Technical Specifications

Table of Content

4. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT 1
4.1 115 kV and 22 kV Primary Equipment 1
4.1.1 General 1
4.1.2 115 kV and 22 kV Circuit Breakers 1
4.1.3 115 kV and 22 kV Disconnecting / Earthing Switch 3
4.1.4 115 kV and 22 kV Current Transformers 4
4.1.5 115 kV and 22 kV Voltage Transformers 5
4.1.6 115 kV and 22 kV Surge Arresters 6
4.2 Power Transformer 7
4.2.1 Reference Standards 7
4.2.2 General Design 7
4.2.3 Ratings and Features 7
4.2.4 Losses 8
4.2.5 Cooling system 9
4.2.6 Temperature rise 9
4.2.7 Short-circuit withstanding capability 9
4.2.8 Vibration and Noise Levels 9
4.2.9 On load-Circuit Tap Changer 9
4.2.10 Windings 12
4.2.11 Tank 12
4.2.12 Corrosion Protection 12
4.2.13 Oil 12
4.2.14 Bushings 12
4.2.15 Local control cabinet 13
4.2.16 Remote Control 13
4.2.17 Accessories 15
4.3 Phase Shifting Transformer 15
4.3.1 Power System Parameters and Characteristics 15
4.3.2 Reference Standards 16
4.3.3 General Design 16
4.3.4 Ratings and Features 16
4.3.5 Transformer Cores 17
4.3.6 Windings 18
4.3.7 Losses 19
4.3.8 Short-circuit withstanding capability 20
4.3.9 Bushings 20
4.3.10 Transformer Tanks 20
4.3.11 Conservators 21
4.3.12 Fittings 21
4.3.13 Corrosion Protection 22
4.3.14 On-Load Phase Angle Control Tap Changer 22
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page D
 4.3.15 Tap changer motor drives 23
4.3.16 Tap changer control 23
4.3.17 Cooling Equipment 24
4.3.18 Transformer oil 24
4.3.19 Control 25
4.3.20 Protection and Supervision 25
4.4 Control, Metering and Protection System 28
4.4.1 General 28
4.4.2 Equipment 33
4.4.3 Protection Equipment 38
4.4.4 Metering 46
4.4.5 Ancillary Electrical Parts 48
4.5 Computerized Control System (CCS) 51
4.5.1 General 51
4.5.2 Reference 51
4.5.3 Technical Requirement 51
4.5.4 Equipment Condition 53
4.5.5 Factory Routine Test 53
4.5.6 Installation 54
4.5.7 Site Test 54
4.5.8 Training 54
4.6 Communication System 55
4.6.1 General 55
4.6.2 Reference 55
4.6.3 Technical Requirement 55

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page D1
4. SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
4.1 115 kV and 22 kV Primary Equipment

4.1.1 General

All 115 kV and 22 kV primary equipment shall be designed and manufactured in accordance
with the latest edition of IEC standards. This includes the following main applicable
standards:

IEC 62271-100 High-voltage alternating-current circuit-breakers

IEC 62271-102 Alternating current disconnecting and earthing switches
IEC 60044-1 Current transformers
IEC 60044-5 Capacitor voltage transformers
IEC 60044-2 Inductive voltage transformers
IEC 60099-4 Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems

All 115 kV and 22 kV primary equipment and accessories shall be air insulated, installed
outdoors and meet the requirements specified this section.

4.1.2 115 kV and 22 kV Circuit Breakers

1) General Requirement

Circuit breakers shall be equipped with motor-charged spring operated mechanism

for 220 VAC. The motor-charged spring-operated devices shall have a direct-on-
line starter. It shall be possible to set the operating spring manually with a hand-
crank. Motors shall be designed in accordance with valid IEC publication and
operate correctly between 85% and 110% of rated voltage. The motors shall be
effectively protected. The motor circuits shall be controlled 2-pole (Phase) from
the motor-protection and end-position contacts. An auxiliary relay for alarm shall
be connected to the motor-voltage and have a closed contact for no voltage,
tripped motor-protection and unloaded spring.

The operating mechanism shall be provided with an anti-pumping device.

The circuit breaker shall have 110 VDC shunt coils for closing and tripping. The
coil and relays in the closing circuits shall operate correctly between 85% and
110% of the rated voltage. For tripping circuits the limits are 70% and 110%.

The operating devices shall be equipped with a selector switch for local and
remote control.

Manual closing for maintenance work shall be possible. Manual tripping

(mechanical) shall be possible even in the absence of supply voltage for
emergency situations, unless the breaker is locked out.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-1
 One set of auxiliary contacts necessary for control purposes shall be mechanically
linked to the circuit breaker. All contacts shall be wired and connected to
terminals in the cubicle.

A switch shall be provided for the operating voltage for each circuit breaker. The
switch shall in the open position prevent all electrical operations of circuit
breakers. The switch shall have at least 10 contacts and be labelled OPERATION.

The mechanism shall be provided with an operation counter for at least 9999 CO-
cycles.

The Contractor shall be responsible for complete erection of the power circuit
breakers including, but not necessarily limited to, the following :
a. Setting of anchor bolts and installation or supporting structure
b. Installation of all interphase piping
c. Installation of all interphase wiring and cubicles
d. Lubrication of all motors as required
e. Cleaning of all insulators and parts as required
f. Painting and repairing of any part of surface damaged during installation
g. Setting and adjustment of all auxiliary devices
h. Gaskets and O-rings once removed shall not be reinstalled. Newgaskets and
o-rings shall be cleaned and properly lubricate before installation.
i. Care shall be taken in handling all porcelain elements to prevent excessive
stress and strain.

2) Ratings and Features

1. Type SF6 Gas, outdoor, SF6 Gas or

live-tank, single Vacuum, outdoor,
pressure live-tank
2. Rated Voltage (kV) 115 22
3. Maximum voltage(kV) 123 24
4. Lightning impulse withstand voltage (kV)
• To earth and between poles 550 125
• Across the isolating distance 630 145
5. Power frequency withstand voltage (kV)
• To earth and between poles 230 50
• Across the isolating distance 265 60
6. Number of Interrupter per Pole ≥1 ≥1
7. Rated Frequency (Hz) 50 50
8. Rated normal current (A) 1,200 630
9. Breaking Capacity (kA rms) 40 25
10. Making Capacity (kA peak) 100 62.5
11. Type of Tripping Three - Pole Three - Pole
12. Operating mechanism Spring

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-2
 13. Operating sequence O-0.3s-CO-3 min-CO
14. Terminal Connectors (NEMA Pad) 4-hole
15. Auxiliary supply
• AC (Motor-charged spring) • 220 VAC
• DC (Control circuit) • 110 VDC
16. Closing circuits, min-max (VDC) 85-110% of VDC
17. Tripping circuits, min-max (VDC) 70-110% of VDC
18. Applicable standard IEC 62271-100

4.1.3 115 kV and 22 kV Disconnecting / Earthing Switch

1) General Requirement

The disconnecting switches shall be of centre break or centre rotating type with
horizontal operation.

All disconnecting switches shall provide the possibility for a manual operation
with a hand crank.

Disconnecting switches with a manually operated earth switch shall be provided

with a mechanical interlocking between the disconnecting switch and the earthing
switch to prevent closing of the earthing switch when the disconnecting switch is
in the closed position.

The disconnecting switches and the earth switch shall be possible to lock with
padlock in open and closed position.

Motor operated disconnecting switches shall be designed with three-pole

operation and shall operate on 220 VAC. The motor shall be designed in
accordance with valid IEC publication and work correctly between 85% and 110%
of rated voltage. The motor shall be effectively protected. Electric control shall
always be two-pole to avoid mal-operation in case of earth faults.

Motor operated disconnecting switches shall be designed for control and position
indication from remote. The operating device shall be equipped with a selector
switch for local and remote control.

The Contractor shall assemble all the disconnecting switches and power fuses and
shall erect them on the corresponding support structures. The poles of each
disconnecting switch shall be precisely aligned on such structure The Contractor
shall make sure that the disconnecting switches are correctly adjusted.

2) Ratings and Features

1.Type Outdoor, Three Outdoor, Three

• Disconnecting switch without earthing switches Phase Phase
• Disconnecting switch with earthing switches
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-3
 2. Rated Voltage (kV) 115 22
3. Maximum Rating Voltage (kV) 123 24
4. Rated Current (A) 1,250 630
5. Rated short time withstand current (kA) 40 25
6. Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage-to Earth (kV)
• Phase to earth 550 125
• Across open switching device 630 145
7. Power Frequency Withstand Voltage-to Earth (kV)
• Phase to earth 230 50
• Across open switching device 265 60

8. Operating Mechanism
• Disconnecting switch without earthing switches Motor operated
• Disconnecting switch with earthing switches
o Main Blade o Motor operated
o Earthing Blades o Manual
9. Mounting position Horizontal
10. Terminal Connectors (NEMA Pad) 4-hole
11. Voltage operating of opening and closing circuit,
min-max (V DC) 85-110% of VDC
12. Applicable standard IEC 62271-102

4.1.4 115 kV and 22 kV Current Transformers

1) General Requirement

Current transformer will be post type and have ceramic insulation and are of the
hairpin type.

Current transformers for 115kV shell have minimum five secondary winding, for
measuring and relay protection purposes. CT’s for 22kV shall have a minimum of
two secondary winding.

Earthing of secondary windings shall be done through a disconnectable terminal

inside the low-voltage cabinet. Unused cores shall be wired to terminals and short-
circuited in the low-voltage cabinet.

A legible circuit-diagram plate showing the transformer connection and terminal

markings, shall be permanently fixed inside the low-voltage cabinet. The separate
main data for the different cores shall be shown on the plate.

The Contractor shall erect the equipment on their supporting steel structures
taking care of their verticality, install junction boxes, conduit pipes and connect
the conductor with the junction box.

2) Ratings and Features

1. Type Outdoor, Outdoor,

single phase, single phase,
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-4
 oil filled oil filled
2. Rated Voltage (kV) 115 22
3. Maximum Rating Voltage(kV) 123 24
4. Rated Frequency (Hz) 50 50
5. Power Frequency Withstand Voltage dry/wet (kV) 230 50
6. Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage (kV) 550 125
7. Primary short circuit current (kA) 40 25
8. Terminal Connectors (NEMA Pad) 4-hole
9. Applicable standard IEC 60044-1 & IEC 60044-6

Description Ratio Nb core Accuracy Burden

115 kV 1200/900/600/300 : 1 2 0.2M5 30 VA
(115kV Hongsa substation) 3 5P20 30 VA
22 kV 600/300 : 1 1 0.5M5 30 VA
(22kV Hongsa substation) 1 5P20 30 VA
22 kV 2000 : 1 2 0.2M5 30 VA
(Mine substation)

4.1.5 115 kV and 22 kV Voltage Transformers

1) General Requirement

Voltage transformer for 115kV shall be of capacitive type, and 22kV shall be of
inductive type, which are equipped with ceramic HV insulation.

Earthing of secondary windings shall be done through a disconnectable terminal

inside the low-voltage cabinet. Each secondary winding shall be protected with
individual MCB's or fuses. To prevent maloperation of relay protection, interlock
system, etc. a supervision device for the MCB's or fuses shall be provided.

A legible circuit-diagram plate showing the transformer connection and terminal

markings, shall be permanently fixed inside the low-voltage cabinet. The separate
main data for the different cores shall be shown on the plate.

The Contractor shall erect the equipment on their supporting steel structures
taking care of their verticality, install junction boxes, conduit pipes and connect
the conductor with the junction box.

2) Ratings and Features

1. Type Outdoor, oil Outdoor, oil

filled, filled,
Capacitive Inductive

2. Rated Voltage(kV) 115 22

3. Maximum Rating Voltage(kV) 123 24
4. Rated Frequency (Hz) 50 50
5. Power Frequency Withstand Voltage dry/wet (kV) 230 50

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-5
 6. Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage (kV) 550 125
7. High Voltage Capacitance (pF) 8,800 -
8. Terminal Connectors (NEMA Pad) 4-hole 2-hole
9. Applicable standard IEC 60044-2

Description Ratio Nb of Class/VF Burden

core
115 kV 115000 1 0.2/1.5VF 200 VA
(115kV Hongsa substation)
3 1 3P/1.5VF 200 VA
115 115
: / 115 // / 115
3 3
22 kV 22000 1 0.5/1.5VF 100 VA
(22kV Hongsa substation)
3 1 3P/1.5VF 100 VA
110 110
: / 110 // / 110
3 3
22 kV 20000 110 1 0.2/1.5VF 100 VA
(Mine substation) : / 110
3 3

4.1.6 115 kV and 22 kV Surge Arresters

1) General Requirement
The surge arresters shall be of ZnO-type and heavy-duty station class. One common surge
counter per three-phase group of arresters shall be provided.

2) Ratings and Features

1. Type Outdoor, ZnO

2. System Voltage (kV) 115 22

3. Rated Voltage (kV) 120 21
4. Maximum System Voltage (kV) 123 24
5. Nominal Discharge Current (kA) 10 10
6. Protected Equipment BIL (kV) 550 125
7. Applicable standard IEC 60044-2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-6
4.2 Power Transformer

4.2.1 Reference Standards

All transformers shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the latest edition of
IEC standards. This includes the following main applicable standards:

IEC 60076 Power Transformers

IEC 60137 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V
IEC 60214 On-load tap-changers
IEC 60296 Specification for unused mineral insulation oils for transformers and
switchgear
IEC 60354 Loading guide for oil-immersed transformers
IEC 60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures
IEC 60542 Application guide for on-load tap-changers
IEC 60551 Measurement of transformer and reactor sound levels.

4.2.2 General Design

Power transformers shall be 3 phase, oil immersed consisting of a complete independent unit
with on-load tap changer (OLTC), cooling equipment, auxiliaries and accessories. The design
shall comply with IEC 60076.

The transformer shall be capable of operating continuously at the specified output and at
voltages at 10% higher than the rated voltages at any tap without undue heating, vibration,
noise and other operating difficulties. All items, except for windings, shall be designed for
continuous current of 120% of the rated current, without exceeding the temperature rises
prescribed in the Standards.

4.2.3 Ratings and Features

1. Type Outdoor, three-phase, two-winding, oil-
filled, conservator type with OLTC
2. Rated Frequency (Hz) 50
3. Rated Voltage (kV)
• HV • 115
• LV • 22
4. Highest System Voltage (kV)
• HV • 123
• LV • 24
5. Class ONAN/ONAF
6. Rated Capacity (MVA)
• 22kV Hongsa Substation • 20
• Mine substation • 50/70

7. BIL (kV)
• Winding HV/LV/Neutral • 550/150/125
• Bushing HV/LV/Neutral • 550/150/125

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-7
 8. Winding Connection
• HV • Wye (solidly grounded)
• LV • Wye (solidly grounded)
9. Vector Group Yn0yn0D1
10. Per phase Impedance at Rated Voltage 10
(%)
11. Load Tap Changer (Rated Voltage Base) 115 ± 6x1.25 %
12. Winding Insulation Temperature Class 105
(°C)
13. LV terminal Connection Clamp type
14. Creepage Distance (mm)(≥25 mm/kV)
• HV • ≥3,075
• LV • ≥ 600
• Neutral • ≥ 600
15. Porcelain Insulator Color Brown
16. Winding Temp. Rise when carrying
Max. Continuous Rated Current (°C)
• Average • ≤ 60
• Hottest Spot • ≤ 75
• Top oil • ≤ 55
17. Power Supply System
• AC • 400/230V-3 phases, 4 wires
grounded neutral
• DC • 110 V
18. Surge Arrester (Tank Mounted Type)
HV Side
• Quantity per Phase • 1
• Rated Voltage • 96 kV
LV Side
• Quantity per Phase • 1
• Voltage • 21 kV

4.2.4 Losses
The losses shall be stated and guaranteed in the Bidding Document. The capitalised value of
the guaranteed losses will be taken into account when comparing Bids and will be added to
the Bid price. The losses will be capitalised at the rates as follows:

No-load losses: USD x,xxx/kW; Load losses: USD x,xxx/kW.

The guaranteed losses are to be maximum values and shall not be exceeded. If the tested
losses exceed the guaranteed losses but are within the tolerances allowed in IEC 60076 then
losses in excess of the guarantees shall be capitalised at the evaluation rate and the amount
deducted from the contract price. There will be no credit for losses under guarantee.

The values for losses stated by the Contractor in the Bidding Documents shall be verified
during the factory tests.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-8
The Engineer has the right to reject transformers that exceed the tolerances allowed by IEC
60076.

4.2.5 Cooling system

Transformers shall be capable of operating under the ONAN and ONAN/ONAF conditions as
stated as above. The manufacturer shall advise the maximum reduced rating output power
with the cooling fans out-of-service.

The coolers shall be detachable and equipped with lifting eyes, vent holes with plugs, plugs
for filling and draining and with shutoff valves to permit the removal of any cooler without
draining the oil from the transformer tank. The coolers shall be hot-dip galvanized and shall
be removable during operation.

4.2.6 Temperature rise

For cores and other parts the rise in temperature shall, in no case, reach a value that will
damage the core itself, metallic parts or adjacent materials.

4.2.7 Short-circuit withstanding capability

The transformer shall be designed and constructed to withstand, on any tapping, without
damage, the thermal and mechanical effects of any short-circuit (three phase short-circuits and
solid line-to-ground short-circuits, etc.) that can appear at the terminal of any winding.

4.2.8 Vibration and Noise Levels

Special attention shall be given in order to avoid undue vibrations and noise in the
transformer.

4.2.9 On load-Circuit Tap Changer

1) General

On-load tap changers (OLTC), for manual control and electrical remote control shall
be provided. The OLTC shall comprise a tap selector with changeover switch and a
rotary diverter switch of high-speed transition resistor type. The OLTC shall be in
conformity with IEC 60214 and IEC 60542. Only designs that have been type tested
in accordance with the relevant IEC standards will be accepted.

The OLTC shall be mounted from the cover into the transformer tank at narrow
sides of the transformer tank. The diverter switches and/or selector switches shall
have oil compartments separate from the transformer oil as well as their own closed
sub-sections in the oil conservator.

The tap changer head shall be equipped with a bleeding duct to be connected to
Buchholz relay of main tank to avoid any gas collection underneath the tap changer
head outside the diverter switch compartments. No piping or other equipment shall
be arranged beyond the tap changer head to allow lifting of the diverter switches
and/or selector switches without removing (dismantling) of any other equipment.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-9
 An oil-flow operated protection relay and a sudden-pressure operated protection
relay shall be provided for internal failure protection. In addition a spring-loaded
pressure relief device with trip contact shall be mounted directly onto the tap
changer head.

The power of the transformers shall remain constant at all tap positions, and the
OLTC shall be capable of successful tap changes for the maximum current to which
the transformer can be loaded.

The permissible continuous through-current of each tap changer unit at rated

switching capacity shall cover all cyclic loading duties as per IEC 60354 at highest
current tap and at rated system operation voltage applied on the transformer
terminals.

The OLTC shall withstand all kinds of through-fault currents for at least 3 (three)
seconds without damage.

The motor drive, plus all auxiliary equipment for operation of the tap changer, shall
be incorporated in a control cabinet made, protection class IP66, and shall be
mounted onto the transformer tank in a convenient floor height.

The complete wiring shall be of highly flexible stranded copper and furnished with
slip-over ferrules at both ends. Wiring shall also have crimped termination. The
minimum cross-section of the wiring other than for step-position transmitters shall
be 2.5 mm2.

The AC supply of the motor drive cabinet shall occur via the control cabinet for
cooling equipment or marshalling box, and an appropriate MCB with trip contact
shall be provided in the concerned cabinet for the outgoing auxiliary supply cable.

The cabinet shall be mounted on a narrow side of the transformer and the following
main equipment shall be installed:

• Driving motor with complete motor protection equipment

• Operation counter
• Control switch or push buttons for local raise/lower operations (properly
protected against unauthorised operation)
• Electrical limit switches
• Mechanical stops in end positions
• Step position indicator ("1" related to the position with the maximum high
voltage)
• Local/remote switch
• Voltage supervisory relays for all phases of supply voltage and main circuits of
control voltage
• MCB’s for driving motor and each auxiliary supply circuit
• Hand lamp (controlled via door contact)
• One heater, thermostatically controlled
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-10
 • Minimum one conventional position transmitter of the resistor type
• Additional end position contacts
• Spare plug socket LV, AC (BS) with MCB 10 A
• Terminal blocks with terminals of single insertion type with isolating facilities
and test connectors and being universally suitable for connection of solid
conductors from 0.5 mm2 up to a cross-section of at least 10 mm2 (Phoenix or
equivalent), with ten percent spare terminals on each terminal block
• Crank handle for manual operation
• Padlock facilities for front door
• All equipment installed in the cabinet shall be designed for a cubicle inside
temperature of at least 70ºC
• A rigid pocket for storing the related paper drawings shall be securely fixed on
the inner side of the door of this cabinet.

The motor drive shall meet the following requirements:

• Mechanical indication of step position at the motor drive cabinet

• Transmission of step positions of the transformers to the local control room
• Manual operation in the case of a failure in the electrical supply system
• Step-by-step operation with automatic stop after each step
• Automatic restart of tap changing operation in the case of a failure in the
electrical supply system, interlocking to be provided against simultaneous
raise/lower operation
• Blocking of end positions by means of limit switches
• Provisions to be made for parallel running and automatic operation controlled
by a voltage regulating device and parallel control unit.

2) Parallel Operation and Voltage Regulation

The power transformers shall be able to be operated in parallel. Suitable automatic

paralleling equipment shall be provided which can be operated by selector switches
mounted on the transformer control panel at the control room.

3) Performance Characteristics of Motors

a) The motor shall be capable of giving rated output without reduction in the
expected life span when operated continuously under the following supply
conditions:
• Variation of supply voltage from rated motor voltage ±10 %
• Variation of frequency ±5 %
• Combined over or under excitation ±10 %
b) The motor shall be capable of starting and maintaining the load with the
applicable method of starting without exceeding acceptable winding
temperature when the supply voltage is in the range of 85 % of the rated supply
voltage
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-11
 c) The motor shall be suitable for full voltage direct on line starting
d) AC motors shall be of the three-phase type
e) The vibrations of motors shall be within the limits specified in applicable
standards
f) Insulation shall be given tropical and fungicidal treatment suitable for hot,
humid climate.

4.2.10 Windings

The turns in coils shall be thoroughly treated in such a way as to develop the full mechanical
and electrical strength of the transformer.

The core shall be made of high grade, unaging, cold rolled grain oriented steel. Laminations
shall have low losses and high permeability. Insulated packets of the core are to be connected
so that no potential differences will exist between them. Flux distortion shall be minimized to
reduce noise level.

The cores, framework, clamping arrangements, shall be capable of withstanding any shocks to
which the equipment may be subjected during transport and operation.

4.2.11 Tank

The tank shall be constructed of high-grade steel plate, suitable reinforced to withstand
handling and pressure during faulty condition without any destruction. The tank shall be
provided with manholes, valves and de-aerating cocks as may be required for the prescribed
maintenance of the transformer. The tank shall be provided with earthing terminals for a wire
of 95 mm2 at two opposite sides of the tank.

4.2.12 Corrosion Protection

The corrosion protection shall be carried out as specified in Section 2.17 in the General
requirements.

4.2.13 Oil

The oil shall contain at least 0.3 per cent by weight oxidation inhibitor of type diterbutyl
paracresol (DBPC) according to IEC 60296.

The oil shall not contain PCB. If oil samples taken from the transformer on delivery contain 2
ppm or more PCB, the Engineer has the right to refuse the delivery of the transformer.

4.2.14 Bushings

Bushings shall be of type stated in IEC 60137.

Connections from the windings to the bushings shall have the necessary flexibility. The
bushings shall be installed so that they are easy to check and remove, without removing the
tank cover nor the pipe work.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-12
4.2.15 Local control cabinet

The cabinet shall satisfy the requirement of IP54 and shall have either hinged door and lock or
provision for pad locking. All protection, control, switching equipment and terminal blocks
for internal and external connection, including control equipment for the stationary oil
treatment plant, shall be installed in this cabinet. The cabinet shall be supplied complete and a
moisture control heater with lamp controlled by door switch. Terminal block shall have a
minimum of 5 per cent spare points. Sufficient cable glands or removable conduit plate for
cable entry shall be provided.

The following devices shall be provided in the local control cabinet:

a) "Raise and lower" switch for manual control at the transformer.
b) "Local-remote" key switch
c) Circuit breaker for control and power supply circuits.
d) Circuit breaker for motor protection circuit.
e) Power "On" indicator.
f) Convenient outlet for single phase, 220 VAC and interior lamp and heater.
g) Interlock in control circuit to prevent operation in wrong direction of rotation.
h) Additional contact assembly for sensing the position of tap changer and suitable
for use in conjunction with CCS equipment.
i) Voltage monitoring circuit which shall indicate alarm signal in case voltage lower
or higher than limit caused by the failure of automatic voltage regulating relay.
j) Control circuit for preventing continuous operation of tap changer, which shall
block the operation of motor drive after an adjustable setting time.
k) Undervoltage relay for motor AC supply.
l) Voltmeter and ammeter.

4.2.16 Remote Control

For control, indication and fault signaling of the power transformer shall be provided at the
transformer control board (RCC) for the followings:
a) OLTC set on local/remote, individual/parallel, master/follower.
b) Tap position indicator.
c) Automatic-off-manual selector switch for the on load tap changer.
d) Raise and lower switch for on load tap changer.
e) Signal lamp for local control mode for the on load tap changer.
f) Signal lamp for tap changer in progress.
g) Automatic voltage regulating device. This device shall have provision for setting
voltage, voltage bandwidth, time delay or load current controlled and test facilities
to check operation of device. The under voltage and over current blocking feature
shall also be included.
h) Overcurrent relay in order to prevent the tap-changer operation during short-
circuit.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-13
 i) Alarm annunciator for the following faults, as a minimum shall be provided at the
transformer feeder bay level. The supply source for the alarm annunciator is 110
VDC.
• Over oil temperature.
• Low oil level
• OLTC low oil level
• Tap changing delay
• Tap out of position
• OLTC lower limit
• OLTC upper limit
• Winding temperature alarm
• Buchholz alarm
• * Buchholz trip
• * Winding temperature trip
• Transformer relief valve
• * OLTC protective relay trip.
• Transformer differential relay trip.
• Phase overcurrent relay trip
• OLTC control source trip.
• VT fail
• Fan motor overload
• Fan motor running
• Tap difference (between 2 transformers)
• OLTC motor breaker trip
*indicated the fault that free tripping contact shall also be provided.
j) Provision for connection to the station alarm.
k) Automatic-off-manual selector switch and on-off push-button switches for switching
each group of fan with visual indicators to show the current operating group of fan.
l) Terminal block with at least 5 % spare terminals.
Each transformer control board (RCC) shall have alarm annunciator to describe all faults that
develop in the transformer and control or alarm circuit.
The following functions shall be remotely controlled by CCS, therefore the supplier shall
prepare command signal terminals block suitable for receiving command signal of 110 VDC
from the CCS equipment:
a) Automatic and Manual command for the OLTC.
b) Raise-Lower command for the OLTC.

Additional free contact shall be provided for the following equipment to be used in
conjunction with the CCS equipment.
a) Transformer oil level
b) Transformer relief valve
c) Buchholz trip
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-14
 d) Winding temperature alarm
e) OLTC protective relay trip.

4.2.17 Accessories

The following accessories shall be provided for the transformer:

• Oil temperature indicator for the top oil equipped with a maximum reading device
individually insulated and separately adjustable contacts for alarm and tripping
• Winding temperature indicator shall be equipped with a maximum reading device
individually insulated and separately adjustable contacts for alarm and tripping
• Buchholz relay for gas protection with separate contacts for signal and tripping
• Oil level indicator equipped with signal contacts for maximum and minimum signals
• Oil drying device, type Silica Gel
• Terminal box equipped with disconnectable terminals for signal cables to the auxiliary
cubicle
• The on-load-circuit tap changer shall be provided with a mechanism for automatic
operation. The operating mechanism shall be provided with a tap position indicator.

4.3 Phase Shifting Transformer

Electricite du Laos (EDL) is currently developing proposals for an extension to it’s 115 kV
transmission system to form a link to a new thermal power plant that will be located in the
Hongsa valley. Due to existing system interconnection issues, two 115 kV, 180MVA
throughput phase shifting transformers (PST) will be required to manage powerflow between
two proposed 115 kV substations located in the Hongsa valley and near Luangprabang city.

4.3.1 Power System Parameters and Characteristics

All transformers shall be designed and manufactured for efficient operation under Lao
conditions. The following system characteristics and climatic conditions data are provided for
guidance in designing the equipment.

115 kV HV Transmission System

Nominal voltage Un 115 kV

Highest system voltage Umax 123 kV
Standard Frequency 50 Hz
System configuration 3 phase
Earthing Solidly earthed
Insulation coordination IEC 60071-1
Rated impulse withstand (peak) 550 kV
Rated 1 min power frequency withstand (peak) 230 kV

The manufacturer shall design the transformer for efficient and reliable operation in the
environmental conditions that will occur in the Hongsa region of Laos giving consideration to
environmental factors such as altitude, temperature, humidity, airborn contaminants, rain etc.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-15
4.3.2 Reference Standards

All transformers shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the latest edition of
IEC standards. This includes the following main applicable standards:

IEC 60076 Power Transformers

IEC 60137 Bushings for alternating voltages above 1000 V
IEC 62032 Guide for the Application, Specification and Testing of Phase-Shifting
Transformers
IEC 60214 On-load tap-changers
IEC 60296 Specification for unused mineral insulation oils for transformers and
switchgear
IEC 60354 Loading guide for oil-immersed transformers
IEC 60529 Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures
IEC 60542 Application guide for on-load tap-changers
IEC 60551 Measurement of transformer and reactor sound levels.

4.3.3 General Design

Loading beyond nameplate rating, including all components, shall be possible in accordance
with IEC 60076-7. Transformers shall be designed to tolerate infrequent short term
overloading during system emergency conditions. At an ambient temperature of 40°C the
PST shall be capable of operation at 264 MVA for 25 to 30 minutes after 1 p.u. pre-load. The
manufacturer shall provide information describing any operating limitations that would apply
during such an overload (for example tap changer limitations) and the effect that such
overloading may have on reducing transformer life.

It is proposed that two identical phase shifting transformers will be operated in parallel. The
manufacturer shall advise any operational issues, limitations or constraints that may arise from
parallel operation.

4.3.4 Ratings and Features

1. Type Outdoor, three-phase, symmetrical single

core phase shifting transformer, oil-filled,
conservator type with OLTC controlling
phase angle.
2. Rated Frequency (Hz) 50
3. Rated Voltage (kV)
• Station Side (Source Terminal) • 115
• Line Side (Load Terminal) • 115
4. Highest System Voltage (kV) 123
5. Class ONAF or OFAF
6. Rated throughput Capacity (MVA) 180/220 MVA ONAN/ONAF or
ONAN/OFAF
7. BIL winding (kV) 550

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-16
 8. BIL of Neutral (kV) To be determined at design review.

9. Vector Group Symmetrical single core phase shifting

transformer.

10. Short Circuit Impedance Range (%) Less than 10% at all phase angle settings.

11. On-load (external) phase angle range equal to or greater than ± 35° at a
advance / retard throughput of 220 MVA and power factor
equal or greater than 0.9, leading or lagging.
12. Winding Insulation Temperature Class 105
(°C)
13. Tap and position Maximum of 2 degrees phase shift per step.
A smaller step size may be necessary in
order to meet the switching power
limitations of the OLTC.

The phase shifting transformer shall be

capable of performing a minimum of 35 tap
changing operations per hour at maximum
ambient temperature (+40°C) and at rated
throughput.
14. Creepage Distance (mm/kV) > 25 mm/kV
15. Voltage Unbalance <1%
16. System Fault Level 12.5 kA
17. Winding Temp. Rise when carrying
Max. Continuous Rated Current (°C)
• Average • ≤ 60
• Hottest Spot • ≤ 75
• Top oil • 105 °C for normal operation and
115 °C for emergency loading
18. Power Supply System
• AC • 400/230V-3 phases, 4 wires
grounded neutral
• DC • 110 V
19. Surge Arrester (Tank Mounted Type)
Station and Line Side
• Quantity per Phase • 1
• Rated Voltage • 120 kV
20. Porcelain Insulator Color Brown

4.3.5 Transformer Cores

The flux density of the yoke and that of the limbs of the phase shifting transformer cores shall
take into account the effect of the load dependent increase of excitation in the series unit in the
retard condition and other operating conditions as per IEC.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-17
Materials for the iron core shall be of thin sheet laminations of cold-rolled high quality grain-
oriented silicon steel. The core sheets shall be treated with high bonding, non-hygroscopic
insulating material that is resistant to hot oil and will not deteriorate under pressure. The core
sheets must be free from burrs. The specifics of the maximum burr allowable are to be
presented at design review.

If necessary oil ducts shall be included in the core design to maintain the core operating
temperature within safe limits. The core internal hot spot temperature shall not exceed 130 ºC
under any continuous operating conditions.

Where the core is divided into packets by cooling ducts parallel to the planes of laminations or
by insulating material, electrical continuity between packets has to be ensured by appropriate
means.

Clamping bolts through the laminations shall not be used for the securing together of core
laminations. The core ground shall be brought outside the tank for grounding.

Local mechanical strains must be to be avoided, as they adversely affect no-load losses and
sound levels.

Any electrically conducting core-clamping structure shall be designed in a way that does not
allow circulating currents or induced voltages to build up.

The material for the core clamping structure shall be chosen and the structure shall be
designed to ensure that stray losses due to the leakage flux of the transformer is kept to a
minimum without sacrificing the mechanical strength of the structure. The temperature rise of
any component not in direct contact with cellulose insulation shall not exceed 100 ºC.

The entire structure shall be securely fixed to the tank to prevent any movement relative to the
tank during normal operation, transportation, system faults, or earthquake.

The clamping structure shall be isolated from the core and the tank and grounded at single
point on the outside of the tank.

4.3.6 Windings

Windings shall be made of copper conductors. Windings must be designed to withstand all
dielectric, mechanical and thermal stresses for the given service and system fault conditions
and as prescribed by the applicable Standards. The transformer winding design must be of a
nature that will allow chopped wave impulse tests to be passed.

The dielectric stresses in the windings shall be controlled by proper selection of the winding
type and either interleaving or electrostatic stress shields shall be applied where necessary.

Inter-turn insulation of windings shall be of high-grade thermally upgraded paper and

insulation between windings and between windings and core shall be a combination of
concentric cylinders and annular oil ducts.

The design of the windings and leads shall have adequate margin to safely withstand test and
service voltages, including all transients and over-voltages.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-18
Transient voltages shall be determined by using proven programs, which are based on
complete equivalent circuits including all electrical and magnetic parameters of the windings.
The supplier shall prove (at design review) that the program is reliable for modelling the
phase shifting transformer design.

All windings shall be designed to withstand the forces generated by fault currents at 1.1 p.u.
pre-fault system voltages as per IEC Standard.

All windings having inward radial forces shall be designed to withstand “free buckling”
condition, which assumes no inner radial support.

Local hot spots shall be prevented by appropriate choice of strand dimensions.

The individual winding hot spot temperature rise for the worst condition shall not exceed 75
K. The hot spot temperature rise shall be calculated as the sum of the bottom oil temperature
rise + oil temperature increment in the cooling ducts of individual windings + gradient at the
maximum. Eddy loss location including the effects of any cooling blockages.

The leads shall be sized to limit the temperature rise to 75 K maximum and shall not be a
limiting factor for overload conditions.

Windings shall be provided with radial and axial oil ducts where necessary for cooling
purposes.

Each completed core-winding assembly shall be oven and vacuum dried before impregnation.

The process of winding sizing and drying, shall be such as to minimize insulation shrinkage
after assembly.

After the final drying process of the core-winding assembly, the final coil clamping pressure
shall be applied and secured by a suitable coil clamping structure.

After the drying process, and after assembly into the transformer tank, the core-winding
assembly shall be impregnated with oil under vacuum before high voltage tests are carried out.

The maximum moisture content of the insulation material shall not exceed 0.5% at time of
shipping. If for any reason the moisture content exceeds manufacturer limits upon arrival to
site a drying process is required prior to oil filling.

The completed core-winding assemblies shall be securely fastened to the transformer main
tanks. The clamping structure shall be designed to minimise stray losses.

4.3.7 Losses
The losses shall be stated and guaranteed by the transformer manufacturer. The capitalised
value of the guaranteed losses will be taken into account when comparing Bids.

The guaranteed losses are to be maximum values and shall not be exceeded. If the tested
losses exceed the guaranteed losses but are within the tolerances allowed in IEC 60076 then
losses in excess of the guarantees shall be capitalised at the evaluation rate and the amount
deducted from the contract price. There will be no credit for losses under guarantee.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-19
The values for losses stated by the Contractor in the offer shall be verified during the factory
tests.

The Employer has the right to reject transformers that exceed the tolerances allowed by IEC
60076.

4.3.8 Short-circuit withstanding capability

The transformer shall be designed and constructed to withstand, on any tapping, without
damage, the thermal and mechanical effects of any short-circuit (three phase short-circuits and
solid line-to-ground short-circuits, etc.) that can appear at the terminal of any winding.

4.3.9 Bushings

Bushings shall be of type stated in IEC 60137. Connections from the windings to the bushings
shall have the necessary flexibility to allow for bushing removal and re-installation. The
bushings shall be installed so that so that they can removed and replaced, without removing
the tank cover or the pipe work.

4.3.10 Transformer Tanks

The transformer tanks shall be of welded steel construction, designed to withstand all stresses
during operation and transportation.

Tanks and conservators shall be able to withstand full vacuum and an overpressure of 0.6 bar
at the tank cover.

The separator between the main tank and the interconnection compartment should also
withstand full vacuum and the prescribed pressure.

The tank covers shall be welded, ensuring tightness over the entire ambient and operating
temperature ranges.

There shall be manholes and hand holes of sufficient number and size to allow for assembly,
inspection and repair of bushings, tap changers, internal current transformers and internal
surge arresters if applicable.

All cover openings shall have an upright collar at least 25 mm high. Covers shall be provided
with lifting eyes.

Gaskets shall be selected and dimensioned as to ensure tightness over the entire ambient and
operating temperature ranges.

Man or hand holes shall be provided to allow for assembly and inspection. The conductors
inside the connections compartments shall be securely positioned for safe operation under all
specified operating conditions.

Fall protection shall be provided. Details to be agreed during design review.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-20
Each phase shifting transformer shall be provided with the following lifting and haulage
facilities:
• An arrangement of lifting lugs to enable the lifting of the unit without oil under
transport conditions.
• An arrangement of haulage lugs to enable hauling of the units complete with oil.
• A set of jacking lugs at convenient positions to enable the units complete with oil to be
raised or lowered by means of hydraulic or screw jacks.
• A set of lifting eyes or bollards suitable for the removal of the tank cover.

All nuts and bolts 16 mm in diameter and smaller when used on the exterior parts of the
transformer exposed to atmosphere shall be made of stainless steel and have demonstrated
good resistance to seizing.

Nuts and bolts over 16 mm shall be of a material proven to resist corrosion and seizing.

The tank shall be provided with earthing terminals on each of the four corners of each tank.

4.3.11 Conservators

Each transformer shall have its own diaphragm-sealed type conservator. The OLTCs shall
have their own conservator compartment without diaphragm.

The conservators shall be detachable for transportation and one end of the tank shall also be
removable for cleaning purposes.

The air outlet from the conservator tanks shall be connected to a breather mounted at a
convenient position above ground level. The breathers shall be provided with a sight glass for
inspection of the condition of the drying agent. The breathers shall be weather-proof, insect-
proof and vermin-proof.

Each conservator tank shall be provided with approved magnetic dial type oil level gauge with
low oil level alarm devices. The oil level gauge shall be so positioned that the oil level
indication is visible at ground level.

4.3.12 Fittings

Pipe adapters for vacuum, oil handling and oil sampling shall be provided. Details to be
agreed during design review.

An air breather is required for each separate oil conservator.. The breather shall contain a
high quality desiccant, in sufficient quantity to provide a desiccant life of at least 12 months.
The breather shall be of a design that allows on site replacement of the desiccant from bulk
stock without use of special tools. Piping and connections to the breather shall be of rigid iron
construction.

Flanges for the optional connection of gas-in-oil and moisture-in-oil sensors shall be provided.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-21
Valves for coolers: An oil shut-off valve shall be provided between each cooler and tank or
header at all oil entry and exit junctions. All valves shall be equipped with a valve position
indicator to indicate “valve open” or “valve closed”. The valves shall be lockable in the open
and closed position. Steel Blanking plates for all openings shall be supplied.

The radiators shall have a solid Hexsteel plug provided at the top and ball type drain valves at
the bottom.
• Valves for vacuum ports: One vacuum outlet shall be provided on the end of the
transformer opposite to the filling valve. Flange dimensions to be clarified during design
review. This opening shall be supplied with a gasket and cover.
• Valve for oil filling: One pipe outlet shall be supplied near one end of the cover. This
outlet will be used for oil filling and shall be equipped with a ball valve. The inside of
this opening shall be equipped with a screen cup or other method of oil diffusion. The
valve shall be fitted with a Hexsteel plug.
• Valve for oil draining: One valve with solid Hexsteel threaded plug shall be provided.
This valve shall be located as close as practical to the bottom of the tank to allow
complete drainage.
• Valve for oil sampling: One valve with solid Hexsteel plug shall be provided as a
sample valve. The valve shall be identified as the sample valve if other valves of a
similar size are installed. This valve shall be located as near as practical to the drain
valve for mechanical protection, but with sufficient clearance to permit sampling with
260 mm high sampling container.

4.3.13 Corrosion Protection

The corrosion protection shall be carried out as specified in Section 2.17 in the General
Requirements.

4.3.14 On-Load Phase Angle Control Tap Changer

On Load Tap Changers (OLTCs) shall be provided to regulate the phase angle difference
between the input and output voltage over the range of -35 to +35 degrees at full rated
throughput. The maximum phase angle change per step shall be 2 degrees. Reversal of the
angle range under load may be accomplished by the use of reversing switches that are either
part of the OLTCs or alternatively by a separate Advance-Retard-Switch. The transformer
windings and tappings shall be arranged to ensure that the no load magnitude of the input to
output voltage voltage remains constant and unity over the tapping range.

An oil-flow operated protection relay and a sudden-pressure operated protection relay shall be
provided for internal failure protection. In addition a spring-loaded pressure relief device with
trip contact shall be mounted directly onto the tap changer housing.

The permissible continuous through-current of each tap changer unit at rated switching capacity
shall cover all cyclic loading duties as per IEC 60354 at highest current tap and at rated system
operation voltage applied on the transformer terminals.

The OLTC shall withstand all kinds of through-fault currents for at least 3 (three) seconds
without damage.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-22
Dial type thermometers for the tap changer oil in each separate oil compartment shall be
provided.

The OLTC shall be manufactured by MASCHINENFABRIK REINHAUSEN (MR),

Germany, ABB or equivalent.

4.3.15 Tap changer motor drives

The phase angle regulating OLTC shall be capable of being operated by motor and by hand
while on load. A removable handle shall be provided for manual operation and it shall be
stored in the OLTC cabinet. The handle shall automatically block electrical control when it is
inserted for manual operation.

The tap changer motors and controls shall be suitable for the control supply voltage specified.

Overload protection shall be provided for the control circuit power supply. Tap changer motor
protection shall consist of a molded case, overcurrent automatic circuit breaker with manual
reset. Single phase motors shall not incorporate a centrifugal switch.

Electrical limit switches and mechanical stops or declutching devices shall be incorporated to
prevent over travel beyond the maximum raise and lower positions.

A mechanical tap position indication with maximum and minimum resettable drag hands shall
be provided. The indicator shall be visible by the operator changing the taps by the motor or
by hand. The indicator shall be visible without having to open the door. A non-resettable
operation counter shall be provided.

The motor drive, plus all auxiliary equipment for operation of the tap changer, shall be
incorporated in a control cabinet made to protection class IP66. The control cabinet shall be
mounted onto the transformer tank at a convenient height.

The complete wiring shall be of highly flexible stranded copper and furnished with slip-over
ferrules at both ends. Wiring shall also have crimped termination. The minimum cross-section of
the wiring other than for step-position transmitters shall be 2.5 mm2.

4.3.16 Tap changer control

Remote tap position indication equipment shall be provided for each of the tap changer motor
drives. Single pole multi-position (equal to number of taps) make-before-break switches
connected to a resistor network or alternatively a BCD coded output could be used. This
output will provide input information to a digital tap changer controller located in a substation
building.

The transformer manufacturer shall provide a digital tap changer controller which shall
coordinate the operation of the OLTCs for the two phase angle regulating transformers. The
controller shall provide for fully automatic operation where phase angle is adjusted by the
digital controller to maintain constant power flow as remotely set by the power system control
room. In addition the controller shall provide for non-automatic remote operation where the
phase angle tap settings may be raised or lowered by signals from the power system control
room. The controller shall ensure that the two phase angle transformers remain in step.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-23
The tap changer control shall be supplied with “Remote/Local” and “Raise/Lower” switches
in the tap changer control cabinet. These switches will permit operation of the tap changer
locally (at the transformer), or remotely (in the control room).

Manual operation of the tap changer shall be permitted in the non-sequential mode. In this
mode the tap changer will stop after one step is made regardless of the position of the control
switch. A further step can be taken only after the tap changer has stopped and the control
switch is returned to the off position.

4.3.17 Cooling Equipment

The arrangement of radiators and fans shall take into account the space available on site.

It shall be possible to exchange fans without interruption of service.

The radiators and pipe lines for the radiators shall be capable of withstanding the pressure
tests and vacuum specified for the main transformer tank.

It shall be possible to exchange radiators without draining the transformer tank.

Each radiator shall be detachable and shall be provided with shut-off valves which can be
locked in either open or closed position, drain plugs, vent plugs and lifting eyes. The shut-off
valves shall be oil-tight and arranged to give positive indication of the open and close
position.

The fans shall be automatically controlled to ensure that the transformer design temperatures
are not exceeded when operating up to its rated power.

Cooling fan blades and guards shall form an integral unit with their individual motors. Fan
guards are to be constructed to meet OSHA Standards to prevent any part of a worker’s hand
from contacting the fan blade. Motors shall be of totally enclosed construction and the
housing shall meet IEC Standards. Fan motors shall be equipped with permanently lubricated
bearings.

Permanent direction of rotation markers must be attached to the coolers or fan motors if the
power supply for the motor is three phase.

All motors shall be squirrel cage type. Motors shall have built-in protection with automatic
reset or alternatively, if the motors have individual starters, the protection may be provided in
the starter circuit.

4.3.18 Transformer oil

The oil shall contain at least 0.3 per cent by weight oxidation inhibitor of type diterbutyl
paracresol (DBPC) according to IEC 60296.

The oil shall not contain PCB. If oil samples taken from the transformer on delivery contain 2
ppm or more PCB, the Engineer has the right to refuse the delivery of the transformer.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-24
4.3.19 Control

All control cabinets and enclosures shall be built to IEC Standards. They shall be suitably
vented in order to prevent accumulation of moisture. Oil leakage shall be prevented from
entering the control cabinet. Doors of enclosures shall be hinged and have a 1200 mm
maximum width. They shall swing clear of all obstructions on the tank. All doors shall be
fitted with latching devices to ensure positive closure. There shall also be a means to hold the
door in the open position.

Facilities shall be provided for padlocking cabinets in the closed position.

The cabinets shall be accessible from ground level.

The interior of cabinets and enclosures shall be finished with an anti-condensation compound.

All cooler control and auxiliary equipment shall be located in the transformer control cabinet.

Wiring on the exterior of the transformer shall be mechanically protected and/or unaffected by
oil, sunlight, or other agents.

The main transformer control cabinets and the load tap changer control cabinets shall have
thermostatically controlled space heaters and non-thermostatically controlled anti-
condensation heaters. The thermostatically controlled heaters must be capable of maintaining
the temperature above the lowest operating temperature of any component in the cabinet, in an
ambient temperature of 40°C. Heater capacity shall be equally divided into two and located at
the sides of the cabinet so as to maintain adequate clearances from entering cables.

One convenience outlet shall be provided in the control cabinet. A convenience lighting
fixture shall be provided and shall be activated by the door opening.

All motors shall be squirrel cage type. Motors shall have individual starters, the protection
shall be provided in the starter circuit. On three phase motors, the protective device shall trip
all three-phases simultaneously in the event of either a three-phase, phase-to-phase or phase-
to-ground fault. For single phase motors other than the tap changer motor a molded case type
circuit breaker shall be provided in the main supply lines. The circuit breaker shall be sized to
protect for short circuits only. The motor thermal overload shall protect for overload
conditions.

Switches shall be provided for “automatic-manual” control of each fan circuit or pump.

4.3.20 Protection and Supervision

Current transformers:

CTs to be accommodated in the PST shall include bushing CTs for L and S terminals,and any
additional buried CTs required to implement the differential protection scheme suggested in
IEC 62032.

A minimum of 2 CTs shall be provided in each bushing . Detailed specifications for CT’s
shall be determined at the design review.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-25
The current transformers shall comply with IEC standard. If bushing pockets and CTs are
removable for shipment, secondary leads shall terminate at terminal blocks or studs within an
outlet box on the outer surface of the CT enclosure. Lead extensions shall be connected to
terminal blocks in the main junction box.

There shall be no field connections required for CT secondary leads inside the main tank.

All secondary leads shall be wired externally using a minimum of 4 mm2 stranded wire.

All wiring on the cover shall be adequately supported and protected from damage by workmen
during assembly and maintenance of the transformer.

All tags or markers shall be impervious to oil.

A suitable CT for simulated winding temperature indication shall be provided.

All CT’s shall have a Thermal Rating Factor of 2.

A pressure relief vent with deflection hood shall be provided for each main transformer tank.
This device shall be located on the transformer lid and directed so that it will discharge
beyond the perimeter of the main tank and away from control facilities, ladder, bushings, etc.

For every 45,000 litres of oil, or part thereof, one pressure relief device shall be installed.

A rapid pressure rise relay and gas accumulation relay or Buchholz relay for each transformer
tank.

Pressure relief device for each tap changer compartment shall be provided.

Dial type top oil thermometer equipped with separately adjustable sets of contacts; one set to
close at 95°C, the other set to close at 105°C.

Dial type winding temperature indicator for all main windings. These shall be calibrated to
follow the hot spot temperature of the winding.

Separately adjustable sets of contacts shall be provided to perform the following functions:

• Initiate the first stage of forced cooling when the temperature reaches 75°C.

• Initiate the second stage of forced cooling when the temperature reaches 80°C.

• Close contacts when the temperature reaches 105°C.

• Close contacts when the temperature reaches 115°C.

Remote thermometer for each tap changer diverter compartment

Oil level indicator for each transformer tank of magnetic dial type with low oil level alarm
contacts. The oil level gauge shall be so positioned that the oil level indication is visible at
ground level. The oil gauge dial shall also be colour coded with a "RED" zone for oil level
falling below the recommended low oil level alarm condition.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-26
The indicated range of oil levels shall correspond to average oil temperature from plus 0ºC to
plus 115ºC.

On-Line Gas in Oil Monitoring: Each transformer shall be equipped with a GE Hydran M2 or
S2 on-line dissolved gas in oil and moisture monitor. The installation shall consist of a
minimum 1.5” Ball Valve mounted on the tank wall adjacent to a lower radiator return pipe
(in good oil circulation) near the control cabinet.
4.3.21 Test Particulars
Testing shall include but not be limited to the following:

• When a transformer is to be subject to a temperature rise test, dielectric test including an

impulse test shall be carried out as soon as practicable after this test, that is whilst the
transformer is still hot.
• The no-load losses and the current of the transformer shall be measured at 90%, 100%
and 110% of rated voltage before and after commencement of the dielectric test. The no-
load losses and current measured after completion of the dielectric test shall be the values
used in determining the performance of the transformer.
• Impulse test shall be applied on all transformer terminals, including neutrals. Impulse test
oscillography records shall be made.
• Noise level measurements shall be carried out according to IEC 60551.
• Bushings shall be fully tested according to IEC 60137.
• Insulation power factor tests shall be performed with bushings in place.

Type Tests
The following type tests shall be carried out. The tests shall be according to IEC 60076,
except where otherwise specified.
• Temperature rise test
• Zero sequence impedance
• Noise level
• Examination of harmonics
• Tests on bushings.

Routine Tests
The following routine tests shall be carried out. The tests shall be according to IEC 60076,
except where otherwise specified.

• Winding resistance measurements on all windings

• Ratio tests on the rated voltage connection
• Polarity tests
• No-load loss at 90%, 100% and 110% of rated voltage
• Exciting current at 90%, 100% and 110% of rated voltage
• Impedance and load loss at rated current
• Phase angle shift characteristics for all tap settings at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of
rated throughput current.
• Separate source withstand tests
• Induced voltage tests
• Impulse voltage withstand tests on all windings. Full wave and chopped wave
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-27
• Pressure tests on tank and coolers for oil tightness. If a temperature test is made, the
pressure test shall be made while the transformer is still hot
• Operational tests of all devices and wiring
• Insulation tests on auxiliary devices and wiring
• Test on bushings.

4.4 Control, Metering and Protection System

4.4.1 General

Control and relay equipment shall be mounted on panels and shall be erected in the control
building. Unless otherwise approved, the order of the panels shall be as specified reading from
left to right facing the desk or panel.

The characteristics and appearance of all such equipment shall be to the approval of the
Engineer.

Relay panels shall be furnished complete with protective relays, time relays, power relays,
auxiliary relays, changeover switches, test blocks, terminal blocks, trip lock terminals, wiring
and other miscellaneous devices. The relay panels shall also include all required auxiliary and
accessory devices such as auxiliary current and voltage transformers, protective devices, fuses,
resistors, etc., whether or not expressly specified in the Specification.

The system control and communications equipment with all necessary DC and power
frequency equipment connections including auxiliary switches, relays and changeover
switches shall be provided under this Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for the
provision of terminal blocks in relay and control panels. Also for the provision of one or more
panels, where specified, for the mounting of, and connection to, interposing relays and
transducers. Links shall be provided to enable transducers to be isolated for test purposes and
shorting facilities shall be provided where transducers are used in the secondary circuits of
current transformers. All circuits provided under this Contract whether or not they are subject
to the system control requirement at the present time, shall be designed and constructed so that
the standard facilities specified can be readily provided as required in the future.

1) Construction of cubicles

Each cubicle shall form a complete enclosure and is preferably to be associated

with only one or two circuits of main equipment control and protection panels.

Close fitting lockable and lift-off steel doors shall be provided and hinged in such
a manner that they may be opened through 120°.

The interior of each cubicle shall be provided with one AC receptacle and lighting
controlled by door switch. Anti-condensation heaters shall also be fitted in each
cubicle and each cubicle shall be well ventilated top and lower part through
vermin proof louvres fitted with brass gauze screens.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-28
 Unless otherwise approved, panels shall be suitable for floor mounting and shall
provide for bottom entry of power and multicore cables via vermin proof plates.

Equipment and terminals shall be readily accessible and shall require a minimum
of disturbance of associated and adjacent equipment for access.

Removable sealing plates shall be provided within the panels, so located as to

provide adequate working clearance for terminating the cables. Alternatively and
subject to approval in each instance of the Engineer, the floor plates of panels may
be used for control cable terminations.

Where relay movements and other sensitive equipment are mounted on hinged
front panels, these shall be designed to minimize shock and wiring shall be so
arranged as to impose no strain on terminations. No equipment whatsoever shall
be mounted on rear access doors.

All sections of a composite panels shall be suitably labeled in accordance with the
Specification and each section or panel shall also be readily identified by labels at
the rear with the access doors either open or close.

The arrangement and mounting of all indicating devices, control switches, relays
and other apparatus shall be to the approval of the Engineer. The exterior finish
and color of all panels shall be to the approval of the Engineer.

Cable terminals tables and schematic diagrams

Protection and control schemes should, in general, be based on the use of stranded
single core 2.5 mm2 or larger in the panels, except where 1/0.91 mm telephone
cores are specified.

This Contract includes the preparation of cabling schematic diagrams, showing the
approved routing of cores in the various cables, and detailed cable schedules and
connection diagrams for all the cables associated with each item of equipment
included in the Contract.

2) Wiring and terminal marking

All panel wiring shall be made by 600 V, PVC insulated stranded copper wires of
not less than 1.5 mm2 for control circuits and not less than 2.5 mm2 for secondary
circuits of current transformers and voltage transformers. A suitable wire duct
shall be employed for all interpanel connections, and panel wiring shall provide
easy access for inspection and replacement of the wiring. As far as practicable all
wiring shall be installed in wiring channels and ducts. Group wiring shall be kept
to a minimum, but where used, it shall be held into compact bundles suitably
bound together and properly supported. Splices in the wiring and tee connections
are not acceptable.

Terminal blocks shall be mounted inside each panel section to terminate all cables
to the panel and provide at least 20 % spare terminal.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-29
 Circuit or wire designations shall be clearly marked with permanent marking
ferrules on the markers of approved type, which are to be permanently attached to
both ends of each wiring cable.

3) Test and earthing facilities

Each control and relay panel shall be provided with a copper earth bar of not less
than 95 mm2 cross-section and arranged so that the bars of adjacent panels can be
joined together to form a common bus.

The common earthing busbar of control and relay panels shall be connected to the
main substation earthing system via a copper earthing connection of not less than
95 mm2.

Separate test facilities shall be provided for each current and voltage transformer
secondary circuit so as to give access for testing of protection relays and
associated circuits. These may consist of either test terminal blocks of approved
type for front of panel mounting with provision for automatic short circuiting of
current transformer secondary circuit by means of movement of links from their
normal operating position, or any other testing arrangement approved by the
Engineer. Where test switches are provided for front of panel mounting these shall
be lockable in the normal service position, and when switched to an intermediate
or test position shall give an alarm.

Where test switches are used to check operation of current or voltage relays, steps
shall be taken to ensure that it is not possible to return the test switch to normal
service position (and hence restore tripping) before the relay output contacts have
reset.

Each current transformer circuit shall be earthed through a removable link at one
point only.

4) Protective devices

The application, performance and testing of protective devices shall be to the

Engineer’s approval.

Protection equipment shall be designed and applied to provide maximum

discrimination between faulty and healthy circuits. All equipments are to remain
inoperative during transient phenomena which may arise during switching or other
disturbances to the system.

Current transformers, where possible, are to be located so as to include the

associated circuit breaker within the protected zone and shall be located generally
as indicated on schematic drawings.

5) Changeover switches

Changeover switches shall be of the rotary switchboard type, suitable for

operation on 110 VDC and be highly durable ones having a long life expectancy.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-30
 The changeover switches mentioned hereunder shall be fitted to the control panel
with a plate clearly marked to show the operating function and position.

Provisions shall be made within the relay panel so as to enable the operating
personnel to select and effect, at his discretion, operations of the line protection
and auto-reclosing by switch operations at the control panel, shall be as follows:
a. For auto-reclosure programmers : “1∅” (single phase),“3∅” (three phase)
and “0” (non-operation of auto-reclosure)
b. For DC power source
c. Other switches as may be required in accordance with the equipment
offered, but subject to the approval of the Engineer.

6) Remote indication and annunciation

Occurrence of a fault and operation of the protective equipment and auto-reclosing

equipment shall be indicated on the group annunciator provided on the relay
panel.

Facilities shall be provided with the following indications and annunciations:

(a) Operating functions and positions
i. Auto-reclosure : “1∅” (single phase), “3∅” (three phase) and0”
(Auto-reclosure lock)
ii. “READY” condition of auto-reclosure
(b) Protection operations
(i) Success of auto-reclosing
(ii) Final tripping
(iii) Detection of step-out and power swing
(c) Alarming
(i) Tripping by operations of the main protection.
(d) Buzzer alarming
(i) Success of auto-reclosing (Buzzer alarming shall be automatically
stopped after 5 seconds)

7) Test blocks

Test blocks shall be of back-connected, semi-flush mounted, switchboard type

with removable covers. The test blocks shall be provided with suitable circuit
identification and be arranged to isolate the instrument completely from the
instrument transformers and other external circuits, and provisions shall be made
for testing either from an external source of energy or from the instrument
transformers by means of multiple test plugs. The test blocks and plugs shall be so
arranged that the current transformer secondary circuits cannot be open-circuited
in any position while the test plugs are in place, being inserted, or being removed.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-31
 8) Terminal blocks

Terminal blocks for control wiring shall be rated not less than 600 V and be of the
moulded type with barriers.

White or other light-colored marking strips, fastened by screws to the moulded

sections at each block, shall be provided for circuit designation.

Each connected terminal of each block shall have the circuit designation placed on
the marking strip with permanent marking ferrule. The terminal arrangement,
including the terminal blocks for PT and CT circuit connections, shall be subject
to the approval of the Engineer. Spare marking strips shall be furnished with each
block.

9) Relays

Relays and associated auxiliary equipment shall be of standard construction from

experienced and reliable manufacturers. All protective relays shall be of numerical
type with communication facility with the computerized control system.

Relays shall be of approved construction and shall be arranged so that

adjustments, testing and replacement can be effected with the minimum of time
and manpower. Relays of the hand reset type shall be capable of being reset
without opening the case.

Electrically reset tripping relays shall be provided where necessitated by the

system of control, such as for those circuits subject to remote supervisory control.

Relay contacts shall be suitable for making and breaking the maximum currents
which they may be required to control in normal service but where contacts of the
protective relays are unable to deal directly with the tripping currents, approved
auxiliary contactors, relays or auxiliary switches shall be provided. In such cases
the number of auxiliary contactors or tripping relays operating in tandem shall be
kept to a minimum in order to achieve fast fault clearance times. Separate contacts
shall be provided for alarm and tripping functions. Relay contacts shall make
firmly without bounce and the whole of the relay mechanisms shall be as far as
possible unaffected by vibration or external magnetic fields.

Relays, where appropriate, shall be provided with LED or flag indicators, phase
colored where applicable. LED or flag indicators shall be of the hand rest pattern
and shall be capable of being reset without opening the case. Where two or more
phase elements are included in one case, separate indicators shall be provided for
each element.

Relays which rely for their operation on an external DC supply shall utilize for
this purpose the trip supply of the associated circuit breaker. This supply shall be
monitored and an alarm provided in event of failure.

Relays with provision for manual operation from outside the case, other than for
resetting, will not be accepted.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-32
 Relays, whether mounted in panels or not, shall be provided with clearly inscribed
labels describing their application and rating in addition to the general purpose
labels.

Attention is particularly drawn to the tropical climate and relay designs should be
entirely suitable for duty under these conditions.

Relays shall be suitable for operation on 110 VDC systems without the use of
voltage dropping resistors.

Terminal arrangements shall be to the Enginee’ s approval. Snap on type terminals

are not permitted.

10) DC Auxiliary Voltage Operating Range

DC operated relays, coils, elements, etc. will be operated from a 110 V rated DC
battery, which under float charging conditions operates at about 118.25 VDC
operated relays, coils, elements etc. shall be suitable for operation over a voltage
range of 88 V to 121 V i.e. 110 - 20% + 10%.

11) Protection Settings

Relay settings with calculations for all unit type protective schemes shall be
submitted to the Engineer and Employer and prior to commissioning for approval.
Settings shall also be provided for those relays and other equipment provided
under this Section of the Contract.

4.4.2 Equipment

1) Circuit Breaker Control and Supervision

The control of circuit breakers shall be performed mainly on the control panels.

All circuit-breakers shall be provided with a breaker failure protection function. It

shall have a time delay selectable between 0-1 second.

Breaker failure protection shall be initiated both internally and externally by

protective relay.

Circuit breakers shall be provided with electrical controls at the circuit breaker of
which the control gear shall be suitably mounted in the mechanism box for use
under maintenance or emergency conditions. A multi-pole lockable changeover
selector switch shall be provided at the circuit breaker and labelled “Local” and
“Remote”.

Trip circuit supervision relays shall be provided to monitor each trip circuit of the
circuit breakers and each relay shall have sufficient contacts for visual / audible
alarm and indication purposes.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-33
 The trip circuit supervision scheme shall provide continuous supervision of the
trip coils and trip circuits with the circuit breaker in either the open or closed
position.

Relay elements shall be delayed on drop-off to prevent false alarms during faults
on DC wiring on adjacent circuits, or due to operation of a trip relay contact.

Series resistances or the other approved means by the Engineer shall be provided
in trip circuit supervision circuits to prevent maltripping a circuit breaker if a relay
element is short circuited.

Relay alarm elements should be equipped with LED or self resetting flag
indicators.

2) Automatic Voltage Control

Automatic Voltage Control shall be suitable for control each power transformer.
(a) Automatic independent remote

It shall be possible to select non-automatic remote (manual) or local

electrical control (manual), or automatic remote control for each transformer
irrespective of the method of independent control selected for any other of
the associated transformers.
(b) Voltage regulating relays

Automatic voltage control shall be initiated by a voltage regulating relay of

an approved type and suitable for flush mounting. The relay shall operate
from the nominal reference voltage derived from a circuit mounted LV
voltage transformer having Class 0.5 accuracy and the relay voltage
reference balance point shall be adjustable.

The relay bandwidth shall preferably be adjustable to any value between 1.5
times and 2.5 times the transformer tap step percentage, the nominal setting
being twice the transformer tap step percentage.

The relay shall be insensitive to frequency variation between the limits of 47

Hz and 51 Hz. The relay shall be complete with a time delay element
adjustable between 10 and 120 seconds. The relay shall also incorporate an
undervoltage blocking facility which renders the control inoperative if the
reference voltage falls below 80 percent of the nominal value with automatic
restoration of control when the reference voltage rises to 85 percent of
nominal value.

On each transformer the voltage transformer supply to the voltage regulating

relay shall be monitored for partial or complete failure. The indicating lamp
and alarm will be inoperative when the circuit breaker automatic control
controlling the lower voltage side of the transformer is open and also that it
is disconnected when the tap changer is on control other than automatic
control.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-34
 (c) Remote control panels

The remote control panels shall be floor mounting sheet steel cubicles of
approved type, layout and color shall be provided for each transformer. Each
shall form a complete enclosure with lockable front and rear doors and shall
be fitted with interior lamp, door switch, receptacle, heaters, cable gland
plates for bottom entry of cables and all other equipment to provide the
features specified, the standard requirements which may be varied to suit
manufacturer’s design.

Remote control schemes shall be entirely suitable for operation with the
distance between the transformer and remote control panels as indicated on
the layout drawings.

3) Synchronizing Control

Manual synchronizing facilities are required at high voltage circuit breakers

controlling feeder circuits.

The system provided under the Contract is to be to the approval of the Engineer
and is to be such that the synchronizing circuit must be established before the
circuit breaker can be closed.

Synchronizing-check relays where specified, shall check the frequency, phase and
magnitude of the voltage difference at synchronizing with contacts connected to
prevent inadvertent manual synchronizing outside acceptable limits.

Means shall be provided to bypass these relays when switching dead equipment or
lines, together with warning alarm that the relays are out of circuit.

Synchronizing facilities will not be used in association with the supervisory

control scheme and synchronizing signals will not be transmitted.

The substation shall have synchronizing equipment situated preferably in the

center of the control panel suite with a non-draw out synchronizing panel and
hinged such that it can be viewed easily from either end of the control panel.
Alternatively it may be mounted at the end of the control panel.

The synchronizing panel shall be equipped with incoming and running voltmeters
calibrated in percent or other approved scales, synchroscope, frequency indicator,
synchronizing lamps, on/off switch and synchronizing key rest position.

The Synchronizing-check relay, on/off switch and synchronizing key rest position
shall be furnished in the control panel of the transmission lines.

The dead line live busbar check relays shall monitor the condition of the line and
the busbar and permit closing when the line is de-energized and the busbar
energized. The line is considered de-energized when the voltage is less than 20
percent rated and the busbar energized when the voltage is at least 80 percent
rated.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-35
 The synchronizing-check relay shall monitor the magnitudes of the voltage on
both sides of the open circuit breaker and the phase angles and frequency
difference between the voltages. Closing will be permitted when these are within
prescribed limits. The voltage setting shall be adjustable between 80 and 90
percent of rated voltage and the phase angle setting adjustable between 20 and 40
degrees. The maximum permissible slip frequency shall be 0.44 percent of system
frequency.

4) Alarm Schemes

Facilities shall be provided to give remote visual and audible alarms alerting the
substation control room attendant to the operation of protective devices and mal-
operation of items of equipment installed in the substations.

Where specified, a common alarm facia for each circuit shall be provided and
mounted on the associated control panel. Common alarm facias shall be of the
multi-window type (preferably with individually replaceable windows) with
individual alarms operated from self seal-in relays and indicated by flashing
illumination of an inscribed transparent window. Operation of a common accept
key shall cause the light to become steady and silence the audible alarm and the
flasher relays shall be arranged to be cut-out by the auxiliary contacts when the
substation is unattended. When no alarm facia is specified alarms shall be
displayed by means of individual lamps mounted on the control panels. Resetting
of the interposing alarm relays shall only be possible after the initiating contacts
have been reset.

Alarms shall be sub-divided into trip and non-trip functions and each arranged to
operate a common bell or buzzer as specified.

Means shall be provided for silencing audible alarms whilst leaving the bell or
buzzer free to sound if any other alarm circuit is energized.

Alarm indicating lamps shall remain alight until cancelled by the resetting of the
devices initiating the alarms and the operation of a separate cancellation switch.

Where devices initiate alarms when equipment is shut-down the circuit should
avoid unnecessary display and sounding of the alarm condition.

Alarm schemes for equipment at an extension of existing substations shall be

linked with and be fully consistent with existing alarm schemes.

Individual alarm displays should be generally in accordance with the following

schedule subject to approval by the Engineer.

Trip Alarms Non-Trip Alarms

Power Transformers and Phase Shift Transformers

Transformer Differential Trip Circuit Faulty

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-36
Buchholz Surge Protection DC Supply Fail

Winding Temperature Trip Winding Temperature Alarm

Oil Temperature Trip Oil Temperature Alarm

Buchholz Gas Buchholz Gas Transformer-Pressure Alarm

Tap Change Oil Surge Trip Low Oil Level

Breaker failure Circuit Breaker Alarms (as necessary)

Restricted Earth Fault Tap Position Out of Step

Tap Changer Trouble

Transmission Lines

Main Protection Protection DC Supply Fail

Breaker failure Trip circuit faulty

Distance relay Voltage Transformer Fail

Circuit Breaker Alarms (as necessary) Trip carrier sent and received (as necessary)

High Speed Auto-reclose Operated

Delayed Auto-reclose Operated

Loss of synchronisim

Busbars

Busbar Protection Protection DC Supply Fail

Busbar Protection Defective

Overvoltage

Undervoltage

Overfrequency

Underfrequency

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-37
Substation Common Alarms

Switchyard Equipment

Battery earth fault

Charger failed

Communication equipment faulty alarms (urgent)

Communication equipment faulty alarms (non-urgent)

Teleprotection channel alarms (urgent)

Teleprotection channel alarms (non-urgent)

4.4.3 Protection Equipment

The protection system shall be numerical relay as categorized below:

Power Transformer
Busbar Protection
Line Protection

Phase Shifting
Transformer
Minimum required function

Protection
1. Current differential protection x x x x

2. Distance Protection x

3. Teleprotection x

4. Phase and ground overcurrent protection x x x

5. Reverse/low forward/over power protection x

6. Trip circuit supervision x x x x

7. Under/over frequency protection x

8. Under/over voltage protection x

9. Breaker failure protection x x x x

10. Lockout relay x x x

11. Disturbance recorder x x x x

12. Open CT detection x

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-38
 13. Trip-value recording x x x x

14. Input and output modules x x x x

15. Analog input modules x x x x

16. Pulse-counter logic for metering x x x x

17. Serial port connection, IEC 61850 x x x x

18. Local HMI and local LED indications x x x x

19. Real-time clock with external time synchronization x x x x

20. Service value reading x x x x

21. Event recording x x x x

The bidder shall attach the conformance certificate showing the relay and bay control unit are
conformed to IEC 61850.

1) Line Protection
(a) General

The equipment shall be designed in such a way that they are possible to trip
the circuit breakers at the other end for any fault occurring in the line section
to the other end for directional comparison scheme.

The equipment shall not result in a maloperation of the associated circuit

breakers at any event under all weather conditions and switching operations,
and the protection relaying equipment shall not operate due to abnormal
states resulting from external faults, power swings and out-of-step
conditions, etc.

The equipment shall, without interrupting the teleprotection operation,

perform a periodical automatic inspection of the carrier equipment at a
predetermined interval and manual inspection as well. The equipment shall
include a means of preventing false relay operations when the protective
relays at either end have become faulty. The end which ceases operating
shall, when it’s circuit breaker has opened, send a signal to the distant end
so as to inform such condition that the circuit breaker at that end has opened.
(b) Protection System

The protection system shall be as follows :

(i) Main-protection : Directional comparison relaying based
on line differential relay or distance relay
with three-zone protection by OPGW.
(ii) Power supply : 110 V DC - 20% + 10%
(iii) Line power source
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-39
 (iv) conditions (Back-power) : Variable for both short-circuit and
ground faults

The Contractor shall also be responsible for co-ordination and

commissioning of the overall teleprotection of the specified zones
considering the neighbouring transmission line zones.

Main function of the protective equipment are as follows:

Starting at the strong feed terminal shall be made by directional impedance

measuring relays in combination with overcurrent relays for confirmation to
exceed the setting level of fault current ; only overcurrent starting for main
protection will not be accepted. The relay characteristics shall cover the
protected line plus the longest line emanating from the remote station taking
current infeed into account. This requirement will be relaxed at the
Engineer’s discretion in the case of extremely long lines. The starting relays
shall not operate during maximum power swing. During single phase to
earth faults coinciding with maximum power swing, only the starting relay
associated with the faulted phase shall operate.

The reach of each measuring zone and starting relay shall be individually
adjustable by means of a multi-tap voltage transformer or other approved
method. The characteristic angle shall be adjustable between approximately
40 and 85 degrees.

Zone 2 and Zone 3 shall have a time delay setting range of 0.2 to 2.0
seconds and 0.3 to 3.0 seconds respectively.

The sensitivity of the protection shall be adequate for definite operation

under minimum equipment and single outage conditions and shall not
exceed thirty percent rated current.

The operating time of each zone shall be substantially independent of fault

current magnitude. The operating times and curves shall be provided
showing the effect of line and source impedance, fault position and
operating current.

A feature shall be incorporated to ensure instantaneous tripping in the event

that the circuit breaker is closed onto fault on a previously de-energised line.

A monitoring system shall be provided to supervise the voltage transformer

supply to each distance relay. In the event of loss of one, two or three
phases, the monitoring system shall inhibit relay operation and initiate an
alarm.

All material required to interface the distance protection with the carrier
equipment shall be provided as part of the Contract.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-40
 The directional distance relays shall incorporate indicators to show the zone
in which the relay operated and the phase or phases faulted. Indication must
not be lost in event of a supply failure.

In addition to tripping contacts, the protection shall have, where necessary,

contacts for initiating three phase and single phase auto-reclosing signaIling
and alarms.
(c) Auto-reclosing system

The auto-reclosing system shall be designed to perform high-speed reclosure

programmes which makes it possible the single-phase reclosing scheme for
115 kV circuits for a single line-to-ground fault.

The number of reclosing operations shall be one (1) time (O-CO), and when
successful reclosing has been made, auto-reclosure shall be reset
automatically and be fully prepared within a short period of time, fast
enough to allow repetitive operations for the next fault.

When an unsuccessful single-phase reclosing has been made, or if the fault

still presents at the instant of reclosure or if the fault recurs within the
preparation time of the auto-reclosing equipment, all of three phases of the
associated circuit breakers shall be tripped all three phases and auto-
reclosure shall be locked out.

Reclosure shall be initiated following tripping by the distance relay Zone 1

or receipt of a intertripping signal from the remote end under transfer
tripping scheme in the second zone. Reclosure shall not be initiated in the
event of a three phase fault or for any type of fault in the second or third
zones or when the circuit breaker is closed onto fault on a previously de-
energised line.

The dead time following fault clearance shall be adjustable between 0.1 and
1.5 seconds for three and single phase automatic reclosing. The reclaim time
i.e., the time period following automatic reclosure during which further
faults result in tripping and lockout, shall be chosen to match the circuit
breaker duty cycle assuming the shortest available dead time is selected. The
reclaim time enable time shall-not, however, be less than 5 seconds and
adjustable between 5 and 60 seconds.

The closing command shall be limited to 1.5 seconds after which time the
reclosing equipment shall be automatically reset without resetting reclaim
timer. The reclosing equipment shall also be reset if the dead line live
busbar check and synchronism check conditions are not fulfilled within 5
seconds of the check relays being energised.

A counter shall be provided to record the number of reclose and lockout the
equipment after a pre-selected number of operations.

The dead line live busbar check relays shall monitor the condition of the line
and the busbar and permit reclosing when the line is de-energized and the
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-41
 busbar energized. The line is considered de-energized when the voltage is
less than 20 percent rated and the busbar energised when the voltage is at
least 80 percent rated. In certain circumstances a dead busbar/line check may
be required.

The synchronism check relay shall monitor the magnitudes of the voltage on
both sides of the open circuit-breaker and the phase angles and frequency
difference between the voltages, if necessary but not applicable to the high
speed auto-reclose scheme. Closing will be permitted when these are within
prescribed limits. The voltage setting shall be adjustable between 80 and 90
percent of rated voltage and the phase angle setting adjustable between 20
and 40 degrees. The maximum permissible slip frequency shall be 0.44
percent of system frequency.

The dead line and synchronism check relays will be used to monitor the
manual closing and supervisory closing as well as automatic reclosing.
Synchronism check will be provided for all circuit-breakers.

A changeover switch shall be provided to changeover the auto-reclose

equipment in and out of service.
(d) Protective relays for transmission lines

Protection scheme for transmission lines except time relay and auxiliary
relays shall be of flush-mounted or rack mounted (can be seen from front),
back-connected, dust-proof, switchboard type, with rectangular case.
Protective relays of mechanical type, switched type, shall not be acceptable
for the system under the Contract. Protective relays except auxiliary and
time relays shall be of the draw out type and segregated-phase distance relay
type possible to draw out from the front of the panel without opening the
current transformer secondary circuit, misinterrupting external circuits, or
requiring a disconnection of the lead on the rear of the panel.

Protective relays shall be equipped with a target or lamp indicator and a

contact operating on a control voltage of 110 VDC, and the target/lamp
indicator shall be possible to reset manually for the next operation by means
of an external, front-operated resetting device when the operation is
confirmed.

Protective relays shall be suitable for operations with the associated

instrument transformers ratios and connectors shown on the single line
diagram under both normal and short-circuit conditions.

The major protective relays to be incorporated shall be functioned as follows

:
(a) Cross-polarized mho characteristics with memory function or
reactance type combined with mho characteristics with memory
function;
(b) Lens or blinder element may be provided to prevent false operation
from heavy load condition;
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-42
 (c) Voltage transformer supervision to block false tripping and to give
alarming;
(d) Power swing blocking function;
(e) Switch-on-to-fault tripping function;
(f) Undervoltage element with current compensation for faulty phase
selection (for auto-reclosing and weak feed protection);
(i) Under voltage : 20 to 50 V setting in 5V steps
(ii) Compensating impedance : 0 to 50 ohms in 10 ohms steps
(g) Three-phase overcurrent element for phase to phase fault;
(h) Single-phase overcurrent element for phase to ground fault (in each
phase);
(i) Internal fault detection element;
(j) External fault detection element;
(k) Monitoring and testing functions.
(e) Line Current Differential Relay

The current differential relays at both terminals of the 115kV overhead line
connected between substations shall be designed to operate simultaneously
providing high speed fault clearance irrespectively of whether the fault
current is fed from both terminals or from only one line end. Each shall be
provided to complete protection for all combinations of phase faults and
ground faults.

CT saturation shall not result in any relay misoperation for internal or

external faults.

Each current differential relay system shall include output auxiliary relays to
complete the functions of circuit breaker tripping, breaker failure protection,
trouble alarm and etc.

Intertripping shall be provided with each current differential relay to trip the
remote end circuit breakers instantaneously by using fiber optic application.

Operation indicator with reset pushbutton shall be incorporated in each

current differential relay for indication of the relay operation.

A communication channel cutoff switch (85CO) shall be provided to disable

relay tripping when the communication channel is out of service.

Built-in test facilities shall be provided with each current differential relay.
(f) Power Protection

The selectable power element can be used to provide loss of mains

protection whether the normal power flow is into or out of the utility system,
tripping when import power reverses, or export power exceeds normal
limits. In addition to the standard 3 phase power protection, a sensitive
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-43
 single phase power protection element can be used which uses the sensitive
ground fault current input.

2) Busbar Protection
(a) Performance

Busbar protection of the high impedance circulating current type shall be

provided capable of detecting three phase, phase-phase and phase to earth
faults, under all system generation equipment conditions for the substation.

The operating time of the measuring relays shall not exceed 40 ms at five
times the relay current setting and shall be as short as possible consistent
with reliable and secure operation.

The rated stability limit of each fault detecting system for phase faults shall
not be less than the rated breaking capacity of the associated switchgear. The
Contractor attention is also drawn to the fact that the maximum through
fault current for earth faults may be in excess of the phase fault value. The
sensitivity shall not exceed thirty percent of the minimum fault level for all
types of faults.

The busbar protection shall comprise a separate differential scheme for each
section of busbar. All equipment necessary for future operation with a bus
section circuit breaker and transformer circuit breakers shall be provided at
this stage.

A trip relay shall be provided with each circuit breaker. These trip relays
shall be used exclusively for the busbar protection.

The Contract shall include for all necessary current transformers, relay
panels, isolating and shorting links, etc.

Current transformer secondary bus wiring should be suitably dimensioned to

reduce current transformer burdens to a minimum.

Suitable voltage limiting devices should be provided as necessary.

The busbar protection shall be capable of being extended to include the

future circuits.

Full details of the scheme offered, together with performance figures for
stability and sensitivity, shall be provided.
(b) Conditions of acceptance of high impedance busbar protection systems

The Engineer is prepared to accept Calculated Performance data for

instantaneous high impedance differential busbar protection systems in lieu
of heavy current tests, subject to the following:

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-44
 (1) The rated stability limit shall be not less than the three phase
symmetrical breaking capacity of the associated switchgear;
(2) The fault setting for any type of fault shall not be between 10% and
30% of the minimum fault current available;
(3) Current transformer knee point voltages shall not be less than twice
the reIay circuit setting voltage;
(4) The maximum peak voltage across current transformer secondary
wiring shall not exceed 3 kV under maximum internal fault
conditions;
(5) Associated current transformers would be 5P10. Split core type
current transformers will not be accepted;
(6) The Contractor shall submit for the Engineers approval with a copy to
the Employer a design report detailing the protected equipment, design
parameters of associated current transformers, details of connections
and burdens between current transformers and relays, details of the
relay circuits and performance calculations.
(c) Overvoltage and undervoltage protection systems

When energizing transmission lines or local line from one end it will be
possible to have an excessive line end voltage and equipment damage. For
this reason, the line shall be furnished with an overvoltage relay to protect
the line over voltage and equipment over voltage at the open end of
incoming line.

When the voltage level of busbar less than the setting value, undervoltage
relay shall cause an alarm to be displayed.

3) Power Transformer & Phase Shift Transformer Protection

(a) Overall protection

Transformer overall differential protection shall be provided for the

detection of all types of phase and earth faults occurring in the protected
zone. The overall protection shall be of the two winding biased differential
type. Necessary interposing current transformers shall be provided in the
secondary circuits of the high and low voltage current transformers.

The relays shall have magnetizing inrush current restraint of the harmonic
type and shall have individual adjustment of operation and bias settings.

The transformers will be equipped with tap changers. Bidders shall ensure
that the relays offered are suitable for operation under any tapping condition
and the protection shall remain stable under maximum through fault
conditions corresponding to rated system short circuit level under any
tapping condition.

The minimum operating settings shall be not more than 20 percent of rated
full load of the current transformers.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-45
 The Contractor shall take whatever steps are necessary to ensure stability
under all conditions e.g. maximum fault level, maximum DC offset etc.
Calculations to determine current transformer requirements to achieve
stability on through faults shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
(b) Transformer protection

Two pole overcurrent and single pole earth fault definite minimum time
relays shall be provided on both sides of the power transformers. The
overcurrent relays shall be directional relay.
(c) Restricted each fault protection (Internal winding protection)

Transformer windings and connections shall be protected by restricted earth

fault protection relays, high impedance type with necessary protection
against over voltages.

Relays shall have maximum sensitivity and minimum operating times

consistent with stability for faults outside the protected zone and on
magnetizing inrush surges. The fault setting will be between 10 percent and
60 percent of the rated current of the protected winding.

Separate current transformers (i.e. not sharing transformer biased differential

protection) are preferred,
(d) Arrangement of transformer protection trip circuits

All transformer protection shall trip both the HV and LV-circuit breakers.

4.4.4 Metering

1) Power Meter

Power meter shall comply with the approved standards by the Engineer and,
unless otherwise specified, shall be of industrial grade accuracy. Three-phase
power measuring instruments shall be of the three-phase unbalanced load pattern
wherever the current and voltage references permit with the following measuring
values:
• Voltage (Volt)
• Current (Ampere)
• Active Power (Watt)
• Reactive Power (Var)
• Frequency (Hertz)
• Power Factor (cos Ø)
• Temperature (degree Celcius)
• Others

Front of panel test terminal blocks shall be provided for all meters.

Alarm message (local and remote) including acknowlegdement shall be provided.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-46
 2) Revenue Metering

Each three-phase energy meter shall comprise kilowatt-hours meter and kilovar-
hours meter integrally mounted in the same enclosure. Each energy meter shall be
of the solid-state type, flush mounted, back connected, dustproof, fully
tropicalized, switchboard type. Each shall be able to display billing values with
TOU tariff structure. Programming facilities shall be provided with each meter for
any parameter setting.

Each energy meter shall have the following features:

(a) Accuracy class shall be class 0.2 for the kilowatt-hours meter and class 0.5
for the kilovar-hours meter according to IEC 60687 or equivalence standard.
The meter shall be passed the type tests in accordance with the latest IEC or
ANSI Standard.
(b) Suitable to be connected to CT, PT in both 3P3W and 3P4W forms.
(c) Tariff Structure shall be comply with TOU tariff structures.
(d) Two communication ports: Optical port and RS232 port shall be provided.
(e) The meter shall have an internal real time clock with Lithium battery back-
up in case of power supply failure. The Lithium back-up battery shall be
socket type and be able to change easily by operator.
(f) The meter shall be able to record load profile data in non- volatile memory
for at least 200 day- channel of 15 minutes interval data. Number of load
profiles shall be more than 8 channels. The data recording files of the load
profile shall be at least in ASCII text format.
(g) Display shall be at least 8-digit LCD display alphanumeric type with
programmable decimal points. Display symbols shall be friendly used.
(i) The display shall be equipped with unit of measure, symbols of
Electricity Rates and direction of energy flow.
(ii) Able to display alarms, billing data and the following values:
• Current date/time
• Maximum kW and KVar of all tariff rates
• Cumulative kW and KVar of all tariff rates
• Total kWh and KVarh
• Present kWh and KVarh of all tariff rates
• All Instantaneous three phases voltage and current
• Instantaneous power factor
• All instantaneous three phases phase angle
• Total instantaneous kW and kVar
• Battery voltage

• The meter should record the occurrence & restoration of the following tampers
with date, time and phase identifications. Meter should keep record of 200 such

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-47
 tamper events (occurrence + restoration) in its memory. Alarm of temper shall be
display on meter:
o Current Reversal: If any phase is measured in reverse direction,
or energy flows in reverse direction
o Missing Potential: If any phase voltage is lost or under the
setting value.
o CT Shorting/CT Lost: If any phase current is shorted meter
should be capable of detecting CT shorting with phase
identification
o Phase Sequence Reversal: The meter should work accurately
irrespective of the phase sequence of the supply

• Meter should have self diagnosis feature and shall be perform at regular intervals.
Error shall be display on meter and keep in event log.

• Time synchronization by external signal and GPS time synchronization.

• Meter shall have 2 inputs and 2 outputs, voltage free contact type.

• Meter shall be able to measure Voltage and Current Harmonic up to 50th order.

• The service software shall operate under Microsoft Windows operating system
environment. The software shall be used for local and remote parameter setting,
data analyzing, data collecting and reporting of the energy meters. In addition the
software shall allow user to adjust the percentage error manually or via software
package.

• Meter can communicate to the central telemetering and the computerized control
system.

• Billing values shall be remotely shown real time at Hongsa Control Room.

4.4.5 Ancillary Electrical Parts

1) Control Switches and Pushbuttons

Control switches and pushbuttons shall comply with IEC Standard and shall meet
the following requirements:
(a) General

Control switches for electrically operated circuit breakers shall be of pistol

grip or other approved discrepancy type and arranged to operate clockwise
when closing the circuit breakers and anti-clockwise when opening them.
They shall be designed to prevent accidental operation. When switches of
the discrepancy type are approved, operation is to be effected by two
independent movements.

Switches for other apparatus shall be operated by shrouded push-buttons or

to have handles of the spade type, the pistol grip type being reserved for
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-48
 circuit breaker operation only. Control, reversing, selector and test switches
shall be mounted, constructed and wired so as to facilitate the maintenance
of contacts without the necessity for disconnecting wiring.

Where necessary, control switches shall be capable of being locked in

appropriate positions but control switches for circuit breakers shall be of the
non-locking type with spring return to the “neutral” position. Such switches
shall be controlled by independent springs, the use of contact springs alone
for restoring not being acceptable.

All pushbuttons shall be of the non-retaining type made of non-hygroscopic

materials, non-swelling and fitted to avoid any possibility of sticking.

The contacts of all switches and pushbuttons shall be strong and to have a
positive wiping action when operated.

Control switches for use in direct control schemes shall be rated for the
power station or substation battery voltage.

All control switches shall be provided with labels in addition to clear

indication as to the direction of each operation, for example, “open”,
“close”, “raise”, “lower”, etc.
(b) Electrical control locations

Equipment may be electrically controlled from a number of different control

points as specified in the appropriate sections of this Specification. The
control positions shall be designated as follows:
(i) Local control
Located adjacent to the item of equipment to facilitate maintenance,
inspection and emergency operation.
(ii) Remote control
Located at a substation control room where specified items of
equipment are monitored and controlled by direct wire connection.

2) Miniature Circuit Breakers, Fuses and Links

Facilities shall be provided for protection and isolation of circuits associated with
protection, control and instruments. They shall be of approved type and grouped,
as far as possible, according to their functions. They shall be clearly labeled, both
on the panels and the associated wiring diagrams.

Facilities shall be provided to enable the control circuits for any circuit breaker to
be individually isolated for maintenance purposes.

Facilities for protection and isolation of control and tripping circuits are preferably
to be mounted on the outside of control panels.

All fuses shall incorporate HRC cartridges to IEC 60269.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-49
 Fuse holders shall be designed to lock the cartridges firmly into position without
the use of screw clamping devices.

Miniature circuit breakers shall comply with IEC 60898 or the approved standards
by the Engineer.

Where miniature circuit breakers are used on control, protection and alarm
supplies, tripping shall cause an alarm to be displayed.

3) Indicating Lamps and Fittings

Indicating lamps fitted into the facias of switch and instrument cubicles or panels
shall be adequately ventilated.

Lamps shall be easily removed and replaced from the front of the panel by manual
means preferably not requiring the use of extractors.

The bezel of metal or other approved material holding the lamp glass shall be of
an approved finish and to be easily removable from the body of the fitting so as to
permit access to the lamp and lamp glass.

The lamps shall be clear and shall fit into a standard form of lamp holder. The
rated lamp voltage should be ten percent in excess of the auxiliary supply voltage,
whether AC or DC. Alternatively, low voltage lamps with series resistors will be
acceptable.

The lamp glasses shall be in standard colors, red, green, blue, white and amber.
The color is to be in the glass and not an applied coating and the different colored
glasses are not to be interchangeable. Transparent synthetic materials may be used
instead of glass, provided such materials have fast colors and are completely
suitable for use in tropical climates.

Normally energized indicating lamps, if employed, shall in general be normally

energized from the station 230 VAC supply. In addition, facilities shall be
provided for manual changeover from the AC supply to the station DC supply via
an automatically resetting switch arranged to reset after a time interval of
approximately five minutes.

Lamps and relays incorporated in alarm facia equipment may be arranged for
normal operation from the station battery, subject to the approval of the Engineer.

Lamp test facilities shall be provided so that all lamps on one panel can be tested
simultaneously by operation of a common key. Where alarm facias are specified,
all alarm and monitoring indications (apart from circuit breaker and disconnecting
switch position indications) shall be incorporated in the facia.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-50
4.5 Computerized Control System (CCS)

4.5.1 General

The Contractor is required to design, supply, transport, install, test and commissioning of the
Computerized Control System. The specification defines the minimum requirements to operate
together with the bay controller, protection and monitoring systems for high voltage system,
medium voltage system, low voltage system, transformer and other electrical equipment.
Therefore, the Computerized Control System, bay controller, protection and monitoring system
shall be the products of the same manufacturer.

The system shall acquire inputs and issue output commands to the power system equipment
located in the substations. In addition, the system shall be capable of acquiring data from the
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) via IEC 61850 Protocol that may be supplied by others.

4.5.2 Reference

The latest revisions of the following standards shall be applied:

IEC 61850 Communication networks and system in substation
IEC 60870 Telecontrol equipment and systems
Lao Electric Power Technical Standards
Lao Grid Code

4.5.3 Technical Requirement

The Computerized Control System shall have the functions and features as follows:
(1) Control and monitoring of the equipment
(2) System supervision
(3) One line diagram with busbar coloring
(4) Event and alarm lists
(5) Trend curves
(6) Interlocking
(7) Reporting and printing
(8) Global Positioning System (GPS) time synchronization
(9) Monitoring of power quality
(10) Remote relay setting
(11) Uploading and evaluation of disturbance record files
(12) Modification to client-specific requirement such as displays, grouping, reporting
etc.
(13) Multi-level user authorization
(14) Remote access
(15) Microsoft windows operating system
(16) Global standard and protocol for integration of 3rd party IEDs
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-51
As a minimum, the communication shall support multiple protocols including:
a) Master Station Communications
IEC 60870-5 (profile 100, 101 and 103)
DNP 3.0
Public Switched Telephone Network for remote diagnosis and IED’s
remote access/setting
b) IED Communications
TCP/IP Communication
Siemens (VDE-W)
ABB DPU 2000
Schweitzer SEL 251
GEC K Series
SEG
DNP 3.0
c) Miscellaneous
Modbus
IEEE COMTRADE for fault and transient data recovery
Local GPS (IRIG-B or approved equivalent)

The substation automation’s protection and control Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) for
transmission and distribution networks have been delivered to utilities and industries throughout
the world.

The following types of status input shall be provided:

(1) Single Contact, Two-State Status
(2) Double Contact, Two-State Status
(3) Two-State Status Point with Memory
(4) Three-State Status
(5) Sequence-of-events
(6) Pulse Accumulators

The status point shall be reported to the Man Machine Interface (MMI) on an exception basis
that is, a status point shall not be reported to the MMI during normal scanning unless the point
state has been changed from the last normal scan. The state of selected status shall be reported
upon receipt of a demand scan request.

Analog values shall be reported to the MMI by exception basis that is the point has changed by
more than a programmable dead-band from the last value. The dead-band shall be specified for
each analog point individually. In addition, the alarm analog high and low limit shall be capable.

All control points shall follow a Select-Checkback-Before-Operate (SCBO) by means of the

following procedure:
(1) The point selection command is received from the MMI.
(2) No more than one control point is selected at a time.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-52
 (3) The address point is selected and transmits a selection confirmation to the MMI.
(4) The controller starts the command receipt timer and checks that only the required
point remains selected and no other points become selected.
(5) The execute command is received from the MMI.
(6) The controller verifies the execute command and energizes the selected control point
for a predetermined time.

GPS satellite receiver modules in redundant configuration with optical ports shall be provided
with antenna cable. The module shall provide time synchronization of the protection equipment
in order to guarantee a system wide accuracy of time related data within 1 millisecond.

Power quality monitoring shall be provided for processing and monitoring of harmonic
distortions, voltage drops and peaks measured by the control and protection IEDs.

The monitors may run locally on the screen attached to the base system computer or they may be
distributed on local area network (LAN). The station monitors may also run remotely that is on
home terminals, connected by modem line to the base system.

Data exchange between stations can be performed via remote input/output modules .

In case the computerized control system is out of order, the substation can immediately be
operated via conventional control, control and protection panel.

4.5.4 Equipment Condition

The equipment, including processor, hard disk drive, color monitor, keyboard and cursor
positioning device, shall be designed for continuous operation in substation environment. The
hardware shall be the latest available technology and industrial grade.

The Configuration shall consist of a central processing module, local user interface, distributed
Input/Output modules, time and date facilities together with a time reference unit, local area
network (LAN) and gateway for external access.

4.5.5 Factory Routine Test

Routine tests and test report shall include the following:

(1) Manufacturer’s standard routine tests shall be done in accordance with the
referenced standard.
(2) Visual inspection to confirm that construction and general requirement have been
met.
(3) Rigorous testing of each input and output functions. This shall include the
sequence of event (SOE) and the disturbance data storage functions as well as the
operation and performance of the system.
(4) Verification of ac input without transducers.
(5) Verification of the IED capability.
(6) Verification of the use of the local user interface for maintenance and testing.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-53
 (7) Verification of the ability to download parameters and configuration data from
the master station.
(8) Verification of the firmware and software.
(9) Verification of the successful communications (i.e. protocols) at all the required
data rates by using communication test set.
(10) Communication errors are detected.
(11) SCBO procedures are properly performed for control outputs.
(12) No false control output during power up and down and no false control output
due to a single equipment failure.

4.5.6 Installation
(1) Installation shall perform in accordance with IEC 61850 “ Communication
network and systems in substations “.
(2) At least 20% of the space inside each enclosure shall be unused space that shall
be reserved for future use. The 10% of spare terminal for each panel shall be
provided and install in the panel.

4.5.7 Site Test

Site test shall be performed in the field in conjunction with the primary equipment. This shall
include the individual testing and full functional testing.

4.5.8 Training

1) The operation training shall include:

(a) System overview that presents configuration, application, capability and
performance concept.
(b) General operating procedures that cover basic user interface features, display
and report capabilities, log-on steps, user access restriction, error message
etc.
(c) Equipment handling.
(d) Preventive maintenance.

2) The maintenance training shall include:

(a) Theory of operation
(b) Block diagram and data flows
(c) Use of the local user interfaces
(d) Module or assembly replacement procedures
(e) Installation, startup, adjustment, reconfiguration, setting operational
parameters and expansion.
(f) Testing and communications with the master stations
(g) Orientation and coordination of the related documentation such as manuals,
configuration and assembly drawings, schematic diagrams and part lists.
(h) Diagnostics and verification of the proper operation of the special tools.
(i) Troubleshooting or replaceable part level
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-54
4.6 Communication System

4.6.1 General

These specifications cover the requirements of communication equipment and teleprotection

for Substation. All interfacing signals shall be provided at the fiber terminal box in the control
building and ready to terminate at the joint box.

Communication and teleprotection equipment shall be designed for reliable transmission of

signals to communicate between:
• Hongsa Substation and Power Plant
• Hongsa Substation and Luangprabang 2 Substation
• Hongsa Substation and Mine Substation

4.6.2 Reference

The latest revisions of the following standards shall be applied:

IEC 61850 Communication networks and system in substation

IEC 60870 Telecontrol equipment and systems

4.6.3 Technical Requirement

1) Teleprotection

Teleprotection equipment shall be capable of simultaneously transmitting and

receiving signals between the line protection equipment or substation protection
equipment provided at each substation. This equipment shall be divided to two
types. One can be used for direct and permissive transfer trip scheme. The other
can be used for blocking and unblocking scheme.
(a) For Transfer Trip and Blocking Scheme
(1) Testing of Teleprotection System

A test panel for sending, as a matter of test, a signal from each end
in turn and for checking that this equipment is operated at a
satisfactory level shall be provided. The testing facilities shall be
manual and shall have the visual indicator (lamp) when the test
switch is in the test mode. It is desirable that provision is made to
perform loop testing. Cut-off carrier shall be provided for using in
the test mode.

Transmission time from OLTE to OLTE:

o Permissive trip or blocking ≤ 12 ms
o Direct trip ≤ 14 ms
o Trip extension time or prolong time ≤ 40 ms
(2) Monitoring of Teleprotection System
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-55
 Two relay contacts (selectable NO/NC) shall be provided at each
alarm or monitoring point. One for remote alarm which shall be
connected to substation annunciator or recorder. The other one for
spare. These relay contacts shall be brought out and terminated at a
terminal block which mounted in the equipment shelf. The
required alarm or monitoring points are as follows:
o - Signal send or input command condition.
o - Signal received or output command condition.
o - Signal fail alarm
(b) Alarm and Blocking

When single component failure occurs which may cause false trip or
transmitter failure or loss of power supply, alarm shall be given. Any
signal which causes false trip shall be blocked.

2) Optical Line Terminal Equipement (OLTE)

Optical Line Terminal Equipment shall be designed to handle time sensitive

application such as protective relaying and shall be designed for back-to-back
and drop-and-insert equipment.

3) Multiplexer

The equipment in this PCM with 8-bit speech encoding, 30 individual channels,
each encoded at 64 Kbps into a single bit stream. The equipment shall be able to
change from 64 kbps to 155 kbps in the future.
(1) 4 Wire E & M voice frequency module
Signaling type : E & M Typed V
Frequency response : 300 – 3400 Hz
Impedance : 600 Ω, TX and RX
Standard : ITU-T G.712
(2) 2 Wire voice frequency module for PABX
Impedance : 600 Ω
Signaling type : Loop start or ground start
Dialing : Tone (DTMF)
Ring generator : between 70-110 VRMS 20-30 Hz
(3) V.35 synchronous data module
Transmission Type : Synchronous, 64 Kbps
Timing : Internal/External/Co-directional/ Contra-
directional per ITU-T G.703
Loop back test : Shall be loop back at local and remote site
(4) RS232 asynchronous data module
Data Interface : RS-232, Full duplex
Date Rate : 9600 Kbps per channel
Signal : Tx, Rx, Clear-to Send (CTS) Carrier
Detect.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-56
 (5) 64 Kbps ITU-T Rec. G.703 for teleprotection equipment.
Transmission Type : synchronous, 64 Kbps
Interface : ITU-T Rec. G.703
Timing : Shall be co-direction or contra-directional
selected

Bidder shall give software, software manual for OLTE and Multiplexer’s
operating and maintenance to Employer and laptop computer to program OLTE
and PABX.

Spare part and testing equipment of communication system are as follows:

1) Optical time domain reflect meter (OTDR) 1 set
2) Optical level generator 1 set
3) Optical level meter 1 set
4) Bit error rate measure 1 set
5) Splicing equipment 1 set
6) Splicing tool 1 set
7) Spare part fiber optic equipment 1 set
8) Necessary of spare part recommended by the Supplier 1 set

4) Inverter for OLTE and Multiplexer

48 VDC from the substation’s battery is preferred to be a main source and 230
VAC shall be reserved. Bidder shall design the inverter function to be satisfied.
When the main source cannot support the load (e.g. DC loss) the inverter shall
transfer the load to the reserve source and when the main source is recovered it
shall transfer back. Transferring the load to the main or the reserve source shall
be automatic without any interrupted to the teleprotection function.

Main Source : 48 VDC+ 10%

Reserve source : 230 VAC+ 10%, 50 Hz nominal
Output Voltage : -48 VDC nominal, positive ground
Output Power rating : > 150% of power consumption
Ripple Voltage : < 50 mVrms between 45 Hz to 125 Hz
Protection : Under and over DC Voltage, overload
Alarm status : -Input status (both AC and DC)
- Inverter output status

5) Rack Requirement

Distribution Frame, OLTE and multiplexer shall be installed in rack. Size of the
rack shall be preferably as follows:

Height : 2,200 mm.

Width : 600 mm.
Depth : 600 mm.

Sub-racks and unit shall be designed for plug-in type and rated at 48 VDC
electrical connections to these shall be via plug/socket or connector. The sub-
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-57
 racks and units shall be capable of being secured at the front to prevent
accidental removal.

All partially equipped racks shall be fully wired for future expansion. The spare
cabling shall be complete with terminating connectors.

The free location in rack or sub racks (for future expansion sub-rack) shall be
fitted with dust covers or dummy panels in order to prevent the units from dust
and improve the equipment appearance.

6) Private Automatic Branch Exchange, PABX

PABX shall be supplied for connecting to the Optical Line Terminal Equipment
(OLTE). It shall have the following capacity, but also be capable of future
expansion:

Required
Number of trunk cards 4
Number of extension cards 4
Number of cabled extension circuits 6
Number of handsets 8

The PABX shall be nominally rated 48 VDC.

7) Very High Frequency (VHF) Communication System

A VHF communication system is required for backup communication system. The scope of
supply shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
• VHF transceiver with code calling facility
• Power supply unit for base sets
• Antenna tower including lattice steel tower or guys tower, foundations, etc.

The transceivers shall conform to the following specifications:

i) RF output power: 30 Watts nominal
ii) No. of switchable channels: 6 Frequencies matching with the existing system
iii) Channel separation: 25 kHz
iv) Frequency control: Synthesised
v) Display: Digital LED/LCD
vi) Audio output: 2 Watts with less than 10% distortion
vii) Controls: Power, volume, channel selection, code calling, operator
selectable channel scan function, etc.

The Contractor shall ascertain the height of the VHF antenna tower at 22 kV Hongsa
Substation after carrying out a VHF survey. The height of the antenna tower shall be provided
by the Contractor in order to communicate with nearby EDL substation. The RF output power
shall be ascertained by the Contractor after carrying out survey and design according to ITU
standards.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-58
The VHF mast shall be of galvanised steel. Aviation obstruction lights to be provided on VHF
mast shall conform to the requirements of the Employer. The design wind velocity is 185
km/hr.

The base antenna shall be an omnidirectional ground-plane antenna. Maximum power input
shall be 100 Watts with VSWR on tuned frequencies of 1.2.

The base antenna coaxial cable shall be of copper conductor polyethylene foam insulated type.
The attenuation shall not exceed 1.5 dB per 100 metres at 40 MHz. The characteristic
impedance shall be 50 ohms.

8) Interface via Remote Input/Output Modules

Based on the Contract of Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), the automatic

generator control (AGC) is applied between EGAT Dispatching Center, Power
Station and 115kV Hongsa Substation, the following interface items are required
between Power Station and 115kV Hongsa Substation as minimum:

1) From 115kV Hongsa Substation to Power Station

(a) Analog Signal (Analog Output 4-20 mA)

No Name Range Remarks

.
1 Active power (MW), 0-300 MW DCS
Hongsa Line 1 EGAT-NCC will confirm
later.
2 Reactive power (MVar), -300-300 MVar DCS
Hongsa Line 1 (can be adjusted) EGAT-NCC will confirm
later.
3 Active power (MW), 0-300 MW DCS
Hongsa Line 2 EGAT-NCC will confirm
later.
4 Reactive power (MVar), -300-300 MVar DCS
Hongsa Line 2 (can be adjusted) EGAT-NCC will confirm
later.
5 Active power (MW), 0-300 MW DCS
Luangprabang Line 1
6 Reactive power (MVar), -300-300 MVar DCS
Luangprabang Line 1 (can be adjusted)
7 Active power (MW), 0-300 MW DCS
Luangprabang Line 2
8 Reactive power (MVar), -300-300 MVar DCS
Luangprabang Line 2 (can be adjusted)
9 Active power (MW), 0-100 MW DCS
Mine Line 1
10 Reactive power (MVar), -100-100 MVar DCS
Mine Line 1 (can be adjusted)
11 Active power (MW), 0-100 MW DCS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-59
 Mine Line 2
12 Reactive power (MVar), -100-100 MVar DCS
Mine Line 2 (can be adjusted)
13 Active power (MW), 0-10 MW DCS
EdL’s 22kV Line
14 Reactive power (MVar), -10-10 MVar DCS
EdL’s 22kV Line (can be adjusted)
15 MW Setpoint Phase 0-200 MW DCS
Shifting Transformer (Load EGAT-NCC will confirm
Target) later.
16 Frequency (Hz) 45-55 Hz DCS
(b) Digital Signal (Digital Output)

No Name Range Remarks

.
1 CB status Hongsa Line 1, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
2 CB status Hongsa Line 2, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
3 CB status Luangprabang Line 1, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
4 CB status Luangprabang Line 2, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
5 CB status feeder to EdL’s 22kV Line 1, (‘a’ ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
contact)
6 CB status feeder to EdL’s 22kV Line 2, (‘a’ ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
contact)
2) From Power Station to 115kV Hongsa Substation

(c) Digital Signal (Digital Output)

No Name Range Remarks

.
1 CB status Hongsa Line 1, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
Outgoing from plant switchyard
2 CB status Hongsa Line 2, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
Outgoing from plant switchyard
3 CB status Luangprabang Line 1, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
4 CB status Luangprabang Line 2, (‘a’ contact) ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
5 CB status feeder to EdL’s 22kV Line 1, (‘a’ ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
contact)
6 CB status feeder to EdL’s 22kV Line 2, (‘a’ ‘1’ ON, ‘0’ OFF DCS
contact)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 4 : Substation Equipment Page 4-60