OLVASASKESZSEG « 1. feladat Ebben a feladatban egy angol nyelvd széveg elolvasdsa utén magyar kér- désekre magyar nyelven kell valaszolni; a kérdések sz4ma Altalaban 6-8. A feladatlapon szerepel a kérdés megvdlaszolésdval szerezhet6 pontsz4m, s ez fontos tampontot ad az elvart valasz terjedelmére, az informaciék szAméra. Nem varunk el egész mondatos megoldasokat, a valaszok meg- fogalmazésa lehet felsoroldsszerG, vazlatos. Fontos azonban, hogy az adott kérdésre valaszoljon. A redundéns informécidért nem jar pont, de pontlevonds sem. Amikor hozzAfog a feladat megold4sdhoz, érdemes el6szér végigolvasni a kérdéseket, majd az angol nyelvdi szdveget, hogy minél kevesebb sz6ta- rozAssal a lényeg érthet6vé valjon. Ezutén érdemes ,tfésiilni” (scanning) a szbveget, és megkeresni a valaszokat az egyes kérdésekre. A valaszokat akar ald is hdzhatja vagy a kérdések sz4méval jeldlheti, hogy utana kony- nyebben megtalélja és gyorsabban lefrhassa azokat a megoldélapra. Az olvasottsdg és a passziv sz6kincs ennél a feladatnal fontos, akércsak a kézvetitésnél, hiszen nem kell és nem is aj4nlatos mindent leforditani; a széveg hossza és a rendelkezésre Allé id6 ezt nem is teszi lehet6vé. ‘A vizsgadolgozatok javitasakor a helyes informécidkat pipdljuk, és a pontszdmokat dsszeadjuk. A maximélisan elérhet6 pontszdm 20. A Entékelési titmutatéban bemutatjuk hérom szévegértési feladat rész- letes javitokulcsdt, amelyben szemléltetjiik a j6, a még elfogadhaté és a hibds megold4sokat is. Természetesen a helyes vélaszokat tobbféleképpen meg lehet fogalmazni, ezeket a ,varidcidkat” délt vonallal valasztottuk el. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 44.Mc Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi szoveget, majd annak alapjan vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Children welcome? No, in Britain. Yes, in Budapest The police stared menacingly as we drove forward while trying to get home. Part of downtown Budapest was sealed off because of a mass demonstration. There were traffic jams everywhere. But the policemen smiled and made way, signalling their colleagues to do the same, on spotting our two young children. What a contrast with Luton airport, a few hours earlier. There, security officers confiscated the children’s vitamin D drops and skin cream — both prescribed medicines - from our hand luggage, brushing aside our protests. Our trip opened my eyes to the differences in attitude to children between Britain and elsewhere. Perhaps it is not so surprising that a recent UNICEF re- port ranked Britain and America last out of 21 developed nations in a table of children’s welfare, after taking into account education, health, safety, family and peer relationships, material wealth and other factors. Denmark was ranked the best place for children. We are all too ready to lecture the new EU member states on what they must do to reach our “civilised” standards, yet there is a lot they could teach us about family values. Everyday politeness - courtesy and respect for elders - that has all but vanished from Britain still thrives in Central and Eastern Europe. The family has retained its central place in society and children are valued above all else. In some ways the whole region, sealed off from the great Western European up- heavals of the 1960s, including feminism and lifestyle Politics, has been “frozen in time”. In Budapest strangers exchange greetings in lifts, wishing each other good morning or evening and saying goodbye when they leave. Hungarian children greet their elders with the phrase csékolom - short for “I kiss your hand” — which is both archaic and undeniably appealing. Old ladies are always ready with advice that the tot is overdressed or under- dressed according to the weather. Hungarians of all ages give up their seats on public transport to mothers and fathers with children. Prams and clothes are passed on from mother to mother on semi-permanent loan. In Hungary, parents and grandparents often move house to be near to one another. Grandparents are happy to bring cooked food and meals for their grandchildren if the parents are working. Families are used to living together here, and used to handling children. It’s passed on from one generation to an- other. 12 ORIGO-NYELWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOWhen we got off the plane at Budapest airport, my wife took our son, Danny, aged 3, to the toilet. Two British women were already waiting. In Hungary it is automatic for mothers with children to go first, but the women spluttered indig- nantly when Danny and his mum headed for the cubicle. “There’s a queue, you know,” one of the women barked. Not here, dear. 1. Mi volt a cikkiré pozitiv élménye egy budapesti tiintetés alkalmdval¢ (3 pont) 2. Ezzel szemben milyen kellemetlenség érte Anglidban az induldskor? (2 pont) 3. Milyen besoroldst kapott a gyerekek j6létét tekintve Nagy-Britannia az UNICEF jelentésében¢ (3 pont) 4, Mit tanithatndnak az tj EU-tagok a régieknek¢ (4 pont) 5. Mit vett észre a cikk ir5ja Magyarorszdgon a készinéssel kapcsolatban?. (2 pont) 6. Hogyan reagdlnak az idds holgyek a kisgyerekekre Magyarorszagon? (1 pont) 7. Milyen egyéb pozitiv jelenségekkel taldlkozott a szerz6 Magyarorszdgon¢ (5 pont) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO2. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi sedveget, majd annak alapjdn vdlaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Harry Potter and the lost desert grave of a teenage ish hero For 65 years the family of heroic boy soldier Private* Harry Potter had tried des- perately to find his final resting place. All they knew about the 16-year-old who had lied about his age and marched off ready to fight for his country in 1937 was that he had been killed and buried somewhere in Palestine. But now his grave has been rediscovered by devotees of an entirely different Harry Potter ~ the boy wizard from J. K. Rowling’s world-famous books. And Pte Potter’s grave has been transformed into a shrine for J.K. Rowling enthusiasts from all over the world. So many flowers and messages have been left there that the inscription detailing the fate of the real Harry Potter — killed in action at Hebron, Israel on July 22, 1939, aged 19 - has almost become obscured. The headstone was first noticed by local admirers of J. K. Rowling’s creation and word quickly spread in Israel, where the books and films have become im- mensely popular. The news about Potter’s grave was soon picked up by the local paper and, back in England, attracted the attention of the soldier’s nephew, Alan Hinton, 54, who had been carrying out Internet searches for information about his uncle. Now the local mayor has invited Pte Potter’s family to visit so they can finally pay their last respects. The family is pleased the story of Pte Potter’s life is at- tracting so much attention, even if the interest was sparked by a simple coinci- dence of names. Pte Potter was actually just 18 when he died, having lied about his birthday to join the Army at the age of 16 in January 1937. After a few weeks’ training with the 1* Battalion, the Worcestershire Regiment, he was assigned to its Mo- tor Transport division and sent to Palestine, where a rebellion had broken out against the British mandate. Ten months later he is believed to have been shot by a sniper, although his parents were never told the exact circumstances of his death. Attempts were made to dissuade Harry from joining up, but the high- spirited teenager had a good practical reason for wanting to leave home: with three sisters and four younger brothers, the family’s three-bedroom house was uncomfortably overcrowded. His sister, now 82, said: “Harry wanted to see a bit more of the world. He’d left school at 14 and worked for six months fixing roller skates, but then joined the carpet factory to bring in a bit more money.” * Private/Pte = kézlegény 14 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOPotter’s body lies in a Commonwealth war cemetery near Tel Aviv, | city of Israel. He was buried with 6,000 other war dead and of- had until now been unable to pinpoint the location of his grave for the family has another reason to be glad that the grave has been found. Now er can be remembered properly. They were disappointed when they for his name to be engraved on the war memorial in his home town and request was rejected because the soldier had died five weeks before the k of the Second World War. |. Hol és mit taldltaké (3 pont) 2. Kik fedezték fel a cikkeben emlitett helyet, és mivé vdltoztattak¢ (2 pont) Kicsoda Alan Hinton, és hogyan jutott el hozzd a hir¢ (3 pont) ‘4. Hogyan keriilt Potter Palesztindba (3 pont) 5, Milyen személyes okok vezették Pottert elhatdrozdsdrat (3 pont) 6. Mié tudta eddig a csaldd, hogy hol van eltemetve Harry? (2 pont) acsalad a felfedezésnek¢ (4 pomt) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO3. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi széveget, majd anak alapjdn vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! The tyranny of the gym “Smell that?” asks Brocas Burrows as he takes me around three floors of gym- nasium at the Third Space health club near Piccadilly Circus in London. “Now you mention it, yes. Very nice.” “That’s the kind of thing people pay to come here for. It’s the little touches that make it special. Everywhere you go in the Third Space, it smells good”, says Brocas, the club’s duty manager. I’m scenting gardenias, lilacs and, unless I'm mistaken, a hint of the palm-fringed island in the Indian Ocean on a summer’s morning. Which is much better than the smell of armpit, stale lager and concentrate of uncleaned toilet that my council-run gym offers. It’s the little things that make people choose the Third Space, one of Lon- don’s posh health clubs. “Everything has to be pristine,” says Brocas. “That’s why there are warm, clean towels everywhere, the changing rooms are spotless and the whole vibe is warm.” “The philosophy is that you have three spaces in your life - home, work and here,” says Brocas. “It’s the third most important space in our members’ lives - and for some of them it’s even higher. It’s a spiritual centre in a way.” The third space in people's lives used to be the church, or the pub. Now, at least for a growing minority of Britons, it is the health club. “Some just come for a steam and a shower before they go out for the night. Some seem never to be any- where but here. They work out, send some emails, have something to eat, read the papers, just hang. It’s a great place to be.” Third Space members can use three floors of gym equipment (the running machines have individual TV screens), a 20m ozone-treated pool (the ozone prevents the chlorine from making your eyes sting) complete with chill-out mu- sic and soothing wood panelling. They have a boxing ring, a climbing wall and there’s something called hypoxic training chamber which, by reducing oxygen in its atmosphere, simulates what it’s like to work out at 8,500ft. As for personal training (which costs £40 an hour), the Third Space lists 29 trainers on its web- site. “Most of our members are very time-poor,” says Brocas as we visit Fresh and Wild, the club’s two-storey organic foods supermarket. “The lack of time means that we tailor our services so people can get the most out of the experi- ence. That’s why in our medical centre you can see a GP at lunchtime without having to take the morning off or having to go back to where you live. You'll find they come here for a workout after the office, then go to the supermarket and 16 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO.Imon fillet and some couscous, and warm it up when they get home. Yt have to go anywhere else during their day. It’s all about convenience facility that the Third Space is particularly keen on promoting is the Wash, Fold service. You pay £35 for 10 washes; for each wash you may drop up items of sweaty gym clothing at a designated point and find them fully and returned to your locker 24 hours later. Mi volt a cikk irdjanak az elsé pozitiv élménye az egészségmegdrz6 klubbane (4 pont) Milyen a tandcs dltal iizemeltett tornaterem? (3 pont) Mennyi idét téltenek itt az emberek¢ (2 pont) Milyen sportoldsi lehetdségeket és szolgdltatdsokat nysjt a klub a tagoknake (6 pont) 5, Milyen szolgdltatdsokat emlit a menedzser az idhidnyban szenvedd emberek igényeinek kielégitésére¢ Hogyan mikédik a , mosds-szdritas” szolgdltatds¢ Részletezze! (3 pont) (5 pont) AKADEMIAI KIADO ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEKa 4. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi szdveget, majd annak alapjan vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Would you want to live on a remote, cold island? If you’re lucky, you can As the winners of an international competition to live on a Scottish outpost, “the Americans” Tom Hyndman, who is 44, his wife Liz Musser, 45, and their son Henry, who will celebrate his sixth birthday this week - have become the island’s newest residents. It is almost two months since they left Saratoga Springs in New York State, Population 19.2 million, and started their new life on this small island, population 73. Situated halfway between Shetland and Orkney, off the north-eastern tip of Scotland, it is the most remote inhabited island in Britain. They left behind the 21 pupils in Henry’s class, as well as friends, family, good careers - she worked as a photographer and TV producer, while he ran a successful business making hats — and a city bustling with lots of restaurants, department stores, museums, cinemas and art galleries. Now, Henry shares a class with one other pupil; there are a total of eight in the school. There is no pub, hotel or restaurant, no doctor or resident nurse; but there is one small shop (closed Tuesdays and Thursdays) and a world-famous bird observatory. The weather is so bad that, when planning a trip, islanders often allow five days just to get to Shetland — last summer there were hardly any flights off the island because of fog. The island, a short flight or a two-and-a-half-hour ferry ride from Shetland, can be cut off by bad weather for days on end. The Americans were chosen last year from over 800 who responded to an SOS for new residents from the island’s owner, the National Trust for Scotland (NTS), which bought it in 1954. The most common reasons given by applicants keen for a new life are the need to get away from the city and to raise their children in a crime-free environment. Judging by the response to the NTS’s ap- Peals, there is clearly no shortage of people eager to give up their amenities and suburban comforts, even their pension plans, to escape to one of Scotland’s 90 inhabited islands, 44 of which have fewer than 20 residents. When an SOS goes out, it is presented as an invitation to an idyll where chil- dren will be raised to skip cheerfully through the kitchens of neighbours, never encountering a locked door, speeding car, or drug pusher. But is the reality as blissful as this peaceful and romantic popular portrayal? “In many ways it has exceeded our expectations and | sometimes think we are still in this infatuation, honeymoon period,” says Liz. “But there are immense 18 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOchallenges. Simple things that we'd take for granted back home can become hugely problematic.” Still, they are optimistic. So the big question: why make such a life-altering move? Liz, who grew up in southern California, initially heard the Fair Isle appeal on a radio show while stuck in rush-hour traffic. When she got home she told her husband it was time for a change. 4. Hova kéltézétt a Hyndman csalad? (1 pont) 2. Milyen vdltozdsokat jelent ez a csalddtagok életében¢ (2 pont) 3. Mi mindenrél kellett lemondaniuke (2 pont) 4. Mi van és mi nincs a szigeten¢ (4 pont) 5, Milyen kézlekedési lehetdségek vannak a szigetrol¢ (2 pont) 6 Mit tudunk meg az NTS-r1, és hogyan keriilt vel kapesolatha acsalad? (3 pont) 7, Mivel indokoljdk dltaldban a jelentkez6k, hogy tj életet akarnak kezdeni¢ (2 pont) 8. Mit igérnek az S. O. S. felhivasok a szigetre koltézdkenek? (4 pont) ORIGO-NYELWIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO5. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi széveget, majd annak alapjan vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Charles buys remote Welsh estate — for himself and as a nice little earner At first glance it does not seem to be a home fit for a future king. Nestling in a remote spot in south-west Wales, the farmhouse boasts only three bedrooms, the crumbling outbuildings need work and the gardens are not all they could be. But look a little closer at the estate and it is possible to see why the prince has decided that this is to be his first home in Wales. That remoteness which would put others off would attract the prince, who so values his privacy. He must also have been charmed by the area’s legendary links to alternative medicine and its modern connections to organic farming and tural crafts. The prince hopes that the estate could be used as a training centre for local young people, and the prince’s people also revealed that permission would be applied for to extend the house so it could be rented out as a holiday home. Pay- ing guests, it was promised, would be able to range freely over the house and even sleep in the royal couple’s bedroom. For that, locals said yesterday, the prince might expect more than the £300 a week that other cottages in the area often earn. The prince is hoping to use local craftspeople in the renovation work - if, that is, there are any local people to find. In recent years the pub, post office and the school in the village, Myddfai, have all closed down because there are not enough permanent residents to use them. Many cottages in this Welsh-speaking area are second homes, owned by rich businesspeople, or are let out to holiday- makers. Prince Charles, it seems, may be adding to the problem. Some question why the prince needs a rural hideaway in Wales. And, of course, if he and Camilla fancy a change of scene, he has a range of royal resi- dences to choose from. Some nationalists will be dismayed by the prince’s new Welsh bolthole. But most people in Myddfai were cautiously positive. They hope Charles’ arrival will be a boost for the local economy. He is a supporter of the farming community and so will be welcome because of that. The history of the estate, which dates back at least to the 17" century, is fasci- nating. The origins of the unusual Welsh name, which means Wormwood Grove, may be bound up with the legendary Physicians of Myddfai, doctors renowned across Europe because of their knowledge of herbs. The Physicians are reputed to have been bequeathed their knowledge by the Lady of the Lake, who van- ished into the waters in unhappy circumstances and is said to haunt the area. 20. ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOFarmers still grow medicinal herbs in the area and as a champion of alterna- medicine, the prince will, no doubt, be interested in learning more. More prosaically, estate agents said the royal link was bound to make house ‘prices rise. “Having a neighbour like this in the area can only mean that property ices will go one way: up.” 4. Miért nem tinik kirdlyhoz mélténak Kéroly herceg tij ingatlanat (4 pont) 2, Mi biivilhette mégis el benne a herceget? (4 pont) 3. Milyen tervei vannak a hercegnek tj szerzeményével? (4 pont) 4. Mit igérnek majd a vendégeknek, és mennyiéri? (3 pont) 5, Milyen legendarél tesz emulitést a cikk a falu nevével kapcsolatban? (2 pont) 6. Mit tudunk meg a cikkbél a ,T6 Hélgyérdl”¢ (3 pont) AKADEMIAI KIADO 21 ORIGO-NYELWVIZSGAKONYVEK6. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi széveget, majd annak alapjan vilaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Three masterpieces vanish without trace For the guards at Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester it was just another quiet Sunday morning. But as they prepared to unlock the doors and let in the visitors, staff realised with horror that three of their most prized pictures had vanished from the collection. The Whitworth, founded in 1889 with a bequest left by the Stockport-born engineer Sir Joseph Whitworth, is internationally renowned for its collection. The timing of the raid, and the care with which it appears to have been carried out, indicates the foresight and organisation of the thieves who snatched the pictures. By the time the theft was discovered, the pictures were probably miles away; possibly even out of the country. “It isn’t usually an inside job in these cases,” said Alexandra Smith, operations manager at the Art Loss Register, which monitors stolen works. “It is often done by outsiders who have worked out the security system, identified the most valuable paintings and planned an entry and escape route meticulously.” “Their methods may be as simple as hiding inside at closing time, when other people are leaving,” said Dick Ellis, an art risk consultant. The Whitworth has been particularly busy recently thanks to the success of its exhibition of pho- tographs, and the hordes of visitors would have provided plenty of cover for thieves who wanted to get information before the raid. While art lovers often imagine that paintings are stolen to order for unscrupu- lous collectors, experts say most art thefts are carried out for ransoms or so that the works can be used as collateral for criminal deals. “If people have stolen them for ransom it is very likely that in a few months’ time the people who have the pictures will contact the police, insurance compa- ny or the gallery itself and say they can get access to the painting and get it back if someone is willing to pay money,” Ms Smith said. “Or they are more likely to trade on the black market where the paintings can be used instead of money in drug deals and for gun running. Money is traceable, but pictures can change hands much more easily and can cross over borders without being detected.” But even if the Whitworth manages to recover the pieces, the sad truth is that the works returned to it may bear little resemblance to the works it lost. “One of the big concerns in this case must be that because these are water colours they need to be looked after rather more than oils,” Mr Ellis said. “If the recovery takes some time - which is quite likely, because the statistics show that 22 ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO\g being destroyed. Hogyan keletkezett a galériat elgondoldsat¢ véleménye¢ period of recovery is seven years after the time of theft - and you have. our which has been looked after incorrectly, there’s a great danger of ikor fedezte fel a miikincslopdst a galéria személyzete? Mit gondol Alexandra Smith az ilyen jellegti lopasokrol¢ “Mit gondol Dick Ellis a betorok médszerérd, és mi tamaszija ald Miért lopnak mikincseket a mitkedveldk szerint, és mi a szakéntoe Mit gondol Ms Smith a képek tovabbi sorsdval kapcsolatban¢ y Mi térténik dltaldban az ellopott képekkel a feketepiacon? ‘Miért aggédik Mr Ellis a képek sorsa miatte (2 pont) (1 pont) (4 pont) (4 pont) (2 pont) (3 pont) (4 pont) (3 pont) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 23= 1. feladat 7. Olvassa el figyelmesen az alabbi széveget, majd annak alapjan vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Beavers could be successfully reintroduced to England Beavers could be successfully reintroduced to England and could help restore and conserve rivers, according to the government’s ecological advisers. But convincing landowners and other rural groups of their benefits could mean it is many years before the furry mammals and their distinctive dams are seen again in the wild. A major scientific study of all English rivers has identified six areas with the most suitable habitats. Beavers need 2km lengths of river away from human populations, water at least 60cm deep and ideally willow and poplar trees on the river bank. Despite their notoriety for nibbling their way through trees to create their immense dams, according to the report by Natural England, they could have a significant, but largely positive effect on English rivers and wildlife. Studies from all over the world have shown that they can increase the variety of plants, birds, fish and mammals. At the same time their dam-building habit can also in- crease flooding, damage crops and may affect some fish populations. Beavers were a natural part of the British countryside until they were hunted to extinction for their fur and the secretion from their scent glands, which was believed to have medicinal properties. They mostly died out in the 16"" century, although there is evidence some hung on until the 18" century in some northern rivers. Several beavers are to be introduced to a remote part of Scotland in May following a 10-year long battle between conservationists and landowners, and there are plans to reintroduce them in Wales. Reintroductions have been successfully made in most mainland European countries but the report says there needs to be wide public consultation before going ahead in England. “There is a strong possibility that beavers could do well in England. But they are not going to come for some time. Reintroducing them is time consuming and expensive. They could have a range of environmental ben- efits but could only be reintroduced under the right conditions,” said Natural England’s chief scientist. Polls suggest that the public would be in favour, but many landowners and farmers are dubious. “The English countryside has changed enormously since beavers were last seen here in large numbers,” said the Country Landowners Association’s president. “We have a landscape unlike that of much of the rest of the world - one that has been actively farmed for hundreds of years.” 24 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO.“Our biggest concern is where the beaver would fit into today’s modern, ing English countryside. Beavers will destroy crops — particularly wheat and ize. Dams will restrict migration for other species. And beaver burrows will age river banks and will increase the risk of flooding.” The National Farmers Union’s adviser said consultation with stakeholders wuld be crucial. 4. Mit dllitanak a hédokrél a kormany kérnyezetvédelmi tandcsadéi¢ (2 pont) 2. Kiket kell még meggydzni a tervrdlé (2 pont) 3. Milyen éléhelyre van sziikségiik a hédoknake (4 pont) | 4. Milyen vonatkozasban emliti a szbveg a 16. és 18. szdzadot¢ (3 pont) 5. Mit dilit a Féldbirtokosok Szévetségének elndke a brit vidékrolt (2 pont) 6. Miben kiilnbozik a taj a vildg sok mds részéto1? (1 pont) 7. Milyen kdrokat fognak szerinte az dllatok okozni¢ (6 pont) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 25.8 Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi szdveget, majd annak alapjan vilaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Family history In 1854, a black slave named Archibald Monteith dictated an account of his re- markable life to a missionary. As a child, Archibald had been transported from his native Nigeria to work on the Jamaican sugar plantations, travelling on one of the last slave ships to cross the Atlantic before the abolition of the British trade in 1807. This detailed biography, which recorded his spiritual beliefs as well as his struggle to buy his own freedom, was circulated in Christian periodicals across the globe. Whether he was aware of it or not, Archibald had also set down a document that would provide future generations with something unique among those descended from slave stock: a family history. Nearly two centuries later, Archibald’s great-great-great-grandson David Monteith recalls the moment when he first became aware of his extraordinary ancestor. “When | was eight, | remember | asked out a girl at school and she was white, and she said to me, ’You’d be all right if you were white.’ | remember go- ing home and telling my mum that | wished | was white, and she sat me down and told me about ancient black civilisations, just trying to root me, and that was when | really became aware of Archibald being part of the family history.” David is a 38-year-old Londoner, who works as an actor. His own parents moved to the UK from Jamaica in the 1960s, and he was born in this country. But the memory of Archibald has remained powerful since his youth, and last year he decided to retrace his ancestor’s passage from Nigeria, a journey that would confront his sense of family history in the most unexpected of ways. David first travelled to Nigeria, to the port where Archibald recorded board- ing a slave ship bound for the Caribbean and the area where his ancestor was likely to have been born, and spoke to the current elders of that community. David then travelled to Jamaica, where most of his family still live. Almost eve- ry Jamaican is descended from slaves, and the island was Britain’s largest slave colony. There he uncovered documentation of Archibald’s purchase. His original slave name was Toby, but he was later baptised and renamed Archibald. Mon- teith was the name of the slave-owning family that bought him. David is aware that he is in a special position. “I think everyone has an innate desire to know where they’ve come from. But it’s a lot easier for Europeans and others because those records exist.” In Jamaica, no other family is able to trace their family tree as far back as the Monteiths. 260 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOtaught him much more than the story of one single man. “It’s idea of where they fit into world history, not just black people.” logyan és mikor keriilt Archibald Monteith. Jamaicdbaé logyan maradt fent Archibald élettorténete? ‘Milyen kériilmények kézott hallott David Monteith eldszér tdvoli dsérdl¢ Miért utazott David Nigéridbat Mit olvashatunk a cikkben Jamaicardlé Milyen felfedezéseket tett ott David? 7. Mire tanitotta meg Davidet az utazdsa? he’s discovered on this journey has been quite life-changing, he says, gs black and white as you think it is. It’s really important for everyone to literally (2 pont) (3 pont) (4 pont) (1 pont) (4 pont) (4 pont) (2 pont) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO9. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi széveget, majd annak alapjn vdlaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! A feast of Scotland Scotland is remarkable for the wide variety of good produce that can be gath- ered from the land and its surrounding waters, despite the fact that barely a quarter of Scottish soil is under cultivation. With such native riches, no elaborate treatment is required to make the most mouth-watering of meals. From humble origins, the art of Scottish cookery has developed over the centuries to achieve international renown. In Celtic times the sea was held in religious awe. The eating of fish was forbid- den, as they were held to be sacred to the pagan goddess Venus, and this must have made the diet far more frugal than necessary. But by the eleventh cen- tury Catholicism had spread in Scotland, and the vast fishing grounds of coasts, rivers and lakes began to be exploited. So plentiful were freshwater fish that as early as the thirteenth century Scottish salmon was pickled and exported to London, where it was considered to be a food for the poor! So important did the harvesting of the sea become that coastal towns sprang up and thrived or fell with the fluctuation of fish stocks. Scots fishermen found they had to compete with the Dutch, who were only too efficient at harvesting their waters, and this led to blows in the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. Nowadays we are fighting through diplomatic channels to preserve fishing limits around our Scottish coasts, because overfishing has caused a dangerous depletion in fish stocks. Early cooking methods were simple. The fuel for the fire was usually peat, and over this would be hung the bake stone, which was superseded by the grid-iron, and the kail-pot. The former, which is still very much part of the Scottish kitchen, is a round, flat, cast-iron plate with a hooped handle. It took the place of the oven, and on this was baked the daily bread, which of course was unleavened. The kail-pot was also made of iron, and was a large round saucepan with a lid and three legs. It stood over the fire and simmered the stews and soups which formed the daily menu. Hardly anyone possessed a built-in oven, and it was the abbeys and monas- teries which were among the first to do so. During the eighteenth century the kitchen range became a widespread acquisition, but before this it was custom to take the day’s baking to the public bake houses in these religious establish- ments, which were such a focal point in community life. It was during the seventeenth century that Scotland’s most famous product was properly developed. | refer, of course, to whisky. Aqua vitae was in fact 28 ORIGO-NYELWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOcafes aS a distilled in religious establishments as early as 1494, but it was not until much later that the practice became widespread in the Highlands. Before this the Highlander drank either fresh water, or milk and its by-products, such as buttermilk and whey. : 1. Miért meglep6, hogy Skécia hires a foldekrdl begydjthets javakrol¢ (1 pont) 2. Miért volt a sziikségesnél is szerényebb az étrend a kelta idékben? (2 pont) 3. Miért kezdédhetett el a haldszat a 11. szdzadban¢ (4 pont) 4, Kitél kellett megvédeni a haldllomanyt a 15. szdzadban, és mi lett ennek a kvetkezménye? (2 pont) 5. Hogyan, mi ellen és miért ktizdenek napjainkbane (3 pont) 6. Mia grid-iron és a kail-pot, és mire haszndltdke Sket? (6 pont) 7, Miért valtak a valldsos intézmények a tarsadalmi élet kézpontiava a 18. szdzad eldtt? (3 pont) 8. Mit ittak a Skét-felfoldin lakék a whisky elterjedése eldtr? (2 pont) ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO10. Olvassa el figyelmesen az aldbbi széveget, majd annak alapjan vélaszoljon magyarul a kérdésekre! Looking back on eighty years The world | entered when at the age of eighteen | became a medical stu- dent was a world that knew nothing of planes, motorcars, movies, radio or telephone. It was a very cheap world. When | entered St. Thomas’s Hos- pital | took a couple of furnished rooms in Vincent Square for which | paid 18 shillings a week. | had enough money to go to the theatre at least once a week. The pit, to which | went, was not the orderly thing it is now. There were no queues. The crowd collected in a dense mass at the doors, and when they were opened there was a fierce struggle, with a lot of pushing, elbowing and shouting, to get a good place. But that was part of the fun. | spent five years at St. Thomas’s hospital. | was an unsatisfactory medical student, for my heart was not in it. | wanted, | had always wanted, to be a writ- er, and, in the evenings, after my high tea, | wrote and read. Presently | wrote a novel, called Liza of Lambeth, sent it to a publisher and it was accepted. It appeared during my last year at the hospital and had something of a success. It was of course an accident, but naturally | did not know that. | felt | could af- ford to give up medicine and make writing my profession; so, three days after passing the final examinations which gave me my medical qualifications, | set out for Spain to write another book. Looking back now, and knowing as | do the terrible difficulties of making a living by writing, I realise | was taking a fear- ful risk. It never even occurred to me. | abandoned the medical profession with relief, but | do not regret the five years | spent at the hospital - far from it. They taught me pretty well all | know about human nature, for in a hospital you see it in the raw. People in pain, people in fear of death, do not try to hide anything from their doctor, and if they do he can generally guess what they are hiding. | began this talk not intending that it should have an autobiographical ele- ment, but | do not seem to have been able to avoid it. The next ten years were very hard, and | earned an average of £100 a year. Then | had a bit of luck. The director of the Court Theatre put on a play that failed; the next play he had arranged to put on was not yet ready, and he was at his wits’ end. He read a play of mine, called Lady Frederick, and, though he did not much like it, he thought it might just run for the six weeks till the play he had in mind to follow it with could be produced. It ran for fifteen months. Within a short while | had four plays run- ning in London at the same time. Nothing of the kind had ever happened be- fore. | was the talk of the town. One of the students at Saint Thomas’s Hospital 30. ORIGO-NYELWIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO‘eminent surgeon with whom | had worked whether he remembered ,, | remember him quite well,” he said. “He was not very successful, I’m van lehetett akkoriban bejutni a szinhdz olcsébb, hdtsé helyeiree (4 pont) in kériilmények kézétt sziiletett az elbeszéld elsd regénye, milyen volt a fogadtatdsa¢ (3 pont) iért nem banja, hogy orvosnak tanult? (4 pont) ran és mit tapasztalt meg az emberi természetrdl a kérhdzban¢ (4 pont) i volt az a szerencsés kériilmény, amelynek segitségével befutott? (6 pont) fogyan alakult a Lady Frederick cima darab sorsa¢ (4 pont) logyan emlékezett vissza az iréra az egyik kivdl6 sebész? (1 pont) AKADEMIAI KIADO ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEKZSEG * 2. feladat than egy szdvegbe kell kihagyott szavakat, sz6kapcsola- zni. A szévegben egy példa, és ezen kiviil még 10 ,lyuk” ta- a behelyettesitend6 szavak és kifejezések kézétt pedig van ketté, sleges, nincs helye a szévegben. lehet el6szér elolvasni a ,lyukas” szdveget, majd a visszahe- elemeket is. Ha valami szembedtléen illik is egy helyre, a behe- utan akkor is figyelmesen olvassa el tijra az egész szovegrészt, i6ban pontosan, logikai és nyelvhelyességi hiba nélkil illeszke- | elem a szdvegbe. Egyébként pedig célravezeté lehet az els6 lyuk- “6 Ive médszeresen haladni el6re, és kiprébdlni a még behelyette- a 5 oo £6 dsszes elemet. Tabb kéziilk dltaléban mér amiatt is kizérhat6, nyelvtanilag sem illeszkedik a szdvegbe. Erdemes végigprObélni szabadon felhaszndlhat6 dsszes elemet, ugyanis lehet, hogy valami sen nézve jonak tGnik, mégsem az a helyes megoldés ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 33.G-» 2, feladat- 1. Olvassa el a hidnyos széveget figyelmesen, majd egészitse ki értelemszertien a meg- adott szavakkal/szdkapcsolatokkal! A helyes valasz betdjelét irja a lap aljan taldl- haté tdbldzatha a szdmok ald a példa (0) szerint! Egy kifejezés csak egyszer hasz- ndlhat6 fel. Felhivjuk figyelmét, hogy megadottkifejezések kéziil kettdre nincs sziikség. How to cope with the mess in your teenager’s room? If a teenager’s room looks like a natural disaster, should parents simply _0 _ or. insist their child clean it up? Experts’ views differ. An author of several books about teens recommends that parents set _1_ so the roomis neither a fire hazard nor a hygienic hazard but allow some freedom, too. For example, one rule might be that the teens don’t eat in the room. Or if they do eat in the room, the leftovers shouldn’t be kept in the room __2__ so there’s no dry pizza left on the bed for weeks. Parents should have teens take responsi- bility for__3__ of their clothes and wash them. And if they don’t do that, they'll have to wear dirty clothes, which is_4 _ of their negligence. Beyond that, if the room is just messy, let the teenager sit in the mess and shut the door, she says. She recommends avoiding _5__ over the room. If you let the room go, then when you say “No” in another area that you consider important, they are _6 _ to hear you. But a psychologist says parents can expect teens clean their rooms at least once a week. Even the worst room is not going to get that bad in a week in terms of insects crawling out from under the door. She thinks _7__ to get teens to clean their rooms is to devise _8 _ . Tie room-cleaning to a teen’s allowance, for example: If you expect the room to be cleaned up by Thursday at 9 p.m., and it’s done, pay the allowance. If parents don’t care if their teen’s room is messy, they can give the child __9 _ such as cooking for the family once a week or cleaning the table three times a week or feeding the dog. It’s healthy for kids to participate in the family in some helpful way. And cleaning their rooms builds habits that teach 10. A) anincentive plan B) arguing about C) keeping track D) more likely E) organization and order F) other responsibilities G) overnight H) power struggles 1) shut the door J) some difficulties K) some general limits 1) the best way M) the natural consequence i 2 Se er eee 0 34 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOBig low did the Jeep get its name? ‘We're all familiar with the all-purpose vehicles _0 _ . But very few of us know at their design began as a contest sponsored by the United States govern- ent. A four-wheel-drive vehicle that was practical, 1, and could carry at ast a quarter-ton load was needed for the army troops of the Second World far. But the vehicle could not weigh more than 2,160 pounds. Three automak- rs submitted designs. One of the companies had a problem with the weight '= they were 250 pounds _2 _ . At the last minute, they revised their vehicle see how they could _3 _ . The revisions were so close that only one coat paint could be put on the prototype. The second coat would have made the hicle too heavy. In the end, the army decided to use a Jeep that 4 _ of three designs m the three different companies. The many abilities of this special vehicle yy have helped lead to the Jeep name. The vehicle __5 as a fact-finding py car by the army in 1940, and it arrived with the letters GP painted on its ide. The letters stood for “General Purpose,” and many people claim that the lame _6 _ of how the initials were said. Others, however, have a different ‘opinion and they _7 _inthe Popeye stories whose name was Eugene the Jeep. pearing in comic strips during the late 1930s, he was a little creature who ate chids, solved problems, and could _8 _ . Whichever of the two possibilities ally gave the Jeep its name, one thing was certain - it was indeed used for _9 _ of purposes. During the war, there was a Jeep that was completely uried by sand in a desert, and another that __10__ tied to a submarine but both were still very much drivable afterward. ‘A) designed by the engineers B) do almost anything ©) easy to drive ) had a strong engine E) known as Jeeps F) a large variety of purposes G) make it a bit lighter H) over the limit 1) point to the character J) travelled underwater K) wasa shortened version —_L) was first used 'M) was the combination 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ORIGO-NYELVWIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 35.OLVASASKESZSEG = 2. feladat. 3. A 100-year-old theatre in Argentina was transformed into world’s most incredible bookstore Book lovers and theatregoers alike, consider planning your _0__ to Argentina to check out a spectacular, _1__ bookstore built within the old Grand Splendid Theatre in Buenos Aires. Located in the neighbourhood of Recoleta, the struc- ture originally opened as a theatre in May 1919 with all kinds of performances 2__.Ithada__3__ as acinema during the late 1920's. It sat 1,050 people, hosted ballets, operas, tango singers, and later, “talkie” films. In 2000, architect Fernando Manzone converted the space into the El Ateneo Grand Splendid bookstore, which now serves as the group’s _4 _ with over one million visitors each year. The space where the audience once sat is filled with bookshelves holding over 120,000 books. Still, signs of the building’s for- mer life are unmistakable. The dim, theatrical lighting remains the same as does much of the _5_, including the balconies, sculptures, ornate carvings, the thick burgundy stage curtains and the _6 _ painted by Italian artist Nazareno Orlandi. Theatre boxes serve as cosy reading nooks and lifelong acting dreams can be secretly fulfilled as you step onto what was once the _7 _ to visit the café. The bookstore is appealing for both the classic 1920’s theatre feel and elaborate décor, as well as the __8 _ of books that shoppers can peruse. In keeping with the initial inception as a__9___, a pianist plays live music onstage in the afternoons. What a fantastic way to spend a day, flipping through pages and enjoying the awesome acoustics in the same place where famous tango artists once took the stage. Around 3,000 people visit the bookstore every day. It’s a__10__. As well as a theatre geek’s. A) bookworm’sdream 8) brief stint C) entrance to the building D) flagship store E) gracing the stage F) huge amount G) main stage H) mural on the ceiling I) next vacation J) one-of-a-kind K) original interior L) performance arena M) the price of the books PR as Ss Be 36. ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOhan y did people once hold parties just to watch someone vacuum? land was _0 _ to crown the new king, Edward VII, and the throne room being prepared for the celebration. At the last minute, it was discovered the carpets__1__ were filthy. It was too late to send the carpets out to be ned. What else could be done in a hurry? H. C. Booth had an idea. He was the inventor of a new kind of carpet ner. The old kind of cleaner blew __2__ at the dirt. Dirt flew into the air 3 _ the room and then landed back in the carpet. It wasn’t really much lp. Mr Booth’s cleaner sucked the dirt into__4 _. He had invented it after put a handkerchief to his mouth, bent over the dirt, and sucked in his breath. __5__ the handkerchief, and Mr. Booth knew it would be a good idea to jd a machine that pulled the dirt in - a “vacuum” cleaner. People didn’t really like it first, though, because of its size. It was so big that had to be _6 _a wagon by horses and parked outside a house. Long hoses re 7 to clean the carpet. People said the machine was so noisy that it htened the other horses passing by, and they _8 _ against Mr. Booth’s new ention. But the king, hearing how the vacuum cleaner had cleaned the throne room, ited Mr. Booth to give another demonstration and after that he ordered vacuum cleaner for the palace. Then everybody _9 _ and it kept the entor very busy going from house to house with the machine. People had parties when Mr. Booth was coming to clean, so that their guests could ch him work with his famous invention. To make things more interesting, r. Booth 10 _ so that everyone could observe the dirt being sucked into tank of the machine. ) a bag instead B) cleaned the whole _C) dragged inside place ) having a ceremony E) hauled on F) made his vacuum cleaner transparent ) puffs of air H) stuck to 1) swirled around J) the carpets in the palace K) underneath L) vehemently protested the thrones M) wanted their homes vacuumed ee es es Se ES SSS CS OS ee Re Be Ea ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOSEG = 2. feladat OLVASAs! 5, World’s biggest Lego store opens in London 637,903 Lego bricks were used to make a life-size Tube carriage on display at the world’s largest Lego store, which __0___in Leicester Square. The store has been two years in development and also features models of a dragon, the Elizabeth Tower and Big Ben and a Royal Mail post box. The _1__ are made from 1.7 million bricks and together weigh five tonnes. More than a third of _2 went into the London Underground carriage, created in partnership with Transport for London. It took 4,000 hours to make and features _3__—a model of Shakespeare. The store also has a 1:15 scale model of the Elizabeth Tower and Big Ben featuring _4 _ and chimes with the sound of Big Ben. There are also models of a telephone box and an Underground map. Attractions include the world’s first Lego Mosaic Maker, which _5__ a per- sonalised Lego mosaic portrait. It is exclusive to the London store and scans the face like in a passport photo booth, and then _6 _ into LEGO pixels. There are also play tables where children can sit and build. John Goodwin, executive vice president and chief financial officer of the Lego Group, said: “We want to inspire and develop children through _7 _—and this store is all about that.” The flagship store is made up of two floors with jaw-dropping _8 _ which took 10,000 hours to create. The centrepiece is a beautifully intricate, two-sto- rey chiming Big Ben with a working clock face. Brickley the dragon, complete with iconic London accessories of a bowler hat and black umbrella, is also coiled ready to _9__ . There is also the pick-a-brick wall, where you can_10_ to London landscapes and get help to build an original design. A) allows shoppers to buy _B) converts the image C) creations on display D) creative play experiences E) exclusive gifts F) ahigh number of visitors G) opened H) replica models I) add your own flair J) those bricks K) an unusual L) welcome visitors passenger M) a working clock (RN 0 es as aes 38 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO6... The Australian Bat Clinic & Wildlife Trauma Centre Bats are often seen as scary or 0 of the night, commonly found in Halloween themed decorations, or haunted houses. Even the animal-loving Ace Ventura didn’t like them. But bats aren’t scary—they’re_1_- What’s cuter than an orphaned baby bat swaddled in baby blankets? A veterinary clinic full of orphaned baby bats swaddled in _2_, that’s what. The Australian Bat Clinic & Wildlife Trauma Centre in eastern Australia’s Gold Coast Hinterland takes in baby bats (called ‘pups’) when their mothers have died, and also treats adult bats that are afflicted by mites and other_ 3 _ The baby blankets they wrap the young bat pups inaren’t_4 _- if the baby bats have been orphaned, they lack _5 _ of their mothers’ wings, so these blankets are the next best thing. The centre was founded by American-born Terry Wimberle, and aims to help _6 _, which can sometimes end up orphaned or in need of immediate care after being plagued with mites, suffering in_7 __, or having run-ins with barbed wire, among other terrible things. The centre is very active on the Internet, and posts plenty of bat photos for the public to enjoy. The images range from babies wrapped in blankets, to slightly older bats wearing _8 Baby bats love to be held; they cling to their mothers, who then_9__ them. When bottle-fed, the tiny mammals look like furry infants. All bats start with _10__, but move on to insects or fruit, depending on the type of bat. Flying foxes—the largest type of bat in Australia—exclusively eat fruits like mango or melon. They chew the fruit until they’ve extracted all the juice, and then spit out the pulp. A) baby blankets B) bat diseases ©) extreme heat D) creepy creatures E) downright adorable _F) a fenced enclosure GC) wrap their wings around —_H) just for looks 1) some trendy vests }) asteady diet of milk K) these flying mammals L) the warm embrace M) trained personnel (BO is Sk a A es, 2s Ds ois ao ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 39.3EG = 2. feladat OLv: 7. Divers Find 400-Year-Old Silk Dress in Dutch Shipwreck Divers in the Wadden Sea found a fancy_0 _ gown partially buried in the sand. The gown is well-preserved and may be one of the most important artefacts ever brought up from the sea floor. The dress was recovered off the Dutch island of Texel, which was, for atime _1__. Unfortunately for traders, Texel’s location also made it a prime site for shipwrecks. Many of those wrecks have been washed further out to sea, but some remain in the relative shallows surrounding the island. Divers generally avoid disturbing them, instead waiting for the ocean to reveal the rotting wrecks. Two years ago, in __2 from the 1600s divers found __3__ and brought it back to the surface. They opened the package in the open air and realized they had found the contents of _4 _, and that someone must have been pretty rich. There were silk knee socks and a jacket, as well as a silk bodice embroidered in silver and gold. But _5 was a damask gown with a high collar and ruffled sleeves—the kind of thing noblewomen or royalty might wear _6___. For the gown, anyway, the shipwreck had been a blessing; on land, if it had been exposed to air and moths, it would be in much worse shape than_7_ Besides that, _8 also contained leather-bound books. One of those books bears the coat of arms of King Charles |, which suggests that the ship’s passengers may have belonged to the royal house of Stuart. The gown and other finds __9 _ are currently on display at Texel’s delightful museum, and will return there _10___after they are examined and treated by conservators. A) around the house B) from the shipwreck _C) great value D) animportant centre _) it is today F) a merchant ship of trade G) amysterious package H) seventeenth-century 1) permanently J) someone’s wardrobe K) the most impressive _L) the sailors piece M) the wreck site HR oa to aHow did a dog help save a city? The city of Nome, Alaska, was desperately waiting for help. In 1925, diphtheria, a fatal disease, was 0 _ . The problem was that the city didn’t have enough medicine to inoculate its citizens. Extra medicine was a thousand miles away. There were only some small trading posts surrounded by a huge amount of bar- ren, _1_. The only way to deliver the medicine would be by dogsled. It would take two weeks, and that would be too long. Wild Bill Shannon, a rugged trap- per, 2 _. If each trapping town could have a fresh dog team and driver ready, the serum could be run across _3__ by relay, cutting the time down to nine days. Within hours, Shannon was on his way from the hospital in Anchorage with a metal case that had thirty thousand doses of medicine inside. Through the outstanding efforts of _4 __, with their dogs collapsing into the snow at__5_, the medicine was passed to the fifth driver, Gunnar Kaasen, on the fifth day. Kaasen was to pass off to one more driver, but because of a bliz- zard, he missed the trader’s cabin where they _6 __. He was alone. His lead dog, a Siberian husky named Balto, was an excellent sled dog, and Kaasen was forced by __7 _ to rely on Balto’s instincts. In the blinding blizzard, at thirty degrees below zero, he could not see the trail. Balto pressed on for _8 _ . When they reached Nome, Kaasen was almost unconscious, temporarily blinded, and badly cut on his face by_9 _. He had to be chipped from the sled and the serum was a solid frozen block. It had been delivered in only six days, which saved all but two victims from the diphtheria that 10 _an entire city. A) ateam of sled dogs B) could have wiped out C) each meeting point D) his travelling companions E) ice particles F) snow-covered wilderness G) the gigantic snowstorm H) thenext fifty-three 1) four relay teams miles J) the thousand miles K) thought ofa solution L) threatening the city M) were to meet 0 1 2 3 4 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO A19. The Publicity Stunt That Convinced People Elevators Were Safe Unless you are claustrophobic, stepping into an elevator is _0 _ ; many of us do it several times a day. But prior to 1854, people weren’t exactly lining up to use them, no matter how convenient they were—cables__1_ enough that the public viewed them as death traps. Then, along came mechanic Elisha Otis and his miracle invention, the safety elevator. Thanks to his clever engineering, the cable could snap and the elevator would 2 _ However, elevators carried such a stigma that no one was willing to_3_ to Otis’s safety elevator. Sales were practically nonexistent. To show the public that his invention worked, Otis orchestrated a stunt that would 4 we build, work, and live. In 1854, he constructed a 50-foot elevator at the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York, getting P.T. Barnum himself - arguably the most famous businessman, showman and entertainer of the times - to hype up the crowd. Otis__5 of riding the elevator __6 __ to the top, then cut through the cable that tied the elevator car to the frame. Shocked onlookers prepared for the inventor to plummet to a particularly ugly death—but when _7__, the elevator dropped only a few inches. “All safe,” he assured the crowd. Just to _8 __, Otis repeated his demonstration over and over for months, proving to 9 _ that a safe elevator had finally arrived. Today, there are approximately 2.5 million Otis elevators in operation. So, the next time you step into an elevator, imagine the cable being cleaved in two—and then _10__ of relief, knowing that if that happened you would be fine. A) all the way B) breathe asigh C) change the way D) get his point across E) giveachance _F) invent something new G) made a show H) no big deal }) snapped frequently J) still hold K) the rope snapped _L) thousands of onlookers M) through a lot of experiments MB sas 6 A HES 7 8 9 10 42 ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO.10. Id it be curtains for eating at the theatre? is a proper time and place for food and it isn’t in the _0_ , according Oscar-nominated actress Imelda Staunton. She said in an interview that she Id welcome a ban on eating and drinking in theatres. | don’t know why people can’t engage in just one thing,” she said. “I don’t lerstand this obsession with __1_ something at every moment of the day.” She is the latest in a line of actors, directors, and even audience members to plain about increasing __2__ amongst theatregoers. In the summer, producer Richard Jordan claimed his trip to see Doctor stus was marred by “possibly the worst West End audience | have ever untered”. He detailed seeing __3 _ in the first half and “talking, eating taking pictures throughout”. ‘Actors have described seeing fish and chip suppers eaten in the stalls - “smelt 4 but were quite disturbing” - and being put off by the everlasting re-bags of popcorn and crisps. One director criticized a front-rower for “never-ending bags of sweets”. ‘Actor John Partridge, _ 6 _ in Chicago, told the BBC his most off-putting fie moment came when he was playing Zach in a production of A Chorus e, a role which involves sitting with the audience. “One show, I’m in the middle, _7 _ and a guy two seats from me, goes into is bag, rustle, rustle, rustle, pulls out this kind of bucket of Chinese-style chick- wings. “it’s not __8__, they stink. “He turned to me: ‘Do you want one?’ | thought: 1am immersed in my character right now. You’ve paid £80 to come and see this. Why would you want to_9_?” “people actually bring lunch, _10__ in a Tupperware box. What is that? 1am with Imelda. No eating in the theatre.” A) absolutely delicious _B) behind the curtains C) chewing through D) come and eat E) currently starring F) delivering my lines G) eating habits H) having to eat or drink 1) only the noise J) pre-packed K) takeaway chicken nuggets L) theatre seat M) theatre buffets MM a2 a. Bi c925 a0. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 43.KESZSEG a feladat az angol nyelv énAll6 haszndlatét, a szovegalkotési készséget i. A vizsgz6 két téma kéziil valaszthat, és ha j6l osztja be az idejét, . 30-40 perce van arra, hogy egy 17-20 soros széveget alkosson. Fontos, hogy ne érje be az irdnyftési szempontok leforditasaval, hanem zletesen fejtse ki azokat. Ezen a szinten elvards a valasztékos sz6kincs ‘a kohéziés elemek megfelelé ismerete, ami lehet6vé teszi a gondolatok zétti kapcsolat egyértelmd és dsszefiigg6 jeldlését, s az olvas6 szaméra il4gos, konnyen érthet6 sz6veg létrehozdsét. " Magyar mondatok leforditasa helyett érdemes megprObalni ,angolul ndoikozni”, és azokra a szavakra, kifejezésekre épiteni, amelyeket mar 61 tud haszndlni. Nem ajénlatos til sokat sz6térozni, hisz nem biztos, gy azokat a szavakat, amelyekkel a vizsga sordn talélkozik el6sz5r, meg- lel6en tudja alkalmazni. A Ertékelési dtmutatéban részletesen ismertetjtik a javitasi szemponto- t, a pontozés elveit, és bemutatunk egy B2 szintnek megfelel6 és egy azt el nem ér6 példat. ‘Az els6 feladathoz hasonléan a mésodik feladat is az angol nyelv 6néll6 “hasznélatét, a sz6vegalkotési készséget méri. Tehat ugyantgy fontos a v4- -Tasztékos sz6kincs és a kohéziés elemek megfelel6 ismerete, ami lehet6vé “teszi a gondolatok koz6tti kapcsolat egyértelmd és dsszefiigg6 jeldléset és "az olvasé sz4méra vildgos, konnyen érthet6 szbveg létrehozasat. Valamint az is hasonléképpen igaz, hogy nem ajénlatos tal sokat sz6térozni, hisz nem biztos, hogy azokat a szavakat, amelyekkel a vizsga sordn taldlkozik el6szér, megfelelden tudja alkalmazni. Ebben a feladatban véleményt kell alkotni egy llitasr6l. Nem varjuk, hogy az esszéirés szigorti szabalyait betartva frja le a véleményét, de érde- “mes 4tgondolni, hogy milyen érvek,tapasztalatok sz6lnak az Allités mel- [ett illetve ellene, és érdemes ezeket logikus sorrendbe Allitva elkésziteni a megoldast. Elvont, Altaldnos - akér kézhelynek szdmft6 — gondolatokat épptigy meg lehet fogalmazni, mint sajat tapasztalatokat, élményeket. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOIrja le gondolatait angolul az alabbi témdkr6l igy, hogy minden irdnyitdsi szem- pontra térjen ki. Az irdnyitdsi szempontok sorrendjét nem kell betartania. Fontos, hogy dsszefiiggd sziveget hozzon létre. A levél formai eldirdsait tartsa be! Terjedelem: 17-20 sor 1. FELADAT Kiilfoldi ismerdse Magyarorszdgra szeretne ldtogatni, exért adjon neki levélben tandcsot az aldbbi szempontok szerint: a) mikorra id6zitse a latogatasdt, és miért; b) milyen latnivalékat nézzen meg feltétleniil, és miért; c) milyen szllaslehetdségek d) milyenek a magyar emberek; e) sz4mitania kell-e nehézségekre (pl. a kozlekedésben, a nyelvismerettel kapcsolatosan). 2. FELADAT Irjon levelet kiilfoldi bardtjanak, aki a nyelvanuldshoz kér Ontél tandcsot. Levelé- ben térjen ki arra, hogy a) On hogyan kezdett el nyelvet (nyelveket) tanulni; b) mi okozta a legnagyobb nehézséget, és hogyan sikeriilt lekitzdenie; c) milyen médszereket taldlt a legjobbnak; d) mi motivalja a legjobban, hogy megtanuljon egy idegen nyelvet; e) milyen segitséget tudna nydjtani bardtj4nak a nyelvtanuldssal kapcso- latban. 46 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOkiilfoldi bardtjdnak/bardtndjének levelet, melyben ) Gjs4golja el, hogy autétulajdonos lett, hozzétéve, hogy kit6l és milyen alkalombél kapta aj4ndékba a kocsit; ) kézélje azt is, hogy milyen tipust, kort, Allapotd autérél van s26; ) emlitse meg, hova vezetett els6 komolyabb titja az autéval; d) soroljon fel néhény dolgot, amivel kiilénésen meg van elégedve ennél a kocsinél vagy t{pusnil, illetve ami nem mGkédik tokéletesen; €) frja meg, hogy milyen kiadasokkal jar az aut6zés, és hogyan akarja ki- gazdalkodni a raval6t. FELADAT jon kiilfoldi bardtjdnak/bardingjénck levelet, melyben a) tudassa vele, hogy eljegyezték; b) tegye hozz4, hogy jévendobelijével egyszer mér 6 is talélkozott, és ma- gyarézza el, kir6l van sz6; ©) irjon néhény sort arr6l, milyen eskiiv6t és lakodalmat szeretnének a pér- javal; d) sz6ljon arrél is, hogy sziilei egyetértenek-e az Onék erre vonatkozé el- képzeléseivel; ) frja le, hogy az eskiiv6 pontos datumét még nem tudja megadni, de természetesen meghivja majd bartj4t/baratndjét (azaz a cimzettet) is. 5. FELADAT Irjon tevelet kiilfoldi bardtjanak a télrdl az alabbi szempontok szerint: a) irja meg, milyen dltaldban a tél Magyarorsz4gon; b) miért szereti vagy nem szereti On ezt az évszakot; c) milyen téli sportokra van Onnek lehet6sége; d) milyen problémékat okoz a tél az On csalédjanak; e) hogyan késziil a tavaszra. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 47.6. FELADAT ‘rjon levelet kiilféldi bardtjdnak az aldbbi seempontok szerint arrél, hogyan tinne- pelte a sajat vagy valamely csaladtagja sziiletésnapjat. rja le, a) kinek volt sziiletésnapja, mikor és hogyan iinnepelték; b) milyen ajandékot adott (vagy kapott); c) hogyan szokték iinnepelni a csal4dtagok sziiletésnapjat; d) mia véleménye az tijabban divatos meglepetéspartikrél; e) miért tartja fontosnak (vagy feleslegesnek) az iinneplést. 7. FELADAT Kiilfoldi bardtja, aki hallott a Sziget Fesztivdlrél, a nydri zenei/kulturdlis rendezvé- nyekrol kérdezte Ont. Az aldbbi szempontok szerint irjon levelet arrél, hogy a) milyen zenei/kulturdlis fesztivélokat rendeznek Magyarorsz4gon; b) On hol és milyen rendezvényen/rendezvényeken vett részt; c) mi az, ami legjobban tetszett ott Onnek; d) mi az, ami zavarta Ont a rendezvényen; e) On szerint milyen élményeket nydjtanak a fesztivalok a résztvevoknek. 8. FELADAT Kiilfoldi bardtja képeslapot kiildétt Onnek egy tdvoli orszdghol, ahol szabadsdgat t6lt6tte. Kérdezi, Onnek mik a nydri tervei. Valaszlevelében a) kész6nje meg a képeslapot, és kérjen részletesebb uti beszdmol6t, eset- leg fényképeket is; b) baratja kérdésére valaszolva frja le, hogy a nyéri program egyelére bi- zonytalan, mert On és partnere egészen ellentétes médon képzelik el a kézés utazdst; c) fogalmazza meg, On milyen nyaralast szeretne («ti cél, jarmd, széllés, szabadid6s programok stb.); d) ismertesse partnere — alapvet6en kiilénb6z6 — elképzeléseit; e) frja le, hogy (On) mindenképpen ragaszkodik-e eredeti elképzelés¢hez, vagy belemegy majd valamilyen kompromisszumba, és ha igen, miért. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOiilféldi ismerdsének levelet, melyben ) tijsdgolja el, hogy valamilyen énvédelmi sporttal kezdett el foglalkozni; )) irja meg, miért éppen ezt valasztotta; ) frja meg, hova és milyen rendszerességgel jar edzésre; ) irja le, hogy a varosban, ahol él, nagyon megromlott a kézbiztonsdg az utébbi idében, és soroljon fel néhany példat is; d) sz4moljon be részletesebben egy konkrét esetr6l, amelynek szemtantija volt; e) és széljon arrél is, hogy On mit tett eben a helyzetben. ). FELADAT a napokban fontos vizsgdt tett (pl. felvételi, autdvezetési vagy nyelvviasga). Kill- i bardtja a vizsga eredményér6l kérdezte Ont levelében. Vdlaszdban a) készinje meg érdeklédését, és kézélje vele, hogy gratullhat Onnek; b) irja meg, meddig és hogyan késziilt a sz6ban forgé vizsgara; ¢) sz4moljon be a vizsgér6l (milyen feladatokat kellett megoldania, mi volt a legnehezebb, volt-e valami probléma stb.); d) frja le, milyen lelkiéllapotban volt vizsga kézben, illetve azt megel6z6en; €) térjen ki arra is, hogyan tinnepelte meg a csaléd a sikert, és mi volt az unneplés csticspontja. 1GO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOOlvassa el az alabbi dllitdst, majd fejtse ki a véleményét az dllitdsrél angolul! Terjedelem: 10-12 sor 1. FELADAT Shopping can be fun — but only for women. Men are just bored with it. 2. FELADAT It’s cruel to keep pets like dogs in a flat. They need some place outside. 3. FELADAT A book is always better than the film made from it. 4, FELADAT English is spoken everywhere. There’s no need to learn other foreign languages. 5. FELADAT A holiday on the beach is always the best choice for a summer holiday. 6. FELADAT The older generation just can’t understand young people. 7. FELADAT Your clothes and your appearance always tell others what kind of person you are. 8. FELADAT More practical skills should be taught in schools and less theory. 9. FELADAT You will never feel at home in a foreign country, you will always be an out- sider. 10. FELADAT People should pay more attention to what they eat, because most of them have an unhealthy diet. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOKOZVETITES sbben a vizsgarészben egy 2-3 bekezdésnyi angol széveg forditasat varjuk el, de amint a feladat neve is utal r4, nem mfiford{tasrdl van sz6. Fontos, gy els6 lépésben az angol széveg jelentését sikertiljén megérteni, majd rt Atiiltetni magyarra tigy, hogy a létrehozott forditds az eredeti mondat- n szerepl6 ésszes informéciét tartalmazza. JA mondatoknak, s6t a mondatokon beliili egységeknek is pontértékiik yan, ezek a pontok j6 megolddssal megszerezhet6k és dsszeadédnak, igy i hem sikeriil a teljes mondatot hibatlanul leforditani, akkor is szerez- pontot a helyesen megfogalmazott gondolati egységekre. Itt jegyez- lik meg, hogy amennyiben a forditand6 szévegnek van cime, azt is le kell forditani, mert annak is pontértéke van. A Ertékelési titmutatdban szemléltetjiik a mondatok tagolast, a részpon- ok elosztsat, tovabbé felsoroltunk tdbb lehetséges jé, illetve hibés meg- dast is. A felkésziiléssel kapcsolatban arra hfvjuk fel a figyelmet, hogy a sz6tar yelyes haszndlatat még a vizsga eldtt érdemes elsajatitani, és érdemes mi- él tobbet olvasni angolul, igy a meglév6 passziv sz6kincse lehet6vé teszi, ogy minél kevesebbet — inkabb csak (6n)ellendrzésképpen — hasznélja a szotart, ezzel sok idét nyerhet a vizsgan. ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 511. Forditsa le az aldbbi sadveget magyar nyelvre! Lazy Finns developed the first ice skate 5,000 years ago to save energy Archaeologists have been puzzled about why people started skating for a long time. Now, new research has offered an answer. “in central and northern Europe 5,000 years ago people struggled to survive the severe winter conditions and it seems unlikely that ice skating developed as a hobby,” said one of the researchers. “As happened later with skis and bicycles, 1am convinced that people first made ice skates to limit the energy required for their daily journeys.” The scientists put their theory to the test and made replica skates modelled ‘on examples held at museums. Volunteers on ice rinks in the Alps had their heart rates, oxygen intake and skating speeds measured while they tried out the primitive skates. From these data, researchers were able to calculate energy consumption and the efficiency of their skating. They discovered that being able to skate over the frozen lakes in ancient Finland saved 10 per cent of people’s energy. 52 ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOditsa le az aldbbi szoveget magyar nyelvre! Iphins prevent shark attack group of swimmers has told how a group of dolphins protected them from great white shark off New Zealand’s coast. The lifeguards were training at a beach on the North Island when they were naced by a 3-metre shark, before the dolphins raced in to help. They were rounded by the dolphins for 40 minutes to help them make it safely back to beach. Marine biologists say such behaviour is not uncommon in dolphins. The swim- rs were circled by a great white shark, which came within a couple of metres. und half a dozen dolphins suddenly appeared. The mammals swam in tight les to create a defensive barrier as the great white shark swam threateningly arby. The dolphins were extremely protective and repeatedly slapped the wa- r with their tails, presumably to try to deter the predator as it cruised nearby. le swimmers have no doubt that the dolphins acted deliberately to protect m. Dolphins, which are considered to be one of the most intelligent mammals, like to help the helpless”. _ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO3. Forditsa le az aldbbi szoveget magyar nyelvre! DIY Adrian Reeman calls himself a Do It Yourself addict. He has spent 23 years turn- ing his council flat into a replica of the Palace of Versailles. His humble ninth floor flat in a tower block in Southampton now resembles the grand palace on the outskirts of Paris — only a little bit smaller. Adrian carried out all the renovations virtually for free. He used wood that he found in the streets and objects he picked up at charity shops. His three-room flat is now covered in opulent wooden panels and elegant wallpaper work from ceiling to floor. Adrian says his obsession started, when he moved in with his wife Annette. Amazingly, he has never been to Versailles but now he’s finished his flat, he be- lieves there’s no need for him to go. “It is just the same as the Palace of Ver- sailles — just a little bit less roomy,” he jokes. But unfortunately, Adrian and Annette may have to remove all his hard work if they ever move. The council have a policy that tenants must restore flats to their original condition before moving out. 54 ORIGO-NYELWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOForditsa le az aldbbi sedveget magyar nyelvre! Organic meat As organic meat is now widely available, vegetarians who once rejected flesh because of concerns about contemporary farming methods find their resistance weakening. The same has happened to me. Roast duck. Lancashire stewed pork. Beefsteak. After 14 years of my eyes skating over these things on a menu, while dining out, last month my interest was caught by the meat dishes on offer. This was because | have started eating meat again, but only meat from ani- mals that have enjoyed a happy life before being slaughtered. Unlike when | de- cided to go without meat, organic meat is now easily available. It was having a baby that first made me question my meat-free diet; 1 could not make up my mind whether she should be vegetarian, too. Having low iron levels myself, despite a fondness for spinach and dried apri- cots, | decided that organic meat would be part of my baby’s diet. So why feed her something I’m not prepared to eat myself? It took another year - and food poisoning from vegetarian sausage - for meat to pass my lips. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 55.Be 5. Forditsa le az aldbbi sadveget magyar nyelvre! Thousands of girls coming from countries outside Britain have welcomed the idea of working “au pair”, with full board and pocket money in return for helping in the home of a family. Many of them want to Practise the English they have learnt at school, but cannot afford to live away from home without some kind of work to provide them with at least the necessities of life. Unfortunately, very few of the girls who are attracted by the idea of earn- ing their living in another land are prepared for the various difficulties that may await them. It is essential that any girl who takes a Post of this kind should be at least eighteen years old, and be practical and able to look after herself. If possible, she should go to a family she knows something about. It is es- sential that she should have a letter from her employer clearly stating her terms of employment. She should be promised a single room of satisfactory standard and meals with the family to have the opportunity of practising the language with them. 56 ORIGO-NYELWIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOForditsa le az aldbbi s2dveget magyar nyelvre! Lobbyists urge ban on smoking in cars Anti-smoking lobbyists said today that a ban on smoking in all cars should be considered. They claim the pollution caused by one cigarette in a car is as bad as a pub filled with smoke. According to a report, stopping smoking in cars is “vital in cutting the exposure of children and young people to the toxins in second- hand tobacco smoke and it is also a safety issue”. ‘An expert said: “Research shows if you smoke in a car you get the same pollu- tion as you get at the end of an evening in a pub.” However, they are not calling for an immediate ban, but want an investigation into whether legislation should be introduced. The leader of a pro-tobacco group said smokers were facing a “war” and wanted an end to Government interference. “We're strongly against any further legislation on smoking in cars. There’s simply no evidence that smoking in cars is ‘a serious distraction and causes accidents. A car is a private space and if people choose to smoke in their car, that is a matter for them.” ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 57.7 Forditsa le az aldbbi szoveget magyar nyelvre! Time is up for the old parking meter Parking meters are to be abolished in some parts of Central London ~ thanks partly to thieves breaking into them and stealing thousands of pounds a week. Drivers will now pay by credit card via mobile phone if they want to use one of the 440 parking lots in some central areas. Several other authorities are con- sidering making drivers use parking meters that may be in another street and which issue temporary permits. The council’s decision was prompted partly by an increase in theft from meters by gangs. In the past three months the amount stolen has doubled to £20,000 a week. The gangs use special instruments to slice through meters and remove their upper parts, which typically contain about £70. The more time-consuming pro- cess of smashing open the cash boxes can then be done behind closed doors. The gangs tend to target only one meter in each street to reduce the risk of be- ing caught, but they steal from five or six streets on one occasion. 58 ORIGO-NYELVWVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADOrditsa le az aldbbi szdveget magyar nyelvre! took over a decade of talks, but an American icon has finally won the approval the Chinese government. Now Mickey Mouse and his bosses at Walt Disney another challenge: to win the hearts and minds of the nation’s booming iddle class. The company announced today that Beijing had approved the creation of Disneyland-style park in Shanghai. It has been reported that the new attraction I cost §3.5bn The announcement comes two weeks before Chinese-American ations come under the spotlight with the US president’s visit. “China is one of the most dynamic and exciting countries in the world, and is approval marks a very significant milestone for the Walt Disney Company in ina,” the firm’s president said in a statement. More detailed talks between Disney and Shanghai authorities are ongoing. Chinese firm is expected to contribute about 60% of the investment. Analysts say it is likely to be years before the park - which may open in three 1's — is able to turn a profit for Disney. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 599. Forditsa le az aldbbi széveget magyar nyelvre! Parents against sweets at tills Supermarkets and shops are being urged to ban calorie-laden sweets and snacks from checkout areas as part of a campaign to encourage healthier eating among children. The Parents Committee - an independent group, representing the views of nearly 2,000 parents — decided to act after being told that members were fed up with the growing practice by retailers. Placing different kinds of irresistible things within children’s reach causes conflict for parents who want their children to eat healthily while they are also a temptation to adults who might be trying to lose weight. The Ban Snacks at the Checkout campaign will put pressure on retailers to rethink their policies. ‘The campaign comes at a time when we witness serious concern about rising obesity rates among children, as a consequence of unhealthy eating habits. Last year a giant corporation manufacturing sweets warned supermarkets that removing sweets and chocolate from their checkouts meant that they were losing around 30% of their sales. 60. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO10. Forditsa le az aldbbi sziveget magyar nyelvre! An unnatural disaster Climate change over the next 50 years is expected to drive a quarter of land ani- mals and plants into extinction, according to the first comprehensive study into the effect of higher temperatures on the natural world. The size of the disaster facing the planet shocked those involved in the re- search. They estimate that more than1 million species will be lost by 2050. ‘Much of that loss - more than one in 10 of all plants and animals ~ is already irreversible because of the extra global warming gases already discharged into the atmosphere. But the scientists say that action to curb greenhouse gases now could save many more from the same fate. ‘The research showed that species living in mountainous areas had a greater chance of survival because they could simply move uphill where the climate is cooler. Those in flatter areas were more vulnerable, faced with the impossible task of moving thousands of miles to find suitable conditions. ORIGO-NYELVVIZSGAKONYVEK AKADEMIAI KIADO 61