Modes of transportation, Indian Railways -

Introduction

Dr. Indrajit Ghosh

Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Transportation Engineering

 Basic modes
 Land
 Water
 Air
 Land
 Road Transport
 Rail Transport
 Water and Air
 Waterways and Airways
Transportation Engineering

 Road Transport
 Forms
 Expressways
 Highways
 City streets
 Rural roads
 Cater for wide range of road vehicles and
pedestrians
 When provides greater utility in transport?
Transportation Engineering

 Road Transport
 Passenger transport
 Short and medium haul
 Goods transport
 Short and long hauls of commodities
 Lighter weight
 Lesser volume
Transportation Engineering

 Railways
 Greatest utilization?
 Transport for large volume of heavy and bulky
commodities over long distances
 Long distance journeys of passenger
 Safety, Comfort and Convenience
 Energy requirement?
 Unit load through unit distance is only fraction of
that required by road
Transportation Engineering

 Airways
 Maximum utility?
 TIME SAVINGS
 Waterways
 Provide transport facilities of heavy and bulky
commodities when time may not be of much
importance
 Most economical mode
 Needs minimum energy to haul unit load through
unit distance
Difference between Two Land
Transport Modes
Feature Rail Transport Road Transport

Tractive resistance Low High

Right of way Designated track Can be used by anybody

Cost Higher Less

Gradient & Curve Should be minimum Can be steeper and

sharper
Suitability Heavier loads, larger # of Lighter goods, smaller #
passenger over longer of passengers over
distance shorter distance
Flexibility of Fixed starting and Start/end at any point or
movement destination points, time, provide door-to-
Prescribed schedule door service
Pollution Minimum adverse effect on Greater pollution
environment
Development of Railways

 In Abroad
 Nicholas Carnot (1769)
 Pioneering work of developing steam energy
 Richard Trevithick (1804)
 Steam locomotive for traction
Development of Railways

 In Abroad
 George Stephenson (1814)
 First steam locomotive for traction in railways
 First public railway open to traffic (27
September, 1825)
 Stockton and Darlington (UK)
 Other countries in Europe and USA
 Developed railway systems
 Passenger, Quarry products
Development of Railways

 In India
 1830-1850
 Idea of railway lines to improve transport systems
 Trial surveys conducted
 Construction of lines began
Development of Railways

 In India
 1850-1870
 Opening of railway lines for passengers traffic at
different places
 First commercial train journey
 Bombay and Thane (16 April, 1853)
 34 km
 Formation of eight companies
Development of Railways

 In India
 1870-1900
 Opening of meter gauge line, narrow gauge line,
toilets in 3rd class coaches
 Formation of other railway companies
 1905
 Railway board established
 1920-1930
 Railway finances separated from general finances
 Electrification started
Development of Railways

 In India
 1930
 Railway stretches over 66,300 route km
 1936
 AC introduced in passenger coaches
 1937
 Burma separated from India
 3,200 km of railway lines were taken out
 1947
 Railway lines and assets were divided
Development of Railways

 In India
 1950-1960
 Regrouping of railways
 Formation of 6 zones
 Set up
 Production units
 Railway Testing and Research Centre (RTRC)
 Later RDSO
 Various Railway institutes
 Introduction of sleeping accommodation
 Constitution of RPF
Development of Railways

 In India
 1969
 New Delhi-Howrah Rajdhani Express
 1970s
 Kolkata Metro construction begin
 Formation
 Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES)
 Indian Railway Construction Company Ltd. (IRCON)
 Introduction of concrete sleepers
Development of Railways

 In India
 1980s
 Kolkata Metro started operation
 Introduction of
 Computerized passenger reservation systems
 Shatabdi Express between New Delhi and Jhansi
 Establishment of
 Container Corporation of India Ltd. (CONCOR)
Development of Railways

 In India
 1990-Till date
 IRCTC
 E-Ticketing and ticketing by sms
 17 Zones and 67 divisions
 Railway Vision 2020
 No separate rail budget
 Introduction of
 Shatabdi/Jan Shatabdi Express, Garib Rath Express,
Duranto Express, Gatimaan Express, Tejas Express
 Vande Bharat Express (Train 18), Train 20
Railway Engineering

 Strengths of Indian Railways

 Densely populated urban/suburban areas
 Most appropriate mode of transport
 Part of Central Govt.
 Financial backing
 Self reliant system
 MAKE IN INDIA
 Well organized organization with huge # of
persons employed
Railway Engineering
 Weaknesses of Indian Railways
 Overaged infrastructure
 Old technology
 Large force of unskilled manpower
 Resource constraints/rationalization of tariff for
long period of time
 Pilferage and vandalism (e.g., Tejas Express)
 Corruption, lot of bureaucracy
 No competitor
 Lack of customer orientation, safety, reliability
15 DAYS LATER..
Railway Engineering

 Threats to Indian Railways

 Low cost airlines
 Improvement of other infrastructure
 Roadways
 Cheap cars, easily available loans
 Soft target
 Rally/Agitation
 Terrorism
PSU
 Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd (DFCCIL)
 Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd (IRCTC)
 Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd (KRCL)
 Indian Railway Finance Corporation Ltd (IRFC)
 Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC)
 RailTel Corporation of India Ltd (RailTel)
 Telecommunication Networks
 Rail India Technical and Economic Services Ltd (RITES)
 Consulting Division
 Indian Railway Construction Company Ltd (IRCON)
 Construction Division
 Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd (RVNL)
 Container Corporation of India (CONCOR)
 Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA)
 Commercial development of vacant railway land
 Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS)
 Development of major software
 Pipavav Railway Corporation Ltd (PRCL)
 Bharat Wagon and Engineering Ltd (BWEL)
Vision 2020

 Objectives
 Best in the World
 Multiplication of lines
 Expansion of network
 Electrification
 Higher speed
 Zero accidents/zero failure
 Environmental development
Dedicated freight corridor
World Heritage sites by UNESCO

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Mumbai CST Building

Nilgiri Mountain Railways Kalka-Shimla Railways

 Others

Fairy Queen: Oldest functioning steam engine

Gorakhpur Railway Station: Longest platform

1,366.33 m
Others

Chenab Bridge: Highest Railway Bridge

http://www.msn.com/en-in/money/photos/25-mind-blowing-facts-about-indian-
railways/ss-AAaiOr1
Railway Engineering: Books
 A Text Book of Railway Engineering
 S. C. Saxena, S. P. Arora
 Dhanpat Rai Publications (P) Ltd., 7th edition (2010)
 Railway Engineering
 S. Chandra, M.M. Agarwal
 Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (2013)
 Railway Track Engineering
 J. S. Mundrey
 Mcgraw-Hill Education; 4th edition (2009)