Introduction
Title: “The Effect of Early Pregnancy in Women Teenager’s Life”
Teenage pregnancy is one of the issues occurs in the whole world. The total number of this
phenomenon is increasing each year. It is a common concern that needs to confronted to
lighten the problem of early pregnancies, especially to the third world countries. However, the
general cause of teenage pregnancy is females being exposed to unprotected sexual
intercourse at a young age. There should be an awareness of sex education among teenagers.
Teenage pregnancy is mostly unplanned, and as a result, people react to the experience
differently. The teenager has come to terms with the unexpected demands of being an adult. In
some cases, she may also have to deal with disapproval and dissatisfaction shown by significant
others like parents and relatives(Clemens,2002). According to Macleod and Durrheim (2003),
teenage pregnancy as a social problem that leads to the disruption of schooling; poor obstetric
outcomes, inadequate mothering; poor child outcomes; relationship difficulties with relatives,
partners and peers; and demographic concerns about increasing population numbers.
With early pregnancy the girls usually have to abandon their education to give birth or raise
their child. Education becomes a lesser priority and is often delayed until they are able to leave
the children at home are financially stable. But there are girls who are studying as well as taking
care of their child. The burdens for these girls have double as to they have to take care of
school as well as their child at home.
This study would like to focus on exploring the experiences of Filipino teenage moms on
what are the effects of early pregnancy in their lives. However, adolescence should be
informed for deciding for themselves with the guidance of their parents; a youth that is
responsible for what s/he is doing is well-informed and educated. Every adolescence should
access to sex education to have enough information before doing any intercourses. An expert
from the film(Pregnancy Pact) says, “ We must have a real conversation in order for the youth
to have an informed choice… prevent pregnancy or teach them to be good mothers; if they
choose to.”
There are several prevention and awareness programs out there, but with teen pregnancy
continuing to rise around the world, they believe that more can be done to decrease this
number. Teen pregnancy causes many problems in families, such as low education, financial
issues, poverty, and developmental delay and issues in the children. Children, who grow up in
poverty with a teen mother or parents, are more likely to be teen mothers themselves and also
grow up in poverty (“Teen Pregnancy”,2008). The long-term effects of pregnancies are far
reaching and teenage mothers face difficulties. The problem encountered may be physical,
psychological, social, academic and emotional.
Related Research Literature
According to Venus(2014), teenage pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk
of PIH, PET, premature on set of labor, fetal deaths and premature delivery. Increases neonatal
morbidity and mortality were also seen in babies delivered to teenage mothers. This research
study not included the reason why there are so many teenagers that involved in early
pregnancy. A retrospective case control study was performed over a period of 5 years. Data
were retrieved from hospital records. All teenage mothers (ages 13-19 completed years of
delivery) delivering in the University Hospital were taken as cares. Next 3 consecutive deliveries
in the age of group of 20-30 year were selected as controls for each case.
The teenage period itself constitutes a high risks of pregnancy than the women in their
adulthood. There is paucity of recent data regarding the outcome of teenage pregnancy from
this region. In the present study we have evaluates the maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes
of teenage pregnancies in a teaching hospital over a period of five years. Materials and method
a retrospective care control study was conducted in the University Hospitals, Banaras Hindu
University, Vera nasi over a period of 5 years. Data were retrieved from hospital records. The
objective was to evaluate the obstetric, fetal and neonatal outcomes of teenage pregnancy.
Teenage pregnancy was desired as pregnancy occurring between the maternal age of 13-19
completed years of delivery. Fill teenage mothers attending the university hospital for delivery
were taken up consecutively as cases. For each case next 3 consecutive singleton in the age
group of 20-30 year were selected as controls.
According to Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research(2014), this research
determine and discusses the lived experiences of early pregnancy among students, inters of
causes, effects, challenges and their coping mechanisms. This case study not included the some
reasons of teenage pregnancy why they suffer in that situation. The study involved ten(10)
teenage mothers as informants. They were categorized into high and low performing students
in terms of academic , five(5) of them were low performing, five(5) of them also were high
performing. The academic performance identified based on their school records before they
got pregnant.
Teenage mothers little potentiality to finish their studies after engaging in early pregnancy.
Taking care of the baby and providing financial assistance are challenges they encountered and
tired to cope up with. The academic performance, the financial status and support of the famiy
of teenage mothers determines if they can pursue their studies and achieve their dreams in life.
According to Azri(2015), more research is needed to better understand the issue of teen
pregnancy. For the best results, collaborative studies among nationwide hospital and
institutions should be the way toward. This research not include the possible results in physical
health of the baby. There were 31 articles related to teen pregnancy found after searching a
database dedicated to indexing all original clinical research published in Malaysia from year
2000 to 2014 .
To summarize this research about the pregnancy in Malaysia, it discuss the clinical execution
and identify the problem about teenage pregnancy on Malaysia. The data reviewed in basis of
clinical relevance and future research implications. The conclusion is the more research is
needed to better understand the issue of teenage pregnancy. In short, the nationwide
hospitals and institutions should be the way forward.
According to Nachinaab(2011), 50,000 girls die each year in pregnancy and childbirth globally
with sub-saharan Africa Nigeria inclusive having the highest rate. Research has shown that in
developing countries, babies born to mothers between 15-19 years and below face 50% higher
risk of being “still birth” or dying in the first tri-semester as against those born to mother in
their 20s. Also these teenage girls baby are prone to being underweight with risk of long term
health challenges.
Research has shown that in developing, countries babies born to mothers between 15-19
years and below face 50% higher risk of being "skill birth" or dying in the first tri-semester as
against those born to mothers in their 20s. To control and solved the problem in in this research
they make an awareness of sex education among teenagers and they included some of the
causes of Teenage pregnancy. This research not included the high risk in the teenage mother in
form of communicating after getting pregnant. They include the child marriage, rape, media,
peer pressure, poverty, absence of sex education, impact of teenage pregnancy as their ethics
in doing this research.
Scope
This research aims to study and investigate the situation of the young mother/s here in
Taytay,Rizal. Therefore, our investigation must be only here in Taytay and should not reach
other place/community. And it will not answered the questions/problems that are not included
in this studies.
Delimitation
As a result , teenage pregnancy has become an issue as it has been defined as a family
problem rather than anything else. Teen mother have lower chance of completing their high
school or college, especially if they have their first child before 18. They are not able to
complete their basic education.
Procedure
The researchers prepared a research questions to be answered by the respondents of the
study. The researches waited for the approval of the research after gathering data. The data
gathering procedure was done in form of one-to-one interview. After gathering all the data or
information that are needed, the researchers will interpret and analyze it.
Design
The study utilized case-study. Case study is a report about a person or situation. There are
multiple instruments that the researchers will use and there are few respondent needed.
The researchers investigate the situation of teen moms and the effect of it to their lives. So in
this case, this type of research is suit well because the researchers will interview them; one-on-
one interview, getting information from different sources like books, articles or other research
studies. Also, the researches just need a few respondent because the study is sensitive and it’s
hard to find a subject on it.
Research Questions Themes Categories Codes Extract
1. What is your 1; Teenage 1; Self 1; thrifty, “become thrifty
life now being Pregnancy needs for my needs”
a teen mom? Effects
2;Family 1; got mad, “first, they got
acceptance mad but at the
end it become
okay, they accept
it because they
can’t do anything
about it it’s
already there.”
3;Education 1; dropped “ of course, I
2; not finish stopped and my
study, hard to dreams got
find job vanished also for
my parents, it’s
also hard to find
job if not yet
graduated.”
4; Financial 1; hard to find “it’s very hard, I
money don’t know where
2; budgeting, to get money and
financial budget for
needs for everyday, it’s
everyday difficult especially
when new on
giving birth,
movement shouls
be avoid.”
5; Health 1; loss weight, “ in health, there’s
breast feeding no changes
however become
skinny because of
breast feeding, I
didn’t struggle.”
2; Teen Mom 1; not easy “ it’s not easy
Perspective in 2; time and being at teen
Life lack of sleep mom. Actually,
are the lack of sleep and
challenges or time are your true
the enemy in enemy here.”
life
2. How does Ways to 1; “Currently, I’m
they face Overcome multitasking working , my
their Responsibilities 2; finding husband is the
responsibilitie of being a Teen work one who take
s? Mom 3; money, care, after, when I
needs,child got home, I’m the
one who take
care(my child) I
provides the
needs of my
child.”
Discussion
To answer research question 1(What is your life now being a teen mom?) the
following themes are formed:
- Teenage Pregnancy Effects
This theme refers to the refers to the effects of teenage pregnancy in the life of
our participants. According to Klein(2005), teen pregnancy not only affects the
teenager herself, but also the child, the families involved, healthcare professionals,
educators and government officials as they try to accommodate and deal with issues
that come with teen pregnancy.
In Life Cycle Theories of Aldritch (1999), it adapts the metaphor or analogy of
organic growth to organizational context as a tool permits us to explain different
stages of development.(Development Model: Change happens during a cycle always
composed by the emergency stage, growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage.)
In reference to the presents study, category 1 code1 and category 4 code 2(see
Figure 1) relate to the Teenage Pregnancy Effects.
- Teen Mom Perspectives in Life
This theme refers to the perspectives in life of being a teen mom. According to
Venus(2014), during these years adolescents are most vulnerable and prone to
identify crisis brought about by psychological, emotional, physical and sexual
changes. Meaning, parenting as an adolescent increases the teenagers stress level,
especially if that pregnancy is unwanted or unintended. According to Cognitive
Theory, thoughts are the primary determinants emotions and behaviors. In
reference to this, codes 1 and 2( see Figure1) are relate to the perspective in life of
being a teen mom.
To answer research question 2( How does teen age mom face their responsibilities?)
the following theme is formed:
- Ways to Overcome Responsibilities of being a Teen Mom
This theme refers to the ways of overcoming responsibilities. According to
In Life Cycle Theories of Aldritch (1999), it adapts the metaphor or analogy of
organic growth to organizational context as a tool permits us to explain different
stages of development.( Scenario Model: It assumes the previous sequence of
development but modifies it introducing different phases where the managers make
decisions.) In reference to this, codes 1,2, and 3(see Figure 2) are relate to the ways
of overcoming responsibilities of being a teen mom.
