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Html4, W3School: !doctype HTML Head Title /title /head Body h1 /h1 P /P /body /HTML

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links. Tags are surrounded by angle brackets and tell browsers how to display and structure content. Common elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <img> for images, and <a> for links. Attributes provide additional information about elements, like the href attribute specifying a link's address or the src attribute providing an image's source file. HTML documents are made up of nested elements and follow a basic structure with a <head> for metadata and <body> for visible content.

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420 views10 pages

Html4, W3School: !doctype HTML Head Title /title /head Body h1 /h1 P /P /body /HTML

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links. Tags are surrounded by angle brackets and tell browsers how to display and structure content. Common elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs, <img> for images, and <a> for links. Attributes provide additional information about elements, like the href attribute specifying a link's address or the src attribute providing an image's source file. HTML documents are made up of nested elements and follow a basic structure with a <head> for metadata and <body> for visible content.

Uploaded by

Joser Icard Orojo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

HTML4, W3SCHOOL

What is HTML?

HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements are represented by tags
 HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph",
"table", and so on
 Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the
content of the page
 Example
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5


 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the document
 The <title> element specifies a title for the document
 The <body> element contains the visible page content
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

HTML Tags

HTML tags are element names surrounded by angle brackets:

<tagname>content goes here...</tagname>

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 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
 The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a forward
slash inserted before the tag name

Tip: The start tag is also called the opening tag, and the end tag
the closing tag.

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read


HTML documents and display them.

The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine
how to display the document.

Only the content inside the <body> section is displayed in a browser.

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps


browsers to display web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML EDITORS

Write HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit

Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like


Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac).

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We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or
TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)

Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your
screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 2: Write Some HTML

Write or copy some HTML into Notepad.

Step 3: Save the HTML Page

Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad
menu.

Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the
preferred encoding for HTML files).

Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser

Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file,
or right-click - and choose "Open with").

HTML Basic Examples

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important
heading.

HTML Paragraphs

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HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided
as attributes:

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

HTML Buttons

HTML buttons are defined with the <button> tag:

Example
<button>Click me</button>

HTML Lists

HTML lists are defined with the <ul> (unordered/bullet list) or


the <ol> (ordered/numbered list) tag, followed by <li> tags (list items):

Example
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>

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<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

HTML Elements

An HTML element usually consists of a start tag and an end tag, with
the content inserted in between:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>


The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>


Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br>
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. Empty
elements do not have an end tag, such as the <br> element (which
indicates a line break).

Nested HTML Elements

HTML elements can be nested (elements can contain elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

This example contains four HTML elements:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

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Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.<br> is an


empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line
break):

<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>

Empty elements can be "closed" in the opening tag like this: <br />.

HTML5 does not require empty elements to be closed. But if you want
stricter validation, or if you need to make your document readable by
XML parsers, you must close all HTML elements properly.

HTML Is Not Case Sensitive

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C
recommends lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter
document types like XHTML.

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

All HTML elements can have atributes.

Attributes provide additional information about an element.

Attributes are always specified in the start tag.

Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value".

The href Attribute

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in
the href attribute.

<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

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The src Attribute

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The filename of the image source is specified in the src attribute:

<img src="img_girl.jpg">

The width and height Attributes

HTML images also have width and height attributes, which specifies the

width and height of the image:

<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">

The width and height are is specified in pixels by default; so


width="500" means 500 pixels wide.

The alt Attribute

The alt attribute specifies an alternative text to be used, if an image


cannot be displayed.

The value of the alt attribute can be read by screen readers. This way,
someone "listening" to the webpage, e.g. a vision impaired person, can
"hear" the element.

<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

The alt attribute is also useful if the image cannot be displayed (e.g. if it
does not exist).

The style Attribute

The style attribute is used to specify the styling of an element, like color,
font, size etc.

Example

<p style="color:red">This is a paragraph.</p>

The lang Attribute

The language of the document can be declared in the <html> tag.

The language is declared with the lang attribute.

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Declaring a language is important for accessibility applications (screen
readers) and search engines:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en-US">

<body>

...

</body>

</html>

The first two letters specify the language (en). If there is a dialect, add
two more letters (US).

The title Attribute

Here, a title attribute is added to the <p> element. The value of the title
attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the
paragraph:

Example

<p title="I'm a tooltip">

This is a paragraph.

</p>

We Suggest: Use Lowercase Attributes


The HTML5 standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute can be written with uppercase or lowercase


like title or TITLE.

W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and demands lowercase for


stricter document types like XHTML.

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We Suggest: Quote (“) Attribute Values
The HTML5 standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

The href attribute, demonstrated above, can be written without quotes:

Bad:

<a href=https://www.w3schools.com>
Good:
<a href=”https://www.w3schools.com”>

Single or Double Quotes?


Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML,
but single quotes can also be used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double


quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:

<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>

Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">

Chapter Summary
 All HTML elements can have atributes

 The title attribute provides additional "tool-tip"
information
 The href attribute provides address information for links

 The width and height attributes provide size information for
images
 The alt attribute provides text for screen readers
 Always use lowercase attribute name

 Always quote attribute values

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