-components-examples.html)

Pressure. It is the psychological stress associated with expectations to perform

well in a situation.

(https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Pressure)
17
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Stress. It is any uncomfortable emotional experience accompanied by predictable

biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes.

(http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-chronic-stress.aspx)

Stress Management. It encompasses techniques intended to equip a person with

effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress. It is a person's

physiological response to an external stimulus that triggers the "fight-or-flight"

reaction. (https://www.psychologistworld.com/stress/stress-management)

18
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This research study presents a brief but vivid information about the Review

of Related Literature and Studies. This part includes the Related Literature,

Related Studies and Synthesis that explains the ideas, generalizations on

conclusion, methodologies and the possible solutions to the research problems.

Related Literature

Recently, most of the HUMSS students in San Pascual Senior High School

I experience stress and the others do not know how to deal or cope with it. There

are lots of researchers conducts a study about this dilemma as stated below.

Stress has become the number one reported impediment to academic

performance of the students worldwide. To prove it, the study, published recently

in the journal, Frontiers in Psychology found out that out of 129 students, that they

had interviewed, 49 percent (49%) of the students reported that they are all dealing

with stress. Half of them also reported that they do three or more hours of

homework per night instead of going to sleep early.

Apparently, if the stress is not untreated as early as possible, it can be lead

to the greater levels of psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression.

On a positive note, stress can be reduced by laughing. Having a chuckle,

19

lowers the stress hormones, including cortisol, epinephrine, and adrenaline, and
Page

strengthens the immune system by releasing positive hormones. More good news,
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

especially for chocolate lovers, dark chocolate have also been found to reduce the

stress hormones (Wallenstein, 2003).

Undoubtedly, the following 7 tips have been adapted from The American

Psychological Association to support individuals in getting best out of stress

management plan— understand the stress, identify the stress sources, learn to

recognize stress signals, recognize the stress strategies, implement healthy stress

management strategies, make self care priority and ask for support when needed

("Check Out the Stress Tip Sheet", 2018).

Aside from that there are ways to alleviate and to manage stress. Learning

how to manage stress takes practice. Some of them are—deep breathing, eat well,

having a break to the things that cause stress, make time for hobbies, talk about

your problems, self-talk and eliminate your triggers. (Reference:

https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/tips-to-control-stress)

Meanwhile, according to Stöppler et.al. MD, people with strong social

support networks (consisting of family, friends, religious organizations, or other

social groups) report less stress and overall improved mental health in comparison

to those without these social contacts. People who are poorly nourished, who get

inadequate sleep, or who are physically unwell also have reduced capabilities to

handle the pressures and stresses of everyday life and may report higher stress

levels. Some stressor are particularly associated with certain age groups or life

stages. Children, teens, college students, working parents, and seniors are
20
Page

examples of the groups who often face common stressor related to life transitions.
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

In addition, everyone is different, and the ways they choose to manage their

stress. Some people prefer pursuing hobbies such as gardening, playing music

and creating art, while others find relief in more solitary activities: meditation, yoga

and walking. The American Psychological Association (APA) suggested the five

tips to help manage stress to reduce it even though in the short or long term— take

a break from the stressor, exercise, smile and laugh, get social support and

meditations.

Stress is a reality which have to be faced in everyday life. There are

situations when people start to feel out of help and start to disturb emotionally and

other stressor. Many people consider stress as an incident that happened to them

such as injury or job loss (Centre, 2010). Others think stress is some kind of

changes which happen to the physical body, behavior and mind or over thoughts

about situation.

Any situation which causes frustration can also be cause of stress.

Everyone has different skill and capabilities so their style of handling the situations

could also differ and it is same for stress level for each person. It is possible stress

level will be different for two persons which are facing save situations. It depends

on which kind of stressor affects them both. Stress is not an extraordinary thing it

is just the part of the daily life. And it has a good effect if its amount is not too much.

It can improve the motivation and also helps to improve productivity (Centre,

2010).
21
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Robinson (2010) said that it depends on how one will react against it, it can

affect negatively when the reaction and response against stress is negative, it

could affect one’s health and happiness.

Due to this, the Clinic Community Health Centre has laid down some stress

relieving techniques which help a lot especially students to enable them to manage

their stress issues (Centre 2010, 15–30; Hiriyappa 2012, 61–114). There are some

techniques and ways that can help reduce stress and stop you being stressed up

as listed below.

Meditations. The first technique that can help with the management of

stress is meditation. Meditation that cultivates mindfulness can be particularly

effective at reducing stress, anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions.

Mindfulness is the quality of being fully engaged in the present moment, without

over-thinking or analysing the experience. Rather than worrying about the future

or dwelling on the past, mindfulness meditation switches the focus on what is

happening right now. Mindfulness meditation is not equal to zoning out.

It takes an effort to maintain the concentration and to bring it back to the

present moment when the mind wanders or it start to drift off. But with regular

practice, mindfulness strengthens the areas of the brain associated with joy and

relaxation. Mindfulness provides a potentially powerful antidote to the common

causes of daily stress such as time pressure, distraction, agitation, and

interpersonal conflicts. (Clinic Community Health Centre, January 2010).

22
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Body Scanning. Body scanning is also another good way of managing

stress. Body scanning promotes mindfulness by focusing the attention on various

parts of the body. Like progressive muscle relaxation, can start first with feet and

work way up. However, instead of tensing and relaxing your muscles, just simply

focus on the way each part of the body feels, noticing any sensations without

labeling then as "good or bad". (Clinic Community Health Centre, January 2010).

Deep Breathing. Another way which is easy to practice and to do is deep

breathing. Deep breathing releases tension from the body and clears the mind,

improving both physical and mental wellness. The tensioned body tend to breathe

shallowly or even hold their breath when they are feeling anxious. Sometimes they

are not even aware of it. Shallow breathing limits the oxygen intake and adds

further stress to your body. Breathing exercises can help to reduce this stress. The

key to deep breathing is to breathe deeply from the abdomen, getting as much air

as possible into the lungs. Taking deep breaths from the abdomen, rather than

shallow breaths from the upper chest, the more oxygen that inhaled. The more

oxygen that get, the less tense, short of breath, and anxious feel. This kind of

breathing is called diaphragmatic breathing. It means to breathe from the depths

of your belly, rather than from your chest and nose. (Clinic Community Health

Centre, January 2010).

Guided Imagery. Guided imagery is also a convenient and simple

relaxation technique that can help quickly and easily manage stress and reduce
23

tension in the body. It is virtually as easy as indulging in a vivid daydream and, with
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

practice, this technique can help to ease the tension and stress that may feel.

When used as a relaxation technique, guided imagery involves imagining a scene

in which may feel at peace, free to let go of all tension and anxiety. Choose

whatever setting is most calming to, whether a tropical beach, a favourite childhood

spot, a therapist’s chair, or a quiet place in the woods. (Clinic Community Health

Centre, January 2010).

Self-Massage. Lastly, self-massage helps so much in managing stress

much more than we think. Getting a massage provides deep relaxation, and as the

muscles in the body relax, so does the overstressed mind. There are many simple

self-massage techniques that can be use to relax and release stress. (Clinic

Community Health Centre, January 2010).

Related Studies

Apparently, according to Essel, G. and Owusu, P. (2017) thesis paper about

the Causes of Students’s Stress, Its Effects on their Academic Success and Stress

Management by Students, they define stress as a process by which an individual

or a person react when opened to external or internal problems and challenges.

The organism processes numerous systems to coordinate such adaptive

responses both at systematic and cellular levels. By this, stress has direct effect

on the brain and the whole anatomy of the body as such failure to adapt to a

stressful condition can result in brain malfunction, physiological problem and also
24
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

many areas of psychological challenge's in the form of depression, anxiety, pain

and burnout.

Stress has become the number one reported impediment to academic

performance, as fellow students now report being stressed out than ever. The New

York University Publication continued its affirmation that, 55% of students claimed

their biggest stressor to be academic in nature. 6 in 10 college students report

having felt so stressed they couldn't get their studies done on one or more

occasions [Retrieved on 21 July 2018]. Additionally, many of the emotional and

physical symptoms that occur commonly in the student population, such as

headaches, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and the inability to cope, can be attributed

to or exacerbated by stress. (Dusselier et al. 2005, 15–24).

Surveys conducted by Kansas State University reveal a 58% increase in

stress related mental health issues reported to campus counsellors between 1988

and 2001 (Hoover 2003). These increased stress loads come with some dire

consequences. Suicide rates amongst college-aged students are three times

higher than they were in 1950, as described by American College Health

Association statistics published in Psychology Today [Retrieved on 21 July 2018].

Therefore, stress is basically force applied to a person and may result in a

strain which is a result of an unmanaged stress that is when a person is not able

to handle a challenge or problem encountered strain results. To some people, the

effect is minimal which means they are able to endure pressure while in others the
25

effect is enormous and have an adverse effect.

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

To be specific, the environment of the student plays a major role in how

their life will be in school. Some students turn to adapt to new environment while

others also feel discomfort being in a new environment. The environment students

find themselves in can stress them up which may cause them not focus on their

studies or other academic issues and work.

Lack of Vacations or Breaks. The human body is in such a way that it

needs some rest and break from time to time. In a situation where students have

to be in the learning and teaching environments for long period of times affects the

cognitive thinking of the students. They became tired and lazy to continue the

studies. These feelings, in the long run, makes the students stressed up since the

body does not have enough energy and zeal to continue with the teaching and

learning process.

Computer Problems. Today is the era of technological world and as a result

of that most aspect of the human life is adapting to changes to suit the environment

to avoid difficulty, these changes do not only affect humans but also institutions.

The introduction of information technology and also computers have done a lot of

good to schools and students especially but on the other hand, has also created

problems for certain students. Most students lack the skills of using the computer

for academic purpose and unfortunately for most of the curriculum in our modern

schools makes so much use of the computer and this creates so many challenges

and discomfort for the students which cause them to start thinking and become
26

stressed up eventually.
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Bad Living Conditions. Living conditions of people place a major role in

the feeling and thinking of students. When students live in a condition which is

difficult to afford some basic amenities of life they really live unhappily and this

affects almost all the aspect of their life. Therefore, when they start to ponder about

this issues they get stressed up and lose focus.

Divorce between Parents. Major life changing events or happens can be

very stressful to everyone, especially students. Unpleasant events like the divorce

of parents make the student not be themselves because they become victims of

broken homes. Divorce takes away the happiness students have and once that

happiness is gone, they lose themselves and reflect on the past which stresses

them up at the long run.

Placed in Unfamiliar Situations. There are a lot of situations that when

someone finds themselves in they become frustrated and try to find ways and

means out of that situations. Students are also victims of some of these situations.

Some kind stuff or issues take places in school which might involve a student and

he or she knows nothing about that situation and most often they are unpleasant

ones. Students become disturbed and worried when they find themselves in such

situations and thinking about that stress them up a lot.

Fear. Fear is one of the biggest problems student face each day in and out

in their academic life. Fear in a student can be about failure or talking in public.

When a student has the fear of failure they are always scared to undertake any
27
Page

initiative even when they know it's the right thing to do due to this they always
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

stress up when they are confronted with such situations. It's the same with fear of

talking in public. They always try to escape public so as not to talk.

Future Worries. The thought of how the future will turn out is a burden for

most students, especially if the field of their studies is one that has difficulties in

finding a job. Students get stress up when they think of what they will do in the

future and most of these thoughts is about whether they will be a burden to the

society or they will be an impact of it.

Unrealistic Expectations. There are so many expectations of students

which in the real life seems impossible and most often their colleagues or friends

make fun of them whenever they talk about it. However, these expectations at

times can be attainable but because of how unrealistic they sound it makes them

wonder what they have to do to achieve them and get stressed up finding ways to

do that.

Furthermore, Essel, G. et al. (2017) also stated the techniques on how to

manage stress. Ability to manage stress is really an important issue when it comes

to the topic of stress.

In addition to this, according to Rollinson, D. and Field, A.B., "Organizational

Behavior Analysis" (2001), coping strategies are classified into two types such as

individual level strategies and organizational level strategies. It is briefly explained

below.
28
Page

A) Individual Level Strategies

 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Some persons naturally have more resistance power to cope with stress

than others. The following methods help the individual to cope with stress that they

experience.

1. Relaxation Techniques

One of the greatest problems for the person suffering from stress is that he

or she finds it hard to relax. This technique can help in this respect and is likely to

be beneficial. The person could force himself or herself to take a holiday or even

be ordered to do so. In addition, there are a number of easily taught relaxation

techniques that can be used such as breathing exercises, muscle relaxation and

meditation. The meditation technique is more beneficial to physical and mental

states.

2. Physical Exercise

Regular physical exercise such as jogging, walking and workout in fitness

centres and are helpful. They not only improve blood circulation but also lower

blood pressure, muscle tension and cholesterol levels. It has more subtle effects.

The feeling of general well-being can help to combat some of the symptoms of

stress when people are relaxed; they tend to sleep more soundly. It provides

periods of intense relaxation and enables a person to marshal reserves of energy.

3. Biofeedback

This is a technique of learning to monitor one’s own bodily functioning such

29

as taking pulse rate, check own breathing rate and so on, sometimes with the help
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

of instruments. In biofeedback people are also taught elementary ways of

controlling certain body functions, such as heart rate, muscle tension and blood

pressure, which can help alleviate some of the symptoms of stress.

4. Assertiveness Training

This training method helps to learn to reappraise stressful situations and

address root causes of problems. Assertiveness should not be confused with

aggression. The assertive person is more likely to stand his or her ground and

refuse to be trampled on, whereas aggression is more likely to be an attempt to

trample on someone else. Helping someone to be more assertive is perhaps the

one technique that can encourage people to adopt a more problem-focused

approach to stress, and this type is highly beneficial in the long term.

5. Behavioural Self-control

The aim here is usually to get people to analyse and take control of their

own actions. In this case it is to identify ways in which their behaviour gives rise to

stress. One technique is for people to learn how to manage their time more

effectively and prioritise work tasks. Another is for people to learn to recognize

situations that put them under stress and make plans for handling them so that the

situations are less stressful.

6. Social Support

Social support is one of the best moderators of stress. It is used as a way

30

of coping with stress by discussing stressful situations with colleagues, peers,

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

family members and friends. The social support gives good beneficial effect to

reduce stress. The beneficial effects of work-based support are much greater

because the recipient feels that people can more readily appreciate the problems.

7. Professional Help

If all the above methods fail to help a person to come out of stress then the

level of stress has gone beyond the point. It means he/she is in a dangerous

condition. It must be remembered that it is the severest form of stress. It can be so

debilitating that people may be incapable of working out what to do to alleviate

their symptoms. In this situation even the most devoted friends or family members

fail to cure the stress and their well-intentioned interventions may actually do harm.

The sensible thing to do is that of taking guidance from professional clinical

experts. A wide variety of clinical techniques are available such as counselling,

psychotherapy, behavioural therapies, hypnotherapy or insight oriented

approaches, virtual reality exposure therapy, electro-convulsive therapy, repetitive

transcranial magnetic stimulation, vogues’ nerve stimulation and so on. These

clinical treatments give highly positive outcomes for those under severe stress. It

tends to lower anxiety level and people come to view their job more positively.

B) Organizational Level Strategies

31
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Organizational stress affect large numbers of employees. It affects

employees mentally as well as physically. If it is prolonged then it affects

employees’ performance and growth of the organization. In order to avoid or

reduce employees’ stress, the organization should identify stress creating factors

and take necessary steps to eradicate stress by way of changing the rules,

regulations and organizational strategies.

1. Reducing tasks

2. Redesigning work environments

3. Using more flexible work schedules

4. Using more participative management styles

5. Involving employees in drawing up career development plans

6. Involving employees in establishing their work goals

7. Providing social support and feedback

8. Building cohesive teams

9. Establishing fair employment and rewards practices and so on.

32

Synthesis
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

The essential component of this research is to know how the students

manage stress. Various perceptions of the other researchers and writers can be

found in this study. This research paper is an example of presenting a study

regarding how the HUMSS students manage or deal with stress in SPSHS I.

This research is similar to the study of Essel, G. and Owusu, P. (2017). Both

of these researches want to find out the different strategies on how to manage and

handle stress that the students experience, in or outside the school. Both of these

researches want to find out the different strategies on how to manage and handle

stress that a student experience. The existing study aims to assist HUMSS

students on how they are going to manage stress.

Also, the present study that has been conduct will analyze how the students

manage their stress. This will also consider how the corresponding statements

from the experts relieve one’s stress.

33

CHAPTER III
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the methods and the procedures that were used by

the researchers during the study. Here, the researchers discussed the research

design, subject of the study and its sampling strategy, data gathering instrument

and gathering data procedure.

Research Design

In this study, the researchers wanted to find out how the target population

managed stress through phenomenology approach as its research design.

Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the

commonality of a lived experience within a particular group. The fundamental goal

of the approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of the particular

phenomenon (Creswell, 2013).

This approach was the most suitable research design for the research study

since the researchers wanted to know the deeper details about stress

management based on their lived experiences. This study focused on the analysis

of how the HUMSS 11 and 12 students in San Pascual Senior High School I

managed stress.
34
Page

Subject of the Study

 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

The subjects of this study that are chosen by the researchers is composed

of 16 students from Grade 11 and 12 under the Humanities and Social Sciences

strand of San Pascual Senior High School I.

Purposive Sampling was the type of sampling strategy that used in the

study. This referred to a technique where the researchers set all standards in

selecting respondents with a major characterized being the significant of data can

be drawn from them specifically. In this sampling type, sample based on

characteristic were purposive is the main purpose in conducting a research which

is not to generalize, but to focus on particular study or subject.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers already gathered and produced some information on how

to manage and deal with stress. Thus, for further and better understanding of the

study being conducted, the researchers formulate questions that used in the

interview that to gather necessary information.

These set of questions are composed of the reasons that triggers them to

feel stressed and the ways that used to alleviate and manage stress. The selected

HUMSS students answered the given questions about stress based on their

experiences. It also included how stress affect them when it comes to their

physical, mental, academic and social aspect. Prior to this, the researchers also
35

used naturalistic observation in order to monitor the behavior of the target

Page

respondents on how they react or respond on various circumstances.

 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Finally, the data that they gathered were analyzed, tabulated and

interpreted to be able to arrive at the conclusion.

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the researchers go through the classrooms of the target

respondents, they prepared themselves as well as the questions that they will ask.

With the consent of their research teacher as well as the subject teacher of the

Grade 11 and 12 Humanities and Social Sciences students, the researchers

interviewed first some of the students who experienced and currently experiencing

stress and asked them about what they know about stress and how they manage

it.

Furthermore, the researcher made a second round of interview that focused

on the effect of stress and stress management to the lives of the Grade 11 and 12

Humanities and Social Sciences students. They frequently asked questions to

students who experience stress. The questions contained what are the causes of

their stress, how do they manage it and what are the activities that they do affect

by stress.

Lastly, after all the procedure of gathering data, the researchers carefully

and critically analyzed the answers to arrive at meaningful results.

CHAPTER IV
36

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

This chapter presented, analyzed and interpreted the data gathered from

the interviews among Humanities and Social Sciences students regarding stress

management.

1. Causes of Stress

Nowadays, students are experiencing stress because of the following

reasons that the researchers determined below:

37

Figure 1
Page

Causes of Stress among the HUMSS Students

 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

School Issues and Activities Family Problem

SHSS1HUMSS11Tolkein: Mga SHSS2HUMSS11Tolkein: Nagbibigay

gawain ay hindi mo nagagawa lahat sa 'yo ng pressure

SHSS3HUMSS11Homer: Pagpasok SHSS4HUMSS11Homer: Sabay-

ng maaga sabay na gawain sa bahay

SHSS4HUMSS11Homer: Pagkagaling SHSS9HUMSS11Shakespeare: Mga

sa school may trabaho pa ako sinasabi ng family mo tungkol sa 'yo

SHSS6HUMSS11Browning: May SHSS11HUMSS12Plato: Family

nakakaaway sa paaralan Conflict

SHSS7HUMSS11Rowling: Madaming SHS13HUMSS12Plato: Kapag hindi

ginagawa nakakapag-linis ng bahay. Mga
responsibilidad.

SHSS8HUMSS11Rowling: Sabay- SHSS16HUMSS12Socrates:

sabay ang gawain Pagkadating may misa lagi.

SHSS9HUMSS11Shakespeare: 'Yung
school work po

SHSS11HUMSS12Plato: Activities sa
school

SHS14HUMSS12Socrates: Patong-
patong na gawain

SHS16HUMSS12Socrates: Maraming
project

The table showed the causes of stress among the students of San Pascual
38

Senior High School I. Based on the interpreted data above, the researchers
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

gathered the most frequent answers that HUMSS students experienced, these are:

school issues and activities and family problem. Ten out of 16 respondents

responded that the main cause of having stress comes from school issues and

activities.

The factors that they have encountered are: doing a lot of paperworks,

activities and projects. Sometimes these paperworks have the same due dates

and the time that a student spare time is not enough to finish the activities at all.

Likewise, waking up early and having inappropriate time for sleep because of doing

various paperworks also cause stress.

On the other hand, six out of 16 students answered that the root of their

stress came from the family problems and issues that they have encountered in

their homes. Some of the issues that they have encountered most of the time at

their homes are family conflict, the pressure coming from their parents' mouth, the

responsibilities in home such as doing household chores and the exhortation from

their parents.

According to Stoppler et. al. M.D. (n.d), people who are poorly nourished,

who get inadequate sleep or who are physically unwell also have reduced

capabilities to handle the pressures and stresses of everyday life and may report

higher stress levels. Some stressor are particularly associated with certain age,

groups or life stages. Children, teens, college students, working parents and

seniors are example of the groups who often face common stressor related to life
39
Page

transitions. To some people, the effect is minimal which means, they are able to
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

endure pressure while in others the effect is enormous and have an adverse effect.

If it is not prevented as early as possible, it can be lead to a severe mental health

problem such as depression.

SHSS4HUMSS11Homer:
Nakikinig lang ako ng music.
To sum up, the major
Listening activities of the students affected by stress arebtheir
to Music

school performance, time and relationshipSHSS10HUMSS11Shakespeare:

with their family and the time with
Makinig lang sa music.
friends and themselves. This means that stress really affect their physical,

emotional, mental and social aspects.

Stress is an emotional negative factor that is suppressed. Experiencing

stress means they suffer quietly because it is more often held inside. Surviving in

everyday stress can be difficult. Stress build-up if not resolved, continues day after

day.

2. Managing Stress

There are many effective ways to handle stress. The diagram below shows

the responses of the students in the interview that has been conducted regarding

how they manage stress.

Figure 2
40

Ways on Managing Stress of Select HUMSS Students

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Being Optimistic SHSS9HUMSSS9Shakespeare:

Positivity lang sa sarili.

SHSS14HUMSSSocrates: Ano...
always think positive lang.
Ways on
Managing
Stress SHSS2HUMSS11Tolkein:
Tutulog... 'Yun lang para
mabawasan ang stress.

SHSS8HUMSS11Rowling:
Pahinga lang ang ano ko.. at 'yung
Having Relaxation ano hindi mo naman kasi
kailangang sunod-sunudin 'yung
gawain mo.

SHSS10HUMSS12Shakespeare:
Madalas na pagdadasal.

Praying SHSS3HUMSS11Homer:
Commitment saka ano... every
Sunday... ano, may pinupuntahan
kami, ganyan. Sa church.

Based on the gathered data, the students have their own way on how to
41

Having Time SHSS11HUMSS12Plato: Para sa akin,

Management
alleviate and manage time management.
stress that they have experienced as shown in the figure.
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

As a matter of fact, they have their own way on how to manage stress that

they have experienced. Two out of 16 subjects stated that by just simply listening

to their favorite playlist, they felt relaxed and relieved that often brings out negative

emotions. Aside from this, the longer they avoid with the stress factors, the more

stress will build up—being optimistic is one of the best medicines to deal with

stress.

The subjects also responded having relaxation as their way to manage

stress. Relaxation is key if they cannot reduce the stressors because not all

students can relax when the pressure is on. They also answered praying as their

way on managing stress that can also initiate a relaxation response. Lastly, 1 out

of 16 subjects, having time management was also included.

Stress is a reality which have to be faced in everyday life. There are

situations when people start to feel out of help and start to disturb emotionally and

other stressor. Many people consider stress as an incident that happened to them

such as injury or job loss (Centre, 2010). Others think stress is some kind of

changes which happen to the physical body, behavior and mind or over thoughts

about situation.

Any situation which causes frustration can also be cause of stress.

Everyone has different skill and capabilities so their style of handling the situations

could also differ and it is same for stress level for each person. It is possible that

stress level will be different for two persons who are facing same situations. It
42
Page

depends on which kind of stressor affects them both. Stress is not an extraordinary
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

thing it is just the part of daily life. And it has a good effect if its amount is not too

much. It can improve the motivation and also helps to improve productivity

(Centre, 2010).

3. Keeping Stress Under Control

The table shows the proposed plan activities of the researchers to enhance

the ways to reduce or control stress.

43

Figure 3
Page

Plan of Action
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Objectives Title of the How to Employ Key Players Time

Activity Frame
To have Oplan "Tulog Follow the time Grade 11 and
enough hours na, hindi ka frame pattern. 12 HUMSS
Every night
of sleep niya mahal" Set their own Students
limits.
Researchers

To manage a Have a Facilitate a Grade 11 and

counselling break, time to counselling 12 HUMSS
Every last
session share (HBTS session with the Students
Friday of
Project) guide of
Researchers the Month
Guidance
(2:00-3:00
Counsilor. Guidance
PM)
Counsilor
Teachers

To make a Time Diaries The students Grade 11 and

time frame for will make a time 12 HUMSS
time frame on how Students
management they will Everyday
Researchers
consume their (7:00-8:00
time on a PM)
notebook that
will serve as
their diary too.

To have an Share Mo In every Grade 11 and

open-forum Lang? classroom, the 12 HUMSS
Depends
session in President will Students
on their
every facilitate an
Class Vacant
classroom to open-forum
President Time
share their session with
problems their fellow Researchers
students.
44
Page

CHAPTER V
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions drawn and the recommendations

made as an outgrowth of this study. This study focused on the Stress Management

of the students.

Conclusions

This section has drawn the following conclusions of the current study.

1. The main reasons of the HUMSS Students why they feel stressed were

the school issues and activities and family problems.

2. They have their way to alleviate and manage stress such as listening to

music, being optimistic, having relaxation, praying and having time management.

3. The strategic plan to lessen the Effects of Stress are entitled Oplan: Tulog

na, 'di ka na niya mahal, Have a break, Time to Share (HBTS Project), Time Diaries

and Share Mo Lang?

Recommendations

In this section, the recommendations of the current study were presented.

1. They should make a time frame pattern for them to manage their time in
45

making school activities and their responsibilities within the family.

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

2. Students must know that there are more many effective ways to survive

and alleviate stress.

3. For the future researchers that may conduct this study, they must focus

on the causes and effects of stress and the possible long term effects of it.

46

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Dealing with Stress - Ten Tips. Retrieved from

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ps/stress-tip.html. Retrieved on July 7, 2018.

Definition of Stress. Retrieved from

https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20104. Retrieved on

July 7, 2018.

Effects of Stress on Academic Performance of Students. Retrieved from

https://bohatala.com/effect-of-stress-on-academic-performance-of-students.

Retrieved on July 7, 2018.

Essel, George and Owusu, Patrick, Thesis: Causes of Students’ Stress, Its Effects

on their Academic Success, and Stress Management by Students. Finland:

Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, 2017.

Managing Stress. Retrieved from https://www.st-

andrews.ac.uk/students/advice/leaflets/stress. Retrieved on July 6, 2018.

Rollinson, Derrick and Field, Ayen B., "Organizational Behaviour Analysis — An

Integrated Approach", Prentice Hall, 2001, pp. 277-313.

Stress & Anxiety. Retrieved from https://students.ubc.ca/health-wellness/self-

help/stress-anxiety. Retrieved on July 6, 2018.

Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent and Cope With Stress. Retrieved

from https://www.brainline.org/article/stress-management-how-reduce-prevent-
47

and-cope-stress. Retrieved on July 7, 2018.

Page
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

Stress Management Techniques & Tips To Prevent Burn Out. Retrieved from

https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/stress-management-techniques-tips-

burn-out/. Retrieved on July 7, 2018.

Stress: Ways to Manage and Reduce It. Retrieved from

https://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/tips-to-control-stress. Retrieved on July 7,

2018.

48
Page

CURRICULUM VITAE
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Alyssa Mae Combalicer

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: September 21, 2001

Address: Sta. Rita, Batangas City

Email Address: alysxcombalicer@gmail.com

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Language: Filipino and English

Father: Alfredo G. Ba-al

Mother: Melbuena C. Ba-al

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary: San Pascual National High School

Elementary: Calicanto Elementary School

49
Page

CURRICULUM VITAE
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Diosa C. Maranan

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: December 19, 2000

Address: Sta. Rita Ilaya, Batangas City

Email Address: maranandiosa@yahoo.com.ph

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Language: Filipino and English

Father: Fernando Maranan

Mother: Dominga Maranan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary: San Pascual National High School

Elementary: Sta. Rita Elementary School

50
Page

CURRICULUM VITAE
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Bryan G. dela Vega

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: June 06, 2000

Address: Poblacion, San Pascual, Batangas

Email Address: Bryandelavega06@gmail.com

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Language: Filipino and English

Father: Jovencio Rico dela Vega

Mother: Nica Gusi dela Vega

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary: San Pascual National High School

Elementary: Pinangtung-ulan Elementary School

51
Page

CURRICULUM VITAE
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Kristel Marie S. Comia

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: December 14, 1998

Address: Salvador St., Sta. Rita, Batangas City

Email Address: kristelcomia@yahoo.com

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Language: Filipino and English

Father: Andres F. Comia

Mother: Ma. Delia S. Comia

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary: San Pascual National High School

Elementary: Sta. Rita Elementary School

52
Page

CURRICULUM VITAE
 SAN PASCUAL SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL I

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Wenson M. Oliva

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: July 13, 2001

Address: Antipolo, San Pascual, Batangas

Email Address: wensonoliva@gmail.com

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Language: Filipino

Father: Flaviano M. Oliva

Mother: Minerva M. Oliva

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary: Francisco G. Perez National High School

Elementary: Natunuan North Elementary School

53
Page