‘’Definitions’’
1. Scalar quantities: Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a
magnitude (or numerical value) alone.
2. Vector quantities: Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a
magnitude and a direction.
3. Mass: a large body of matter with no definite shape.
4. Weight: a body's relative mass or the quantity of matter contained by it,
giving rise to a downward force; the heaviness of a person or thing.
5. Density: the degree of compactness of a substance.
6. Acceleration: the rate of change of velocity per unit of time.
7. Uniform acceleration: Uniform acceleration is the change of equal velocity
in equal interval of time.
8. Non-uniform acceleration: Non uniform acceleration is the change of
unequal velocity in equal interval of time.
9. Terminal velocity: the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually
reaches when the resistance of the medium through which it is falling
prevents further acceleration.
10.Uniform acceleration: A body is said to have uniform velocity if it covers
equal distance in equal intervals of time in a particular direction
11.Non-uniform velocity: Non uniform velocity means velocity isn't constant
with respect to time.
12.Gravitational acceleration: gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on
an object caused by the force of gravitation, Neglecting friction such as air
resistance.
13.Work: If a force is applied on a body & if it covers a displacement than work
is said to be done.
14.Power: The rate of doing work is known as power.
15.Energy: The ability to do work is known as energy.
16.Kinetic energy: the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses
due to its motion.
17.Potential energy: The energy posses by a body by virtue of its position is
known as potential energy.
18.Moment: moment of force (often just moment) is a measure of its tendency
to cause a body to rotate about a specific point or axis.
19.Torque: Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause rotation. The point
where the object rotates is known as the axis of rotation.
20.Pressure: Pressure is defined as force per unit area.
21.Hydrostatic pressure: he pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given
point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity.
‘’Definitions’’
22.Atmospheric pressure: Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit
area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air above that surface
23.Renewable energy: Renewable energy is energy that is collected from
renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale,
such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
24.Non-renewable energy: A natural resource such as coal, gas, or oil that, once
consumed, cannot be replaced.
25.Conservation of energy: the law of conservation of energy states that the
total energy of an isolated system remains constant, This law means
that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be
transformed or transferred from one form to another.
26.Pascal’s law: Pascal’s law states that, in a fluid at rest in a closed container,
a pressure change in one part is transmitted without loss to every portion of the
fluid and to the walls of the container.
27.Inertia: Inertia is the resistance of the object to any change in its motion,
including a change in direction.
28.1st law of motion: Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or
in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.
29.2nd law of motion: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
net force exerted and inversely proportional to the object's mass.
30.3rd law of motion: The third law of motion states that if a body exerts a force on
a second body, the second body exerts a force that is equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction to the first force. So for every action force there is an equal
but opposite reaction force.
31.Centre of gravity: center of gravity is that point in a body or system around
which its mass or weight is evenly distributed or balanced and through which
the force of gravity acts.
32.Force: force is the push or pull on an object with mass that causes it to change
velocity.
33.Efficency: Efficiency is a measure of how much work or energy is conserved in
a process.
