Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010

Software Configuration Guide

First Published: 2010-05-27
Last Updated: 2017-10-25
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© 2010–2017 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2
 Preface

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

Organization
The document organization is described in the following table:

1 Overview of the Hardware and Describes new hardware and software features in
Software this release, features by platform, new slots,
common ports, and getting started tasks.
2 Setup for Initial Configuration Describes how to perform the initial configuration of
the router using the Cisco Setup command facility,
verifying the initial configuration, and completing the
configuration.
3 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Describes how to perform the initial configuration of
Configuration the router using the Cisco IOS command-line
interface (CLI), and additional configuration
procedures for the router.
4 Basic Router Configuration Describes how to perform the basic router
configuration, interface configuration, and routing
configuration.
5 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Describes how to configure backup interfaces,
Remote Management configure dial backup, and remote management.
6 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software Describes how to upgrade the Cisco IOS software
image on the router or the access point.
7 Using CompactFlash Memory Describes how to use Advanced Capability
CompactFlash (CF) memory cards on the router.
8 Using ROM Monitor Describes how to use the ROM monitor to manually
load a system image, upgrade the system image when
there are no TFTP servers or network connections, or
for disaster recovery.
9 Changing the Configuration Register Describes the 16-bit configuration register in
Settings NVRAM and how to make changes to the register
settings using the Cisco IOS CLI.

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 Preface
Conventions

Conventions
This document uses the following conventions:

Convention Indication
bold font Commands and keywords and user-entered text appear in bold font.
italic font Document titles, new or emphasized terms, and arguments for which you supply
values are in italic font.
[] Elements in square brackets are optional.
{x | y | z } Required alternative keywords are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars.
[x|y|z] Optional alternative keywords are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars.
string A nonquoted set of characters. Do not use quotation marks around the string or
the string will include the quotation marks.
courier font Terminal sessions and information the system displays appear in courier font.
<> Nonprinting characters such as passwords are in angle brackets.
[] Default responses to system prompts are in square brackets.
!, # An exclamation point (!) or a pound sign (#) at the beginning of a line of code
indicates a comment line.

Note Means reader take note.

Tip Means the following information will help you solve a problem.

Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might perform an action that could result in equipment
damage or loss of data.

Timesaver Means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the action described in
the paragraph.

Warning Means reader be warned. In this situation, you might perform an action that could result in
bodily injury.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Overview of the Hardware and Software

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 (Cisco CGR 2010) router is a member of the
Cisco Connected Grid Router 2000 Series family of routers. The Cisco CGR 2010 router is designed to run
in the extreme and demanding power substation environment. It is an especially rugged,
high-performance router that provides LAN and WAN connectivity, field replaceable parts, and feature
upgrades through software licensing. The Cisco CGR 2010 router is designed to withstand hostile
environments while continuing to deliver the performance, availability, and reliability to scale
mission-critical needs.

Audience
The Cisco IOS software documentation set is intended primarily for users who configure and maintain
Cisco networking devices (such as routers and switches) but who may not be familiar with the tasks, the
relationship between tasks, or the Cisco IOS software commands necessary to perform particular tasks.
The Cisco IOS software documentation set is also intended for those users experienced with Cisco IOS
software who need to know about new features, new configuration options, and new software
characteristics in the current Cisco IOS software release.
The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 router is described in the following sections.
• New Features in this Release, page 2
• Features by Platform, page 3
• Platform Description, page 3
• Common Ports, page 4
• Activating the Cisco Software License, page 4
• Getting Started, page 4

Note This document is written for experienced technical workers who install, monitor, and troubleshoot
routers under a service contract, or who work for an information technology (IT) department.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Overview of the Hardware and Software
New Features in this Release

New Features in this Release

New features in this release are described in Table 1.

Table 1 New Features

Feature Description
USB Console Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 provides an additional mechanism for configuring the system
through a personal computer connected to a USB console. The traditional RJ-45 console port is also
available.
Advanced Capability Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 uses Advanced Capability CompactFlash memory to store
CompactFlash the system image, configuration files, and some software data files. The Advanced Capability
CompactFlach is capable of supporting PIO mode 6 which provides higher transfer rates.
Note If an Advanced Capability Flash is not available, a warning message is displayed.
SFP/Gigabit Ethernet Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 has an SFP 1/Gigabit Ethernet port that supports a maximum of
Port two ports of either copper or fiber connections. Media can be configured for failover redundancy
when the network goes down. See the Chapter 1, “Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote
Management”.
Only the following certified industrial-grade (i-Temp) SFPs are supported:
• GLC-FE-100FX-RGD—100BASE-FX SFP module for Industrial Ethernet 100-MB ports,
1310 nm wavelength, 2 km over MMF; cable distance supported: 1.24 miles (2 km)
• GLC-FE-100LX-RGD—100BASE-LX SFP module for Industrial Ethernet 100-MB ports,
1310 nm wavelength, 10 km over SMF; cable distance supported: 6.2 miles (10 km)
• GLC-ZX-SM-RGD 1000BASE-ZX SFP transceiver module for SMF, 1550-nm wavelength,
industrial Ethernet; cable distance supported: 43.4 to 62 miles (70 to 100 km)
• GLC-LX-SM-RGD 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP transceiver module for MMF and SMF,
1300-nm wavelength, industrial Ethernet; cable distance supported: 1804 feet (550 m)
• GLC-SX-MM-RGD 1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver module for MMF, 850-nm wavelength,
industrial Ethernet; cable distance supported: Modal Bandwidth (MHz/km) 400 —1640 feet
(500 m); Modal Bandwidth 500—1804 feet (550 m)
The RJ-45 supports the 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T IEEE copper standards.
New Module and Cisco CGR 2010 introduces the following new vertical module and GRWICs 2 which are inserted in
Interface Card Features the router slots.
• GRWIC-1CE1T1-PRI—1-Port T1/E1 GRWIC
• GRWIC-2CE1T1-PRI—2-Port T1/E1 GRWIC
• GRWIC-8A/S-232—8-Port A/S Serial GRWIC
Note See the router’s Hardware Installation Guide for a complete list of supported modules and
interface cards.
1. Small Form-factor Pluggable
2. Grid Router WAN Interface Cards

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Overview of the Hardware and Software
Features by Platform

Features by Platform
Table 2 shows new feature support by platform.

Table 2 New Features in this Release for the Cisco CGR 2010 Router Platform

Features CGR 2010

New Module and Interface Card Features Y
SFP/Gigabit Ethernet Port Y
Advanced Capability CompactFlash Y
Multi-Gigabit Fabric Communication N

Platform Description
The following sections describe the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Slots and Ports

Table 3 describes Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 slots and ports.

Table 3 Cisco CGR 2010 Series Models

Router SW GRWIC Slots DW GRWIC Slot CF Slots GE/SFP ports

Cisco CGR 2010 4 2 2 2

GRWIC Form Factors and Slot Numbering

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 supports one of the following three GRWIC module options:
• Option 1: Four single-wide GRWIC modules
• Option 2: Two double-wide GRWIC modules
• Option 3: One double-wide and two single-wide GRWIC modules
• Option 4: Two single-wide and one double-wide GRWIC modules

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Overview of the Hardware and Software
Common Ports

Table 4 shows the form factor capability of each GRWIC slot.

Table 4 GRWICs Slot Compatibility on Cisco CGR 2010

Options Slot 3 Slot 2 Slot 1 Slot 0

Option 1 Single-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC
Option 2 Double-wide GRWIC Double-wide GRWIC
Option 3 Double-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC
Option 4 Single-wide GRWIC Single-wide GRWIC Double-wide GRWIC

Common Ports
• Gigabit Ethernet RJ45/SFP— Ports available through RJ45 and SFP connectors. Connection will
fail over if the secondary connection goes down.
• RS232 Aux Port— Supports modem control lines and remote administration for box-to-box
redundancy applications.
• RS232 Console Port— Supports modem control lines and remote administration of the router with
the proprietary cable shipped in the box.
• Type A USB 2.0—Supports USB-based flash memory sticks, security tokens, and USB-compliant
devices.
• Type B USB Console Port— Supports modem control lines and remote administration of the router
using a type B USB-compliant cable.

Activating the Cisco Software License

For a quick start guide to deploy and activate software for your Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010, see
Cisco IOS Software Activation website. For more information about the Cisco Software Activation
process, see Cisco IOS Software Activation Conceptual Overview. For an e-learning presentation about
Cisco license activation, see Introduction to Cisco Software Activation.

Getting Started
Install the router in an appropriate location as described in the Hardware Installation Guide. Connect the
router using the appropriate cables, then supply power. Perform the following steps.

Step 1 See the Chapter 1, “Setup for Initial Configuration” and perform the initial software configuration using
Cisco Configuration Professional Express.
Step 2 See the Chapter 1, “Basic Router Configuration” and perform the basic router configuration.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Setup for Initial Configuration

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

This module describes how to perform the initial configuration on the

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 using the Cisco Setup command facility. However, we recommend
using Cisco Configuration Professional Express (Cisco CPE). Cisco CPE is a web-based graphical-user
interface that lets you perform the initial configuration.
For cross-platform system requirements, feature support, memory recommendations, platform-specific
information, new and changed information, and other information related to Cisco IOS Release 15.1T, see
Release Notes for Cisco IOS Release 15.1T.

Contents
• Cisco Configuration Professional, page 5
• Cisco Setup Command Facility, page 6
• Verifying the Initial Configuration, page 9
• Completing the Configuration, page 9

Cisco Configuration Professional

After you connect cables and supply power to the router, download and use the Cisco Configuration
Professional (Cisco CP) or Cisco CPE web-based application to configure the initial router settings.

Cisco Configuration Professional

Cisco CP is a GUI-based device management tool that allows you to configure Cisco IOS-based access
routers, including Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 routers. Cisco CP simplifies router, security, unified
communications, wireless, WAN, and basic LAN configuration through GUI-based, easy-to-use wizards.
Cisco CP is installed on a PC. See Cisco Configuration Professional Quick Start Guide for detailed Cisco
CP installation instructions.
For instructions on using the Cisco CP, see the Cisco CP online help.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Setup for Initial Configuration
Cisco Setup Command Facility

Cisco Configuration Professional Express

Cisco CP Express is a light weight version of Cisco CP. You can use Cisco CP Express to configure basic
security features on the router's LAN and WAN interfaces. Cisco CP Express is available on the router
Flash memory. See the Cisco CP Express online help for detailed instructions.

Cisco Setup Command Facility

The setup command facility prompts you to enter the information that is needed to quickly configure a
router using the IOS command-line interface (CLI). The facility steps you through a initial configuration,
including LAN and WAN interfaces. For more general information about the setup command facility, see
the following document:
Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide, Release 12.4, see Part 2: Cisco IOS User
Interfaces: Using AutoInstall and Setup.

Using the Setup Command Facility to Perform Initial Configuration

This section explains how to configure a hostname for the router, set passwords, and configure an
interface for communication with the management network.

Note The messages that are displayed will vary based on your router model, the installed interface modules,
and the software image. The following example and the user entries (in bold) are shown as examples
only.

Note If you make a mistake while using the setup command facility, you can exit and run the setup command
facility again. Press Ctrl-C, and enter the setup command in privileged EXEC mode (Router#).

Step 1 Enter the setup command facility using the Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) in privileged EXEC
mode:
Router> enable
Password: password
Router# setup

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y

By entering y(es), you are now in the Setup Configuration Utility.

The prompts in the setup command facility vary; depending on your router model, on the installed
interface modules, and on the software image. The following steps and the user entries (in bold) are
shown as examples only.

Note If you make a mistake while using the setup command facility, you can exit and run the setup
command facility again. Press Ctrl-C, and enter the setup command at the privileged EXEC
mode prompt (Router#). For more information on using the setup command facility, see The
Setup Command chapter in Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference,
Release 12.2T.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

6 OL-20356-01
 Setup for Initial Configuration
Cisco Setup Command Facility

Step 2 To proceed using the setup command facility, enter yes.

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: yes

At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.

Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity

for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface on the system

Step 3 Basic management setup configures only enough connectivity.

Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: yes

Step 4 Enter a hostname for the router (this example uses myrouter):
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Router]: myrouter

Step 5 Enter an enable secret password. This password is encrypted (for more security) and cannot be seen
when viewing the configuration.
The enable secret is a password used to protect access to
privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
Enter enable secret: cisco

Step 6 Enter an enable password that is different from the enable secret password. This password is not
encrypted (and is less secure) and can be seen when viewing the configuration.
The enable password is used when you do not specify an
enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
some boot images.
Enter enable password: cisco123

Step 7 Enter the virtual terminal password, which prevents unauthenticated access to the router through ports
other than the console port:
The virtual terminal password is used to protect
access to the router over a network interface.
Enter virtual terminal password: cisco

Step 8 Respond to the following prompts as appropriate for your network:

Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]: yes
Community string [public]:

A summary of the available interfaces is displayed.

Note The interface summary includes interface numbering, which is dependent on the router model
and the installed modules and interface cards.

Current interface summary

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Prol

GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.2 YES NVRAM administratively down dow
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 7
 Setup for Initial Configuration
Cisco Setup Command Facility

Serial0/0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow

Serial0/0/4 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/5 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/6 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/7 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES NVRAM up up

Enter interface name used to connect to the

management network from the above interface summary:

Step 9 Select one of the available interfaces for connecting the router to the management network:
Enter interface name used to connect to the
management network from the above interface summary: gigabitethernet0/0

Step 10 Respond to the following prompts as appropriate for your network:

Configuring interface GigabitEthernet0/0:
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: yes
IP address for this interface [1.8.83.134]:
Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0
Class A network is 1.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24

The following configuration command script was created:

hostname myrouter
enable secret 5 $1$qjk5$63TwshQT6hdlzZcc.v4VK1
enable password lab
line vty 0 4
password cisco
snmp-server community public
!
no ip routing

!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
no shutdown
ip address 1.8.83.134 255.255.255.0
no mop enabled
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
shutdown
no ip address
!
end

Step 11 Respond to the following prompts. Select [2] to save the initial configuration:
[0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.
[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.
[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.

Enter your selection [2]: 2

Building configuration...

Feb 22 04:43:44.835: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console[OK]

Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.

The user prompt is displayed:

myrouter#

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Setup for Initial Configuration
Verifying the Initial Configuration

Verifying the Initial Configuration

To verify that the new interfaces are operating correctly, perform the following tests:
• To verify that the interfaces and line protocol are in the correct state—up or down—enter the show
interfaces command.
• To display a summary status of the interfaces configured for IP, enter the show ip interface brief
command.
• To verify that you configured the correct hostname and password, enter the show configuration
command.
After you complete and verify the initial configuration, you can configure your Cisco router for specific
functions.

Completing the Configuration

When you have provided all the information requested by the setup command facility, the configuration
appears. To complete your router configuration, follow these steps:

Step 1 A setup command facility prompts you to save the configuration.

• If you answer no, the configuration information you entered is not saved, and you return to the router
enable prompt (Router#). Enter setup to return to the System Configuration Dialog.
• If you answer yes, the configuration is saved, and you are returned to the user EXEC prompt
(Router>).
Step 2 When the messages stop appearing on your screen, press Return to get the Router> prompt.

Note If you see the next message, it means that no other AppleTalk routers were found on the network
attached to the port.

%AT-6-ONLYROUTER: Ethernet0/0: AppleTalk port enabled; no neighbors found

Step 3 The Router> prompt indicates that you are now at the CLI, and you have just completed a initial router
configuration. Nevertheless, this is not a complete configuration. At this point, you have two choices:
• Run the setup command facility again, and create another configuration.
Router> enable
Password: password
Router# setup

• Modify the existing configuration or configure additional features using the CLI:
Router> enable
Password: password
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Setup for Initial Configuration
Completing the Configuration

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

10 OL-20356-01
 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

This module describes how to perform the initial configuration using the Cisco Internet Operating
System (IOS) command-line interface on Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010.

Note We recommend using Cisco Configuration Professional Express, a web-based GUI that lets you perform
the initial configuration.

Contents
• Cisco Configuration Professional Express, page 11
• Prerequisites for Initial Software Configuration Using the Cisco IOS CLI, page 12
• Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration, page 12

Cisco Configuration Professional Express

After you connect cables and supply power to the router, use Cisco Configuration Professional Express
web-based application to configure the initial router settings. See Cisco Configuration Professional
Express User Guide for detailed instructions.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010-2017 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration
Prerequisites for Initial Software Configuration Using the Cisco IOS CLI

Prerequisites for Initial Software Configuration Using the

Cisco IOS CLI
Follow the instructions in the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 hardware installation guide to install the
chassis, connect cables, and supply power to the router.

Timesaver Before supplying power to the router, disconnect all WAN cables from the router to keep it from trying
to run the AutoInstall process. The router tries to run AutoInstall if you power it on while there is a WAN
connection on both ends and the router does not have a valid configuration file stored in NVRAM (for
instance, when you add a new interface). It can take several minutes for the router to determine that
AutoInstall is not connected to a remote TCP/IP host.

Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

This section contains the following procedures:
• Configuring the Router Hostname, page 12 (Optional)
• Configuring the Enable and Enable Secret Passwords, page 13 (Required)
• Configuring the Console Idle Privileged EXEC Timeout, page 15 (Optional)
• Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces, page 16 (Required)
• Specifying a Default Route or Gateway of Last Resort, page 19 (Required)
• Configuring Virtual Terminal Lines for Remote Console Access, page 22 (Required)
• Securing Access to the Ethernet Switch Module (ESM), page 24
• Configuring the Auxiliary Line, page 26 (Optional)
• Verifying Network Connectivity, page 28 (Required)
• Saving Your Router Configuration, page 29 (Required)
• Saving Backup Copies of Configuration and System Image, page 29 (Optional)
• Monitoring Environmental Parameters, page 31

Configuring the Router Hostname

The hostname is used in CLI prompts and default configuration filenames. If you do not configure the
router hostname, the router uses the factory-assigned default hostname “Router.”
Do not expect case sensitivity to be preserved in the hostname. Uppercase and lowercase characters are
treated identically by many Internet software applications. Conventions dictate that computer names
appear in all lowercase characters. For more information, see RFC 1178, Choosing a Name for Your
Computer.
The name must also follow the rules for ARPANET hostnames. They must start with a letter, end with a
letter or digit, and have only letters, digits, and hyphens as interior characters. Names must be 63
characters or fewer. For more information, see RFC 1035, Domain Names—Implementation and
Specification.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

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 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration
Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. hostname name
4. Verify that the router prompt displays your new hostname.
5. end

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 hostname name Specifies or modifies the hostname for the network server.

Example:
Router(config)# hostname myrouter
Step 4 Verify that the router prompt displays your new —
hostname.

Example:
myrouter(config)#
Step 5 end (Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
myrouter# end

Configuring the Enable and Enable Secret Passwords

To provide an additional layer of security, particularly for passwords that cross the network or are stored
on an unsecured TFTP server, you can use either the enable password command or enable secret
command. Both commands accomplish the same thing—they allow you to establish an encrypted
password that users must enter to access privileged EXEC (enable) mode.
We recommend that you use the enable secret command because it uses an improved encryption
algorithm. Use the enable password command only if you boot an older image of the Cisco IOS
software or if you boot older boot ROMs that do not recognize the enable secret command.

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 13
 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration
Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

For more information, see the “Configuring Security with Passwords, Privilege Levels, and Login
Usernames for CLI Sessions on Networking Devices” chapter in Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide:
Securing User Services, Release 15.0. Also, see Cisco IOS Password Encryption Facts and Cisco Guide to
Harden Cisco IOS Devices.

Restrictions
If you configure the enable secret command, it takes precedence over the enable password command; the
two commands cannot be in effect simultaneously.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. enable password password
4. enable secret password
5. end
6. enable
7. end

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 enable password password (Optional) Sets a local password to control access to various
privilege levels.
Example: • We recommend that you perform this step only if you
Router(config)# enable password pswd2 boot an older image of the Cisco IOS software or if you
boot older boot ROMs that do not recognize the enable
secret command.
Step 4 enable secret password Specifies an additional layer of security over the enable
password command.
Example: • Do not use the same password that you entered in
Router(config)# enable secret greentree Step 3.
Step 5 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config)# end

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 Cisco IOS CLI for Initial Configuration
Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

Command or Action Purpose

Step 6 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Verify that your new enable or enable secret password
Example: works.
Router> enable
Step 7 end (Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config)# end

Configuring the Console Idle Privileged EXEC Timeout

This section describes how to configure the console line’s idle privileged EXEC timeout. By default, the
privileged EXEC command interpreter waits for 10 minutes to detect user input before timing out.
When you configure the console line, you can also set communication parameters, specify autobaud
connections, and configure terminal operating parameters for the terminal that you are using. For more
information on configuring the console line, see Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals and Network
Management Configuration Guide. In particular, see the “Configuring Operating Characteristics for
Terminals” and “Troubleshooting and Fault Management” chapters.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. line console 0
4. exec-timeout minutes [seconds]
5. end
6. show running-config

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 line console 0 Configures the console line and starts the line configuration
command collection mode.
Example:
Router(config)# line console 0

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Command or Action Purpose

Step 4 exec-timeout minutes [seconds] Sets the idle privileged EXEC timeout, which is the interval
that the privileged EXEC command interpreter waits until
user input is detected.
Example:
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0 • The example shows how to specify no timeout. Setting
the exec-timeout value to 0 will cause the router to
never log out once logged in. This could have security
implications if you leave the console without manually
logging out using the disable command.
Step 5 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config)# end
Step 6 show running-config Displays the running configuration file.
• Verify that you properly configured the idle privileged
Example: EXEC timeout.
Router(config)# show running-config

Examples
The following example shows how to set the console idle privileged EXEC timeout to 2 minutes 30
seconds:
line console
exec-timeout 2 30

The following example shows how to set the console idle privileged EXEC timeout to 10 seconds:
line console
exec-timeout 0 10

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

This sections shows how to assign an IP address and interface description to an Ethernet interface on
your router.
For comprehensive configuration information on Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, see the “Configuring LAN
Interfaces” chapter of Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide, Release 15.0.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. show ip interface brief
3. configure terminal
4. interface gigabitethernet 0/port
5. media-type {rj45 | sfp}
6. description string
7. ip address ip-address mask

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8. no shutdown
9. end
10. show ip interface brief

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 show ip interface brief Displays a brief status of the interfaces that are configured
for IP.
Example: • Learn which type of Ethernet interface is on your
Router# show ip interface brief router.
Step 3 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 4 interface gigabitethernet 0/port Specifies the Gigabit Ethernet interface and enters interface
configuration mode.
Example:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0
Step 5 media-type {rj45 | sfp} Designates SFP port as the primary media.
or
Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type sfp Designates RJ45 as the primary media.
Router(config-if)#

Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type rj45
Router(config-if)#
Step 6 description string (Optional) Adds a description to an interface configuration.
• The description helps you remember what is attached to
Example: this interface. The description can be useful for
Router(config-if)# description GE int to 2nd troubleshooting.
floor south wing
Step 7 ip address ip-address mask Sets a primary IP address for an interface.

Example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.74.3
255.255.255.0
Step 8 no shutdown Enables an interface.

Example:
Router(config-if)# no shutdown

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Command or Action Purpose

Step 9 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config)# end
Step 10 show ip interface brief Displays a brief status of the interfaces that are configured
for IP.
Example: • Verify that the Ethernet interfaces are up and
Router# show ip interface brief configured correctly.

Examples
Sample Output for show interfaces gigabitethernet0/0 and show interfaces gigabitethernet0/1 Commands
Router# show interfaces gigabitethernet 0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0022.bdd4.ba00 (bia 0022.bdd4.ba0)
Internet address is 192.168.1.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is no media
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output 01:04:50, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
1 packets output, 60 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#

Router# show interfaces gigabitethernet0/1

GigabitEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is CN Gigabit Ethernet, address is 0022.bdd4.ba01 (bia 0022.bdd4.ba0)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:19, output 00:00:08, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo

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Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
80 packets input, 20838 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 78 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 66 multicast, 0 pause input
473 packets output, 48302 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#

Sample Output for the show ip interface brief Command

Router# show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Prol
GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.1.2 YES NVRAM administratively down dow
GigabitEthernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/2 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/3 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/4 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/5 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/6 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/7 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down dow
Serial0/0/0 unassigned YES NVRAM up up
Router#

Specifying a Default Route or Gateway of Last Resort

This section describes how to specify a default route with IP routing enabled. For alternative methods of
specifying a default route, see the Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands tech note.
The Cisco IOS software uses the gateway (router) of last resort if it does not have a better packet route and
if the destination is not a connected network. This section describes how to select a network as a default
route (a candidate route for computing the gateway of last resort). The way in which routing protocols
propagate the default route information varies for each protocol.
For comprehensive configuration information about IP routing and IP routing protocols, see the Cisco IOS
IP Addressing Services Configuration Guide, Release 15.0. In particular, see the “Configuring IPv4
Addresses” chapter.

IP Routing
You can configure integrated routing and bridging (IRB) so the router can route and bridge
simultaneously. The router will act as an IP host on the network whether routing is enabled or not. For
more information about IRB, see Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB).
IP routing is automatically enabled in the Cisco IOS software. When IP routing is configured, the system
uses a configured or learned route to forward packets, including a configured default route.

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Note This task section does not apply when IP routing is disabled. To specify a default route when IP routing
is disabled, refer to Configuring a Gateway of Last Resort Using IP Commands.

Default Routes
A router might not be able to determine the routes to all other networks. To provide complete routing
capability, the common practice is to use some routers as smart routers and give the remaining routers
default routes to the smart router. (Smart routers have routing table information for the entire
internetwork.) These default routes can be passed along dynamically, or can be configured into the
individual routers.
Most dynamic interior routing protocols include a mechanism for causing a smart router to generate
dynamic default information that is then passed along to other routers.

Default Network
If a router has an interface that is directly connected to the specified default network, the dynamic routing
protocols running on the router will generate or source a default route. In the case of Routing Information
Protocol (RIP), the router advertises the pseudonetwork 0.0.0.0. In the case of Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (IGRP), the network itself is advertised and flagged as an exterior route.
A router that is generating the default for a network also may need a default of its own. One way a router
can generate its own default is to specify a static route to the network 0.0.0.0 through the appropriate
device.

Gateway of Last Resort

When default information is being passed along through a dynamic routing protocol, no further
configuration is required. The system periodically scans its routing table to choose the optimal default
network as its default route. In the case of RIP, there is only one choice, network 0.0.0.0. In the case of
IGRP, there might be several networks that can be candidates for the system default. The Cisco IOS
software uses both administrative distance and metric information to determine the default route (gateway
of last resort). The selected default route appears in the gateway of last resort display of the show ip route
EXEC command.
If dynamic default information is not being passed to the software, candidates for the default route are
specified with the ip default-network global configuration command. In this usage, the ip
default-network command takes an unconnected network as an argument. If this network appears in the
routing table from any source (dynamic or static), it is flagged as a candidate default route and is a possible
choice as the default route.
If the router has no interface on the default network, but does have a route to it, it considers this network as
a candidate default path. The route candidates are examined and the best one is chosen, based on
administrative distance and metric. The gateway to the best default path becomes the gateway of last
resort.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. ip routing

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4. ip route dest-prefix mask next-hop-ip-address [admin-distance] [permanent]

5. ip default-network network-number
or
ip route dest-prefix mask next-hop-ip-address
6. end
7. show ip route

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 ip routing Enables IP routing.

Example:
Router(config)# ip routing
Step 4 ip route dest-prefix mask next-hop-ip-address Establishes a static route.
[admin-distance] [permanent]

Example:
Router(config)# ip route 192.168.24.0
255.255.255.0 172.28.99.2
Step 5 ip default-network network-number Selects a network as a candidate route for computing the
or gateway of last resort.
ip route dest-prefix mask next-hop-ip-address
Creates a static route to network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 for
computing the gateway of last resort.
Example:
Router(config)# ip default-network 192.168.24.0

Example:
Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
172.28.99.1
Step 6 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config)# end
Step 7 show ip route Displays the current routing table information.
• Verify that the gateway of last resort is set.
Example:
Router# show ip route

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Examples
Sample Output for show ip route Command
Router# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is 172.25.212.1 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.25.212.1

172.25.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.25.212.0/25 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 172.25.212.39/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
Router#

Configuring Virtual Terminal Lines for Remote Console Access

Virtual terminal lines (vty) are used to allow remote access to the router. This section shows you how to
configure the vty with a password, so that only authorized users can remotely access the router.
The router has five vty lines by default. However, you can create additional vty lines as described in Cisco
IOS Terminal Services Configuration Guide, Release 15.0. See Configuring Terminal Operating
Characteristics for Dial-In Sessions section.
Line passwords and password encryption is described in the “Configuring Security with Passwords,
Privilege Levels, and Login Usernames for CLI Sessions on Networking Devices” section of Cisco IOS
Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services, Release 15.0. If you want to secure the vty lines
with an access list, see the “IP Access List Overview” chapter of Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide:
Securing the Data Plane, Release 15.0. Also, see Cisco IOS Password Encryption Facts.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. line vty line-number [ending-line-number]
4. password password
5. login
6. end
7. show running-config
8. From another network device, attempt to open a Telnet session to the router.

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 line vty line-number [ending-line-number] Starts the line configuration command collection mode for
the vty for remote console access.
Example: • Make sure that you configure all vty lines on your
Router(config)# line vty 0 4 router.
Note To verify the number of vty lines on your router, use
the line vty ? command.
Step 4 password password Specifies a password on a line.

Example:
Router(config-line)# password guessagain
Step 5 login Enables password checking at login.

Example:
Router(config-line)# login
Step 6 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config-line)# end
Step 7 show running-config Displays the running configuration file.
• Verify that you properly configured the virtual terminal
Example: lines for remote access.
Router# show running-config
Step 8 From another network device, attempt to open a Telnet Verifies that you can remotely access the router and that the
session to the router. virtual terminal line password is correctly configured.

Example:
Router# 172.16.74.3
Password:

Examples
The following example shows how to configure virtual terminal lines with a password:
!
line vty 0 4

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password guessagain
login
!

What to Do Next
After you configure the vty lines, complete these steps:
• (Optional) To encrypt the virtual terminal line password, see the “Configuring Security with
Passwords, Privilege Levels, and Login Usernames for CLI Sessions on Networking Devices”
section of Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide: Securing User Services, Release 15.0. Also, see
Cisco IOS Password Encryption Facts.
• (Optional) To secure the vty lines with an access list, see Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide:
Securing the Data Plane, Release 15.0.
• (Optional) To configure an ACL on the line for the Ethernet Switch Module (ESM) to secure access
to the CGR 2010 and ESM, see Securing Access to the Ethernet Switch Module (ESM), page 24.

Securing Access to the Ethernet Switch Module (ESM)

You can configure an access list on the corresponding line number of the CGR 2010 slot containing the
ESM to secure access to the ESM and prevent external access to the CGR 2010 using reverse telnet.
On a CGR2010 with an ESM module, the line number is always either 3 or 131. Perform the following
steps to determine the line number and apply the ACL to that line.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. show line
3. configure terminal
4. line line-number
5. access-class access-list-number in
6. access-class access-list-number out
7. access-list access-list-number deny tcp any any eq 2003
8. access-list access-list-number permit ip any any
9. end
10. write memory

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 show line Displays information about the terminal lines to determine
the slot containing the ESM.
Example:
Router# show line
Step 3 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 4 line line-number Identifies a specific line for configuration and enters line
configuration collection mode.
Example:
Router(config)# line 3
Step 5 access-class access-list-number in Creates an access list to control incoming connections on
the line.
Example:
Router(config-line)# access-class 100 in
Step 6 access-class access-list-number out Creates an access list to control outgoing connections on the
line.
Example:
Router(config-line)# access-class 100 out
Step 7 access-list access-list-number deny tcp any any Denies all TCP connections on port number 2003 (ESM
eq 2003 port).

Example:
access-list 100 deny tcp any any eq 2003
Step 8 access-list access-list-number permit ip any any Allows all other IP connections.

Example:
access-list 100 permit ip any any
Step 9 end Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Example:
Router(config-line)# end
Step 10 write memory Sets to boot the system image from flash memory.

Example:
Router# write memory

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Example
In the following example, lines 3 and 131 correspond to ESMs in slots 0 and 2, respectively. This
example shows configuring the access list for line 3:
Router> enable
Router# show line
Tty Line Typ Tx/Rx A Modem Roty AccO AccI Uses Noise Overruns Int
* 0 0 CTY - - - - - 21 0 0/0 -
* 1 1 AUX 9600/9600 - - - - - 1 0 0/0 -
3 3 TTY 115200/115200- - - - - 2 0 0/0 -
* 131 131 TTY 115200/115200- - - - - 6 0 0/0 -
132 132 VTY - - - - - 5 0 0/0 -
133 133 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 -
134 134 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 -
135 135 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/0 -
136 136 VTY - - - - - 0 0 0/

==
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# line 3
Router(config-line)# access-class 100 in
Router(config-line)# access-class 100 out
!
Router(config-line)# access-list 100 deny tcp any any eq 2003
Router(config-line)# access-list 100 permit ip any any
!
Router(config-line)# end
Router# write memory

Configuring the Auxiliary Line

This section describes how to enter line configuration mode for the auxiliary (AUX) line. How you
configure the auxiliary line depends on your particular implementation of the auxiliary port. See the
following documents for detailed information on configuring the auxiliary line:
• Technical Note: Configuring a Modem on the AUX Port for EXEC Dialin Connectivity
• Sample Configuration: Configuring Dialout Using a Modem on the AUX Port
• Sample Configuration: Configuring AUX-to-AUX Port Async Backup with Dialer Watch
• Technical Note: Modem-Router Connection Guide

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. line aux 0
4. See the tech notes and sample configurations to configure the line for your particular
implementation of the AUX port.

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 line aux 0 Starts the line configuration command collection mode for
the auxiliary line.
Example:
Router(config)# line aux 0
Step 4 See the tech notes and sample configurations to —
configure the line for your particular implementation
of the AUX port.

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Verifying Network Connectivity

This section describes how to verify network connectivity for your router.

Prerequisites
• Complete all previous configuration tasks in this document.
• The router must be connected to a properly configured network host.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. ping [ip-address | hostname]
3. telnet {ip-address | hostname}

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 ping [ip-address | hostname] Diagnoses initial network connectivity.
• To verify connectivity, ping the next hop router or
Example: connected host for each configured interface to.
Router# ping 172.16.74.5
Step 3 telnet {ip-address | hostname} Logs in to a host that supports Telnet.
• If you want to test the vty line password, perform this
Example: step from a different network device, and use your
Router# telnet 172.16.72.3 router’s IP address.

Examples
The following display shows an example output for the ping command when you ping the IP address
172.25.212.39:
Router# ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 172.25.212.39
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.25.212.39, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Router#

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The following display shows an example output for the ping command when you ping the IP hostname
donald:
Router# ping donald

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.168.7.27, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms

Saving Your Router Configuration

This section describes how to avoid losing your configuration at the next system reload or power cycle by
saving the running configuration to the startup configuration in NVRAM. The NVRAM provides 256KB
of storage on the router.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. copy running-config startup-config

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 copy running-config startup-config Saves the running configuration to the startup
configuration.
Example:
Router# copy running-config startup-config

Saving Backup Copies of Configuration and System Image

To aid file recovery and minimize downtime in case of file corruption, we recommend that you save
backup copies of the startup configuration file and the Cisco IOS software system image file on a server.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}
3. show {flash0 | flash1}:
4. copy {flash0 | flash1}: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies the startup configuration file to a server.
• The configuration file copy can serve as a backup copy.
Example: • Enter the destination URL when prompted.
Router# copy nvram:startup-config ftp:
Step 3 show {flash0|flash1}: Displays the layout and contents of a flash memory file
system.
Example: • Learn the name of the system image file.
Router# show {flash0|flash1}:
Note The command flash: and flash0: refer to the same
device.
Step 4 copy {flash0|flash1}: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies a file from flash memory to a server.
• Copy the system image file to a server to serve as a
Example: backup copy.
Router# copy {flash0|flash1}: ftp:
• Enter the filename and destination URL when
prompted.

Examples
Copying the Startup Configuration to a TFTP Server: Example
The following example shows the startup configuration being copied to a TFTP server:
Router# copy nvram:startup-config tftp:

Remote host[]? 172.16.101.101

Name of configuration file to write [rtr2-confg]? <cr>

Write file rtr2-confg on host 172.16.101.101?[confirm] <cr>
![OK]

Copying from Flash Memory to a TFTP Server: Example

The following example shows the use of the show flash command in privileged EXEC to learn the name
of the system image file and the use of the copy {flash0}: tftp: privileged EXEC command to copy the
system image to a TFTP server. The router uses the default username and password.
Router# show flash
-#- --length-- -----date/time------ path
1 47295716 Feb 12 2010 22:00:58 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T
2 47304696 Mar 04 2010 06:00:48 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T
3 384478 Feb 18 2010 12:17:36 u-boot-cisco_3gorges_ram
4 2812042 Feb 18 2010 22:03:50 C2935R_RM2.srec.SSA
5 47304060 Feb 22 2010 20:45:16 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T
6 47300944 Mar 02 2010 17:51:16 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T
7 2812044 Mar 04 2010 06:12:54 CGR2010_RM2_0227.srec
8 11776175 Mar 30 2010 21:23:24 cgs2520-ipservices-mz.s12
9 146671 Mar 30 2010 23:16:42 crashinfo_20100330-231642-UTC

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Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

46469120 bytes available (207151104 bytes used)

Router#

Router# copy flash0: tftp:

IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 172.16.13.110

filename to write on tftp host? c3600-c2is-mz
writing cgr2010-c2is-mz !!!!...
successful ftp write.

Monitoring Environmental Parameters

The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 includes sensors that measure the status and internal
temperature of critical components. Internal component temperatures are measured for the central
processor, internal components, and interface cards. A 72-hour temperature history is stored for the
central processor at one-hour intervals.
Power consumption and power supplies are monitored. The measured temperature is compared to
predetermined threshold limits and, if the temperature does not fall within the limits, the information is
recorded and a warning sent to the system administrator by means of Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) traps until the temperature falls back to its normal range.
A command-line interface (CLI) command allows the display of the current system environment and
temperature status.
Use the following CLI to monitor the system environment:
Router# show environment {all | last | table}

where:
• all—Displays all environmental monitor parameters
• last—Displays the last environmental monitor parameters
• table—Displays the table of temperature and voltage ranges
The following example shows a sample output of the show environment all command. In the following
example, the power supplies are external:
Router# show environment all
SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY STATUS
==========================
Internal Power Supply 1 Type: AC-POE
Internal Power Supply 1 POE Output Status: Normal

Internal Power Supply 2 Type: Absent

SYSTEM TEMPERATURE STATUS

=========================
CPU temperature: 63 Celsius, Normal
Riser Card temperature: 39 Celsius, Normal
DRAM temperature: 32 Celsius, Normal
SFP temperature: 31 Celsius, Normal
GRWIC slot 0 temperature: 32 Celsius, Normal

REAL TIME CLOCK BATTERY STATUS

==============================
Battery OK (checked at power up)

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Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

SYSTEM WATTAGE
===============
Motherboard Components Power consumption = 19.024 W
Total System Power consumption is: 19.024 W

Environmental information last updated 00:00:21

Router#

The following example shows a sample output of the show environment last command. In the following
example, the power supplies are external:
Router# show environment last
SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY STATUS
==========================
Internal Power Supply 1 Type: AC-POE
Internal Power Supply 1 POE Output Status: Normal

Internal Power Supply 2 Type: Absent

SYSTEM TEMPERATURE STATUS

=========================
CPU temperature: 63 Celsius, Normal
Riser Card temperature: 38 Celsius, Normal
DRAM temperature: 32 Celsius, Normal
SFP temperature: 31 Celsius, Normal
GRWIC slot 0 temperature: 33 Celsius, Normal

REAL TIME CLOCK BATTERY STATUS

==============================
Battery OK (checked at power up)
Router#

The following example shows a sample output of the show environment table command. In the
following example, the power supplies are external:
Router# show environment table
SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY STATUS
==========================
Internal Power Supply 1 Type: AC-POE
Internal Power Supply 1 POE Output Status: Normal

Internal Power Supply 2 Type: Absent

SYSTEM TEMPERATURE STATUS

=========================
CPU temperature: 63 Celsius, Normal
Riser Card temperature: 39 Celsius, Normal
DRAM temperature: 32 Celsius, Normal
SFP temperature: 31 Celsius, Normal
GRWIC slot 0 temperature: 33 Celsius, Normal

REAL TIME CLOCK BATTERY STATUS

==============================
Battery OK (checked at power up)

SYSTEM ALARMS SETTINGS

======================
CPU Over Temperature Alarm = 100C
Riser Card Over Temperature Alarm = 100C
DRAM Over Temperature Alarm = 85C
SFP Over Temperature Alarm = 85C

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GRWIC slot 0 Over Temperature Alarm = 90C

GRWIC slot 1 Over Temperature Alarm = 90C
GRWIC slot 2 Over Temperature Alarm = 90C
GRWIC slot 3 Over Temperature Alarm = 90C
Power Supply Unit 1 Over Temperature Alarm = 100C
Power Supply Unit 2 Over Temperature Alarm = 100C

SYSTEM VOLTAGES
===============
12V voltage = 11.944 V, Normal
5V voltage = 5.028 V, Normal
3.3V voltage = 3.288 V, Normal
2.5V voltage = 2.512 V, Normal
1.8V voltage = 1.801 V, Normal
1.2V voltage = 1.202 V, Normal
ASIC voltage = 1.052 V, Normal
CPU Core voltage = 1.065 V, Normal

SYSTEM WATTAGE
===============
Motherboard Components Power consumption = 19.245 W
Total System Power consumption is: 19.245 W

Environmental information last updated 00:00:02

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS EVENTS

===========================
Critical Temperature: Maxium = 0
Total Duration = 0

------ CPU TEMPERATURE SENSOR REGISTERS ------

REG: 0x0 : 0x28
REG: 0x1 : 0x3F
REG: 0x2 : 0x0
REG: 0x3 : 0x0
REG: 0x4 : 0x4
REG: 0x5 : 0x73
REG: 0x6 : 0xE7
REG: 0x7 : 0x78
REG: 0x8 : 0xE7

------- POWER SEQUENCER REGS -------

REG: 0x0 : 0x305
REG: 0x1 : 0x51
REG: 0x2 : 0x1
REG: 0x3 : 0x1
REG: 0x4 : 0x0
REG: 0x5 : 0x0
REG: 0x6 : 0x64BD
REG: 0x7 : 0xE713
REG: 0x8 : 0x2F3
REG: 0x9 : 0x2F8
REG: 0xA : 0x237
REG: 0xB : 0x2DA
REG: 0xC : 0x2DD
REG: 0xD : 0x2D8
REG: 0xE : 0x302
REG: 0xF : 0x304
REG: 0x10 : 0x300
REG: 0x11 : 0x319
REG: 0x12 : 0x31E
REG: 0x13 : 0x317
REG: 0x14 : 0x2AA
REG: 0x15 : 0x2AE

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Using the Cisco IOS CLI to Perform Initial Configuration

REG: 0x16 : 0x2A6

REG: 0x17 : 0x57
REG: 0x18 : 0x6C
REG: 0x19 : 0x40
REG: 0x1A : 0x1C8
REG: 0x1B : 0x1CD
REG: 0x1C : 0x1C4
REG: 0x1D : 0x18E
REG: 0x1E : 0x196
REG: 0x1F : 0x18C
REG: 0x20 : 0x18F
REG: 0x21 : 0x199
REG: 0x22 : 0x187
REG: 0x23 : 0x0
REG: 0x24 : 0x0
REG: 0x25 : 0x0
REG: 0x26 : 0x0
REG: 0x27 : 0x0
REG: 0x28 : 0x0
REG: 0x29 : 0x0
REG: 0x2A : 0x0
REG: 0x2B : 0x0
REG: 0x2C : 0x0
REG: 0x2D : 0x0
REG: 0x2E : 0x78
REG: 0x2F : 0x0
REG: 0x30 : 0x0
REG: 0x31 : 0x4600
REG: 0x32 : 0x902
REG: 0x33 : 0x905
REG: 0x34 : 0x905
REG: 0x35 : 0x900
REG: 0x36 : 0xC04
REG: 0x37 : 0x903
REG: 0x38 : 0x38
REG: 0x39 : 0xE03
REG: 0x3A : 0x8F
REG: 0x3B : 0x32
REG: 0x3C : 0x38
REG: 0x3D : 0xFFFF
REG: 0x3E : 0x0
REG: 0x3F : 0x0
REG: 0x40 : 0x0
REG: 0x41 : 0x0
REG: 0x42 : 0x0
REG: 0x43 : 0x0
Router#

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Basic Router Configuration

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

This document provides basic configuration procedures for the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010. It also
includes configuration examples and verification steps, when possible.

Basic Configuration
• Default Configuration, page 34
• Configuring Basic Parameters, page 35

Interface Configuration
• Interface Ports, page 36
• Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces, page 36
• Configuring a Loopback Interface, page 37

Routing Configuration
• Configuring Command-Line Access, page 39
• Configuring Static Routes, page 40
• Configuring Dynamic Routes, page 42
• Typical Example of a Cisco CGR 2010 Configuration, page 44

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Basic Router Configuration
Default Configuration

Default Configuration
When you boot up your Cisco router for the first time, you will notice a default configuration has already
been performed. Use the show running-config command to view the initial configuration, as shown in the
following example:
Router# show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 961 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 20:41:11 UTC Thu Mar 1 1900
!
version 15.1
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
service internal
!
hostname Router
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
!
no ipv6 cef
ip source-route
ip cef
!
!
!
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
!
!
license udi pid CISCOCGR2010/K9 sn FHH1338P007
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 172.25.212.39 255.255.255.128
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
ip default-gateway 172.25.212.1
ip forward-protocol nd
!
no ip http server
!

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Configuring Basic Parameters

!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.19.164.1
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.25.212.1
!
!
!
!
control-plane
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 2 30
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
transport input all
!
exception data-corruption buffer truncate
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
end
Router#

Configuring Basic Parameters

To configure the basic parameters on the router, perform one or more of the following tasks:
• Configuring Global Parameters, page 35
• Interface Ports, page 36
• Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces, page 36
• Configuring Grid Router WAN Interface Cards, page 37
• Configuring a Loopback Interface, page 37

Configuring Global Parameters

To configure the following global parameters for your router, perform these steps:

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode, when using the
console port.
Example:
Use the following to connect to the router with a
Router> enable
remote terminal:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# telnet router name or address
Login: login id
Password: *********
Router> enable

Step 2 hostname name Specifies the name for the router.

Example:
Router(config)# hostname Router
Router(config)#

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 Basic Router Configuration
Interface Ports

Command Purpose
Step 3 enable secret password Specifies an encrypted password to prevent
unauthorized access to the router.
Example:
Router(config)# enable secret cr1ny5ho
Router(config)#
Step 4 no ip domain-lookup Disables the router from translating unfamiliar
words (typos) into IP addresses.
Example:
Router(config)# no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#

Interface Ports
Table 1 lists the interfaces that are supported on the Cisco CGR 2010.

Table 1 Interfaces by Cisco CGR 2010 Router

Slots, Ports, Logical Interface, Interfaces Cisco CGR 2010

Onboard GE ports Gi0/0,Gi0/1
Interfaces on GRWIC interface0/0/port
interface0/1/port
Interfaces on GRWIC interface0/1/port

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces

To manually define onboard Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, complete the following steps, in global
configuration mode.

Command Purpose
Step 1 interface gigabitethernet slot/port Enters the configuration mode for a Gigabit
Ethernet interface on the router.
Example:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#
Step 2 ip address ip-address mask Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the
specified Gigabit Ethernet interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.12.2
255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#

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 Basic Router Configuration
Configuring Grid Router WAN Interface Cards

Command Purpose
Step 3 media-type {rj45 | sfp} Designates SFP port as the primary media.
or
Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type sfp Designates RJ45 as the primary media.
Router(config-if)#

Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type rj45
Router(config-if)#
Step 4 no shutdown Enables the Gigabit Ethernet interface,
changing its state from administratively down
Example: to administratively up.
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
Router(config-if)#
Step 5 exit Exits configuration mode for the Gigabit
Ethernet interface and returns to global
Example: configuration mode.
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#

Configuring Grid Router WAN Interface Cards

The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 supports RS-232 low-speed serial Grid Router WAN Interface
Cards (GRWICs) and T1/E1 channelized and clear channel GRWICs.

Configuring the 8-Port RS-232 Serial GRWICs

To configure the 8-port RS-232-8 asychronous/synchronous serial GRWICs inserted in the GRWIC
slots, see the Configuring Serial Interfaces section of Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component
Configuration Guide, Release 15.0.

Configuring T1/EI GRWICs

To configure the one- and two-port channelized T1/E1 GRWICs inserted in the GRWIC slots, see
Configuring 1- and 2-Port T1/E1 GRWICs Guide.

Configuring a Loopback Interface

The loopback interface acts as a placeholder for the static IP address and provides default routing
information.

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 Basic Router Configuration
Configuring a Loopback Interface

To configure a loopback interface perform these steps, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 interface type number Enters configuration mode for the loopback
interface.
Example:
Router(config)# interface Loopback 0
Router(config-if)#
Step 2 ip address ip-address mask Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the
loopback interface.
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.108.1.1
255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#
Step 3 exit Exits configuration mode for the loopback
interface and returns to global configuration
Example: mode.
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#

Example
The loopback interface in this sample configuration is used to support Network Address Translation
(NAT) on the virtual-template interface. This configuration example shows the loopback interface
configured with an IP address of 200.200.100.1/32, which acts as a static IP address.The loopback
interface points back to virtual-template1, which has a negotiated IP address.
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 200.200.100.1 255.255.255.255
!

Verifying Configuration
To verify that you have properly configured the loopback interface, enter the show interface loopback
command. You should see verification output similar to the following example:
Router# show interfaces loopback 0
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Loopback
Internet address is 200.200.100.1/32
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 8000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 5000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation LOOPBACK, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

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Configuring Command-Line Access

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Router#

Another way to verify the loopback interface is to ping it:

Router#ping 200.200.100.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.200.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
Router#

Configuring Command-Line Access

To configure parameters to control access to the router, perform these steps, beginning in global
configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 line [aux | console | tty | vty] Enters line configuration mode, and specifies the
line-number type of line.

Example: This example specifies a console terminal for

access.
Router(config)# line console 0
Router(config-line)#
Step 2 password password Specifies a unique password for the console
terminal line.
Example:
Router(config)# password 5dr4Hepw3
Router(config-line)#
Step 3 login Enables password checking at terminal session
login.
Example:
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)#
Step 4 exec-timeout minutes [seconds] Sets the interval wherein the EXEC command
interpreter waits until user input is detected. The
Example: default is 10 minutes. Following entry of the
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 5 30 minutes variable, you can optionally add seconds
Router(config-line)# to the interval value.
This example shows a timeout of 5 minutes and
30 seconds. Entering a timeout of 0 0 specifies
never to time out.
Step 5 line [aux | console | tty | vty] Specifies a virtual terminal for remote console
line-number access.

Example:
Router(config-line)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#

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 Basic Router Configuration
Configuring Static Routes

Command Purpose
Step 6 password password Specifies a unique password for the virtual
terminal line.
Example:
Router(config-line)# password aldf2ad1
Router(config-line)#
Step 7 login Enables password checking at the virtual terminal
session login.
Example:
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)#
Step 8 end Exits line configuration mode, and returns to
privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-line)# end
Router#

Example
The following configuration shows the command-line access commands.
You do not need to input the commands marked “(default).” These commands appear automatically in the
configuration file generated when you use the show running-config command.
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 10 0
password 4youreyesonly
login
transport input none (default)
stopbits 1 (default)
line vty 0 4
password secret
login
!

Configuring Static Routes

Static routes provide fixed routing paths through the network. They are manually configured on the router.
If the network topology changes, the static route must be updated with a new route. Static routes are
private routes unless they are redistributed by a routing protocol.
To configure static routes, perform these steps, beginning in global configuration mode:

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Configuring Static Routes

Command Purpose
Step 1 ip route prefix mask {ip-address | Specifies the static route for the IP packets.
interface-type interface-number
[ip-address]} For details about this command and about
additional parameters that can be set, see Cisco
Example: IOS IP Command Reference, Volume 2 of 4:
Router(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 Routing Protocols, Release 12.3
255.255.0.0 10.10.10.2
Step 2 end Exits router configuration mode, and enters
privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config)# end
Router#

Example
In the following configuration example, the static route sends out all IP packets with a destination IP
address of 192.168.1.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 on the Gigabit Ethernet interface to another
device with an IP address of 10.10.10.2. Specifically, the packets are sent to the configured permanent
virtual circuit.
You do not need to enter the command marked “(default).” This command appears automatically in the
configuration file generated when you use the show running-config command.
!
ip classless (default)
ip route 172.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2!

Verifying Configuration
To verify that you have properly configured static routing, enter the show ip route command and look for
static routes signified by the “S.”
You should see verification output similar to the following:
Router# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is 172.25.212.1 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.25.212.1

172.25.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.25.212.0/25 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 172.25.212.39/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
200.200.100.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 200.200.100.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
Router#

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 Basic Router Configuration
Configuring Dynamic Routes

Configuring Dynamic Routes

In dynamic routing, the network protocol adjusts the path automatically, based on network traffic or
topology. Changes in dynamic routes are shared with other routers in the network.
The Cisco routers can use IP routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) or Enhanced
IGRP (EIGRP), to learn routes dynamically. You can configure either of these routing protocols on your
router.
• Configuring Routing Information Protocol
• Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Configuring Routing Information Protocol

To configure the RIP routing protocol on the router perform these steps, beginning in global
configuration mode:

Command Task
Step 1 router rip Enters router configuration mode, and enables RIP
on the router.
Example:
Router> configure terminal
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)#
Step 2 version {1 | 2} Specifies use of RIP version 1 or 2.

Example:
Router(config-router)# version 2
Router(config-router)#
Step 3 network ip-address Specifies a list of networks on which RIP is to be
applied, using the address of the network of each
Example: directly connected network.
Router(config-router)# network 192.168.1.1
Router(config-router)# network 10.10.7.1
Router(config-router)#
Step 4 no auto-summary Disables automatic summarization of subnet routes
into network-level routes. This allows subprefix
Example: routing information to pass across classful network
Router(config-router)# no auto-summary boundaries.
Router(config-router)#
Step 5 end Exits router configuration mode, and enters
privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-router)# end
Router#

Example
The following configuration example shows RIP version 2 enabled in IP network 10.0.0.0 and
192.168.1.0.

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 Basic Router Configuration
Configuring Dynamic Routes

To see this configuration, use the show running-config command from privileged EXEC mode.
!
Router# show running-config
router rip
version 2
network 10.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0
no auto-summary
!

Verifying Configuration
To verify that you have properly configured RIP, enter the show ip route command and look for RIP
routes signified by “R.” You should see a verification output like the example shown below.
Router# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.108.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

To configure EIGRP perform these steps, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 router eigrp as-number Enters router configuration mode, and enables
EIGRP on the router. The autonomous-system
Example: number identifies the route to other EIGRP routers
Router(config)# router eigrp 109 and is used to tag the EIGRP information.
Router(config)#
Step 2 network ip-address Specifies a list of networks on which EIGRP is to
be applied, using the IP address of the network of
Example: directly connected networks.
Router(config)# network 192.145.1.0
Router(config)# network 10.10.12.115
Router(config)#
Step 3 end Exits router configuration mode, and enters
privileged EXEC mode.
Example:
Router(config-router)# end
Router#

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 Basic Router Configuration
Typical Example of a Cisco CGR 2010 Configuration

Example
The following configuration example shows the EIGRP routing protocol enabled in IP networks
192.145.1.0 and 10.10.12.115. The EIGRP autonomous system number is 109.
To see this configuration use the show running-config command, beginning in privileged EXEC mode.
!
router eigrp 109
network 192.145.1.0
network 10.10.12.115
!

Verifying Configuration
To verify that you have properly configured IP EIGRP, enter the show ip route command, and look for
EIGRP routes indicated by “D.” You should see verification output similar to the following:
Router# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.108.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/409600] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0/0

Typical Example of a Cisco CGR 2010 Configuration

Use the show running-config command to view the configuration or the Cisco CGR 2010 after the
Gigabit Ethernet and serial GRWIC ports have been configured. The following is an example of a typical
Cisco CGR 2010 router that is only minimally configured:
Router# show running-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 1795 bytes

!
! Last configuration change at 03:11:17 UTC Sat Jul 7 1900
!
version 15.1
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
!

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

44 OL-20356-01
 Basic Router Configuration
Typical Example of a Cisco CGR 2010 Configuration

no ipv6 cef
ip source-route
ip cef
!
!
!
!
multilink bundle-name authenticated
!
!
crypto pki token default removal timeout 0
!
!
license feature snasw
license udi pid CGR-2010/K9 sn FHH1338P00S
license boot module cgr2010 technology-package datak9
!
!
!
redundancy
!
!
!
!
bstun peer-name 192.168.1.2
bstun protocol-group 1 async-generic
!
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/2
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/3
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/4
no ip address
shutdown
clock rate 128000
!
interface Serial0/0/5
no ip address
shutdown
clock rate 128000
!
interface Serial0/0/6
no ip address

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 45
 Basic Router Configuration
Typical Example of a Cisco CGR 2010 Configuration

shutdown
clock rate 128000
!
interface Serial0/0/7
no ip address
shutdown
clock rate 128000
!
interface Serial0/0/0
physical-layer async
no ip address
encapsulation bstun
bstun group 1
bstun route all tcp 192.168.1.1
asp role secondary
asp addr-offset 0
!
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0
!
!
!
!
!
!
snmp-server community public RW
!
control-plane
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line 0/0/0
no activation-character
stopbits 1
line vty 0 4
login
transport input all
!
exception data-corruption buffer truncate
scheduler allocate 20000 1000
end

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

46 OL-20356-01
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote
Management

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 supports remote management and backup data connectivity. The
following sections describe how to configure backup data lines and remote management:
• Configuring Backup Interfaces, page 47
• Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port,
page 49

Configuring Backup Interfaces

This section describes how to configure back up interfaces for failover redundancy when the network
goes down.

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Failover Media

Cisco CGR 2010 routers have an SFP-GE port that supports either copper or fiber connections. Media can
be configured for failover redundancy when the network goes down. To assign primary and secondary
failover media on the SFP-GE port, perform these steps, beginning in EXEC mode.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Backup Interfaces

Command Purpose
Step 1 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode, when using
the console port.
Example:
Use the following to connect to the router with
Router> enable
a remote terminal:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# telnet router name or address
Login: login id
Password: *********
Router> enable

Step 2 hostname name Specifies the name for the router.

Example:
Router(config)# hostname Router
Router(config)#
Step 3 enable secret password Specifies an encrypted password to prevent
unauthorized access to the router.
Example:
Router(config)# enable secret cr1ny5ho
Router(config)#
Step 4 interface gigabitethernet slot/port Enters interface configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#
Step 5 media-type sfp Designates SFP port as the primary media.
or
Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type sfp Designates RJ45 as the primary media.
Router(config-if)#

Example:
Router(config-if)# media-type rj45
Router(config-if)#
Step 6 media-type sfp auto-fail-over System will automatically failover from RJ45
to SFP when it goes down, reloads, and is
Example: unable to bring up primary media. Port is
Router(config-if)# media-type RJ45 configured with RJ45 as the primary media by
auto-fail-over default.
Router(config-if)#
or
Example: Configure the port with SFP as the primary
Router(config-if)# media-type sfp media for automatic failover from SFP to RJ45
auto-fail-over when the system goes down, reloads, and is
Router(config-if)# unable to bring up primary media.
Step 7 end Exits to global configuration mode.

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48 OL-20356-01
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the

Console Port or Auxiliary Port
In dial backup, the switched circuit is used to provide backup service for another type of circuit, such as
point-to-point or packet switching. The router is configured so that when a failure is detected on the
primary circuit, the dial backup line is initiated. The dial backup line then supports the WAN connection
until the primary circuit is restored. When this occurs, the dial backup connection is terminated.
A modem enables data to be transmitted over voice-grade telephone lines. At the source, digital signals are
converted to a form suitable for transmission over analog communication facilities. At the destination,
these analog signals are returned to their digital form. It is a simple modem-to-modem connection through
a WAN.
When customer premises equipment, such as the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010, are connected to an
ISP, an IP address is dynamically assigned to the router, or the IP address is assigned by the router peer
through the centrally managed function. The dial backup feature can be added to provide a failover route in
case the primary line fails. The Cisco CGR 2010 can use the auxiliary port for dial backup and remote
management.
The main WAN link of the Cisco CGR 2010 is the primary connection to the Internet service provider.
A modem can serve as the dial backup that serves as a failover link for the Cisco CGR 2010 when the
primary connection goes down. For remote management, the PC serves as dial-in access to allow
changes or updates to Cisco IOS configurations.
To configure dial backup and remote management for the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010, complete
the following steps, beginning in global configuration mode:

SUMMARY STEPS
1. ip name-server server-address
2. ip dhcp pool name
3. exit
4. chat-script script-name expect-send
5. interface type number
6. exit
7. interface type number
8. dialer watch-group group-number
9. exit
10. ip nat inside source {list access-list-number} {interface type number | pool name} [overload]
11. ip route prefix mask {ip-address | interface-type interface-number [ip-address]}
12. access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} source [source-wildcard]
13. dialerwatch-list group-number {ip ip-address address-mask | delay route-check initial seconds}
14. line [aux | console | tty | vty] line-number [ending-line-number]
15. modem enable
16. exit
17. line [aux | console | tty | vty] line-number [ending-line-number]
18. flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | hardware [in | out]}

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 49
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

DETAILED STEPS

Command Purpose
Step 1 ip name-server server-address Enters your ISP DNS IP address.
Tip You may add multiple server addresses if
Example: available.
Router(config)# ip name-server
192.168.28.12
Step 2 ip dhcp pool name Creates a DHCP address pool on the router and
enters DHCP pool configuration mode. The name
argument can be a string or an integer.
Example:
Router(config)# ip dhcp pool 1 Configure the DHCP address pool. For sample
commands that you can use in DHCP pool
configuration mode, see the “Example” section on
page 52.
Step 3 exit Exits DHCP pool configuration mode and enters
global configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config-dhcp)# exit
Step 4 chat-script script-name expect-send Configures a chat script for use in
Dial-on-Demand Routing to give commands for
dialing a modem and for logging in to remote
Example: systems. The defined script is used to place a call
Router(config)# chat-script Dialout ABORT
ERROR ABORT BUSY ““ “AT” OK “ATDT 5555102
over a modem connected to the public switched
T” TIMEOUT 45 CONNECT \c telephone network.
Step 5 interface type number Creates asynchronous interface and enters
configuration mode for the asynchronous
interface.
Example:
Router(config)# interface Async 1 Configures the asynchronous interface. For
sample commands that you can use in
asynchronous interface configuration mode, see
the “Example” section on page 52.
Step 6 exit Exits interface configuration mode and enters
global configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config-if)# exit
Step 7 interface type number Creates dialer interface and enters configuration
mode for the dialer interface.

Example:
Router(config)# interface Dialer 3
Step 8 dialer watch-group group-number Specifies the group number for the dialer watch
list.

Example:
Router(config-if)# dialer watch-group 1

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

50 OL-20356-01
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

Command Purpose
Step 9 exit Exits interface configuration mode and enters
global configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config-if)# exit
Step 10 ip nat inside source {list access-list-number} Enables dynamic translation of addresses on the
{interface type number | pool name} [overload] inside interface.

Example:
Router(config)# ip nat inside source list
101 interface Dialer 3 overload
Step 11 ip route prefix mask {ip-address | interface-type Sets the IP route to point to the dialer interface as a
interface-number [ip-address]} default gateway.

Example:
Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
22.0.0.2#
Step 12 access-list access-list-number {deny | permit} Defines an extended access list that indicates
source [source-wildcard] which addresses need translation.

Example:
Router(config)# access-list 1 permit
192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any
Step 13 dialerwatch-list group-number {ip ip-address Evaluates the status of the primary link, based on
address-mask | delay route-check initial the existence of routes to the peer. The address
seconds} 22.0.0.2 is the peer IP address of the ISP.

Example:
Router(config)# dialer watch-list 1 ip
22.0.0.2 255.255.255.255
Step 14 line [aux | console | tty | vty] line-number Enters configuration mode for the line interface.
[ending-line-number]

Example:
Router(config)# line console 0#
Step 15 modem enable Switches the port from console port to auxiliary
port function.

Example:
Router(config-line)# modem enable
Step 16 exit Exits line configuration mode and returns to
global configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config-line)# exit

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 51
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

Command Purpose
Step 17 line [aux | console | tty | vty] line-number Enters configuration mode for the auxiliary
[ending-line-number] interface.

Example:
Router(config)# line aux 0
Step 18 flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | Enables hardware signal flow control.
hardware [in | out]}

Example:
Router(config-line)# flowcontrol hardware

Example
The following configuration example specifies an IP address for the T1 interface through PPP and IP
Control Protocol (IPCP) address negotiation and specifies dial backup over the console port.
!
ip name-server 192.168.28.12
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1
!
ip dhcp pool 1
import all
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.1.1
!
! Need to use your own correct ISP phone number.
modemcap entry MY-USER_MODEM:MSC=&F1S0=1
chat-script Dialout ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY ““ “AT” OK “ATDT 5555102\T”
TIMEOUT 45 CONNECT \c
!
!
!
!
interface vlan 1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside
ip tcp adjust-mss 1452
hold-queue 100 out
!
! Dial backup and remote management physical interface.
interface Async1
no ip address
encapsulation ppp
dialer in-band
dialer pool-member 3
async default routing
async dynamic routing
async mode dedicated
ppp authentication pap callin
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
shutdown
clock rate 128000
!
!
dsl operating-mode auto
!

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

52 OL-20356-01
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

! Primary WAN link.

interface Dialer1
ip address negotiated
ip nat outside
encapsulation ppp
dialer pool 1
ppp authentication pap callin
ppp pap sent-username account password 7 pass
ppp ipcp dns request
ppp ipcp wins request
ppp ipcp mask request
!
! Dialer backup logical interface.
interface Dialer3
ip address negotiated
ip nat outside
encapsulation ppp
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
dialer pool 3
dialer idle-timeout 60
dialer string 5555102 modem-script Dialout
dialer watch-group 1
!
! Remote management PC IP address.
peer default ip address 192.168.2.2
no cdp enable
!
! Need to use your own ISP account and password.
ppp pap sent-username account password 7 pass
ppp ipcp dns request
ppp ipcp wins request
ppp ipcp mask request
!
! IP NAT over Dialer interface using route-map.
ip nat inside source route-map main interface Dialer1 overload
ip nat inside source route-map secondary interface Dialer3 overload
ip classless
!
! When primary link is up again, distance 50 will override 80 if dial backup
! has not timed out. Use multiple routes because peer IP addresses are alternated
! among them when the CPE is connected.
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 64.161.31.254 50
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 66.125.91.254 50
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 64.174.91.254 50
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.136 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.137 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.138 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.139 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.140 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 63.203.35.141 80
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 150
no ip http server
ip pim bidir-enable
!
! PC IP address behind CPE.
access-list 101 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any
access-list 103 permit ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any
!
! Watch multiple IP addresses because peers are alternated
! among them when the CPE is connected.
dialer watch-list 1 ip 64.161.31.254 255.255.255.255
dialer watch-list 1 ip 64.174.91.254 255.255.255.255
dialer watch-list 1 ip 64.125.91.254 255.255.255.255

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 53
 Configuring Backup Data Lines and Remote Management
Configuring Dial Backup and Remote Management Through the Console Port or Auxiliary Port

!
! Dial backup will kick in if primary link is not available
! 5 minutes after CPE starts up.
dialer watch-list 1 delay route-check initial 300
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
!
! Direct traffic to an interface only if the dialer is assigned an IP address.
route-map main permit 10
match ip address 101
match interface Dialer1
!
route-map secondary permit 10
match ip address 103
match interface Dialer3
!
! Change console to aux function.
line con 0
exec-timedout 0 0
modem enable
stopbits 1
line aux 0
exec-timeout 0 0
! To enable and communicate with the external modem properly.
script dialer Dialout
modem InOut
modem autoconfigure discovery
transport input all
stopbits 1
speed 115200
flowcontrol hardware
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 0 0
password cisco
login
!
scheduler max-task-time 5000
end

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

54 OL-20356-01
 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

This document describes how to upgrade the Cisco Internetworking Operating System (IOS) software
image on the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010.

Contents
• Restrictions for Upgrading the System Image, page 55
• Information About Upgrading the System Image, page 56
• How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image, page 57

Restrictions for Upgrading the System Image

Cisco CGR 2010 routers download images to new Advanced Capability CompactFlash (CF) memory
cards. There are two slots available for this CF:
• PCMCIA
• USB

Note Legacy CF will not operate in Cisco CGR 2010 routers. When legacy CF is inserted, the following error
message appears:
WARNING: Unsupported compact flash detected. Use of this card during normal operation can impact
and severely degrade performance of the system. Please use supported compact flash cards only.

• Cisco IOS images for the access point download images to CF embedded on the access point.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software
Information About Upgrading the System Image

Table 1 Compact Flash Slot Numbering and Naming

Slot Number PCMCIA CF Filenames USB CF Filenames
1 flash02 usbflash0
Slot0
Slot1 flash1 usbflash1

1. Slot 0 is the default CF slot. It stores the system image, configurations, and data files. CF must be present in this slot for the
router to boot and perform normal file operations.
2. Filenames flash and flash0 refer to the same device.

Information About Upgrading the System Image

To upgrade the system image on your router, review the following sections:
• Why Would I Upgrade the System Image?, page 56
• Which Cisco IOS Release Is Running on My Router Now?, page 56
• How Do I Choose the New Cisco IOS Release and Feature Set?, page 56
• Where Do I Download the System Image?, page 57

Why Would I Upgrade the System Image?

System images contain the Cisco IOS software. Your router already has an image on it when it is shipped
to you.
At some point, you may want to load a different image onto the router. For example, you may want to
upgrade the IOS software to the latest release, or to use the same Cisco IOS release for all the routers in a
network. Each system image contains different sets of Cisco IOS features, therefore you must select an
appropriate system image to suit your network requirements.

Which Cisco IOS Release Is Running on My Router Now?

To determine the Cisco IOS release that is currently running on your router, and the filename of the
system image, enter the show version command in user EXEC or privileged EXEC mode.

How Do I Choose the New Cisco IOS Release and Feature Set?
Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 routers support Cisco IOS software entitlement and enforcement. See
the Software Activation on Cisco Integrated Services Routers for feature and package license
information.
To determine which Cisco IOS releases and feature sets support your router platform and its required
features, go to Cisco Feature Navigator. You must have an account on Cisco.com to access the Cisco
Feature Navigator. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click
Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear.

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56 OL-20356-01
 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software
How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image

Where Do I Download the System Image?

To download a system image, you must have an account on Cisco.com to gain access to the following
websites. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the
login dialog box, and follow the instructions that appear.
If you know which Cisco IOS release and feature set you want to download, go to the Download
Software website.
If you want more information about downloading software, see Loading and Managing System Images.

How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image

This section provides information about upgrading the Cisco IOS image on the router and Cisco IOS
image on the access point.

Router Upgrade
• Saving Backup Copies of Your Old System Image and Configuration, page 57
• DRAM Size and the New System Image, page 59
• Ensuring Adequate Flash Memory for the New System Image, page 59
• Copying the System Image into Flash Memory, page 62
• Loading the New System Image, page 67
• Saving Backup Copies of Your New System Image and Configuration, page 71

Saving Backup Copies of Your Old System Image and Configuration

To avoid unexpected downtime if you encounter serious problems using your new system image or startup
configuration, we recommend that you save backup copies of your current startup configuration file and
Cisco IOS software system image file on a server.
For more detailed information, see the “Managing Configuration Files” chapter and the “Loading and
Maintaining System Images” chapter of Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide,
Release 15.0.
To save backup copies of the startup configuration file and the system image file, complete the following
steps:

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}
3. dir flash:
4. copy flash: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}

Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 Software Configuration Guide

OL-20356-01 57
 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software
How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies the startup configuration file to a server.
• The configuration file copy can serve as a backup copy.
Example: • Enter the destination URL when prompted.
Router# copy nvram:startup-config ftp:
Step 3 dir flash: Displays the layout and contents of a flash memory file
system.
Example: • Learn the name of the system image file.
Router# dir flash:
Step 4 copy flash: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies a file from flash memory to a server.
• Copy the system image file to a server. This file can
Example: serve as a backup copy.
Router# copy flash: ftp:
• Enter the flash memory partition number if prompted.
• Enter the filename and destination URL when
prompted.

Examples
The following examples show how to copy a startup configuration to a TFTP server and how to copy
from files flash memory to an FTP server.

Copying the Startup Configuration to a TFTP Server: Example

The following example shows copying the startup configuration to a TFTP server:
Router# copy nvram:startup-config tftp:

Remote host[]? 192.0.0.1

Name of configuration file to write [rtr2-confg]? rtr2-config-b4upgrade

Write file rtr2-confg-b4upgrade on host 192.0.0.1?[confirm] <cr>
![OK]

Copying from Flash Memory to a TFTP Server: Example

The following example uses the dir flash: command in privileged EXEC mode to learn the name of the
system image file and the copy flash: tftp: command to copy the system image to a TFTP server.
Router# dir flash:
Directory of flash:/

1 -rw- 166502 Feb 18 2028 22:47:24 +00:00 crashinfo_19000218-224723C

1024655360 bytes total (1024475136 bytes free)

Router#

Router# copy flash: tftp:

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58 OL-20356-01
 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software
How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image

IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.0.0.1

filename to write on tftp host? cgr2010
writing cgr2010 !!!!...
successful ftp write.

DRAM Size and the New System Image

This section describes how to check whether your router has enough DRAM for upgrading to the new
system image.

Note The DRAM in the Cisco CGR 2010 is fixed and cannot be removed and replaced by DRAM with more
memory.

Ensuring Adequate Flash Memory for the New System Image

This section describes how to check whether your router has enough flash memory to upgrade to the new
system image and, if necessary, how to properly delete files in flash memory to make room for the new
system image.
Cisco CGR 2010 routers have two sets of external CF slots: 2 PCMCIA and 2 USB. Use the secondary CF
for overflow files, if required. Table 2 lists CF slot numbering and naming.

Table 2 CF Slot Numbering and Naming

Slot Number PCMCIA CF Filenames USB CF Filenames Size
Slot01 flash02 usbflash0 256MB

Slot1 flash1 usbflash1 0

Total - - 4GB

1. Slot 0 is the default CF slot. CF in slot0 stores system image, configuration, and data files. CF must be present in
this slot for the router to boot and perform normal file operations.
2. Filenames flash and flash0 refer to the same device.

Prerequisites
• Choose the Cisco IOS release and system image to which you want to upgrade. See the “Information
About Upgrading the System Image” section on page 56.
• Select the system image in the Download Software website.
You must have an account on Cisco.com to access this website. If you do not have an account or
have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog box and follow the
instructions that appear.
From the File Download Information table, write down the minimum flash requirements for the
image.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. dir flash:

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 Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software
How to Upgrade the Cisco IOS Image

3. From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes available to the
minimum flash requirements for the new system image.
a. If the available memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash
requirements, proceed to the “Copying the System Image into Flash Memory” section on
page 62.
b. If the available memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements,
proceed to Step 4.
4. From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes total to the size
of the system image to which you want to upgrade.
a. If the total memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements, you
cannot upgrade your compact flash memory card because the DRAM is fixed. You must delete
files in flash memory to make room for the new system image.

Note The DRAM in the Cisco CGR 2010 router is fixed and cannot be removed and replaced by
DRAM with more memory.

b. If the total memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash
requirements, proceed to Step 5.
5. Enter the dir /all flash: command.
6. From the displayed output of the dir /all flash: command, write down the names and directory
locations of the files that you can delete.
7. (Optional) Enter the copy flash: {tftp | rcp} command.
8. (Optional) Repeat Step 7 for each file that you identified in Step 6.
9. Enter the delete flash:directory-path/filename command.
10. Repeat Step 9 for each file that you identified in Step 6.
11. Enter the dir flash:[partition-number:] command.
12. From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes available to the
size of the system image to which you want to upgrade.
a. If the available memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements, then
you cannot download the new image.
b. If the available memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash
requirements, proceed to the “Copying the System Image into Flash Memory” section on
page 62.

DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Use the enable command to enter privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted. For
example:
Router> enable
Password:
Router#

Step 2 Use the dir flash: command to display the layout and contents of flash memory:
Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

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1 -rw- 166502 Feb 18 2028 22:47:24 +00:00 crashinfo_19000218-224723C

1024655360 bytes total (1024475136 bytes free)

Step 3 From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes available to the
minimum flash requirements for the new system image.
• If the available memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash
requirements, proceed to the “Copying the System Image into Flash Memory” section on page 62.
• If the available memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements, proceed
to Step 4.
Step 4 From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes total to the size of
the system image to which you want to upgrade.
• If the total memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements, you cannot
upgrade your compact flash memory card because the DRAM is fixed. You must delete files in flash
memory to make room for the new system image.
• If the total memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements,
proceed to Step 5.
Step 5 Enter the dir /all flash: command to display a list of all files and directories in flash memory:
Router# dir /all flash:

Directory of flash:/

1 -rw- 166502 Feb 18 2028 22:47:24 +00:00 crashinfo_19000218-224723C

1024655360 bytes total (1024475136 bytes free)

Router#

Step 6 From the displayed output of the dir /all flash: command, write down the names and directory locations
of the files that you can delete. If you cannot delete any files, you cannot download the new image.

Note The DRAM in the Cisco CGR 2010 router is fixed and cannot be removed and replaced by
DRAM with more memory.

Note Do not delete the system image that the router already uses. If you are not sure which files can
be safely deleted, either consult your network administrator. You cannot upgrade your compact
flash memory card to a size that can accommodate both the existing files and the new system
image.

Step 7 (Optional) Enter the copy flash:{tftp | rcp} to copy a file to a server before deleting the file from flash
memory. When prompted, enter the filename and the server’s hostname or IP address:
Router# copy flash tftp

Step 8 (Optional) Repeat Step 7 for each file that you identified in Step 6.
Step 9 Enter the delete flash:directory-path/filename command to delete a file in flash memory:
Router# delete flash:c29xx.tmp

Delete filename [cgr2010.tmp]? <cr>

Delete flash:cgr2010.tmp? [confirm] <cr>

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Step 10 Repeat Step 9 for each file that you identified in Step 6.
Step 11 Enter the dir flash: command to display the layout and contents of flash memory.
Step 12 From the displayed output of the dir flash: command, compare the number of bytes available to the size
of the system image to which you want to upgrade.
• If the available memory is less than the new system image’s minimum flash requirements you
cannot download the new image.
• If the available memory is equal to or greater than the new system image’s minimum flash
requirements, proceed to the “Copying the System Image into Flash Memory” section on page 62.

What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Copying the System Image into Flash Memory” section on page 62.

Copying the System Image into Flash Memory

This section describes how to copy the system image into the compact flash memory card for your router.
Choose one of the following methods:
• Using TFTP or Remote Copy Protocol to Copy the System Image into Flash Memory, page 62
• Using the ROM Monitor to Copy the System Image over a Network, page 64

Using TFTP or Remote Copy Protocol to Copy the System Image into Flash Memory
This section describes how to use TFTP or Remote Copy Protocol (RCP) to upgrade the system image.
This is the recommended and most common method of upgrading the system image.

Prerequisites
• Install a TFTP server or an RCP server application on a TCP/IP-ready workstation or PC. Many
third-party vendors provide free TFTP server software, which you can find by searching for “TFTP
server” in a web search engine.
If you use TFTP:
– Configure the TFTP application to operate as a TFTP server, not a TFTP client.
– Specify the outbound file directory to which you will download and store the system image.
• Download the new Cisco IOS software image into the workstation or PC. See the “Where Do I
Download the System Image?” section on page 57.
• Establish a console session to the router. We recommend that you connect your PC directly to the
router console port. See the hardware installation guide that shipped with your router.
• Verify that the TFTP or RCP server has IP connectivity to the router. If you cannot successfully ping
between the TFTP or RCP server and the router, do one of the following:
– Configure a default gateway on the router.
– Make sure that the server and the router each have an IP address in the same network or subnet.
See the tech note, Determining IP Addresses: Frequently Asked Questions.

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Tip For more detailed information on how to perform the prerequisites, see the Software Installation and
Upgrade Procedure.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. copy tftp flash:
or
copy rcp flash:
3. When prompted, enter the IP address of the TFTP or RCP server.
4. When prompted, enter the filename of the Cisco IOS software image to be installed.
5. When prompted, enter the filename as you want it to appear on the router.
6. If an error message appears that says, “Not enough space on device,” do one of the following, as
appropriate:
• If you are certain that all the files in flash memory should be erased, enter y twice when prompted
to erase flash before copying.
• If you are not certain that all files in flash memory should be erased, press Ctrl-Z and follow the
instructions in the “Ensuring Adequate Flash Memory for the New System Image” section on
page 59.
7. If the error message does not appear, enter no when prompted to erase the flash memory before
copying.

DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Use the enable command to enter privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted:
Router> enable
Password: <password>
Router#

Step 2 Enter the copy tftp flash: command

or
copy rcp flash command o copy a file from a server to flash memory.
For example:
Router# copy tftp flash:
Address or name of remote host [223.255.254.254]?
Source filename [ypatel/cgs2520-ipservices-mz.s12]?
Destination filename [cgs2520-ipservices-mz.s12]?
Accessing tftp://223.255.254.254/ypatel/cgs2520-ipservices-mz.s12...
Loading ypatel/cgs2520-ipservices-mz.s12 from 223.255.254.254 (via GigabitEthernet0/0):
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 11776175 bytes]

11776175 bytes copied in 20.576 secs (572326 bytes/sec)

Router#

Step 3 When prompted, enter the IP address of the TFTP or RCP server:
Address or name of remote host []? 10.10.10.2

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Step 4 When prompted, enter the filename of the Cisco IOS software image to be installed:
Source filename []? cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T

Note The filename is case sensitive.

Step 5 When prompted, enter the filename as you want it to appear on the router. Typically, the same filename
is entered as was used in Step 4:
Destination filename []? cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T

Step 6 If an error message appears that says, “Not enough space on device,” do one of the following as
appropriate:
• If you are certain that all the files in flash memory should be erased, enter y when prompted twice
to confirm that flash memory will be erased before copying:
Accessing tftp://10.10.10.2/cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] y
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] y
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

• If you are not certain that all the files in flash memory should be erased, press Ctrl-Z and follow the
instructions in the “Ensuring Adequate Flash Memory for the New System Image” section on
page 59.
Step 7 If the error message does not appear, enter no when prompted to erase the flash memory before copying:
Accessing tftp://10.10.10.2/cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] no

Troubleshooting Tips
See Resolving Common Image Installation Problems.

What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Loading the New System Image” section on page 67.

Using the ROM Monitor to Copy the System Image over a Network
This section describes how to download a Cisco IOS software image from a remote TFTP server to the
router flash memory using the tftpdnld ROM monitor command.

Caution Using the tftpdnld ROM monitor command may erase the system image, configuration, and data files.
System image, configuration, and data files must be present on USB CF in slot0 for the router to boot
and perform normal file operations.

Before you can enter the tftpdnld ROM monitor command, you must set the ROM monitor environment
variables.

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Prerequisites
Connect the TFTP server to a fixed network port on your router.

Restrictions
The LAN ports on network modules or interface cards are not active in ROM monitor mode. Therefore,
only a fixed port on your router can be used for TFTP download. This can be either a fixed Ethernet port
on the router or one of the Gigabit Ethernet ports on routers equipped with them.

Note You can use this command only to download files to the router. You cannot use tftpdnld to get files from
the router.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. Enter ROM monitor mode
2. Set the IP_ADDRESS=ip_address configuration variable.
3. Set the IP_SUBNET_MASK=ip_address configuration variable.
4. Set the DEFAULT_GATEWAY=ip_address configuration variable.
5. Set the TFTP_SERVER=ip_address configuration variable.
6. Set the TFTP_FILE=[directory-path/]filename configuration variable.
7. (Optional) Set the GE_PORT=[0 | 1] port number for download.
8. (Optional) Set the TFTP_MEDIA_TYPE=[0 | 1] copper or fiber.
9. (Optional) Set the TFTP_MACADDR= mac address of unit.
10. (Optional) Set the TFTP_VERBOSE= [0 | 1| 2] print setting variable.
11. (Optional) Set the TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=retry_times configuration variable.
12. (Optional) Set the TFTP_TIMEOUT=timeout of operation in seconds.
13. (Optional) Set the TFTP_ACK_RETRY=ack retry in seconds.
14. (Optional) Set the TFTP_CHECKSUM=[0 | 1] perform checksum test on image.
15. (Optional) Set the TFTP_DESTINATION=[flash0 | flash1 | usbflash0 | usbflash1] flash destination
device for file.
16. (Optional) Set the GE_SPEED_MODE= speed configuration.
17. Use the set command to verify that you have set the variables correctly.
18. Use the tftpdnld [-r] command to download the image.

DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Enter ROM monitor mode.

Step 2 Set the IP address of the router. For example:
rommon > IP_ADDRESS=172.16.23.32

Step 3 Set the IP subnet mask. For example:

rommon > IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.224

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Step 4 Set the default gateway address. For example:

rommon > DEFAULT_GATEWAY=172.16.23.40

Step 5 Set the TFTP server IP address, which is the location from which the software will be downloaded:
rommon > TFTP_SERVER=172.16.23.33

Step 6 Set the name and directory location to which the image file will be downloaded onto the router. For
example:
rommon > TFTP_FILE=archive/rel22/<image name>

Step 7 (Optional) Set the input port to use a Gigabit Ethernet port. Usage is GE_PORT=[0 | 1]. For example:
rommon > GE_PORT=0

Step 8 (Optional) Set the Ethernet media type. Usage is TFTP_ MEDIA_TYPE=[0 1], where Copper= 0 and
Fiber=1:
rommon > TFTP_MEDIA_TYPE=1

Step 9 (Optional) Decide whether the router will perform a checksum test on the downloaded image. Usage is
TFTP_CHECKSUM=[0 | 1], where 1=checksum test is performed (default) and 0=no checksum test. For
example:
rommon > TFTP_CHECKSUM=0

Step 10 (Optional) Set the number of times that the router will attempt Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and
TFTP download. The default is 7 attempts. For example:
rommon > TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=10

Step 11 (Optional) Set the amount of time, in seconds, before the download process times out. The default is
2400 seconds (40 minutes). The following example shows 1800 seconds (30 minutes):
TFTP_TIMEOUT=1800

Step 12 (Optional) Configure the print variable. Usage is TFTP_VERBOSE= [0 | 1 | 2], where print:
0= is quiet.
1= in progress.
2= verbose
Step 13 Use the set command to display the ROM monitor environment variables to verify that you have
configured them correctly. For example:
rommon > set

Step 14 Download the system image, as specified by the ROM monitor environmental variables, using the
tftpdnld [-r] command. Without the -r option, the command downloads the specified image and saves
it in flash memory, deleting all existing data in all partitions in flash memory. Using the -r option
downloads and boots the new software but does not save the software to flash memory.
rommon> tftpdnld [-r]
A prompt is displayed:
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y

Entering “y” confirms that you want to continue with the TFTP download.

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What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Loading the New System Image” section on page 67.

Loading the New System Image

This section describes how to load the new system image that you copied into flash memory. First,
determine whether you are in ROM monitor mode or in the Cisco IOS CLI. Then choose one of the
following methods of loading the new system image:
• Loading the New System Image from the Cisco IOS Software, page 67
• Loading the New System Image from ROM Monitor Mode, page 69

Loading the New System Image from the Cisco IOS Software
This section describes how to load the new system image from the Cisco IOS software.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. dir flash:
2. configure terminal
3. no boot system
4. (Optional) boot system flash system-image-filename
5. (Optional) Repeat to specify the order in which the router should attempt to load any backup system
images.
6. exit
7. show version
8. If the last digit in the configuration register is 0 or 1, proceed to Step 9. However, if the last digit in
the configuration register is between 2 and F, proceed to Step 12.
9. configure terminal
10. config-register 0x2102
11. exit
12. copy run start
13. reload
14. When prompted to save the system configuration, enter no.
15. When prompted to confirm the reload, enter y.
16. show version

DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Enter the dir flash: command to display a list of all files and directories in flash memory:
Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

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3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 1993 00:00:58 c38xx.tmp

1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 1993 06:14:02 c38xx-ata

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Note Determine whether the new system image is the first file or the only file listed in the dir flash
command output ( is not required if it is the first file or only file listed).

Step 2 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode:
Router# configure terminal

Router(config)#

Step 3 Enter the no boot system command to delete all entries in the bootable image list, which specifies the
order in which the router attempts to load the system images at the next system reload or power cycle:
Router(config)# no boot system

Step 4 If the new system image is the first file or the only file displayed in the dir flash: command output, you
do not need to perform the following step.
Enter the boot system flash system-image-filename command to load the new system image after the
next system reload or power cycle. For example:
Router(config)# boot system flash cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin

Step 5 (Optional) Repeat to specify the order in which the router should attempt to load any backup system
images.
Step 6 Enter the exit command to exit global configuration mode:
Router(config)# exit
Router#

Step 7 Enter the show version command to display the configuration register setting:
Router# show version

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

.
.
.
Configuration register is 0x0

Router#

Step 8 If the last digit in the configuration register is 0 or 1, proceed to Step 9. However, if the last digit in the
configuration register is between 2 and F, proceed to Step 12.
Step 9 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode:
Router# configure terminal

Router(config)#

Step 10 Enter the config-register 0x2102 command to set the configuration register so that, after the next system
reload or power cycle, the router loads a system image from the boot system commands in the startup
configuration file:
Router(config)# config-register 0x2102

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Step 11 Enter the exit command to exit global configuration mode:

Router(config)# exit
Router#

Step 12 Enter the copy run start command to copy the running configuration to the startup configuration:
Router# copy run start

Step 13 Enter the reload command to reload the operating system:

Router# reload

Step 14 When prompted to save the system configuration, enter no:

System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no

Step 15 When prompted to confirm the reload, enter y:

Proceed with reload? [confirm] y

Step 16 Enter the show version command to verify that the router loaded the proper system image:
Router# show version

00:22:25: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
.
.
.
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin"

What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Saving Backup Copies of Your New System Image and Configuration” section on
page 71.

Loading the New System Image from ROM Monitor Mode

This section describes how to load the new system image from ROM monitor mode.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. dir flash0:[partition-number:]
2. confreg 0x2102
3. boot flash0:[partition-number:]filename
4. After the system loads the new system image, press Return a few times to display the Cisco IOS
command-line interface (CLI) prompt.
5. enable
6. configure terminal
7. no boot system
8. boot system flash0: new-system-image-filename

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9. (Optional) Repeat to specify the order in which the router should attempt to load any backup system
images.
10. exit
11. copy run start

DETAILED STEPS

Step 1 Enter the dir flash0:[partition-number:] command to list files in flash memory:
rommon > dir flash0:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340
Directory of flash0:

2 47089944 -rw- cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T

rommon 3 >

Note whether the new system image is the first file or the only file listed in the dir flash0: command
output. ( is not required if the image is the first file or only file listed.)
Step 2 Enter the confreg 0x2102 command to set the configuration register so that, after the next system reload
or power cycle, the router loads a system image from the boot system commands in the startup
configuration file:
rommon > confreg 0x2102

Step 3 Enter the boot flash0:[partition-number:]filename command to force the router to load the new system
image:
rommon > boot flash0:cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin

Step 4 After the system loads the new system image, press Return a few times to display the Cisco IOS CLI
prompt.
Step 5 Enter the enable command to enable privileged EXEC mode, and enter your password if prompted:
Router> enable
Password: <password>
Router#

Step 6 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode:
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#

Step 7 Enter the no boot system to eliminate all entries in the bootable image list, which specifies the system
image that the router loads at startup:
Router(config)# no boot system

Step 8 If the new system image is the first file or only the file displayed in the dir flash0: command output, this
step is not required.
Enter the boot system flash new-system-image-filename command to load the new system image after the
next system reload or power cycle:
Router(config)# boot system flash cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.bin

Step 9 (Optional) Repeat to specify the order in which the router should attempt to load any backup system
images.

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Step 10 Enter the exit command to exit global configuration mode:

Router(config)# exit
Router#

Step 11 Enter the copy run start command to copy the running configuration to the startup configuration:
Router# copy run start

What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Saving Backup Copies of Your New System Image and Configuration” section on
page 71.

Saving Backup Copies of Your New System Image and Configuration

To aid file recovery and to minimize downtime in the event of file corruption, we recommend that you
save backup copies of the startup configuration file and the Cisco IOS software system image file on a
server.

Tip Do not erase any existing backup copies of your configuration and system image that you saved before
upgrading your system image. If you encounter serious problems using your new system image or startup
configuration, you can quickly revert to the previous working configuration and system image, if
necessary.

For more detailed information, see the “Managing Configuration Files” chapter and the “Loading and
Maintaining System Images” chapter of Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide,
Release 15.0.
To save backup copies of the startup configuration file and the system image file, complete the following
steps:

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}
3. dir flash0:
4. copy flash0: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:}

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 copy nvram:startup-config {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies the startup configuration file to a server.
• The configuration file copy serves as a backup copy.
Example: • Enter the destination URL when prompted.
Router# copy nvram:startup-config ftp:
Step 3 dir flash0: Displays the layout and contents of a flash memory file
system.
Example: • Write down the name of the system image file.
Router# dir flash0:
Step 4 copy flash0: {ftp: | rcp: | tftp:} Copies a file from flash memory to a server.
• Copy the system image file to a server to serve as a
Example: backup copy.
Router# copy flash0: ftp:
• Enter the flash memory partition number if prompted.
• Enter the filename and destination URL when
prompted.

Examples
Copying the Startup Configuration to a TFTP Server: Example
The following example shows the startup configuration being copied to a TFTP server:
Router# copy nvram:startup-config tftp:

Remote host[]? 172.16.101.101

Name of configuration file to write [rtr2-confg]? <cr>

Write file rtr2-confg on host 172.16.101.101?[confirm] <cr>
![OK]

Copying from Flash Memory to a TFTP Server: Example

The following example uses the dir flash: privileged EXEC command to obtain the name of the system
image file and the copy flash: tftp: privileged EXEC command to copy the system image to a TFTP
server. The router uses the default username and password.
Router# dir flash0:

System flash directory:

File Length Name/status
1 4137888 cgr2010-mz
[4137952 bytes used, 12639264 available, 16777216 total]
16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)\

Router# copy flash0: tftp:

IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 192.0.0.1
filename to write on tftp host? cgr2010-mz

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Additional References

writing cgr2010-mz !!!!...

successful ftp write.

Additional References
The following sections provide references related to upgrading the system image on your router.

Related Documents and Websites

Related Topic Document Title or Website
Matching Cisco IOS releases and features to hardware Cisco Feature Navigator
Choosing and downloading system images Cisco Download Software website
Loading and maintaining system images Cisco IOS and NX-OS Software, Loading and Managing System
Images
Removing, inserting, and upgrading compact flash Hardware Installation Guide for your router
memory cards
Connecting your PC to the router console port Hardware Installation Guide for your router

Technical Assistance

Description Link
Technical Assistance Center (TAC) home page, http://www.cisco.com/public/support/tac/home.shtml
containing 30,000 pages of searchable technical
content, including links to products, technologies,
solutions, technical tips, and tools. Registered
Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access
even more content.1
1. You must have an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog
box and follow the instructions that appear.

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First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 uses Advanced Capability CF external memory to store the system
image, configuration files, and some software data files. CF supports true integrated development
environment mode and multi-word direct memory access mode.
This document explains how to manage directories and files on the CF in the following sections:
• Requirements and Restrictions, page 75
• Online Insertion and Removal, page 76
• Formatting CompactFlash Memory as a Class C File System, page 76
• File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards, page 77
• Directory Operations on a CompactFlash Memory Card, page 81

Requirements and Restrictions

CompactFlash Support
• Only Advanced Capability CF purchased from Cisco operate in the Cisco CGR 2010 router.
• Legacy CF will not operate in Cisco CGR 2010 router. When legacy CF is inserted, the following
error message appears:
WARNING: Unsupported compact flash detected. Use of this card during normal operation
can impact and severely degrade performance of the system. Please use supported
compact flash cards only.

Formatting CompactFlash
• Only Class C file systems are supported on Cisco PCMCIA CompactFlash (CF).
• We recommend that you format new CF to initialize a new flash file system. Proper formatting lets
the ROM monitor recognize and boot the flash memory. The CF can be formatted on a router, and
files can be copied to or from any PC that is equipped with a CF memory reader. If you use a PC to
format the CF, use the Microsoft File Allocation Table (FAT32) file system.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Using CompactFlash Memory
Online Insertion and Removal

CompactFlash Slots and Files

• Cisco CGR 2010 routers have two types of external CF slots
– 2— PCMCIA
– 2— USB
• CF in slot0 can store the system image, configuration, and data files. The CF must be present in this
slot for the router to boot and perform normal file operations.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Table 1 Compact Flash Slot Numbering and Naming

Slot Number PCMCIA CF Filenames USB CF Filenames Size
Slot01 flash0 usbflash0 256MB

Slot1 flash1 usbflash1 0

Total - - 4GB

1. Slot 0 is the default CF slot. CF in slot0 can store system image, configuration, and data files. CF must be
present in this slot for the router to boot and perform normal file operations.

Online Insertion and Removal

Online insertion and removal (OIR) is a feature that allows you to replace CompactFlash memory cards
without turning off the router and without affecting the operation of other interfaces. OIR of CF memory
cards provides uninterrupted operation to network users, maintains routing information, and ensures
session preservation.

Caution The external CF memory card should not be removed if the flash memory busy “CF” LED on the router
is blinking, because this indicates that the software is accessing the CF memory card. Removing the CF
memory card may disrupt the network, because some software features use the CF memory card to store
tables and other important data.

For instructions on inserting, removing, and replacing the external CF memory card, see the router’s
Hardware Installation Guide.

Formatting CompactFlash Memory as a Class C File System

Use the format flash: command in privileged EXEC mode to:
• Format CF memory cards with a Class C flash file system
• Remove the files from a CF memory card previously formatted with a Class C flash file system

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Formatting CompactFlash Memory as a Class C Flash File System: Example

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File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards

Router# format flash:

Format operation may take a while. Continue? [confirm]
Format operation will destroy all data in "flash:". Continue? [confirm]
Enter volume ID (up to 64 chars)[default flash]:
Current Low End File System flash card in flash will be formatted into DOS
File System flash card! Continue? [confirm]
Format:Drive communication & 1st Sector Write OK...
Writing Monlib sectors ..................................................................
Monlib write complete
Format:All system sectors written. OK...
Format:Total sectors in formatted partition:250592
Format:Total bytes in formatted partition:128303104
Format:Operation completed successfully.
Format of flash complete

File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards

This section describes the following file operations for external CF memory cards:
• Copying Files, page 77
• Displaying Files, page 78
• Displaying File Content, page 78
• Displaying Geometry and Format Information, page 79
• Deleting Files, page 80
• Renaming Files, page 80

Copying Files
To copy files, enter the copy command in privileged EXEC mode. To indicate a file that is stored in a CF
memory card, precede the filename with flash.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Examples: Copying Files

In the following example, the file my-config1 on the CF memory card is copied into the startup-config file
in the system memory:
Router# copy flash:my-config1 startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?

[OK]
517 bytes copied in 4.188 secs (129 bytes/sec)

In the following example, the file my-config2 on the CF memory card is copied into the running-config
file in the system memory:
Router# copy flash:my-config2 running-config

Destination filename [running-config]?

709 bytes copied in 0.72 secs

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 Using CompactFlash Memory
File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards

Displaying Files
To display a list of files in CF memory, enter the dir flash: command in privileged EXEC mode.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/
1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 2004 06:14:02 c29xx-i-mz.3600ata
3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2004 00:01:24 c29xx-i-mz
63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Displaying CF Platform Support Status and Errors

To display the platform support status of the CF memory, enter the show platform cf command in
privileged EXEC mode.
Router# show platform cf

Platform Support status of Compact Flash:

===========================================
CF flash0: Compact Flash plugged in is Unsupported
CF flash1: Compact Flash not plugged in.

Router

To display platform error status, enter the show platform error command in privileged EXEC mode.
Router# show platform error
Interface GigabitEthernet0/0:
----------------------------
Unknown Protocol Drops : 6

Interface GigabitEthernet0/1:
----------------------------
Lost Carrier : 1

CF Error Status:
---------------
Compact Flash 0 Unsupported (HT)

Router#

Displaying File Content

To display the content of a file that is stored in flash memory, enter the more flash: command in
privileged EXEC mode:

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Router# more flash:cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T

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 Using CompactFlash Memory
File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards

00000000: 7F454C46 01020100 00000000 00000000 .ELF .... .... ....

00000010: 00020061 00000001 80008000 00000034 ...a .... .... ...4
00000020: 00000054 20000001 00340020 00010028 ...T ... .4. ...(
00000030: 00050008 00000001 0000011C 80008000 .... .... .... ....
00000040: 80008000 00628A44 00650EEC 00000007 .... .b.D .e.l ....
00000050: 0000011C 0000001B 00000001 00000006 .... .... .... ....
00000060: 80008000 0000011C 00004000 00000000 .... .... ..@. ....
00000070: 00000000 00000008 00000000 00000021 .... .... .... ...!
00000080: 00000001 00000002 8000C000 0000411C .... .... ..@. ..A.
00000090: 00000700 00000000 00000000 00000004 .... .... .... ....
000000A0: 00000000 00000029 00000001 00000003 .... ...) .... ....
000000B0: 8000C700 0000481C 00000380 00000000 ..G. ..H. .... ....
000000C0: 00000000 00000004 00000000 0000002F .... .... .... .../
000000D0: 00000001 10000003 8000CA80 00004B9C .... .... ..J. ..K.
000000E0: 00000020 00000000 00000000 00000008 ... .... .... ....
000000F0: 00000000 0000002F 00000001 10000003 .... .../ .... ....
00000100: 8000CAA0 00004BBC 00623FA4 00000000 ..J ..K< .b?$ ....
00000110: 00000000 00000008 00000000 3C1C8001 .... .... .... <...
00000120: 679C4A80 3C018001 AC3DC70C 3C018001 g.J. <... ,=G. <...
00000130: AC3FC710 3C018001 AC24C714 3C018001 ,?G. <... ,$G. <...
00000140: AC25C718 3C018001 AC26C71C 3C018001 ,%G. <... ,&G. <...
00000150: AC27C720 3C018001 AC30C724 3C018001 ,'G <... ,0G$ <...
00000160: AC31C728 3C018001 AC32C72C 3C018001 ,1G( <... ,2G, <...
--More-- q

Displaying Geometry and Format Information

To display the geometry and format information of a CF flash file system, enter the show flash: filesys
command in privileged EXEC mode.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Router# show flash0 filesys

******** ATA Flash Card Geometry/Format Info ********

ATA CARD GEOMETRY

Manufacturer Name
Model Number SMART CF fs:8000
Serial Number 2009101509D809B20000
Firmware Revision 20060729
Number of Heads 16
Number of Cylinders 1986
Sectors per Cylinder 63
Sector Size 512
Total Sectors 2001888

ATA PARTITION 1 INFO

Start Sector 63
Number of Sectors 2001825
Size in Bytes 1024934400
File System Type FAT16
Number of FAT Sectors 245
Sectors Per Cluster 32
Number of Clusters 62540
Number of Data Sectors 2001280
Base FAT Sector 1
Base Root Sector 491

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 Using CompactFlash Memory
File Operations on CompactFlash Memory Cards

Base Data Sector 523

ATA MONLIB INFO

Image Monlib size 121788
Disk Monlib Size NA
Disk Space Available NA
Name NA
End Sector NA
Start sector NA
Updated By NA
Version NA

Router#

Deleting Files
To delete a file from a CF memory card, enter the delete flash: command.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Note The dir flash: command does not display deleted files and files with errors.

Renaming Files
To rename a file on a CF memory card, enter the rename command in privileged EXEC mode.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2009 00:00:58 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.tmp

1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 2009 06:14:02 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.3600ata

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Router# rename flash:cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T.tmp flash:cgr2010-universalk9-mz

Destination filename [cgr2010-universalk9-mz]?

Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 2009 06:14:02 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.3600ata

3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2009 00:01:24 cgr2010-universalk9-mz

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

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 Using CompactFlash Memory
Directory Operations on a CompactFlash Memory Card

Directory Operations on a CompactFlash Memory Card

The following sections describe directory operations for external CF memory cards on Cisco routers:
• Entering a Directory and Determining Which Directory You Are In, page 81
• Creating a New Directory, page 81
• Removing a Directory, page 82

Entering a Directory and Determining Which Directory You Are In

To enter a directory of a CF memory card, enter the cd command in privileged EXEC mode. The cd
command specifies or changes the default directory or file system. If you enter cd only, without
specifying a file system, the router enters the default home directory, which is flash0. If you enter cd
flash1 or cd usbflash1, the router enters the flash1 directory.
Router# cd

To determine which directory you are in, enter the pwd command in privileged EXEC mode. The CLI
displays which directory or file system is specified as the default by the cd command.
Router# pwd
To display a list of files in the directory that you are in, enter the dir command in privileged EXEC mode.
The command-line interface will display the files in the file system that was specified as the default by the
cd command.
Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 2009 06:14:02 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.3600ata

3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2009 00:01:24 cgr2010-universalk9-mz

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Entering a Directory: Example

To enter the /config directory:
Router# cd config

To verify that you are in the /config directory:

Router# pwd

flash:/config/

Router# dir

Directory of flash:/config/

380 -rw- 6462268 Mar 08 2004 06:14:02 myconfig1

203 -rw- 6458388 Mar 03 2004 00:01:24 myconfig2

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Creating a New Directory

To create a directory in flash memory, enter the mkdir flash: command in privileged EXEC mode.

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 Using CompactFlash Memory
Directory Operations on a CompactFlash Memory Card

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Creating a New Directory: Example

In the following example, a new directory named “config” is created; then a new subdirectory named
“test-config” is created within the “config” directory.
Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

1580 -rw- 6462268 Mar 06 2009 06:14:02 cgr2010-universalk9-mz.3600ata

3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2009 00:01:24 cgr2010-universalk9-mz

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Router# mkdir flash:/config

Create directory filename [config]?

Created dir flash:/config

Router# mkdir flash:/config/test-config

Create directory filename [/config/test-config]?

Created dir flash:/config/test-config

Router# dir flash:

Directory of flash:/

3 -rw- 6458388 Mar 01 2009 00:01:24 cgr2010-universalk9-mz

1580 drw- 0 Mar 01 2004 23:48:36 config

63930368 bytes total (51007488 bytes free)

Removing a Directory
To remove a directory in flash memory, enter the rmdir flash: command in privileged EXEC mode.
Before you can remove a directory, you must remove all files and subdirectories from the directory.

Note Use flash1 in the command syntax to access CF in slot 1. Use flash0 in the command syntax
to access CF in slot 0.

Example: Removing a Directory

In the following example, the subdirectory test-config is removed.
Router# dir

Directory of flash:/config/

1581 drw- 0 Mar 01 2004 23:50:08 test-config

128094208 bytes total (121626624 bytes free)

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Directory Operations on a CompactFlash Memory Card

Router# rmdir flash:/config/test-config

Remove directory filename [/config/test-config]?

Delete flash:/config/test-config? [confirm]
Removed dir flash:/config/test-config
Router# dir

Directory of flash:/config/

No files in directory

128094208 bytes total (121630720 bytes free)

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 Using ROM Monitor

First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

Many users do not use the ROM monitor at all, unless during power up or reload, the router does not find a
valid system image, the last digit of the boot field in the configuration register is 0, or you enter the Break
key sequence of the terminal that is plugged into the router console port during the first 60 seconds after
reloading the router.
This document describes how to use the ROM monitor to manually load a system image, upgrade the
system image when there are no TFTP servers or network connections, or for disaster recovery.

Contents
• Platforms Supported by This Document, page 85
• Prerequisites for Using the ROM Monitor, page 85
• Information About the ROM Monitor, page 86
• How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks, page 87
• Additional References, page 114

Platforms Supported by This Document

This document describes use of the ROM monitor with the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010.

Prerequisites for Using the ROM Monitor

Connect a terminal or PC to the router console port. For help, see the hardware installation guide for
your router.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Using ROM Monitor
Information About the ROM Monitor

Information About the ROM Monitor

Before using the ROM monitor, you should understand the following concepts:
• ROM Monitor Mode Command Prompt, page 86
• Why is the Router in ROM Monitor Mode?, page 86
• When do I use ROM Monitor?, page 86
• Tips for Using ROM Monitor Commands, page 87
• Accessibility, page 87

ROM Monitor Mode Command Prompt

The ROM monitor uses the rommon x > command prompt. The x variable begins at one and increments
each time you press Return or Enter in ROM monitor mode.

Why is the Router in ROM Monitor Mode?

The router boots to ROM monitor mode when one of the following occurs:
• During power up or reload, the router did not find a valid system image.
• The last digit of the boot field in the configuration register is 0 (for example, 0x100 or 0x0).
• You enter the Break key sequence (typically, Ctrl-Break) of the terminal that is plugged into the
router console port during the first 60 seconds after reloading the router.
To exit ROM monitor mode, see the “Exiting ROM Monitor Mode” section on page 112.

When do I use ROM Monitor?

Use ROM monitor when:
• Manually loading a system image—You can load a system image without configuring the router to
load that image in future system reloads or power-cycles. This can be useful for testing a new system
image or for troubleshooting. See the “Loading a System Image (boot)” section on page 93.
• Upgrading the system image when there are no TFTP servers or network connections, and a direct
PC connection to the router console is the only viable option—See information about upgrading the
system image in the configuration documentation for your router.
• Troubleshooting if the router crashes and hangs—See the “Troubleshooting Crashes and Hangs
(stack, context, frame, sysret, meminfo)” section on page 107.
• Recovering from a system disaster—Use one of the following methods for recovering the system
image or configuration file:

Note Recovering the system image is different from upgrading the system image. You need to
recover the system image if it becomes corrupt or if it is deleted because of a disaster that
affects the memory device severely enough to require deleting all data on the memory device
to load a system image.

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How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

– TFTP download (tftpdnld)—Use this method if you can connect a TFTP server directly to the
fixed LAN port on your router. See the “Downloading the System Image (tftpdnld)” section on
page 103.

Tips for Using ROM Monitor Commands

• ROM monitor commands are case sensitive.
• You can halt any ROM monitor command by entering the Break key sequence (Ctrl-Break) on the
PC or terminal. The Break key sequence varies, depending on the software on your PC or terminal.
If Ctrl-Break does not work, see the Standard Break Key Sequence Combinations During Password
Recovery troubleshooting tech note.
• To find out which commands are available on your router and to display command syntax options,
see the “Displaying Commands and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?)” section
on page 92.

Accessibility
The Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010 can be configured using the Cisco command-line interface (CLI).
The CLI conforms to accessibility code 508 because it is text based and it relies on a keyboard for
navigation. All functions of the router can be configured and monitored using the CLI.
For a complete list of guidelines and Cisco products adherence to accessibility, see Cisco Accessibility
Products.

How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

This section provides the following procedures:
• Entering ROM Monitor Mode, page 88
• Displaying Commands and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?), page 92
• Displaying Files in a File System (dir), page 93
• Loading a System Image (boot), page 93
• Modifying the Configuration Register, page 98
• Obtaining Information on USB Flash Devices, page 99
• Modifying the I/O Memory (iomemset), page 100
• Upgrading of ROM Monitor command Using Cisco IOS, page 102
• Downloading the System Image (tftpdnld), page 103
• Troubleshooting Crashes and Hangs (stack, context, frame, sysret, meminfo), page 107
• Exiting ROM Monitor Mode, page 112

Note This section does not describe how to perform all possible ROM monitor tasks. Use the command help
to list and perform any tasks that are not described in this document. See the “Displaying Commands
and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?)” section on page 92.

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How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

Entering ROM Monitor Mode

This section provides two ways to enter ROM monitor mode:
• Using the Break Key Sequence to Interrupt the System Reload and Enter ROM Monitor Mode,
page 88
• Setting the Configuration Register to Boot to ROM Monitor Mode, page 90

Prerequisites
Connect a terminal or PC to the router console port. For help, see the hardware installation guide for
your router.

Using the Break Key Sequence to Interrupt the System Reload and Enter ROM Monitor Mode
This section describes how to enter ROM monitor mode by reloading the router and entering the Break key
sequence.

Note Bit 8 controls the console Break key (see Table 1 on page 116):
• Setting bit 8 (Factory default) causes the processor to ignore the console Break key.
• Clearing bit 8 causes the processor to interpret Break as a command to force the router into the ROM
monitor mode, halting normal operation.
Break can always be sent in the first 60 seconds while the router is rebooting, regardless of the
configuration register settings.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. enable
2. reload
3. Press Ctrl-Break.

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How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 reload Reloads the operating system.

Example:
Router# reload
Step 3 Immediately press Ctrl-Break. Interrupts the router reload and enters ROM monitor mode.
• You must perform this step within 60 seconds after you
Example: enter the reload command.
Router# send break • The Break key sequence varies, depending on the
software on your PC or terminal. If Ctrl-Break does
not work, see Standard Break Key Sequence
Combinations During Password Recovery.

Examples
This section provides an example of the reload command:

Sample Output for the reload Command

Use break key sequence to enter rom monitor
Router# reload

Proceed with reload? [confirm]

*Sep 23 15:54:25.871: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested by console. Reload Reason: Reload

command.

Note Clearing bit 8 causes the processor to interpret Break as a command to force the router into the ROM
monitor mode, halting normal operation.

telnet> send break

*** System received an abort due to Break Key ***

signal= 0x3, code= 0x0, context= 0x431aaf40
PC = 0x4008b5dc, Cause = 0x20, Status Reg = 0x3400c102

Troubleshooting Tips
The Break key sequence varies, depending on the software on your PC or terminal. See Standard Break
Key Sequence Combinations During Password Recovery.

What to Do Next
• Proceed to the “Displaying Commands and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?)”
section on page 92.

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 Using ROM Monitor
How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

• If you use the Break key sequence to enter ROM monitor mode when the router would otherwise
have booted the system image, you can exit ROM monitor mode by doing one of the following:
– Enter the i or reset command, which restarts the booting process and loads the system image.
– Enter the cont command to continue the booting process and load the system image.

Setting the Configuration Register to Boot to ROM Monitor Mode

This section describes how to enter ROM monitor mode by setting the configuration register to boot to
ROM monitor mode at the next system reload or power-cycle. For more information about the
configuration register, see Changing the Configuration Register Settings.

Caution Do not set the configuration register using the config-register 0x0 command after you have set the baud
rate. To set the configuration register without affecting the baud rate, use the current configuration
register setting by entering the show ver | inc configuration command, and then replacing the last
(rightmost) number with a 0 in the configuration register command.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. config-register 0x0
4. exit
5. write memory
6. reload

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 enable Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
Example:
Router> enable
Step 2 configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.

Example:
Router# configure terminal
Step 3 config-register 0x0 Changes the configuration register settings.
• The 0x0 setting forces the router to boot to the ROM
Example: monitor at the next system reload.
Router(config)# config-register 0x0
Step 4 exit Exits global configuration mode.

Example:
Router(config)# exit

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How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

Command or Action Purpose

Step 5 write memory Sets to boot the system image from flash memory.

Example:
Router# write memory
Step 6 reload Reloads the operating system.
• Because of the 0x0 configuration register setting, the
Example: router boots to ROM monitor mode.
Router# reload

<output deleted>

rommon 1>

Examples
The following example shows how to set the configuration register to boot to ROM monitor mode:
Router>
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# config-register 0x0
Router(config)# exit
Router#
*Sep 23 16:01:24.351: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router# write memory
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router# reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]

*Sep 23 16:01:41.571: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested by console. Reload Reason: Reload

command.

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 2006 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Initializing memory for ECC

.
Router platform with 262144 Kbytes of main memory
Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with ECC enabled

Readonly ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 >

What to Do Next
Proceed to the “Displaying Commands and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?)”
section on page 92.

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 Using ROM Monitor
How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

Displaying Commands and Command Syntax in ROM Monitor Mode (?, help, -?)
This section describes how to display ROM monitor commands and command syntax options.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. ?
or
help
2. command -?

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 ? Displays a summary of all available ROM monitor
or commands.
help

Example:
rommon 1 > ?

Example:
rommon 1 > help
Step 2 command -? Displays syntax information for a ROM monitor command.

Example:
rommon 16 > display -?

Examples
This section shows the help command example:
rommon 10 > help
alias set and display aliases command
boot boot up an external process
break set/show/clear the breakpoint
confreg configuration register utility
cont continue executing a downloaded image
context display the context of a loaded image
cookie display contents of motherboard cookie PROM in hex
dev list the device table
dir list files in file system
frame print out a selected stack frame
help monitor builtin command help
history monitor command history
iomemset set IO memory percent
meminfo main memory information
repeat repeat a monitor command
reset system reset
rommon-pref Select ROMMON
set display the monitor variables
showmon display currently selected ROM monitor

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How to Use the ROM Monitor—Typical Tasks

stack produce a stack trace

sync write monitor environment to NVRAM
sysret print out info from last system return
tftpdnld tftp image download
unalias unset an alias
unset unset a monitor variable
hwpart Read HW resources partition
rommon 11 >

Displaying Files in a File System (dir)

To display a list of the files and directories in the file system, use the dir command, as shown in the
following examples. You might need to enter the reset command before viewing the flash memory
directory.
rommon 1 > reset

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(20100226:194457) [petechiu-v150rm7 138], DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1994-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Total memory size = 1024 MB

Field Upgradeable ROMMON Integrity test
ROM: Digitally Signed Development Software
CGR-2010/K9 platform with 1048576 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 72
bit mode with ECC enabled

Upgrade ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 >
-------------

rommon 1 > dir flash:

program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340
Directory of flash:

2 47089944 -rw- cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T

rommon 5 > dir usbflash1:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80903000, size: 0x4c440
open(): Open Error = -1
dir: cannot open device "usbflash1:"

Loading a System Image (boot)

This section describes how to load a system image using the boot ROM monitor command.

Prerequisites
Determine the filename and location of the system image that you want to load. Two images can be
downloaded for Cisco CGR 2010: cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-1.T and
cgr2010-universalnovpnk9-mpe-mz.SPA.151-1.T.

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SUMMARY STEPS

1. boot
or
boot flash:[filename]
or
boot filename tftpserver
or
boot [filename]
or
boot usbflash:[filename]

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 boot In the following order, the examples here direct the router
to:
or
• Boot the first image in flash memory.
boot flash:[filename]
• Boot the first image or a specified image in flash
or memory.
boot filename tftpserver Note In IOS, flash0 will alias onto flash. But Rommon
does not support aliasing. So, the boot system
or command should always use flash0:.
boot [filename]
• Boot the specified image over the network from the
or specified TFTP server (hostname or IP address).
boot usbflash:[filename]
• Boot from the boothelper image because it does not
recognize the device ID. This form of the command is
Example: used to boot a specified image from a network (TFTP)
ROMMON > boot server.
• Boot the image stored on the USB flash device.
Example:
ROMMON > boot flash: Note Platforms can boot from USB in ROM monitor with
or without a compact flash device. It is not
necessary to use a bootloader image from the
Example: compact flash device. Partitions, such as
ROMMON > boot someimage 172.16.30.40 usbflash0:2:image_name, are not supported on USB
flash drives. The boot usbflash<x>: command will
Example: boot the first file on the device, if it is a valid image.
ROMMON > boot someimage
You can override the default boothelper image setting by
setting the BOOTLDR Monitor environment variable to
Example: point to another image. Any system image can be used for
ROMMON > boot usbflash0:someimage this purpose.
• Options for the boot command are -x (load image but
do not execute) and -v (verbose).

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Examples
The following example shows how to load boot flash memory and the resulting command text output:
rommon 6 > boot flash:
Please reset before booting
rommon 1 > reset

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(20100226:194457) [petechiu-v150rm7 138], DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1994-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Total memory size = 1024 MB

Field Upgradeable ROMMON Integrity test
ROM: Digitally Signed Development Software
CGR-2010/K9 platform with 1048576 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 72
bit mode with ECC enabled

Upgrade ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 >
-------------

rommon 1 > boot flash:

program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340
program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340

IOS Image Load Test

Digitally Signed Development Software

program load complete, entry point: 0x81000000, size: 0x2ce85e0
Self decompressing the image : ################################################]

Smart Init is enabled

smart init is sizing iomem
TYPE MEMORY_REQ
GRWIC Slot 0 0x00200000
GRWIC Slot 1 0x00200000
GRWIC Slot 2 0x00200000
GRWIC Slot 3 0x00200000
Onboard devices &
buffer pools 0x0228F000
-----------------------------------------------
TOTAL: 0x02A8F000

Rounded IOMEM up to: 44Mb.

Using 4 percent iomem. [44Mb/1024Mb]

Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

cisco Systems, Inc.

170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706

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Cisco IOS Software, CGR2010 Software (CGR2010-UNIVERSALK9-MZ), Version 15.1-1.T

Copyright (c) 1986-2009 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 30-Nov-09 06:13 by stshen

Note The following warning message does not appear if the proper CompactFlash card is installed in the ISR.

WARNING: Unsupported compact flash detected. Use of this card during normal
operation can impact and severely degrade performance of the system.
Please use supported high temperature compact flashcards only.

This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United

States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.

A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html

If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to

export@cisco.com.

Cisco CISCOCGR2010/K9 (revision 1.0) with 1003520K/45056K bytes of memory.

Processor board ID FHH1338P00R
2 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
32 Low-speed serial(sync/async) interfaces
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled.
255K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
250880K bytes of ATA System CompactFlash 0 (Read/Write)

SETUP: new interface NVI0 placed in "shutdown" state

Press RETURN to get started!

*Mar 1 00:00:03.603: %IOS_LICENSE_IMAGE_APPLICATION-6-LICENSE_LEVEL: Module nad

*Mar 1 00:00:03.695: %IOS_LICENSE_IMAGE_APPLICATION-6-LICENSE_LEVEL: Module na9
*Dec 3 18:11:39.235: %IFMGR-7-NO_IFINDEX_FILE: Unable to open nvram:/ifIndex-ty
*Dec 3 18:11:57.355: %HWIC_SERIAL-6-STARTUP: GRWIC Serial initialized
*Dec 3 18:11:59.335: %HWIC_SERIAL-6-STARTUP: GRWIC Serial initialized
*Dec 3 18:12:01.315: %HWIC_SERIAL-6-STARTUP: GRWIC Serial initialized
*Dec 3 18:12:03.291: %HWIC_SERIAL-6-STARTUP: GRWIC Serial initialized
*Dec 3 18:12:06.863: initialized snmp mgmt interface
*Dec 3 18:12:07.131: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed stap
*Dec 3 18:12:07.131: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed stap
*Dec 3 18:12:07.131: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.131: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/2, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/3, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/4, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/5, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/6, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0/7, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/0, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/1, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/2, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/3, changed state to dn

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*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/4, changed state to dn

*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/5, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/6, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1/7, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/0, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/1, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/2, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/3, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/4, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/5, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/6, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/2/7, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/0, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/1, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/2, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/3, changed state to up
*Dec 3 18:12:07.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/4, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.139: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/5, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.139: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/6, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:07.139: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/3/7, changed state to dn
*Dec 3 18:12:08.291: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEtp
*Dec 3 18:12:08.291: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEtp
*Dec 3 18:12:08.291: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0p
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0p
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 3 18:12:08.295: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0n
*Dec 4 10:12:09.435 PST: %SYS-6-CLOCKUPDATE: System clock has been updated fro.
*Dec 4 10:12:11.187 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface NVI0,p
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/2, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/3, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/4, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/5, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/6, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/7, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1/1, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:11.455 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1/2, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:12.455 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serian
*Dec 4 10:12:12.455 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serian
*Dec 4 10:12:12.455 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serian
*Dec 4 10:12:12.879 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Gigabn
*Dec 4 10:12:13.079 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Gigabn
*Dec 4 10:12:16.291 PST: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changedn
*Dec 4 10:12:16.311 PST: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changedn
*Dec 4 10:12:17.283 PST: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console
*Dec 4 10:12:17.819 PST: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco IOS Software, CGR2010 Software (CGR2010-UNIVERSALK9-MZ), Version 15.1-1.T
Copyright (c) 1986-2009 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 30-Nov-09 06:13 by stshen
*Dec 4 10:12:17.827 PST: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host uut is undergoit
*Dec 4 10:12:19.087 PST: %SSH-5-ENABLED: SSH 2.0 has been enabled
*Dec 4 10:12:19.223 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/1, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.223 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/2, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/3, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/4, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/5, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/6, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/2/7, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/2, changed staten
*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/3, changed staten

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*Dec 4 10:12:19.347 PST: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/3/4, changed staten

*Dec 4 10:12:20.347 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serian
*Dec 4 10:12:20.347 PST: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface NVI0,n
Router>

What to Do Next
If you want to configure the router to load a specified image at the next system reload or power-cycle, see
the following documents:
• Booting Commands” chapter of Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference
• Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals and Network Management Configuration Guide

Modifying the Configuration Register

This section describes how to modify the configuration register using the confreg ROM monitor
command. You can also modify the configuration register setting from the Cisco IOS CLI using the
config-register command in global configuration mode.

Caution Do not set the configuration register using the config-register 0x0 command after setting the baud rate.
To set the configuration register without affecting the baud rate, use the current configuration register
setting by entering the show ver | inc configuration command and then replacing the last (rightmost)
number with a 0 in the configuration register command.

Restrictions
The modified configuration register value is automatically written into NVRAM, but the new value does
not take effect until you reset or power-cycle the router.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. confreg [value]

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 confreg [value] Changes the configuration register settings while in ROM
monitor mode.
Example: • Optionally, enter the new hexadecimal value for the
rommon > confreg 0x2102 configuration register. The value range is from 0x0 to
0xFFFF.
• If you do not enter the value, the router prompts for
each bit of the 16-bit configuration register.

Examples
In the following example, the configuration register is set to boot the system image from flash memory:

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rommon 3 > confreg 0x2102

In the following example, no value is entered; therefore, the system prompts for each bit in the register:
rommon 4 > confreg

Configuration Summary
(Virtual Configuration Register: 0x2102)
enabled are:
load rom after netboot fails
console baud: 9600
boot: image specified by the boot system commands
or default to: cisco2-CISCOCGR2010/K9

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y

enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: y
enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: y
disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: y
enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: y
enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: y
enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: y
change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y
0=9600, 1=4800, 2=1200, 3=2400, 4=19200, 5=38400, 6=57600, 7=115200
enter rate [0]: 0
change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: y
enter to boot:
0 = ROM Monitor
1 = the boot helper image
2-15 = boot system
[2]: 0

Configuration Summary
(Virtual Configuration Register: 0xc440)
enabled are:
diagnostic mode
use net in IP bcast address
use all zero broadcast
break/abort has effect
ignore system config info
console baud: 9600
boot: the ROM Monitor

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: <cr>

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect
rommon 5 >

Obtaining Information on USB Flash Devices

This section describes how to obtain information on USB devices that are installed in the router. For
instructions on booting from a USB flash device, see the “Loading a System Image (boot)” section on
page 93.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. dir usbflash [x]:
2. dev

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 dir usbflash [x]: Displays the contents of the USB flash device, including
directories, files, permissions, and sizes.
Example: • 0—USB flash device inserted in port 0
rommon > dir usbflash1:
• 1—USB flash device inserted in port 1
Step 2 dev Shows the targeted USB flash devices that are inserted in
the router and the valid device names that may or may not
be currently inserted.
Example:
ROMMON > dev

Examples
Sample Output for the dir usbFlash Command
In some cases, you need to use the reset command first.
rommon 8 > dir usbflash:
Please reset before executing this command
rommon 9 > reset

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(20100226:194457) [petechiu-v150rm7 138], DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1994-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Total memory size = 1024 MB

Field Upgradeable ROMMON Integrity test
ROM: Digitally Signed Development Software
CGR-2010/K9 platform with 1048576 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 72
bit mode with ECC enabled

Upgrade ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 >
-------------

Upgrade ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 > dir usbflash:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80903000, size: 0x4c440
open(): Open Error = -1
dir: cannot open device "usbflash:"

Note The Cisco CGR 2010 in this example does not have USB flash.

Modifying the I/O Memory (iomemset)

This section describes how to modify the I/O memory percentage setting using the memory-size
iomemset command.

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Note Use the iomemset command only if it is needed for temporarily setting the I/O memory percentage from
ROM monitor mode. Using this command improperly can adversely affect the functioning of the router.

The Cisco IOS software can override the I/O memory percentage if the memory-size iomem command is
set in the NVRAM configuration. If the Cisco IOS command is present in the NVRAM configuration, the
I/O memory percentage set in the ROM monitor with the iomemset command is used only the first time
the router is booted up. Subsequent reloads use the I/O memory percentage set using the memory-size
iomem command that is saved in the NVRAM configuration.

If you need to set the router I/O memory permanently using a manual method, use the memory-size
iomem Cisco IOS command. If you set the I/O memory percentage from the Cisco IOS software, you
must restart the router for I/O memory to be properly set.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. iomemset i/o-memory percentage

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 iomemset i/o-memory percentage • Reallocates the percentage of DRAM used for I/O
memory and processor memory.
Example:
rommon> iomemset 15

Examples
In the following example, the percentage of DRAM used for I/O memory is set to 15:
rommon 2 > iomemset
usage: iomemset [smartinit | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 ]
rommon 3 >
rommon 3 > iomemset 15

Invoking this command will change the io memory percent

*****WARNING:IOS may not keep this value*****
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y

rommon 2 > meminfo

------------------------------------------
Current Memory configuration is:
On-board: Size = 1024 MB: Start Phy Addr = 0x00000000_00000000
-------------------------------------------------
Main memory size: 1024 MB in 72 bit mode.
Available main memory starts at 0x81000000, size 1032192KB
Smart Init is enabled.
NVRAM size: 256KB

Manufacturer's JEDEC ID code:

On-board:
rommon 3 >

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Upgrading of ROM Monitor command Using Cisco IOS

This section describes how to upgrade the ROM Monitor using Cisco IOS. The upgrade rom-monitor
command results in a power-on reset of the router and the CLI will ask if you want to continue. If you
answer yes, the CLI will proceed with the upgrade.
Router# upgrade rom-monitor ?
file the name of the SREC file
preference Select ROMMON to be booted on reload

Router# upgrade rom-monitor file ?

archive: SREC file to use
cns: SREC file to use
flash0: SREC file to use
flash1: SREC file to use
flash: SREC file to use
ftp: SREC file to use
http: SREC file to use
https: SREC file to use
null: SREC file to use
nvram: SREC file to use
pram: SREC file to use
rcp: SREC file to use
scp: SREC file to use
system: SREC file to use
tar: SREC file to use
tftp: SREC file to use
tmpsys: SREC file to use
xmodem: SREC file to use
ymodem: SREC file to use

Router# upgrade rom-monitor file flash:CGR2010_RM2_0227.srec?

flash:CGR2010_RM2_0227.srec

Router# upgrade rom-monitor file flash:CGR2010_RM2_0227.srec Platform Field Upgradeable

ROMMON LOAD test
RSA Signature Verification Passed ...
ROM: Digitally Signed Development Software

This command will result in a 'power-on reset' of the router!

Continue? [yes/no]: yes
ROMMON image upgrade in progress.
Erasing boot flash
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Programming boot flash pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp

Now Reloading

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(20100218:213341) [ypatel-cgs2010_RM2 109], DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1994-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Total memory size = 1024 MB

Running new upgrade for first time

System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(20100226:194457) [petechiu-v150rm7 138], DEVELOPMENT

SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1994-2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Total memory size = 1024 MB

Field Upgradeable ROMMON Integrity test
ROM: Digitally Signed Development Software

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CGR-2010/K9 platform with 1048576 Kbytes of main memory Main memory is configured to 72
bit mode with ECC enabled

Upgrade ROMMON initialized

rommon 1 >

Downloading the System Image (tftpdnld)

This section describes how to download a Cisco IOS software image from a remote TFTP server to the
router flash memory using the tftpdnld command in ROM monitor mode.

Caution Use the tftpdnld command only for disaster recovery because it can erase all existing data in flash
memory before it downloads a new software image to the router.

Before you can enter the tftpdnld command, you must set the ROM monitor environment variables.

Prerequisites
Connect the TFTP server to a fixed network port on your router.

Restrictions
• LAN ports on network modules or interface cards are not active in ROM monitor mode. Therefore,
only a fixed port on your router can be used for a TFTP download. Use a fixed Ethernet port on the
router that is either of the two Gigabit Ethernet ports on Cisco routers with those ports.
• You can only download files to the router. You cannot use the tftpdnld command to retrieve files
from the router.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. IP_ADDRESS=ip_address
2. IP_SUBNET_MASK=ip_address
3. DEFAULT_GATEWAY=ip_address
4. TFTP_SERVER=ip_address
5. TFTP_FILE=[directory-path/]filename
6. FE_PORT=[0 | 1]
7. FE_SPEED_MODE=[0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5]
8. GE_PORT=[0 | 1]
9. GE_SPEED_MODE=[0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5]
10. MEDIA_TYPE=[0 | 1]
11. TFTP_CHECKSUM=[0 | 1]
12. TFTP_DESTINATION=[flash: | usbflash0: | usbflash1:]
13. TFTP_MACADDR=MAC_address

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14. TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=retry_times
15. TFTP_TIMEOUT=time
16. TFTP_VERBOSE=setting
17. set
18. tftpdnld [-hr]
19. y

DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 IP_ADDRESS=ip_address Sets the IP address of the router.

Example:
rommon > IP_ADDRESS=172.16.23.32
Step 2 IP_SUBNET_MASK=ip_address Sets the subnet mask of the router.

Example:
rommon > IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.224
Step 3 DEFAULT_GATEWAY=ip_address Sets the default gateway of the router.

Example:
rommon > DEFAULT_GATEWAY=172.16.23.40
Step 4 TFTP_SERVER=ip_address Sets the TFTP server from which the software will be
downloaded.
Example:
rommon > TFTP_SERVER=172.16.23.33
Step 5 TFTP_FILE=[directory-path/]filename Sets the name and location of the file that will be
downloaded to the router.
Example:
rommon > TFTP_FILE=archive/rel22/c2801-i-mz
Step 6 FE_PORT=[0 | 1] (Optional) Sets the input port to use one of the Fast Ethernet
ports.
Example:
rommon > FE_PORT=0
Step 7 FE_SPEED_MODE=[0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4] (Optional) Sets the Fast Ethernet port speed mode, with
these options:
Example: • 0—10 Mbps, half-duplex
rommon > FE_SPEED_MODE=3
• 1—10 Mbps, full-duplex
• 2—100 Mbps, half-duplex
• 3—100 Mbps, full-duplex
• 4—Automatic selection (default)

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Command or Action Purpose

Step 8 GE_PORT=[0 | 1] (Optional) Sets the input port to use one of the Gigabit
Ethernet ports.
Example:
rommon > GE_PORT=0
Step 9 GE_SPEED_MODE=[0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5] (Optional) Sets the Gigabit Ethernet port speed mode, with
these options:
Example: • 0—10 Mbps, half-duplex
rommon > GE_SPEED_MODE=3
• 1—10 Mbps, full-duplex
• 2—100 Mbps, half-duplex
• 3—100 Mbps, full-duplex
• 4—1 Gbps, full-duplex
• 5—Automatic selection (default)
Step 10 MEDIA_TYPE=[0 | 1] (Optional) Sets the Gigabit Ethernet connection media type,
RJ-45 (0) or SFP (1). Small form-factor pluggable (SFP)
mode is applicable only if GE_PORT=0 (gig 0/0); RJ-45
Example:
rommon > MEDIA_TYPE=1
mode is available on both gig 0/0 and gig 0/1 (GE_PORT =
0 or 1).
Step 11 TFTP_CHECKSUM=[0 | 1] (Optional) Determines whether the router performs a
checksum test on the downloaded image.
Example: • 1—Checksum test is performed (default).
rommon > TFTP_CHECKSUM=0
• 0—No checksum test is performed.
Step 12 TFTP_DESTINATION=[flash: | usbflash0: | (Optional) Designates the targeted flash device as compact
usbflash1:] flash or USB flash.
• flash:—Compact flash device (default).
Example:
• usbflash0:—USB flash device inserted in port 0
rommon > TFTP_DESTINATION=usbflash0:
• usbflash1:—USB flash device inserted in port 1
Step 13 TFTP_MACADDR=MAC_address (Optional) Sets the Media Access Controller (MAC)
address for this router.
Example:
rommon > TFTP_MACADDR=000e.8335.f360
Step 14 TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=retry_times (Optional) Sets the number of times that the router attempts
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and TFTP download.
The default is 7.
Example:
rommon > TFTP_RETRY_COUNT=10
Step 15 TFTP_TIMEOUT=time (Optional) Sets the amount of time, in seconds, before the
download process times out. The default is 2400 seconds
(40 minutes).
Example:
TFTP_TIMEOUT=1800

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Command or Action Purpose

Step 16 TFTP_VERBOSE=setting (Optional) Configures how the router displays file
download progress, with these options:
Example: • 0—No progress is displayed.
rommon > TFTP_VERBOSE=2
• 1—Exclamation points (!!!) are displayed to indicate
file download progress. This is the default setting.
• 2—Detailed progress is displayed during the file
download process; for example:
Initializing interface.
Interface link state up.
ARPing for 1.4.0.1
ARP reply for 1.4.0.1 received.
MAC address 00:00:0c:07:ac:01
Step 17 set Displays the ROM monitor environment variables. Verify
that you correctly configured the ROM monitor
environment variables.
Example:
rommon > set
Step 18 tftpdnld [-h] [-r] Downloads the system image specified by the ROM monitor
environment variables.
Example: • Entering -h displays command syntax help text.
rommon > tftpdnld
• Entering -r downloads and boots the new software but
does not save the software to flash memory.
• Using no option (that is, using neither -h nor -r)
downloads the specified image and saves it in flash
memory.
Step 19 y Confirms that you want to continue with the TFTP
download.
Example:
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y

Examples
Sample Output for Recovering the System Image (tftpdnld)
rommon 16 > IP_ADDRESS=171.68.171.0
rommon 17 > IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.254.0
rommon 18 > DEFAULT_GATEWAY=171.68.170.3
rommon 19 > TFTP_SERVER=171.69.1.129
rommon 20 > TFTP_FILE=c2801-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q
rommon 21 > tftpdnld

IP_ADDRESS: 171.68.171.0
IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.254.0
DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 171.68.170.3
TFTP_SERVER: 171.69.1.129
TFTP_FILE: c2801-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q

Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!
Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y

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Receiving c2801-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q from 171.69.1.129 !!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!

File reception completed.
Copying file c2801-is-mz.113-2.0.3.Q to flash.
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000
program flash location 0x60440000
rommon 22 >

Sample Output for the set ROM Monitor Command

rommon 3 > set
PS1=rommon ! >
IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.0.0
TFTP_SERVER=223.255.254.254
DEFAULT_GATEWAY=15.1.0.1
IP_ADDRESS=15.1.28.21
BOOT=
GE_PORT=0
RTC_STAT=0
WARM_REBOOT=FALSE
TFTP_FILE=jruiz/cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SSA.151-0.17.T
LICENSE_BOOT_LEVEL=datak9,datak9:cgr2010;
?=1
CRASHINFO=flash:crashinfo_20070725-212015
RET_2_RTS=09:38:37 PST Fri Dec 4 2009
BSI=0
RET_2_RCALTS=
RANDOM_NUM=1201472235

What to Do Next
If you want to configure the router to load a specified image at the next system reload or power-cycle, see
the “Loading and Managing System Images” section in Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command
Reference.

Troubleshooting Crashes and Hangs (stack, context, frame, sysret, meminfo)

This section lists and describes some ROM monitor commands that can be used to troubleshoot router
crashes and hangs.
Most ROM monitor debug commands are functional only when the router crashes or hangs. If you enter a
debug command when crash information is not available, the following error message appears:
"xxx: kernel context state is invalid, can not proceed."

The ROM monitor commands in this section are all optional and can be entered in any order.

Router Crashes
A router or system crash is a situation in which the system detects an unrecoverable error and restarts
itself. The errors that cause crashes are typically detected by processor hardware, which automatically
branches to special error-handling code in the ROM monitor. The ROM monitor identifies the error, prints
a message, saves information about the failure, and restarts the system. For detailed information about
troubleshooting crashes, see Troubleshooting Router Crashes and Understanding Software-forced
Crashes.

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Router Hangs
A router or system hang is a situation in which the system does not respond to input at the console port or
to queries, such as Telnet and SNMP, sent from the network.
Router hangs occur when:
• The console does not respond
• Traffic does not pass through the router
Router hangs are discussed in detail in Troubleshooting Router Hangs.

ROM Monitor Console Communication Failure

Under certain configuration situations where there is improper configuration, it can be impossible to
establish a console connection with the router because of a speed mismatch or other incompatibility. The
most obvious symptom is a set of erroneous characters in the console display.
If a ROM monitor failure of this type occurs, you may need to change a jumper setting on the motherboard
so that the router can reboot for troubleshooting. Procedures for accessing the motherboard and jumper
locations are described in the installation of internal components section of the hardware installation
document for your router.
The jumper to be changed is DUART DFLT, which sets the console connection data baud rate to 9600,
regardless of user configuration. The jumper forces the data rate to an acceptable value.

Restrictions
Do not manually reload or power-cycle the router unless reloading or power cycling is required for
troubleshooting a router crash. System reload or power-cycle can cause important information that is
needed for determining the root cause of the problem to be lost.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. stack
or
k
2. context
3. frame [number]
4. sysret
5. meminfo

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 stack (Optional) Obtains a stack trace.
or • For detailed information on how to effectively use this
command in ROM monitor mode, see Troubleshooting
k
Router Hangs.

Example:
rommon > stack
Step 2 context (Optional) Displays the CPU context at the time of the fault.
• If it is available, the context from kernel mode and
Example: process mode of a loaded image is displayed.
rommon > context
Step 3 frame [number] (Optional) Displays an entire individual stack frame.
• The default is 0 (zero), which is the most recent frame.
Example:
rommon > frame 4
Step 4 sysret (Optional) Displays return information from the last booted
system image.
Example: • The return information includes the reason for
rommon > sysret terminating the image, a stack dump of up to eight
frames, and, if an exception is involved, the address at
which the exception occurred.
Step 5 meminfo [-l] (Optional) Displays memory information, including:
• Main memory size, starting address, and available
Example: range
rommon > meminfo
• Packet memory size
• NVRAM size
Alternatively, using the meminfo -l command provides
information on supported DRAM configurations for the
router.

Examples
This section provides the following examples:
• Sample Output for the stack ROM Monitor Command, page 109
• Sample Output for the context ROM Monitor Command, page 110
• Sample Output for the frame ROM Monitor Command, page 111
• Sample Output for the sysret ROM Monitor Command, page 111
• Sample Output for the meminfo ROM Monitor Command, page 111

Sample Output for the stack ROM Monitor Command

rommon 6> stack

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Kernel Level Stack Trace:

Initial SP = 0x642190b8, Initial PC = 0x607a0d44, RA = 0x61d839f8
Frame 0 : FP= 0x642190b8, PC= 0x607a0d44, 0 bytes
Frame 1 : FP= 0x642190b8, PC= 0x61d839f8, 24 bytes
Frame 2 : FP= 0x642190d0, PC= 0x6079b6c4, 40 bytes
Frame 3 : FP= 0x642190f8, PC= 0x6079ff70, 32 bytes
Frame 4 : FP= 0x64219118, PC= 0x6079eaec, 0 bytes

Process Level Stack Trace:

Initial SP = 0x64049cb0, Initial PC = 0x60e3b7f4, RA = 0x60e36fa8
Frame 0 : FP= 0x64049cb0, PC= 0x60e3b7f4, 24 bytes
Frame 1 : FP= 0x64049cc8, PC= 0x60e36fa8, 24 bytes
Frame 2 : FP= 0x64049ce0, PC= 0x607a5800, 432 bytes
Frame 3 : FP= 0x64049e90, PC= 0x607a8988, 56 bytes
Frame 4 : FP= 0x64049ec8, PC= 0x64049f14, 0 bytes

Sample Output for the context ROM Monitor Command

rommon 7> context
Kernel Level Context:
Reg MSW LSW | Reg MSW LSW
------ ---------- ---------- | ----- ---------- ----------
zero : 00000000 00000000 | s0 : 00000000 34018001
AT : 00000000 24100000 | s1 : 00000000 00000001
v0 : 00000000 00000003 | s2 : 00000000 00000003
v1 : 00000000 00000000 | s3 : 00000000 00000000
a0 : 00000000 0000002b | s4 : 00000000 64219118
a1 : 00000000 00000003 | s5 : 00000000 62ad0000
a2 : 00000000 00000000 | s6 : 00000000 63e10000
a3 : 00000000 64219118 | s7 : 00000000 63e10000
t0 : 00000000 00070808 | t8 : ffffffff e7400884
t1 : 00000000 00000000 | t9 : 00000000 00000000
t2 : 00000000 63e10000 | k0 : 00000000 00000000
t3 : 00000000 34018001 | k1 : 00000000 63ab871c
t4 : ffffffff ffff80fd | gp : 00000000 63c1c2d8
t5 : ffffffff fffffffe | sp : 00000000 642190b8
t6 : 00000000 3401ff02 | s8 : 00000000 6429274c
t7 : 00000000 6408d464 | ra : 00000000 61d839f8
HI : ffffffff e57fce22 | LO : ffffffff ea545255
EPC : 00000000 607a0d44 | ErrPC : ffffffff bfc05f2c
Stat : 34018002 | Cause : 00000020

Process Level Context:

Reg MSW LSW | Reg MSW LSW
------ ---------- ---------- | ----- ---------- ----------
zero : 00000000 00000000 | s0 : 00000000 6401a6f4
AT : 00000000 63e10000 | s1 : 00000000 00000000
v0 : 00000000 00000000 | s2 : 00000000 64049cf0
v1 : 00000000 00000440 | s3 : 00000000 63360000
a0 : 00000000 00000000 | s4 : 00000000 63360000
a1 : 00000000 00070804 | s5 : 00000000 62ad0000
a2 : 00000000 00000000 | s6 : 00000000 63e10000
a3 : 00000000 00000000 | s7 : 00000000 63e10000
t0 : 00000000 00000000 | t8 : ffffffff e7400884
t1 : 00000000 64928378 | t9 : 00000000 00000000
t2 : 00000000 00000001 | k0 : 00000000 644822e8
t3 : ffffffff ffff00ff | k1 : 00000000 61d86d84
t4 : 00000000 6079eee0 | gp : 00000000 63c1c2d8
t5 : 00000000 00000001 | sp : 00000000 64049cb0
t6 : 00000000 00000000 | s8 : 00000000 6429274c
t7 : 00000000 6408d464 | ra : 00000000 60e36fa8
HI : ffffffff e57fce22 | LO : ffffffff ea545255
EPC : 00000000 60e3b7f4 | ErrPC : ffffffff ffffffff
Stat : 3401ff03 | Cause : ffffffff

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Sample Output for the frame ROM Monitor Command

rommon 6 > frame 2
Stack Frame 2, SP = 0x642190d0, Size = 40 bytes
[0x642190d0 : sp + 0x000] = 0xffffffff
[0x642190d4 : sp + 0x004] = 0xbfc05f2c
[0x642190d8 : sp + 0x008] = 0xffffffff
[0x642190dc : sp + 0x00c] = 0xffffffff
[0x642190e0 : sp + 0x010] = 0x6401a6f4
[0x642190e4 : sp + 0x014] = 0x00000000
[0x642190e8 : sp + 0x018] = 0x64049cf0
[0x642190ec : sp + 0x01c] = 0x63360000
[0x642190f0 : sp + 0x020] = 0x63360000
[0x642190f4 : sp + 0x024] = 0x6079ff70

Sample Output for the sysret ROM Monitor Command

rommon 8> sysret
System Return Info:
count: 19, reason: user break
pc:0x801111b0, error address: 0x801111b0
Stack Trace:
FP: 0x80005ea8, PC: 0x801111b0
FP: 0x80005eb4, PC: 0x80113694
FP: 0x80005f74, PC: 0x8010eb44
FP: 0x80005f9c, PC: 0x80008118
FP: 0x80005fac, PC: 0x80008064
FP: 0x80005fc4, PC: 0xfff03d70
FP: 0x80005ffc, PC: 0x00000000
FP: 0x00000000, PC: 0x00000000

Sample Output for the meminfo ROM Monitor Command

rommon 2 > meminfo
------------------------------------------
Current Memory configuration is:
On-board: Size = 1024 MB: Start Phy Addr = 0x00000000_00000000
-------------------------------------------------
Main memory size: 1024 MB in 72 bit mode.
Available main memory starts at 0x81000000, size 1032192KB
Smart Init is enabled.
NVRAM size: 256KB

Manufacturer's JEDEC ID code:

On-board:
rommon 3 >

You can also use the meminfo -l command to show the supported DRAM configurations for the router.
The following is sample output for the command:

rommon 4 > meminfo -l

The following memory configs are supported:
-------------------------------------------------
On-board
-----------------
1024 MB
rommon 3 >

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Troubleshooting Tips
See the following documents:
• Troubleshooting Router Crashes
• Understanding Software-forced Crashes
• Troubleshooting Router Hangs

Exiting ROM Monitor Mode

This section describes how to exit ROM monitor mode and enter the Cisco IOS command-line interface
(CLI). The method that you use to exit ROM monitor mode depends on how your router entered ROM
monitor mode:
• If you reload the router and enter the Break key sequence to enter ROM monitor mode when the
router would otherwise have booted the system image, you can exit ROM monitor mode by doing
either of the following:
– Enter the i command or the reset command, which restarts the booting process and loads the
system image.
– Enter the cont command, which continues the booting process and loads the system image.
• If your router entered ROM monitor mode because it could not locate and load the system image,
perform the steps in the following procedure.

SUMMARY STEPS
1. dir flash: [directory]
2. boot flash: [directory] [filename]
or
boot filename tftpserver
or
boot [filename]

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DETAILED STEPS

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 dir flash:[directory] Displays a list of the files and directories in flash memory.
• Locate the system image that you want the router to
Example: load.
rommon > dir flash:
• If the system image is not in flash memory, use the
second or third option in Step 2.
Step 2 boot flash:[directory] [filename] In order, the examples here direct the router to:

or • Boot the first image or a specified image in flash

memory.
boot filename tftpserver
• Boot the specified image over the network from the
or specified TFTP server (hostname or IP address).
boot [filename] • Boot from the boothelper image because it does not
recognize the device ID. This form of the command is
used to netboot a specified image.
Example:
ROMMON > boot flash:myimage You can override the default boothelper image setting
by setting the BOOTLDR Monitor environment
variable to point to another image. Any system image
Example:
ROMMON > boot someimage 172.16.30.40
can be used for this purpose.
Note Options to the boot command are -x (load image but
do not execute) and -v (verbose).
Example:
ROMMON > boot

Examples
Sample Output for the dir flash: Command in ROM Monitor mode
rommon 2 > dir flash:
program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340
Directory of flash:

2 47089944 -rw- cgr2010-universalk9-mz.SSA.151-0.17.T

rommon 3 >

What to Do Next
If you want to configure the router to load a specified image at the next system reload or power-cycle, see
the “Loading and Managing System Images” section in Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command
Reference.

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Additional References

Additional References
The following sections provide references related to using the ROM monitor.

Related Documents

Related Topic Document Title

Connecting your PC to the router console port Hardware installation guide for your router
Break key sequence combinations for entering ROM Standard Break Key Sequence Combinations During Password
monitor mode within the first 60 seconds of rebooting Recovery
the router
Using the boot image (Rx-boot) to recover or upgrade How to Upgrade from ROMmon Using the Boot Image
the system image
Booting and configuration register commands Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference
Loading and maintaining system images; rebooting Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals and Network Management
Configuration Guide
Choosing and downloading system images Software Center at
http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/sw-center/index.shtml
Router crashes Troubleshooting Router Crashes
Understanding Software-forced Crashes
Router hangs Troubleshooting Router Hangs

Technical Assistance

Description Link
Technical Assistance Center (TAC) home page, http://www.cisco.com/public/support/tac/home.shtml
containing 30,000 pages of searchable technical
content, including links to products, technologies,
solutions, technical tips, and tools. Registered
Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access
even more content.1
1. You must have an account on Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at the login dialog
box and follow the instructions that appear.

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First Published: May 27, 2010, OL-20356-01

Last Updated: October 25, 2017

This document describes the 16-bit configuration register in NVRAM in the following sections:
• Platforms this Document Supports, page 115
• About the Configuration Register, page 115
• Changing the Configuration Register Settings, page 118
• Displaying the Configuration Register Settings, page 119
• Configuring the Console Line Speed (Cisco IOS CLI), page 119

Platforms this Document Supports

This document supports the Cisco Connected Grid Router 2010.

About the Configuration Register

The router has a 16-bit configuration register in NVRAM. Each bit has value 1 (on or set) or value 0 (off
or clear), and each bit setting affects the router behavior upon the next reload power cycle.
You can use the configuration register to:
• Force the router to boot into the ROM monitor (bootstrap program)
• Select a boot source and default boot filename
• Enable or disable the Break function
• Control broadcast addresses
• Recover a lost password
• Change the console line speed
Table 1 describes the configuration register bits.

Americas Headquarters:
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA

© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Changing the Configuration Register Settings
About the Configuration Register

Table 1 Configuration Register Bit Descriptions

Bit
Number Hexadecimal Meaning
00–03 0x0000–0x000F Boot field. The boot field setting determines whether the router loads an
operating system and where it obtains the system image.
See Table 2 for details.
06 0x0040 Causes the system software to ignore the contents of NVRAM.
07 0x0080 Original equipment manufacturer bit enabled.
08 0x0100 Controls the console Break key:
• (Factory default) Setting bit 8 causes the processor to ignore the
console Break key.
• Clearing bit 8 causes the processor to interpret Break as a command
to force the router into the ROM monitor mode, halting normal
operation.
Break can always be sent in the first 60 seconds while the router is
rebooting, regardless of the configuration register settings.
09 0x0200 This bit controls the system boot:
• Setting bit 9 causes the system to use the secondary bootstrap.
• (Factory default) Clearing bit 9 causes the system to boot from flash
memory.
• This bit is typically not modified.
10 0x0400 Controls the host portion of the IP broadcast address:
• Setting bit 10 causes the processor to use all zeros.
• (Factory default) Clearing bit 10 causes the processor to use all ones.
Bit 10 interacts with bit 14, which controls the network and subnet
portions of the IP broadcast address. See Table 3 on page 117 for the
combined effects of bits 10 and 14.
05, 11, 0x0020, Controls the console line speed. See Table 4 on page 118 for the eight
12 0x0800, 0x1000 available bit combinations and console line speeds.
Factory default is 9600 baud, where bits 5, 11, and 12 are all zero (clear).
Note You cannot change the console line speed configuration register
bits from the Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI). You can,
however, change these bits from the ROM monitor. Or, instead of
changing the configuration register settings, you can set the
console line speed through other Cisco IOS commands.
13 0x2000 Determines how the router responds to a network boot failure:
• Setting bit 13 causes the router to boot the default ROM software
after 6 unsuccessful network boot attempts.
• (Factory default) Clearing bit 13 causes the router to indefinitely
continue network boot attempts.

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Table 1 Configuration Register Bit Descriptions (continued)

Bit
Number Hexadecimal Meaning
14 0x4000 Controls the network and subnet portions of the IP broadcast address:
• Setting bit 10 causes the processor to use all zeros.
• (Factory default) Clearing bit 10 causes the processor to use all ones.
Bit 14 interacts with bit 10, which controls the host portion of the IP
broadcast address. See Table 3 on page 117 for the combined effect of
bits 10 and 14.
15 0x8000 Enables diagnostic messages and ignores the contents of NVRAM.

Table 2 on page 117 describes the boot field, which is the lowest four bits of the configuration register
(bits 3, 2, 1, and 0). The boot field setting determines whether the router loads an operating system and
where the router obtains the system image.

Table 2 Boot Field Configuration Register Bit Descriptions

Boot Field
(Bits 3, 2, 1, and 0) Meaning
0000 At the next power cycle or reload, the router boots to the ROM monitor (bootstrap
program). To use the ROM monitor, you must use a terminal or PC that is
(0x0)
connected to the router console port. For information about connecting the router to
a PC or terminal, see the Hardware Installation Guide for your router.
In ROM monitor mode, you must manually boot the system image or any other
image using the boot ROM monitor command.
0001 Boots the first image in flash memory as a system image.
(0x01)
0010 - 1111 At the next power cycle or reload, the router sequentially processes each boot
system command in global configuration mode that is stored in the configuration
(0x02 - 0xF)
file until the system boots successfully.
If no boot system commands are stored in the configuration file, or if executing
those commands is unsuccessful, then the router attempts to boot the first image file
in flash memory.

Table 3 shows how each setting combination of bits 10 and 14 affects the IP broadcast address.

Table 3 Broadcast Address Configuration Register Bit Combinations

Bit 10 Bit 14 Broadcast Address (<net> <host>)

0 0 <ones> <ones>
1 0 <ones> <zeros>
1 1 <zeros> <zeros>
0 1 <zeros> <ones>

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Changing the Configuration Register Settings

Table 4 shows the console line speed for each setting combination of bits 5, 11, and 12.

Table 4 Console Line Speed Configuration Register Bit Combinations

Console Line Speed

Bit 5 Bit 11 Bit 12 (baud)
1 1 1 115200
1 0 1 57600
1 1 0 38400
1 0 0 19200
0 0 0 9600
0 1 0 4800
0 1 1 2400
0 0 1 1200

Changing the Configuration Register Settings

You can change the configuration register settings from either the ROM monitor or the Cisco IOS CLI.
This section describes how to modify the configuration register settings from the Cisco IOS CLI.
To change the configuration register using the ROM monitor, see Chapter 1, “Using ROM Monitor”. To
change the configuration register settings from the Cisco IOS CLI, complete the following steps:

Step 1 Connect a terminal or PC to the router console port. If you need help, see the Hardware Installation
Guide for your router.
Step 2 Configure your terminal or terminal emulation software for 9600 baud (default), 8 data bits, no parity,
and 2 stop bits.
Step 3 Power on the router.
Step 4 If you are asked whether you would like to enter the initial dialog, answer no:
Would you like to enter the initial dialog? [yes]: no

After a few seconds, the user EXEC prompt (Router>) appears.

Step 5 Enter privileged EXEC mode by typing enable and, if prompted, enter your password:
Router> enable
Password: password
Router#

Step 6 Enter global configuration mode:

Router# configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line.

Edit with DELETE, CTRL/W, and CTRL/U; end with CTRL/Z

Step 7 To change the configuration register settings, enter the config-register value command, where value is
a hexadecimal number preceded by 0x:
Router(config)# config-register 0xvalue

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 Changing the Configuration Register Settings
Displaying the Configuration Register Settings

Note The Cisco IOS software does not allow you to change the console speed bits directly with the
config-register command. To change the console speed from the Cisco IOS CLI, see the
“Configuring the Console Line Speed (Cisco IOS CLI)” section on page 119.

Step 8 Exit global configuration mode:

Router(config)# end
Router#

Step 9 Save the configuration changes to NVRAM:

Router# copy run start
The new configuration register settings are saved to NVRAM, but they do not take effect until the next
router reload or power cycle.

Displaying the Configuration Register Settings

To display the configuration register settings that are currently in effect and the settings that will be used at
the next router reload, enter the show version command in privileged EXEC mode.
The configuration register settings are displayed in the last line of the show version command output:
Configuration register is 0x142 (will be 0x142 at next reload)

Configuring the Console Line Speed (Cisco IOS CLI)

The combined setting of bits 5, 11, and 12 determines the console line speed. You can modify these
particular configuration register bits only from the ROM monitor.
To change the configuration register using the ROM monitor, see Chapter 1, “Using ROM Monitor”.
To configure the console line speed from the Cisco IOS command-line interface, complete the following
steps:

Command or Action Purpose

Step 1 Router> enable Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if
Password: password prompted.
Router#
Step 2 Router# configure terminal Enters global configuration mode.
Router(config)#
Step 3 Router(config)# line console 0 Specifies the console line and enters line configuration
Router(config-line)# mode.
Step 4 Router(config-line)# speed baud Specifies the console line speed. Possible values (in
baud): 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600,
115200.

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 Changing the Configuration Register Settings
Configuring the Console Line Speed (Cisco IOS CLI)

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 I N D E X

removing directories 82
A
renaming files 80
adequate flash memory to upgrade 59 requirements and restrictions 75
advanced CompactFlash memory 2 viewing file content 78
assigning an interface IP address 16 configuration example 52
auxiliary line configuration 24 configuration examples
auxiliary port, for dial backup 49 dynamic routes 42
EIGRP 44
static route 41
B
configuration register
backing up startup configuration 57 changing settings 118
backing up startup configuration file 27 configuring
baud rate auxiliary line 24
setting for console terminal 118 bridging 39
bridging, configuring 39 command-line access 39
default route 19
dynamic routes 42
C
EIGRP, IP 43 to 44
choosing Cisco IOS release 56 enable password 13
Cisco Configuration Professional Express 5, 11 enable secret password 13
Cisco IOS Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 36
choosing release 56 global parameters 35

downloading images 57 GRP 43

upgrading image 57 hostname 12
command-line access configuration 39 interface cards 37
commands interface description 16
exec-timeout 16 IP EIGRP 43 to 44
CompactFlash loopback interface 37 to 38
creating directories 81 modules 37
deleting files 80 privileged EXEC timeout 15
formatting 76 RIP 42
managing directories 81 RIP routes 42
online insertion/removal 76 static routes 40

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 Index

timeout 16
F
virtual terminal lines 22
console failover redundancy 47
USB 2 fiber connection
console port, for dial backup 49 SFP/gigabit ethernet port 2
copper connection finding the IOS version 56
SFP/gigabit ethernet port 2 flash memory, adequate to upgrade 59
copying CompactFlash files 77 formatting CompactFlash 76
copying image using ROM monitor 64
creating CompactFlash directories 81
G

gateway of last resort 20

D
Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, configuring 36

default Gigabit Ethernet ports 4

configuration, viewing 34 global parameters, setting up 35

network 20 grid router WAN interface cards

route configuration 19 router slots 2

routes 20 GRP configuration 43

deleting files from CompactFlash 80

dial backup
H
configuring 49
displaying CompactFlash file content 78 hostname configuration 12
displaying CompactFlash platform support status and
errors 78
downloading Cisco IOS images 57 I
DRAM, adequate for upgrading 59 initial configuration setup 5
dynamic routes
integrated routing and bridging configuration 19
configuration 42
interface card
configuration example 42
configuration 37
configuring 42
interface description configuration 16
interface IP address assignment 16
36
E interface port labels
IP routing 19
EIGRP configuration example 44
enable password configuration 13
enable secret password configuration 13 L

loading new system IOS image 67

loopback interface, configuring 37 to 38

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 Index

renaming CompactFlash files 80

M
RIP
managing CompactFlash directories 81 configuring 42
memory RIP route configuration 42
advanced CompactFlash 2 ROM monitor, coping image 64
module configuration 37 router, monitoring internal temperature 29
modules router slots 2
router slots 2 RS232 ports 4
monitoring internal router temperature 29

S
N
saving router configuration 27
network connectivity verification 26 setup, initial 5
new system IOS image, loading 67 SFP/gigabit ethernet port
copper 2
fiber 2
O
SFP-GE port 47
online insertion/removal of CompactFlash 76 show version command 56
slots 3
software upgrades, IOS 56
P startup configuration, backing up 57

parameters, setting up global 35 static route configuration 40

port static routes

SFP-GE 47 configuration 40

port labels for interfaces 36 configuration example 41

ports configuring 40

Gigabit Ethernet 4
RS232 4
T
USB 4
privileged EXEC timeout configuration 15 Tables
configuration register settings for boot field 117
TFTP, upgrading 62
R timeout, disabling 16

RCP, upgrading 62
release
U
new features 2
remote management, configuring 49 upgrading, adequate DRAM 59

removing CompactFlash directories 82 upgrading Cisco IOS image 57

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 Index

upgrading IOS software 56

USB
console 2
ports 4
using RCP to upgrade 62
using ROM monitor to copy image 64
using TFTP to upgrade 62

verifying
IP EIGRP configuration 44
network connectivity 26
RIP routing configuration 43
static route configuration 41
virtual terminal line configuration 22

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