Transaxle

TRANSAXLE

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Chonan Technical Service Training Center

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To understand the variation and line-up for ED transaxle.

Objectives To know the system interface and control logic .
Enable to understand the newly developed technical features.

The automatic transaxle for ED is same as one for LD facelift. Just some switch and minor
rd
change have been applied. The 3 position switch was added due to the different shift lever (7
positions with step gate type) and the electronic type shift lock control system has been applied in the
European market for KMC.

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1. Introduction
1.1 General
ED has New Alpha transmission which is being applied in LD facelift model. Its mechanical
structure is nearly same with HIVEC except valve body and the hydraulic circuit and the control logic
is a little bit different. In this training manual it will cover main features which are compared to Alpha
transaxle (A4AF3) and control logic.

1.2 Power train variation

A/T has two models used, these are A4CF1 and A4CF2. However, 1.4L and two diesel models
have only manual transaxle as shown in the below table.

Engine Transaxle Application

Power/Torque
Model Volume M/T A/T 5DR Wagon 3DR
(ps/kg·m)

1.4D CVVT 108 / 13.9 - ● ● ●

Gamma M5CF1
GSL 1.6D CVVT 121 / 15.6 A4CF1 ● ● ●

Beta 2.0D CVVT 140 / 18.8 M5CF2 A4CF2 ● ● ●

U 1.6 VGT 115 / 26.0 M5CF3

M5 CF3 - ● ● ●
DSL
D 2.0 VGT 140 / 31.0 M6GF2 - ● ● ●

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1.3 Components
Mechanically the structure is similar to Hivec’s. PG-A is detected from O/D carrier instead of UD in
HIVEC’s.

2nd brake UD clutch

OD clutch LR brake
Reverse clutch
OWC

OD planetary gear

Output planetary gear

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1.4 Specification
Following the engine line up has 2 types. Gamma engine and Beta engine are used from PCM.
Items A4CF1 A4CF2 A4AF3
Engine Gamma 1.6L Beta II 2.0L Alpha II
Max. Torque (kg.m) 15.6 26 14.6
Number of OWC 1 Å Å
Number of clutch 3 Å Å
Number of brake 2 Å Å
Centrifugal balance 3 (UD, OD, REV clutches) 1 (Front clutch)
chamber

Accumulator 4 (UD, OD, 2nd, LR) 1 (Rear clutch)

Solenoid valves 6 (PWM – 5, VFS – 1) 6(On/Off-3, PWM-3)
TGS lever Sports mode 6 with O/D switch
Length (mm) 379 390.5
Weight (kg) 71.9 76
T/Con. Size (DIA.) 236mm 230mm
1st gear ratio 2.919 2.846
2nd gear ratio 1.551 1.581
3rd gear ratio 1.000 1.000
4th gear ratio 0.713 0.685
Reverse gear ratio 2.480 2.176

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2. Main Features
A4CFx transmission has a lot of changed items comparing to Alpah T/M. It has
1. Long travel damper clutch torsion spring
2. Flat type torque converter
3. Full line pressure control (VFS)
4. High capacity oil pump which is from alloy material
5. Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) wiring harness
6. Hall type PG-A and PG-B without VSS
7. Grinding type gears which can reduce NVH.

2.1 Oil Pump

Oil pump weight is incredibly reduced. Since A4CFx T/M has alloy material used oil pump like Hivec
T/M. Also gear type is from Parachoid which increases the output capacity even in low rpm. Total
volumetric efficiency is improved from 60% in Alpha to 80% at 1,000 rpm.
Items A4CFx A4AF3
Weight 1.9kg 4.7kg
Rotor shape

2.2 Torque Converter

Torque converter thickness is reduced
by 5mm comparing to Alpha T/M.
Reducing thickness results in easy
installation for different vehicles. Long
travel damper clutch is one of the
advantages in A4CFx. Using this,
more variable damper clutch operation
area is extended. Increased damper
clutch operation means better efficiency
in fuel consumption. Each engine has
different T/con. Whenever you replace
it, you must use correct one.

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2.3 Oil Separator

Main function of oil separator is reducing power loss from differential gear which is submerged in
T/M oil. Without this differential gear is always inside in T/M oil resulting in friction loss by this. To
separate oil and differential gear, this oil separator is used. Only proper T/M oil can be transferred
upside from bottom through differential gear.

Oil separator

2.4 Valve Body

Valve body is modified from Alpha T/M. When you disassemble valve body, 5 different length volts
are used as shown in the figure.

E D
C
1. A type (6x30mm) : 17EA
2. B type (6x35mm) : 1EA
3. C type (6x40mm) : 1EA
4. D type (6x55mm) : 1EA
5. E type (6x60mm) : 1EA

A X 17EA
B
Valve body mounting bolt location

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2.5 Solenoid Valves

It has 6 solenoid valves.
1. PCSV-A : LR and OD control
2. PCSV-B : 2nd and Reverse control
3. PCSV-C : UD Control
4. PCSV-D : DCC Control
5. SCSV(On/Off) : Switching PCSV A from LR to OD Control in pressure
6. VFS Solenoid
Except VFS, other 5 solenoids are interchangeable. These have 3.2 Ohm but VFS has 3.5 Ohm.
SCSV (On/Off) is actually controlled with the current controlled pulse – it is not controlled on or off.
All solenoid valves are controlled by Current. Maximum control current is limited by 1.2A.

PCSV-C, PCSV-B, PCSV-D, VFS

SCSV(On/Off), PCSV-A From the Top

2.6 Accumulator

a: For UD clutch
Æ Two springs with white color
b: For OD clutch
Æ One spring with yellow color
c: For 2nd brake
Æ Two springs with yellow color
d: For LR brake
Æ One spring with yellow color

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2.7 Pressure Checking Port

Each pressure can be measured through pressure checking port. Some measuring port positions are
not easy to install pressure gauge because of the main member just below this. For more detail
pressure spec, please refer to the relevant workshop manual.

* The screw diameter and pitch

- UD: Under Drive Clutch
for oil pressure checking port are
- LR: Low and Reverse Brake
same as one for HIVEC.
- DA: Damper Clutch Apply
- LUB: Lubrication Pressure (Constant 0.2~0.3bar)
- RED: Reducing Pressure (Constant 4.5 bar)
- OD: Over Drive Clutch
- 2nd: 2nd Brake
- REV: Reverse Clutch

2.8 Vehicle speed sensor

Vehicle Speed Sensor which is used for TCM and Cluster
speedometer is eliminated. Instead of the conventional
vehicle speed sensor, PG-B (Output Speed Sensor) is used.
After receiving PG-B signal, PCM (TCM) calculates its
vehicle speed and transfers this to cluster with digital
waveform. For engine control and body electrical control
including auto door lock, front right wheel speed sensor is
used for vehicle speed information. However, it differs
depending on the vehicle specification and power train
option.

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2.9 VFS (Variable Force Solenoid)

To improve fuel consumption efficiency and reduce unnecessary high pressure, this VFS is added.
This system is the same which is already used in MG, VQ and UN. Using this system line pressure
can be varied from 4.5 to 10.5 bar. When this system has any failure, line pressure goes to
maximum of 10. 5 bar resulting in some shifting shock. Control way is similar to VQ Delphi system.
Even it has short to ground condition, only VFS doesn’t work. It means this condition doesn’t lead all
solenoid valves off condition. However, in case of ‘short to B+’ condition, the VFS will operate fully
and it may result minimum line pressure. It will cause the severe damage in the clutch disc if you
depress the acceleration pedal fully or do the engine stall test in this condition.

2.10 Inhibitor Switch

As same as in the case of HIVEC system, the sports mode TGS lever is applied and the inhibitor
switch is same as one for HIVEC. For the failsafe of inhibitor switch, the last memory before fault is
used to control the shift range by TCM. When the D terminal is open condition, the TCM will control
the A/T by N range so the forward driving is not allowed in this condition. When the R terminal is
open condition, the TCM will control the A/T by P or N range so the backward driving is not allowed
in this condition. This is the difference comparing with the HIVEC. In case of HIVEC, the Reverse
clutch hydraulic pressure is supplied from the manual valve and it is done mechanically, however this
new alpha A/T has PCSV-B to control 2nd brake and Reverse clutch respectively. In this condition,
PCSV-B will be ON because TCM control the A/T by N or P. If PCSV-B is ON, no hydraulic
nd
pressure is supplied to 2 brake and Reverse clutch and that is the reason why the backward driving

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is not allowed if R terminal is open condition.

2.11 Shift Lever and 3rd Gear Position Sensor

To remove shift lever from the assembly, pushing down chrome cover with twisting and release the
screw. ED has 7 position shift lever unlike JB with 6 positions which A4AFx T/M used.

Chromic cover
(Gate type – ED) (Straight type – JB)

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The 3rd position switch which has the same function with O/D off switch is positioned bottom side
of shift lever assembly. When shift from D to 3, PCM (TCM) makes shift down from 4th to 3rd gear.

2.11 FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) wiring harness

To increase manufacturing efficiency and save space in solenoid valve, flexible printed circuit type
harness is used. It can reduce the weight by 30%.

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3. Electronic Control
Input and output components are the same with HIVEC A/T except VSS. In case of on/off solenoid
this is the main difference comparing to the one for HIVEC.

3.1 Solenoid valve schedule

LR and OD solenoid is shared together when LR brake is engaged in P, On/Off solenoid is
energized to switch its pressure to LR brake.
Items Solenoid Valve (0%:OFF, 100%:ON)

PCSV-A PCSV-B PCSV-C PCSV-D ON/OFF

Range Operation
(OD&LR) (2ND&RVS) (UD) (DCCSV) SOL.

P, N LR OFF ON ON OFF ON

D-1st UD *OFF Æ ON ON OFF OFF *ON Æ OFF

D-2nd UD, 2ND ON OFF OFF ON OFF

D-3rd UD, OD OFF ON OFF ON OFF

D-4th OD, 2ND OFF OFF ON ON OFF

R LR, RVS OFF OFF ON OFF ON

S-1st UD, LR OFF ON OFF OFF ON

* As the front wheel rotates, it is changed depending on the vehicle speed in D range 1st gear
condition. However, it maintains to engage LR brake in case of Sports mode 1st gear.
Next explanation will follow to make you understood the hydraulic control logic.

PCSV-A: It concerns of the hydraulic pressure for OD clutch and LR brake. When the oil pressure
is required for OD clutch or Low & reverse brake, this solenoid valve must be off. Another solenoid
valve (on/off) will decide the oil passage to OD or LR.
PCSV-B: It concerns of the hydraulic pressure for 2nd brake or Reverse clutch. When the oil
nd
pressure is required for 2 brake or Reverse clutch, this solenoid valve must be off. Whenever this
solenoid valve is off, it will make the oil passage of reverse clutch opened. If the manual valve ‘R’
position is selected, the pressure will be applied to the reverse clutch. That is the reason why the
nd th
reverse clutch is not engaged in 2 and 4 gear (PCSV-B off condition)
PCSV-C: It is the simplest one among all solenoid valves. It concerns of only for under drive clutch
operation. When this solenoid valve is off, UD clutch will be engaged. Not only this PCSV-C but
also all solenoid valves in this model are normal high (N/H) type. That is, when the solenoid is
energized with the particular current, the relevant element (clutch or brake) is not engaged (normal

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condition). It is just like a normal open type solenoid valve.

PCSV-D: It is only for damper clutch operation as you can see in the table. When this solenoid is
off, the damper clutch is released.
SCSV (On/Off): As it is mentioned before in this manual, actually it is not controlled by On/Off by
TCM as in the case of previous Alpha or Beta automatic transaxle. It shows the duty controlled
waveform and the Low & Reverse brake pressure and Over drive clutch pressure is switched
depending on the signal of SCSV. When this solenoid valve is off, LR brake pressure is released
and the OD clutch pressure is applied. That is the reason why the 3rd gear failsafe (mechanically
failed 3rd gear condition) is possible when the all solenoid valves are off including this solenoid valve.

3.2 Inputs and Outputs

O/D off request and 2nd and L input are for cruise control only. During driving under 4th gear to uphill,
shift request is sent from Cruise to PCM(TCM) with O/D off request.

2nd and L output is from PCM(TCM) side. When this information is gone to Cruise, Cruise function is
executed.

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3.3 PCM (TCM) location

Gamma and Beta’s case, PCM type is used and it is installed inside engine room as shown in the
below figure.

3.4 Input and Output Speed Sensor

Input and output speed sensor is from hall IC type which signals with digital waveform. In case of
Input speed sensor (PG-A), it detect its signal using OD clutch retainer.

One of important function with these sensors is vehicle speed information. PG-B is used as a main
sensor for this signaling.

PG-A PG-B

To detect PG-A or PG-B failure, special time and other values conditions are need. Before failure
detected above picture, even missing PG-A symptom happens but it doesn’t go to limp home. It
means to detect this failure more than 1 second missing condition in signal happens then PCM
considers this as PG-A failure condition and it goes to limp home. Typical limp home by this is

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electrical 3rd gear holding but shifting from 3rd to 2nd is O.K.

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3.5 OTS (Oil Temperature Sensor)

When OTS has any failure 80 is fixed in current data. Shifting shock under cold condition can be
produced from this.

3.6 Solenoid Valve Control

Bosch and Siemens solenoid valve control is different. In case of Bosch, it is controlled by +. It
means operating voltage is supplied by PCM (TCM). Oppositely in Siemens, ground control is done
except VFS. Both systems adopt positive VFS control. Even VFS has any failure only VFS itself
doesn’t work.

Gamma (Bosch PCM) Beta 2.0 (Siemens PCM)

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VFS Other Solenoid Valve

Solenoid valve connector layout

No. Γ-1.6, U-1.6 Β-2.0

1 PCSV-A (OD & LR) PCSV-A (OD & LR)

2 PCSV-B (2nd & Rev.) PCSV-B (2nd & Rev.)

3 SCSV (On/Off) SCSV (On/Off)

4 PCSV-D (Lock up) PCSV-D (Lock up)

5 OTS (Ground) OTS (Ground)

6 OTS (Signal) OTS (Signal)

7 Solenoid valves Ground Solenoid valves Power

8 PCSV-C (UD) PCSV-C (UD)

9 VFS VFS

10 VFS Ground VFS Power

When solenoid valve has any failure, it goes to immediate 3rd gear fix.

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In point A, SCSV on/off valve goes to short to GND. Even it does like this before, the duration is not
more than 1 second so it doesn’t goes to limp home. When it goes over more than 1 second, it goes
to 3rd gear hold and releases all solenoid power. This can be distinguished with PG-A or PG-B failure.

PG-A or PG-B failure’s case shifting from 3rd to 2nd is O.K but solenoid failure doesn’t allow any
shifting except P & N or R.

3.7 Stall Test

One of the effective methods to distinguish is stall test. You can conduct stall test with relevant
device. After warming up, depress the TP to maximum so as to check engine rpm under full braking
condition. After getting the result, you can compare and estimate whether engine side or T/M side has
any failure. For example if you get a high rpm in specified gear range, you can expect that gear
engaged solenoid failures. This is indirect way to check T/M problems but quite effective.

Using normal vehicle after warming up, it shows around 2,400 rpm but the reference in workshop
manual can be different. For more details feel free to check relevant workshop manual.

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3.8 CAN Communication

Both internal and external CAN communication system is used. In case of U 1.6 CRDI, it is used by
external CAN communication since ECM and TCM are separated.

Through CAN communication system, these data are interchanging.

1. Engine rpm
2. Engine torque & torque reduction
3. A/con. On and Off
4. Throttle Position and Engine Coolant Temperature

When CAN system has any failure, it shows can bus off or can time out error. And mentioned data

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will be fixed like as follow:

3.9 Resetting Auto T/A Values

Recent Transmission can have self studying function for better shift quality. Increasing or

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decreasing solenoid valve duty by checking output speed comparing to input speed value is the main
factor. Also damping control by each different various is done by this self studying.
Whenever you replace new TM with old PCM(TCM), it is strongly recommended to conduct resetting
auto T/A values. Conducting this you can erase all taught value before.

3.10 Current Data (P & N)

Under P & N range only LR brake is engage. Solenoid 100% means reducing line pressure (No
engagement).

3.11 Electronic controlled shift lock system

This system has been applied in Kia vehicle for North American or domestic market. It is the first
time to adopt in EU market from ED so it will explain this system feature briefly in this manual.
1) Mechanical cable type
In this system, the independent electronic control module
is not required. The operating noise is lower than the
electronic system because there is no solenoid valve.
This system offers P to R shift lock only, that is N to R shift
lock is not supported. Just depressing the foot brake, the
lock is released without ignition key ON. This system has
been applied in MS, SA, GH, JB (for KMC) and XD, LD, EF,
TB, JB (for HMC).

Release

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2) Actuator (built in control module) type

In this system, the independent electronic
control module is not required, it is built in the
actuator. The operating noise is higher than
other types. This system offers not only P to
R shift lock but also N to R shift lock.
Depressing the foot brake under the ignition
key ON condition to release the actuator.
This system has been applied in
GQ,SD,CT,PU,VQ (for KMC).

3) Solenoid valve type

In this system, not only P o R shift lock but also ‘N shift lock’ function is available. (Foot brake ON is
required for ‘N to R’ shift) Generally N to R shift function is added on the vehicle that has the step
gate type shift lever because there is no ‘push button’ in the gate type lever so it is necessary to get
the another safety device for R shifting instead of the ‘push button’. It has lower operating noise and
better layout to install on the vehicle.
The independent control module is required and it has been applied in EN, EP, ED, NF, TG, LC (for
HMC) and MG, VQ, ED (for KMC) Following is the releasing condition of the solenoid valve and it
controls the adjustable pedal together in case of some vehicle such as NF, TG, EN (for HMC) and VQ
(for KMC).
Releasing condition:
- Ignition key ON
- P, N range
- D range (VSS<7km/h)*
* Some vehicle will receive the vehicle speed signal to ‘ATM shift lock control module’.

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The reason of the input for the vehicle speed sensor is,

ATM & Key lock control

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Sometimes, a driver may shift the lever from D to R with very high speed while parking. Basically
the shift lock solenoid is not released in D range. But if the driver move the lever from D to R with
too much high speed, the ‘ATM shift lock control module’ may loose the signal of ‘N’, so that the shift
lever cannot move from N to R immediately even though the foot brake pedal is depressed securely.
That is why exceptionally the solenoid will be released in advance at D range if the vehicle speed is
lower than 7kph (it means that the vehicle is being parked now) for smooth moving form N to R
without any stopping and resistance.
Depending on the vehicle model and specification, the ‘P’ range signal inputs to ‘ATM shift lock
control module’ from the A/T inhibitor switch or independent ‘p’ position switch located nearby the shift
lever.

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