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    VIT

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    shubham goswami
    This document discusses concepts related to derivatives, tangents, Rolle's theorem, and Lagrange's mean value theorem. It provides MATLAB code to evaluate derivatives symbolically, plot tangent lines, and verify Rolle's and Lagrange's theorems for different functions over given intervals. Exercises are included to apply these concepts for specific functions.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    VIT

    Uploaded by

    shubham goswami
    2K views4 pages
    This document discusses concepts related to derivatives, tangents, Rolle's theorem, and Lagrange's mean value theorem. It provides MATLAB code to evaluate derivatives symbolically, plot tangent lines, and verify Rolle's and Lagrange's theorems for different functions over given intervals. Exercises are included to apply these concepts for specific functions.

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    VIT DA

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    This document discusses concepts related to derivatives, tangents, Rolle's theorem, and Lagrange's mean value theorem. It provides MATLAB code to evaluate derivatives symbolically, plot tangent lines, and verify Rolle's and Lagrange's theorems for different functions over given intervals. Exercises are included to apply these concepts for specific functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views4 pages

    VIT

    Uploaded by

    shubham goswami
    This document discusses concepts related to derivatives, tangents, Rolle's theorem, and Lagrange's mean value theorem. It provides MATLAB code to evaluate derivatives symbolically, plot tangent lines, and verify Rolle's and Lagrange's theorems for different functions over given intervals. Exercises are included to apply these concepts for specific functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Department of Mathematics

    School of Advanced Sciences


    MAT 1011 – Calculus for Engineers (MATLAB)
    Experiment 1–A
    Rolle’s, Lagrange’s mean value theorems

    Derivative
    The derivative of the function f (x) with respect to the variable x is the function f (x)
    f ( x  h)  f ( x)
    whose value is f ( x)  lim whenever the limit exits.
    h0 h
    The derivative of symbolic function f (x) can be evaluated in MATLAB with the command diff.
    Below code illustrates the derivative of y  x .
    >> syms x
    >> y=sqrt(x);
    >> diff(y)
    ans =
    1/(2*x^(1/2))
    Similarly the derivative of (3x 2  1) 2 is
    >> syms x
    >> y=(3*x^2+1)^2
    >> diff(y)
    ans =
    12*x*(3*x^2 + 1)

    Tangent Line
    The tangent line to the curve y  f (x) at the point P(a, f (a)) is the line through P with the
    f ( a  h)  f ( a )
    slope m  f (a)  lim
    h0 h
    The following code illustrate the plotting of the tangent to the curve y  x 2 at the point (2,4) .

    clear all
    clc
    syms x y
    f = input('Enter the given function in variable x: ');
    x0 = input('Enter the x-coordinate of the point: ');
    y0 = subs(f,x,x0);
    fx = diff(f,x);
    m = subs(fx,x,x0);
    tangent = y0 + m*(x-x0);
    t_line=y-tangent;
    plotrange = [x0-3,x0+3];
    ezplot(f,plotrange);
    hold on;
    ezplot(tangent,plotrange)
    title('Tangent line plot')
    t=sprintf('The tangent to the curve y= %s at (%d,%d) is y=%s',
    f,x0,y0,tangent);
    disp(t)

    Input:
    Enter the given function in variable x: x^2
    Enter the x-coordinate of the point:2
    Output:
    The tangent to the curve y= x^2 at (2,4) is y= 4*x - 4

    Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 1


    Mean value theorem:
    Rolle’s theorem:
    Suppose that the function y  f (x) is continuous at every point of the closed interval [a, b] and
    differentiable at every point in (a, b) and if f (a)  f (b) , then there is at least one number c in (a, b)
    at which f (c)  0 .
    x3
    The below code illustrates the verification of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x)   3x on the
    3
    interval [3, 3] .

    clear all;
    clc;
    syms x c;
    f=input('Enter the function: ');
    I=input('Enter the interval [a,b]: ');
    a=I(1); b=I(2);
    fa=subs(f,x,a);fb=subs(f,x,b);
    df=diff(f,x); dfc=subs(df,x,c);
    if fa==fb
    c=solve(dfc);
    count=0;
    for i=1:length(c)
    if c(i)>a && c(i)<b
    count=count+1;
    r(count)=c(i);
    end
    end
    values=sprintf('The values of c between %d and %d which satisfy Rolles
    theorem are x=',a,b);
    disp(values)
    disp(r)
    else
    disp('f(a) and f(b) are not equal, function doesnot satisfy
    conditions for Rolles theorem');
    end
    tval=subs(f,x,r);
    xval=linspace(a,b,100);
    yval=subs(f,x,xval);
    plot(xval,yval);
    [p,q]=size(xval);
    for i=1:length(tval)

    Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 2


    hold on;
    plot(xval,tval(i)*ones(p,q),'r');
    hold on;
    plot(r(i),tval(i),'ok');
    end
    hold off;
    legend('Function','Tangent');
    title('Demonstration of Rolles theorem');

    Input:
    Enter the function: x^3/3-3*x
    Enter the interval [a,b]: [-3,3]
    Output:
    The values of c between -3 and 3 which satisfy Rolles theorem are x=
    [3^(1/2), -3^(1/2)]

    Lagrange’s mean value theorem:


    Suppose that the function y  f (x) is continuous at every point of the closed interval [a, b] and
    differentiable at every point in (a, b) , then there is at least one number c in (a, b) so that
    f (b)  f (a)
    f (c)  .
    ba
    The below code illustrates the verification of Lagrange’s theorem for the function
    f ( x)  x 3  3x 2  2 x  1 on the interval [3, 3] .

    clear all;
    clc;
    syms x c;
    f=input('Enter the function: ');
    I=input('Enter the interval [a,b]: ');
    a=I(1); b=I(2);
    fa=subs(f,x,a);fb=subs(f,x,b);
    df=diff(f,x);
    dfc=subs(df,x,c);
    LM=dfc-(fb-fa)/(b-a);
    c=solve(LM);
    count=0;
    for i=1:length(c)
    if c(i)>a && c(i)<b
    count=count+1;
    tx(count)=c(i);
    end
    end
    fprintf('The values of c between %d and %d which satisfy LMVT are
    x=',a,b);
    disp(double(tx))

    Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 3


    xval=linspace(a,b,100);
    yval=subs(f,x,xval);
    m=subs(df,tx) ; % Slopes of tangents at the points between a and b.
    ty=subs(f,x,tx) ;
    plot(xval,yval);
    hold on;
    secant_slope=(fb-fa)/(b-a);
    secant_line=fa+secant_slope*(x-a);
    sx_val=xval;
    sy_val=subs(secant_line,x,sx_val);
    plot(sx_val,sy_val);
    hold on;
    for i=1:length(tx)
    txval=linspace(tx(i)-1,tx(i)+1,20);
    t_line=ty(i)+m(i)*(x-tx(i));
    tyval=subs(t_line,x,txval);
    plot(txval,tyval,'k');
    hold on
    plot(tx(i),ty(i),'ok');
    end
    hold off;
    grid on
    legend('Function','Secant','Tangents');
    title('Demonstration of LMVT');

    Input:
    Enter the function: x^3-3*x^2+2*x+1
    Enter the interval [a,b]: [-5,8]

    Output:
    The values of c between -5 and 8 which satisfy LMVT are x=-2.7859 4.7859

    Exercise:
    1. Using MATLAB find the tangent to the curves y  x at x  4 and show graphically.
    2. Using MATLAB find the tangent to the curves y   sin( x / 2) at the origin and and show
    graphically.
    3. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function ( x  2)3 ( x  3) 4 in the interval [2, 3] . Plot the curve
    along with the secant joining the end points and the tangents at points which satisfy Rolle’s
    theorem.
    4. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function f ( x)  x  e 3 x in the interval [0,1] .
    Plot the curve along with the secant joining the end points and the tangents at points which
    satisfy Lagrange’s mean value theorem.

    Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 4

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