st

21 Century
Literature From The Philippines
and the World

Jazzteen Brenda A. Tadeo

11-Stem 2
1.NUMERAL 1- Background

 AUTHOR – Manuel Arguilla

 Manuel Estabillo Arguilla (1911-1944) was born on June 17, 1911 in Nagrebcan, Bauang, La Union to
parents Crisanto Arguilla, a farmer and Margarita Estabillo a potter.  He was an Ilokano writer And he is
know for his short history “How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife”. Which won first prize in the
Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940.

STORY – “HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT A WIFE”

1. 1. TRIVIA La union Its name which means "the union" or "the united" in Spanish. Poro Point lies
northwest of Luzon within San Fernando City in the Province of La Union. The Poro Point Lighthouse
is 8 meters (27 ft) high, its tower made up of concrete tower which consists a gallery but it has no
lantern.
2. 2. THE PORO POINT LIGHTHOUSE LA UNION
3. 3. HISTORY OF REGION 1 KNOWN AS ILOCOS REGION
4. 4. Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal negritos before they were pushed by successive ways
of Malay/Austronesian immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. From the date of population
distribution of region 1, one third are nonIlocos who live in this region.
5. 5. We all know that region one is also called I locos region but it is a popular misconception. At
present day Vigan city in Ilocos Sur province became bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia. And many
president of the Philippines came from Region 1: Elpidio Quirino, Ferdinand Marcos and Fidel
Ramos. As time goes by Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,Pangasinan and La Union are the province in Region
1.
6. 6. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MANUEL E. ARGUILLA
7. 7. Manuel Estabillo Arguilla (1911-1944) was born on June 17, 1911 in Nagrebcan, Bauang, La Union
to parents Crisanto Arguilla, a farmer and Margarita Estabillo a potter.  He was an Ilokano writer
And he is know for his short history “How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife”. Which won first
prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940.
8. 8.  He studied at University of the Philippines where he finished BS Education in 1993.  He
married Lydia Villanueva, another talented writer in English.  Arguilla secretly organized a guerrilla
intelligence unit against the Japanese.  In October 1944 at the age of 33,he was captured, tortured
and executed by the Japanese army at Fort Santiago.
9. 9. CHARACTERS Baldo ROLE CHARACTERISTICS The one who narrated the He is obedient,
innocent, story and younger brother and naive boy. of Leon. Leon (Or Noel) The older brother of He
was a responsible, Baldo who brought home gentle, and a loving a wife. husband.
10. 10. Maria She was born and grew She was beautiful, up in a big city and she is supportive, creative
and a the wife of Leon. Labang loving wife. The bull who brought the A hardworking “pet”. wife and
Leon to the home. And Baldo considers as his pet. Father The one who instructed The mildest-
tempered Baldo on what he will do and gentlest man. while he is on the road with Leon and Maria.
11. 11. C U A J H E K L F B M B G E Z P E O P K D B Y Z L D Y A J C H A Y O E Q T N O O V C D
TNDOULLFKLJNDRYTEWOKTUJEBERBHLYOKERDOXMZSWRV
XPFUNHITCHEDQ
12. 12. Setting: Barrio Nagrebcan, Bauang, La Union Conflict: Man vs. Society
13. 13. Climax: When they got home, their father did not welcome them. He was said to be in his room;
“his leg is bothering him again.” Baldo saw his mother and sister Aurelia and Maria in the kitchen
who seemed like crying. His father removed the roll of tobacco in his mouth when he saw Baldo and
started to ask something about Labang.
14. 14. Theme: The theme of 'How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife' To endure journey sacrifices
is necessary. In order to achieve success we must be strong enough, show determination, be patient on
whatever difficult event or situation you must have to sacrifice just to be happy.
15. 15. Baldo waits Maria and Leon in a Station so that he will bring the two in their house. Maria meets
Baldo at first time. Leon and Maria ride in the cart with Baldo and Labang.
16. 16. While they are in their journey, Leon asks Baldo on who told him to meet Maria and Leon in the
station. In their journey, Leon and Maria sang a song “Sky Sown with Stars”. When they reach to their
home, Leon saw his mother and asks on where is his Father
17. 17. Baldo went upstairs to go to his father’s room and tell some story to their journey. And when Leon
and Maria came into the father’s room, his father changed the topic to Labang.
 PLACE – San Fernando City in the province of La Union

2. II.LITERARY WORK- Novel

3. ANALYSIS

Questions:

1. Who is the author of the novel?

2. What kind of person you think is Maria?
3. What song did Maria and Leon sang?
4. Who is Baldo?
5. Who is the parents of Manuel Arguilla?
6. What is the occupation or work of his parents?
7. Who is the main character of the novel?
8. When they reach their home who Leon ask where his father?
9. What is the settings?

10.What year Manuel Arguilla born?

Answer:

1. Manuel Arguilla
2. She is beautiful and supportive wife
3. “Sky Sown with Stars”
4. A bull a hardworking pet
5. Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo
6. His father is a farmer and her mother is a potter
7. Leon and Maria
8. Her mother
9. Barrio Nagrebcan,Bauang,La Union
10. 1911
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
PAGES OF LITERARY PIECE AUTHOR OF WHAT KIND
LITERARY LESSONS WORK TITLE LITERARY OF
WORK WORK LITERARY
SCORE
WORK

ILOCANO
1-3 “How My Brother Novel
LITERATURE
Leon Brought Home Manuel
a Wife” Arguilla
BICOLANO
4-5 LITERATURE “Home of the John Jack Essay
Ashfall” Wigley

EASTERN
VISAYAS “Ang kanyang Cloudualdo Poem
6-8 LITERATURE mga mata” Del Mundo

MUSLIM
9-11 LITERATURE “Bilaan Story of Mabel Cook Folktale
Creation” Cole

ILONGGO
12-1 LITERATURE “salagunting” Ramon folktale
Muzones
1.NUMERAL 1- Background

 AUTHOR- Cloudualdo Del MundoClodualdo del Mundo was born in Manila in

1911. Liwayway editor, critic, scholar, and head of TANIW (Taliba ng Inang Wika). Winner of a
presidential award on literature and nationalism. Pioneer in modern drama, having presented the first
modern Tagalog zarzuela, Anong Tamis ng mga Sandali sa Sariling Bayan, at the Cultural Center of
the Philippines, and the first modern opera with Balagtas as hero. Wrote a great number of “novels”
for television, radio, and the local cinema, receiving the FAMAS award for one of his stories. In
poetry, he was among the first to write in free verse. His Ang Kanyang mga Mata (patterned after the
Japanese haiku) is a gem in its lucidity and restraint. He passed away on October 5, 1977.

STORY –

ANG KANYANG MGA MATA

Dalawang bituing
kumikislap-kislap
sa gitna
ng dilim. . .

Tambal ng aliw
na sasayaw-sayaw
sa tuwing ako’y
naninimdim. . .
Bukang-liwayway
ng isang pagsintang
walang maliw!

Takipsilim
ng isang pusong
di magtataksil!

Dalawang bituing
kumikislap-kislap
sa gitna
ng dilim. . .

Tambal ng aliw
na sasayaw-sayaw
sa tuwing ako’y
naninimdim. . .
Bukang-liwayway
ng isang pagsintang
walang maliw!
Takipsilim
ng isang pusong
di magtataksil!

 PLACE –Eastern Visayas

2. II.LITERARY WORK- Short Poem

3. ANALYSIS

1. Anong ibigsabihin ng buong tula?

2. Saan inihahalintulad ang unang yugto ng tula?
3. Sino si Cloudualdo Del Mundo?
4. Anong uri ng tula ito?
5. What date Cloudualdo Del MUndo pass away?
6. Where did he was born?
7. What award he receive?
8. Where did he came from?
9. What year he was born?
10. What did he write in free verse?

Answer
1 .Ito ay tungkol sa pag ibig at pag tataksil
2. sa bituin inihahalintulad ito katulad ng mga mata natin
3. Siya yung author ng “Ang kanyang Mata”
4. Haiku
5. Oct 05 1977
6. Manila City
7. FAMAS award
8 .Manila City
9. 1911
10.Ang kanyang mga mata
1.NUMERAL 1- Background

 AUTHOR -John Jack G. Wigley born Angeles Pampanga, Philippines

John Jack G. Wigley became deputy director of the UST Publishing House in June 2010, where he
previously served as officer-in-charge and assistant to the director. He has co-authored two books on
Philippine literature and presented papers on cultural and literary studies in national and
international conferences and fora. He currently teaches literature and film at the College of
Rehabilitation Sciences and the Faculty of Arts and Letters at UST. He is also the author of Falling
Into the Manhole: A Memoir (2012)

He has an A.B. in English from Holy Angel University, and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Literature at the
University of Santo Tomas.

 Story – Home of the Ashfall These highlights resonate in Wigley’s own story,
ostensibly the subject of the book. In the title essay, Wigley’s flagging determination to
reach his hometown in the middle of the lahar deluge after Mt. Pinatubo’s eruption is
challenged by his mother’s display of nonchalant fierceness at the end of the tale.

By the time we get to “Mother’s Passing,” we have come to know Wigley’s mother so fully,
his grief over her death becomes our own.

And yet, the book—while glowing with maternal tribute—is also very much about the search
for a father.

In “Peering through the Window,” the tale of a bus trip to the mother’s hometown becomes a
quiet contemplation about the unexpected pangs of longing for a father figure.

In “The Fancy Dancer,” the story of an impromptu dance set to the tune of “One Way Ticket”
in the rundown streets of Angeles becomes more than an attempt to humanize the surface
of the city’s sleaze; it also provides a kind of coda for the book’s search of a father.

 Place – Bicol Albay

1. ll. LITERARY WORK – Essay

2. ANALYSIS –

Question:
1. Where is the Ashfall happened?
2. Who is Jhon Wigley?
3. What kind of person is Jhon wigley?
4. How much did he always pay when he always ride tricycle?
5. What is the regular pay in trycycle?
6. What is the denovement of the story?
7. What Author use tone?
 8. What does her mother doing when he reached home?
9. Where did he finished in year 2012?
10.What is the ending of the story?

Answer:
1.Bicol Albay
2.John Jack Wigley is a writer and he is cum laude at the course of Doctor of
philosophy in literature 2012
3.His Fat and heavy but his very constant
4. 20
5.10
6.when she’s mother is going to cross the river with a bundle of dirty cloth
7.sad
8.she’s mother is going to across the river
9.Doctor of Philosophy in Literature, Cum Laude
10.When he finally at home
Comedy:cause it’s happy ending I guess

NUMERAL 1- Background

 Author –Ramon Muzones Ilonggo writer and lawyer Ramon Muzones is set to
be posthumously declared National Artist for Literature by President Rodrigo Duterte
today in Malacañang, according to an advisory released by the Palace yesterday.

Muzones (March 20, 1913 – Aug. 17, 1992) was a prolific writer in Hiligaynon and
credited for developing and popularizing Hiligaynon literature through his poems, short
stories, essays, and novels.

He wrote a total of 62 novels during his lifetime. His obra

maestra called Margosatubig in 1946 was considered the first Hiligaynon bestseller.
Writing for Hiligaynon magazine, Muzones caught public attention and adulation with
his works such as the popular Kuting-Kuting sa Kudyapi.

His first novel for Hiligaynon was Tibud nga Bulawan 1938.

Muzones scored many firsts in Hiligaynon literature such as the first Hiligaynon roman a
clef, Maambong nga Sapat in 1938; first Hiligaynon feminist novel, Bagong Maria
Clarain 1939; first Hiligaynon comedy novel, Tamblot in 1948; and first Hiligaynon
political satire, Si Tamblot Kandidato Man in 1949.

His Dama de Noche in 1980 is deemed the longest serialized Hiligaynon novel.

Muzones was one of the founders of Sumakwelan, a pioneering organization of

Hiligaynon writers.

He was awarded the Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas by the Unyon ng mga
Manunulat sa Pilipinas in 1988, the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1989, and the
Gawad Bonifacio sa Panitikan Centennial Award granted by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts on Nov. 22, 1997.

Muzones was the first of 10 children of Santiago Muzones from Miag-ao, Iloilo and
Florentina Larupay. He worked his way to school through his writings and also saw to it
that his siblings, too.

He took his pre-law course at Far Eastern University and his law degree at Central
Philippine University in 1952.

Muzones married Adelaida de la Cruz of Kabankalan, Negros Occidental; they had seven
children.

Story – Epic tale : The Story of Salagunting. Margosatubig provides readers

with a Philippines long forgotten in the humdrum of the modern age, a
Philippines distant, almost alien. In this Philippines, the ancient Moros of
Mindanao are put on the center stage, and a link to our primeval ethnic past is
revived with this narrative of great adventure.

The story of Salagunting is about a young man who knows not of his destiny
and bloodline; it is filled with thrill and his wonderment pours out of the pages
as he goes out to redeem what the family of his past had lost, in turn finding
himself, discov. Amidst magical temptations discovering his identity, and
where his heart truly liesd enchanted twists, vast battles and war, as well as
moments of tragic loss, Salagunting goes through many challenges following
the beliefs and cultural tradition of the Moros and their epics.

The story is rich in cultural references, being set in pre-Hispanic Philippines.

Muzones has made it a gift to read such a riveting story that successfully
infuses the native culture and magic which the Moros of Margosatubig wield.
Some notable ones: a giant man eating scallops, trees that entomb prisoners,
and waterfalls brought about by a broken heart; all of this coming from a fast-
paced plot line so complex with its wide range of characters, each having their
own goal, driving all to clash in this tale of war, power, love, magic, fantasy,
and discovery.

Falling under this neatly woven world are the brave datu from faraway islands
and references to familiar principalities, as well as Sultans who rule all
beneath the mantle of Islam and the Sultanate. The novel also places a great
focus on the ancient conflict between Muslims and Christians, bringing
modern allegorical reality into the story.

 Place- Mindanao
1.Literary works – Short Story
2.Analysis –

Question:
 1. Who is Ramon Muzones?
2.What Salagunting about?
3.What challenge Salagunting have?
4.What young man want to discover?
5.What is the native culture and magic?
6.What giant man do?
7.What is the two religion that have in the story?
8.who is the wife of Ramon Muzones?
9.what is deemed the longest serialized Hiligaynon novel?

10. The novel also places a great focus on the ancient conflict between
Muslims and Christians, what it is bring?

Answer:

1. Ilonggo writer and lawyer Ramon Muzones

2. The story of Salagunting is about a young man who knows not of his destiny and

bloodline;

3. the beliefs and cultural tradition of the Moros and their epics.

4.his identity,and where his heart belong

5. Moros of Margosatubig wield.

6. : a giant man eating scallops, trees that entomb prisoners, and waterfalls
brought about by a broken heart; all of this coming from a fast-paced plot line
so complex with its wide range of characters, each having their own goal,
driving all to clash in this tale of war, power, love, magic, fantasy, and
discovery.

7.Muslim and Christian

8. Adelaida de la Cruz of Kabankalan,

 9. His Dama de Noche in 1980

10. modern allegorical reality into the story.

1.NUMERAL 1- Background

 Author – Mabel Cook Cole

 Story- Bilaan Story of Creation

In the very beginning there lived a being so large that he can not be compared
with any known thing. His name was Melu, 129and when he sat on the clouds, which
were his home, he occupied all the space above. His teeth were pure gold, and because
he was very cleanly and continually rubbed himself with his hands, his skin became
pure white. The dead skin which he rubbed off his body 130 was placed on one side in
a pile, and by and by this pile became so large that he was annoyed and set himself to
consider what he could do with it.

Finally Melu decided to make the earth; so he worked very hard in putting the dead
skin into shape, and when it was finished he was so pleased with it that he determined
to make two beings like himself, though smaller, to live on it.

Taking the remnants of the material left after making the earth he fashioned two men
but just as they were all finished except their noses, Tau Tana from below the earth
appeared and wanted to help him.

Melu did not wish any assistance, and a great argument ensued. Tau Tana finally won
his point and made the noses which he placed on the people upside down. When all
was finished, Melu and Tau Tana whipped the forms until they moved. Then Melu
went to his home above the clouds, and Tau Tana returned to his place below the
earth.

All went well until one day a great rain came, and the people on the earth nearly
drowned from the water which ran off their heads into their noses. Melu, from his
place on the clouds, saw their danger, and he came quickly to earth and saved their
lives by turning their noses the other side up.

The people were very grateful to him, and promised to do anything he should ask of
them. Before he left for the sky, they told him that they were very unhappy living on
the great earth all alone, so he told them to save all the hair from their heads and the
dry skin from their bodies and the next time he came he would make them some
companions. And in this way there came to be a great many people on the earth.

 Place – Mindanao
1. ll.Literary Works - Folklore Story
2. Analysis-

Question
1.Who created the world base on the story?
2.What kind of attitude the giant have?
3.Who is Tau Tana?
4. Who promise to the giant to be grateful at him and do anyting
just for him?
5.Where is the home of the giant in the story?
6.Who is Melu?
7.What did he was determined to created?
8.What happen when the great rain came?
9.What Melu do when he saw people danger?
10.What happen when he rubbed his skin using his palm?

Answer:
1. Melu
2. Hard work and Kind
3. Tau Tana is created by the giant named Melu
4. People
5. Clouds
6. Melu is the giant who created the world
7. A person like him but smaller
8. People drown
9. He saved people
10.He can create whatever he wants