This document provides instructions for calculating the line parameters of transmission lines, including inductance, capacitance, GMR and GMD, using MATLAB/C++ programs and the MiPower software. It includes the necessary formulas, the algorithms to implement the calculations for different line configurations (single phase, 3 phase single and double circuit, bundled conductors), and procedures for using MiPower. The results from manual calculations, MATLAB programs and MiPower software will be recorded and compared.
This document provides instructions for calculating the line parameters of transmission lines, including inductance, capacitance, GMR and GMD, using MATLAB/C++ programs and the MiPower software. It includes the necessary formulas, the algorithms to implement the calculations for different line configurations (single phase, 3 phase single and double circuit, bundled conductors), and procedures for using MiPower. The results from manual calculations, MATLAB programs and MiPower software will be recorded and compared.
This document provides instructions for calculating the line parameters of transmission lines, including inductance, capacitance, GMR and GMD, using MATLAB/C++ programs and the MiPower software. It includes the necessary formulas, the algorithms to implement the calculations for different line configurations (single phase, 3 phase single and double circuit, bundled conductors), and procedures for using MiPower. The results from manual calculations, MATLAB programs and MiPower software will be recorded and compared.
This document provides instructions for calculating the line parameters of transmission lines, including inductance, capacitance, GMR and GMD, using MATLAB/C++ programs and the MiPower software. It includes the necessary formulas, the algorithms to implement the calculations for different line configurations (single phase, 3 phase single and double circuit, bundled conductors), and procedures for using MiPower. The results from manual calculations, MATLAB programs and MiPower software will be recorded and compared.
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EX NO : 1
DATE :
COMPUTATION OF LINE PARAMETERS USING MATLAB / C
AIM: 1. To calculate GMR, GMD, Inductance and Capacitance of the given transmission line, manually. 2. To write MATLAB or C/C++ program to calculate the GMR, GMD, Inductance and Capacitance of the line. 3. To verify the results using MiPower Software.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB or TC MiPower
FORMULAE USED:
a) Single Phase Line :
L = 4*10 -7 log (D / GMRL) H / m 1 C = 0 / ln (D/r) F/m 2
b) Three Phase Line:
L = 2*10 -7 ln (GMD/GMRL) H / m per phase 3 C = 20 / ln (GMD/GMRc ) F / m per phase 4 GMRL = 0.7788r; GMRC = r 5
where i. GMD for 3 phase Single Circuit GMD = 3√ (Dab * Dbc * Dca) 6
ii. GMD for 3 phase double circuit
GMD =3√(Dabeq*Dbceq *Dcaeq) 7 Dabeq = 4(Dab Dab’ Dba’ Db’a) and so on 8
iii. GMR for 3 phase Double Circuit
GMR = 3 √(Ds1 * D s2 * Ds3) 9 where Ds1 = 4√(Daa * Daa’ * Da’a * Da’a’ ) 10 iv. GMR for two conductor bundle : Ds2 = (Daa * Daa’) 12
v. GMR for three conductor bundle:
Ds3 = 3(Daa.Daa’2) 13
where Dxy = distance between conductors x and y
Daa = r’ for GMRL and r for GMRc
THEORY: Four parameters of a transmission line are i. Series Resistance ii. Series Reactance iii. Shunt Admittance and iv Shunt Conductance. Shunt Conductance is usually neglected. Series resistance result in power loss in transmission lines. Usually series resistance is very low. Series Reactance X = L Ohms where L is the inductance in Henrys. Inductance of a transmission line is defined as the flux linkage per unit current. Inductive reactance (X) is responsible for Voltage Drop along the lines. Shunt Admittance Y = C mho where C is the capacitance in Farads. Capacitance is the charge per unit potential. Shunt Admittance is responsible for Ferranti Effect in lines which results in voltage raise along the line. In case of single phase lines, loop inductance which is the total inductance of line (go and return) is calculated. In case of three phase lines, Inductance and Capacitance per phase is calculated. Inductance and capacitance depend on radius of line and distance between lines. In three phase unsymmetrical lines, double circuit and bundled conductor lines, the radius and distance between the conductors are replaced by the terms GMD and GMR respectively. GMR or self-GMD of stranded or bundled conductor is the radius of single conductor that produces the same effect as that of the stranded or bundled conductor (or) GMR of a conductor is the radius of a fictitious conductor with no internal flux linkage but with the same inductance as the actual conductor with radius ‘r’. GMR or Ds = re-1/4 = 0.7788r for single conductor. GMD (or) mutual GMD is the geometrical mean of the distance between the conductors of the same phase, in bundled conductors.
BUNDLED CONDUCTOR: Bundled conductor is made up of two or more sub-conductors in each phase. Bundled conductors are preferred due to the following reasons: i) Reduced inductance. ii) Reduced reactance. iii) Reduced voltage gradient. iv) Reduced corona and radio interference. In bundled conductors, the conductors of same group are placed far apart whereas in standard conductors, the conductors are close together.
ALGORITHM:
1. Get the Type of Circuit
2. If Single Phase, get radius of conductor and distance between conductors else go to step 4. 3. Calculate L and C using equations 1 and 2, Go to 10. 4. If three phase single circuit, get radius of conductor and distance between conductors else go to step 6. 5. Calculate L and C using equations 3,4, 5 and 6. Go to 10. 6. If three phase double circuit, get radius of conductor and distance between conductors else go to step 9. 7. Calculate L and C using equations 3,4,7,8, 9 and 10. Go to 10. 8. If bundled conductor, get the number of conductors in bundle, spacing between sub conductors in a bundle, radius of each conductor and distance between two conductors. 9. Calculate GMD using 6, GMR using 12 or 13 and find L and C. 10. Print GMR, GMD, L and C values.
PROCEDURE FOR MIPOWER:
1. Select MiPOWER tools line parameter calculation.
2. Specify the line data in the dialogue box popped up. 3. Number of circuits, unit type, diameter of the conductor and the GMR values are entered in the specified boxes. 4. If necessary, specify bundle conductor details. 5. Conductor positions are specified in such a way that the x and y position of each conductor is given as width and height respectively taking any one conductor position as reference. 6. After entering the data, click on the SAVE option and click “Execute”. MI Power Window: RESULT:
The transmission line parameters are manually calculated for the given transmission line. MATLAB program for the calculation of transmission line parameters is executed.
