PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN

CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION

Multiple Choice Question

Instruction : For Question 1 to Question 10, each question is followed by four options. A, B,
C and D. Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space
in your answer sheet.

7.1: The Respiratory Process in Energy Production

1. Which of the following are true about anaerobic respiration in animal ?
A C6H12 O6  2C3H603 + energy
B C6H 12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + energy
C 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy  C6H 12 O6 + 6CO2
D C6H 12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

2. The equation above is glucose fermentation by yeasts

zimase
Glucose R + S + energy

What is R and S?
A Ethanol and Oxygen
B Lactic acid and Oxygen
C Ethanol and Carbon dioxide
D Lactic acid and Carbon dioxide

3. What are the end products of aerobic respiration in green plants?

I Oxygen
II Ethanol
III Carbon dioxide
IV Water

A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D III and IV

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4. Which statement about ATP is not true?

A It has low energy
B It is a fast source of energy
C It is formed in the mitochondria
D It is energy that is produced from the break-down of glucose

5. Which of the following statement about respiration is true?

A Respiration occurs only in the day time
B Only plants carry out respiration
C Internal respiration involves the oxidation of food
D Respiration occurs only at night

6. Which of the following are true about aerobic and anaerobic respiration in yeasts?
I Breakdown of glucose
II Formation of ATP molecules
III Catalysed by enzymes
IV Production of carbondioxide

A I and II only
B I, II and IV only
C I , III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV

7. Which is not true about ATP?

A Has a low energy
B A fast source of energy
C Formed in the mitochondria
D Energy that is produced from the breakdown of glucose

8. Which of the following is true about respiration?

A Only plants carry out respiration
B Respiration occurs only in the day time
C In plants, respiration occurs only at night
D Cell respiration involves the oxidation of food

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7.2 : The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanism in Humans and Animals.
9. Diagram 7.1 shows an organism with a different respiratory system than human.

DIAGRAM 7.1

Which of the following statements about the organism is true ?

A The breathing system is made up of trachea
B Blood flows in the blood vessels
C Blood is pumped into the tracheal system
D Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood mix in the haemocoele

10. Which of the following statements on the intercostal muscles is not true ?
A They lie in between the ribs
B They help to enlarge the thoracic cavity
C They assist in breathing
D They cause the rib to expand

11. Which of the following paths does a molecule of carbon dioxide take as it leaves the
body?
A Alveolus bronchiole bronchus trachea
B Alveolus bronchus bronchiole trachea
C Trachea bronchus bronchiole alveolus
D Bronchiole bronchus alveolus trachea

12. Diagram 7.2 shows a simple wooden parallelogram model to illustrate the breathing
mechanism in human.

DIAGRAM 7.2

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What processes occur to change from position P to Q ?

I External intercostal muscles contracts
II In ternal intercostal muscles relax
III Ribcage is pushed downwards and inwards
IV Exhalation occurs

A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I , II and III only
D I , II , III and IV

13. Diagram 7.3 shows the longitudinal section of a thorax viewed from the side.

DIAGRAM 7.3

During the breathing process, which of the following occurs when the diaphragm is arch
shaped?
External intercostal Ribcage Movement of air
muscles
A Relax Moves downwards and Air forced out of the
inwards lungs
B Relax Moves upwards and Air forced out of the
outwards lungs
C Contract Moves downwards and Air sucked into the lungs
inwards
D Contract Moves upwards and Air sucked into the lungs
outwards

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7.3 : Gaseous Exchange across the Surfaces and Transport of Gaseous in Humans
14. Diagram 7.4 shows the structure for gaseous exchange.

Diagram 7.4

Which of the following are its characteristics ?

I Always moist
II Thin and permeable
III Has a large surface area
IV Complete with main blood vessel
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D III and IV only

15. Which of the following statement is true ?

A Partial pressure of O2 is higher air than in the pulmonary artery
B Partial pressure of O2 is higher in muscle cells than in surrounding capillaries
C Partial pressure of CO2 is higher in the pulmonary vein than in the pulmonary
artery
D Partial CO2 is higher in alveolar air than in the pulmonary artery

16. Diagram 7.5 shows exchange of respiratory gases in the lungs and at body cells.

DIAGRAM 7.5

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Which of the following is true?

In the alveolus In the body cells

Partial pressure Partial pressure of Partial pressure of Partial pressure

of O2 CO2 O2 of CO2

A High Low High Low

B Low High Low High
C High Low Low High
D Low High High Low

17. A student exhaled air several times onto a piece of dry cobalt chloride paper. He
noticed that the paper changed from blue to pink. Another piece of dry cobalt chloride
paper that have been placed in an open Petri dish remained blue for the duration of the
experiment (1 minute).
What is the conclusion of the experiment?
A Exhaled air contains more oxygen than inhaled air
B Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide than inhaled air
C Exhaled air contains more water vapour than inhaled air
D Exhaled air contains more heat energy than inhaled air

18. Diagram 7.6 shows the arrangement of equipment required to measure the gaseous
content of air.

DIAGRAM 7.6

Length of exhaled air column = 10.0 cm

Length of ehhaled air column after

treatment with potassium hydroxide = 9.6 cm

Length of ehhaled air column after

treatment with potassium pyrogallate = 8.5` cm

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What is the percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air?

A 4.2 %
B 8.5 %
C 11.0 %
D 21.0 %

19. Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of respiration in man?
A. Exercise
B. Food
C. High attitudes
D. Fear

7.4 : The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration

20. Which of the following graphs show the changes in concentration of lactic acid in
muscles during and 10 minutes after vigorous activities?

21. What are the changes in skeletal muscles when an athlete is running a 400 metre race?
Glycogen ATP Lactic acid
A Decreased Increased Decreased
B Decreased Decreased Increased
C Increased Increased Decreased
D Increased Decreased Increased

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22. When a person lives at high altitudes for a long time, he becomes acclimatized to the
low partial pressure of oxygen by increasing the
I total number of red blood cells
II total haemoglobin content
III ventilation rate
IV rate of heart beat

A III and IV
B I,II and III
C I,II and IV
D I,II,III and I

23. Which of the following statements are true when a person run 400 metres race?
I The rate of heart beat increase
II Anaerobic respiration occurs in the skeletal muscles
III Lactic acid accumulates in the lungs
IV There is an oxygen debt

A I,II and III only

B I,II and IV only
C II,III and IV only
D I,II,III and IV only

24. The graph below shows the changes in lung air pressure during inhalation and exhalation.

. Air pressure in
the lungs (mm Hg)

765
P Q

760

R S

755

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Time/sec

Which part represents the time when the rib bone starts moving upwards?

A P
B Q
C R
D S

25. Which factor is most effective increasing the rate of breathing in human?
A Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood which results in more
carbonic acid and decreased in blood pH
B Increased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
C Decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
D Decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

7.5 The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System

26. What are the harmful effects of smoking?

I Higher risk of having a child who suffers from down syndrome
II Causes emphysema
III Increases the risk of heart attacks and stroke
IV Higher risk of getting lung cancer

A I and II only
B I,III and IV only
C II,III and IV
D I,II, III and IV

27. Which of the following substances is a respiratory poison?

A Magnesium
B Chloride
C Cyanide
D Calcium

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7.6 Respiration in Plants

28. Diagram 7.7 shows three tubes contained an equal volume of hydrogen carbonate
indicator solution which had been created

.
DIAGRAM 7.7

What will be the color of the indicator solution after two hours ?

M N O
A
Yellow Yellow Red
B
Red Yellow Purplish red
C
D Red Red Yellow

Purplish red Red Yellow

29. Which of the following information is true for both photosynthesis and respiration?

Photosynthesis Aerobic respiration

A
Cell that carries out the Cell with chloroplast All type of living cells
process
B
Condition at which Presence of light Absence of light
process takes place
C
substrate Water and carbon Glucose
dioxide
D
Products Glucose, oxygen and Carbon dioxide, ethanol
water and energy

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30. Which of the following is not true of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration that occur in
a green plant?

Photosynthesis Aerobic respiration

A Occurs only in photosynthesis cell Occurs in all living cells

B Water and carbon dioxide are Glucose and oxygen are requared
requared

C Glucose and oxygen are produced Carbon dioxide, water and energy are
released

D Occurs during the day Occurs during the night

31. How do plants carry out gaseous exchange between their living cell sand the
surrounding?
I Through the stomata pores
II Through the lenticels
III Through the cork layer of the stem
IV Through the cells wall of young root tips

A. I,II and III only

B. I, II and IV only
C. II,III and IV only
D. I, II, III and IV only

32. Which of the following strategy is meant to increase the efficiency of gas exchange in
plants?
A Having a large number of leaves
B More stomata in the upper epidermis
C Having the intercellular spaces filled with fluid
D Dropping the old leaves

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Structured Items

7.1: The Respiratory Process in Energy Production

1. Cell respiration occurs in both plants and animals. This process can generally be
represented by the following equation :

(a) The above equation shows that oxygen is used for cell respiration. So, when an
animal is actively running, its rate of inhalation and exhalation increases.
Explain why does the rate of heart beat also increases?

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]
(b) (i) What is the form of energy temporarily stored during tissue
respiration before it is used by muscles? [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Besides energy, what are the end products of anaerobic respiration in
plants and animals? [2 marks]
………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

(c) Why does an animal continue to have a high rate of respiration even at the end

of a vigorous exercise? [3 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………...…

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(d) State 3 characteristics of the alveoli which ensure efficient gaseous

exchange. [3 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) The trachea and bronchii in mammals have rings of cartilage in their walls.
Why are these cartilage rings necessary? [2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

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7.2 : The Respiratory Structures and Breathing Mechanism in Humans and

Animals.
2. Diagram 7.8 shows the arrangement of some organs in the thoracic region of
human.

Diagram 7.8

(a) (i) Name the part labelled P and state its function. (1 marks)
………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Name the tissue Q found in the trachea and state its function.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

(iii) Name the part labelled R and state its function. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………..

(b) (i) Name the process by which the exchange of gases occurs in

the alveoli. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………...

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(c) State two ways in which smoking can decrease the efficiency of the human
respiratory system. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

3. Diagram 7.9 shows the respiratory organ A and B.

Organ A Organ B
Figure 3

ORGAN A ORGAN B
DIAGRAM 7.9

(a) Name organ A and organ B. (2 marks)

Organ A: ………………………………………………………

Organ B : ………………………………………………………

(b) Draw and label the respiratory surfaces of X and Y. (4 marks)

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(c) Explain four characteristics of the respiratory structure X and

structure Y that enable gaseous exchange to be carried out efficiently
in the respiratory organs. (4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

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(d) Explain how microorganism carry out respiration without specialized

respiratory structure. ( 2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………

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7.3 : Gaseous Exchange across the Surfaces and Transport of Gaseous in

Humans

4. Diagram 7.10 shows gaseous exchange in the lungs and tissues in humans.

Red blood cell

Blood
capillary
Body cells

Diagram 7.10

(a) (i) Name Y which is found in the lungs. [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name two characteristics of Y which makes it efficient for

gaseous exchange. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

(b) (i) Name the substance in red blood cells that help in the transport

of oxygen. [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name the mineral found in the substance in (b)(i). [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………….

(c) In what form is carbon dioxide transported in the blood plasma to the

lungs? [1 mark]

..................................................................................................................

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(d) M and N are physical processes that occur during gaseous exchange.
Name M and N. [2 marks]

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..

(e) What happens to carbon monoxide when it is absorbed into the

blood? [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………..

(f) When there is lack of oxygen, what is produced from cellular

respiration in human body cells? [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………

(g) Smoking can damage lungs. Name two substances which can be
found in cigarette smoke. [2 marks]
…………………………………………………………………………………

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7.4 : The Regulatory Mechanism in Respiration

5. Diagram 7.11 shows the changes of the lactic acid concentration in a man’s blood
during and after vigorous exercise.
Lactic acid concentration in blood
( mg/ 100 cm3 blood )

X Y

DIAGRAM 7.11

(a) Explain the changes that occur during stage X.

[3 marks]
Time (minute)
8 minutes of
…………………………………………………………………………………
vigorous activity

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

(b) (i) Based on Diagram 7.7, when will the lactic acid concentration level return

to normal level during stage Y? [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Explain what happen to the excess lactic acid? [2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………. …………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………

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(c) Write the chemical equation of respiration which produces lactic acid.
[1 mark]
………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Diagram 7.12 shows a regulating mechanism of oxygen and carbon

dioxide content in the body.

DIAGRAM 7.12

Based on Diagram 5.2, explain how the heart beat and breathing rates increase
after vigorous exercise. [4 marks]
………………………………………………………………………………………….….

………………………………………………………………………………….………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………….

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…………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………….

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……………………………………………………………………………………………..

7.5 The Importance of Maintaining a Healthy Respiratory System

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6. Diagram 7.13 shows the apparatus used to investigate the effects of smoking on
white cotton wool and bicarbonate indicator solution.

Diagram 7.13

(a) What does the glass U-tube represent? [1 mark]

…………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) What would be the thermometer reading after cigarette has been
completely burnt? [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) State the effect of the cigarette smoke on [2 marks]

(i) the white cotton wool in the U-tube,
……………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) the bicarbonate indicator solution
……………………………………………………………………………..

(d) (i) Name two carcinogenic substances contain in the cigarette.

[2 marks]
……………………………………………………………………………...

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(ii) Explain how these substances can cause cancer. [3 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………...…….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………..………..

…………………………………………………………………………………....

(e) State three harmful effects of smoking. [3 marks]

……………………………………………………………………...…………………….

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Essay Items

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1 (a) Explain how energy is released during respiration. [4

marks]
(b) Yeast is capable of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
State the comparison between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in yeast.
[6 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.15 shows an athlete is running in track. Diagram 7.16 shows oxygen
debt graph

DIAGRAM 7.15 DIAGRAM 7.16

Based on the above diagram and graph, explain the production of energy by the
body of the athlete. [10 marks]

2 (a) The mechanism of inspiration in the human body is an active process and
expiration is a passive process.
Describe how inspiration and expiration occur in human body.
[10 marks]

(b) Explain how an oxygen debt is built up when an athlete is running a 400 metres
race and how it is repair after the race.

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[10 marks]

3. (a) Describe gaseous exchange in

(i) Insects

(ii) Flowering plants [ 10 marks ]

(b) Compare the respiratory surface of an insect with that of a flowering plant.
[ 6 marks ]
(c) Describe the path of an oxygen molecule from the atmosphere to the heart.
[ 4 marks ]

4 (a) Diagram 7.17 shows the longitudinal section through the thorax of a man.

DIAGRAM 7.17
Describe briefly the mechanism of breathing in man. In your answer, describe
the parts played by the
(i) diaphragm
(ii) intercostals muscles and ribs, and
(iii) alveoli
[ 10 marks ]

(b) Explain, with the help of a labelled diagram, how gaseous exchanges between human
alveolus and blood capillaries in the lungs occur.
How is the respiratory surface adapted for this process?

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[ 10 marks ]

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