9/7/2019 Revision Notes for Science Chapter 6 - Physical and Chemical Changes (Class 7th) | askIITians
Revision Notes on Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical Changes
Physical Properties of a substance are those characteristic of a substance that describes its physical nature.
For Example colour, density, shape, size and volume are some physical properties.
Physical Change is a change which occurs when there is an alteration in the physical properties of a substance.
The physical change does not result in the formation of any new substance but can alter the shape and size of
the existing substance.
Figure 1: Physical Properties
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Figure 2: Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
The chemical property of a substance are those characteristic of a substance that describes its chemical nature.
For Example toxicity of a substance or how a substance reacts with other substances is its chemical property.
A chemical change or chemical reaction is any change in the chemical properties of a substance.
Whenever a substance undergoes a chemical change, a new substance is formed.
Examples of Chemical Changes:
Rusting of iron occurs when iron gets in contact with moisture
When a magnesium ribbon is burnt it radiates white light and converts into ashes
Formation of Medicines
Extracting of iron from the iron ore
Formation of plastic
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Figure 3: Chemical Properties
A chemical change is always accompanied by any one or all of the following way:
Radiation or absorption of heat
Production of sound
Change in the colour of the substance
Change in the smell of the substance
Formation of a gas
Formation of a solid as residue
Change in
Example
Property
Burning of a substance such as coal, wood or candle results in
Radiation or production of heat and hence is a chemical change.
absorption of heat Similarly, melting of ice results in absorption of heat and therefore
it is a chemical change.
Production of Bursting of fireworks is a chemical change. It results in production
sound of sound, heat, radiation as well as gas.
Raw fruits and vegetables when cut and left in open air start
Change in the
acquiring brown color due to a chemical change.
colour of the
Similarly, rusting of iron results in change of color of iron to reddish
substance
brown is also a chemical change.
When antacids are mixed in water bubbles are formed indicating
Formation of a gas
the production of a gas and therefore it is a chemical change.
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Change in the When food gets spoiled, it produces foul smell. This is because of
smell of the a chemical change in food.
substance Rotten eggs often produce a bad odour due to production of
sulphur.
Two liquids combine with each other and form a solid called
precipitate.
Formation of Solids
For Example, shells of animals are precipitates formed by chemical
changes.
Figure 4: Chemical Changes
Rusting of Iron
When the iron comes in contact with oxygen and water, reacts and forms a red colored substance over it. It is
called Rust.
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Figure 5: Formation of Rust
How to prevent rusting of iron
By applying paint on iron objects so that they cannot come in contact with oxygen and moisture in the
environment
Galvanization of iron which means applying a layer of zinc or chromium metals on the iron
Crystallization
It is a process of obtaining crystals of a pure substance from its solution. For Example, we can obtain the crystals of
copper sulphate by boiling copper sulphate solution.
Figure 7: Crystallization of Copper Sulphate
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