AWC STD355 2018WFCMWorkbook 181206 PDF

DESIGNING FOR NEW ASCE 7-16 WIND LOADS PER THE
2018 WFCM (STD355)

John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E.
Vice President, Technology Transfer
American Wood Council
Description
The Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM) for One- and Two-Family Dwellings (ANSI/AWC
WFCM-2018) is referenced in the 2018 International Building Code (IBC) and 2018 International
Residential Code (IRC). The 2018 WFCM uses gravity and lateral loads based on ASCE 7-16 Minimum
Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures which includes increased
components and cladding roof wind loads. Design of Wood Frame Buildings for High Wind, Snow,
and Seismic Loads (2018 WFCM Workbook) includes a design example, helpful checklist, and
background information for design of a wood-frame structure in accordance with the 2018 WFCM.
Using plans from a 2-story residence, a structure is prescriptively designed to resist high wind,
seismic, and typical residential gravity loads. This webinar will deal specifically with design of roof
systems, and appropriate connections between roof, floor, wall, and foundations to maintain load
path for wind uplift. New shear wall aspect ratio limits for wind will also be examined. Participants
are strongly encouraged to view the free recorded webinar Significant Changes to the
2018 WFCM (STD350) prior to this webinar.
Learning Objectives
1. Describe changes to the 2018 WFCM and their impact
2. Evaluate new roof wind provisions based on ASCE 7-16
3. Recognize the addition of deformed-shank fasteners and other criteria to address new wind load provisions
4. Design with new 2018 WFCM shear wall aspect ratio limits for wind
1
This presentation is protected by US and International
Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use
of the presentation without written permission of AWC is
prohibited.
© American Wood Council 2018
American Wood Council • This course is registered with AIA

# 50111237 CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not
Designing for New ASCE 7-16 Wind include content that may be
Loads per the 2018 WFCM (STD355) deemed or construed to be an
Course #: STD355L & STD355OD approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of
John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E. construction or any method or
December 6, 2018 manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any
• Credit(s) earned on
material or product.
completion of this course will
be reported to AIA CES for
AIA members. Certificates of
Completion for both AIA • Questions related to specific
materials, methods, and services will
members and non-AIA
be addressed at the conclusion of this
members are available upon presentation.
request.
2
Polling Question
ϭ͘What is your profession?
a) Architect
b) Engineer
c) Code Official
d) Fire^ĞƌǀŝĐĞ
e) Builder/Manufacturer/Other
3
Course Outline
• Code Acceptance of Standards Discussed
• Background on Design Loads – ASCE/SEI 7-16 C&C Wind Loads
• Design Example Parameters
• Prescriptive Provisions – Wood Frame Solutions
Reference Material
4
Reference Codes and Standards
• 2012 WFCM → 2012 IRC/IBC
• 2015 WFCM → 2015 IRC/IBC
• 2018 WFCM → 2018 IRC/IBC
• 2018 WFCM References

o ASCE/SEI 7-16
o 2018 NDS
o 2015 SDPWS
5
Polling Question
Ϯ͘Have you ever used the WFCM to design all or part of
a residential structure?
a) Yes
b) No
6
Polling Question
ϯ͘Have you used the WFCM to design non-res buildings
per IBC 2309?
a) Yes
b) No
7
ASCE/SEI 7-16 Wind Load Changes
C&C Loads
• Increase in hurricane regions
• Larger area edge roof zones
• Interior roof zone pressures increase most
8
ASCE/SEI 7-16 Wind Load Changes (cont’d)
C&C Roof Coefficients (suction)
C&C Roof Overhang Coefficients (suction)
9
2018
E D I T I O N
WFCM
®
WOOD
WOOD FRAME
FRAMECONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTIONMANUAL
MANUAL
®
for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
WORKBOOK
DESIGN OF WOOD FRAME BUILDINGS FOR
HIGH WIND, SNOW, AND SEISMIC LOADS
AMERICAN
WOOD
APPROVED
AUGUST 7, 2017 COUNCIL
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FOREWORD
This Wood Frame Construction Manual stress design. See the AWC website (www.awc.org)
Workbook (WFCM Workbook) provides a design for an in-depth overview of the WFCM.
example and typical checklist related to design of a While building codes (and the WFCM) are
wood-frame structure in accordance with the organized based on the construction sequence
American Wood Council’s (AWC) Wood Frame (foundation to roof), this design example is
Construction Manual (WFCM) for One- and Two- organized based on the typical design sequence
Family Dwellings, 2018 Edition. The design (roof to foundation).
example uses plans from a 2-story residence Special effort has been made to assure that the
designed to resist high wind, seismic, and snow information presented in this document reflects the
loads. All three loading conditions are evaluated in state of the art. However, the American Wood
this example to show the broad range of the WFCM Council does not assume responsibility for
applicability. The authority having jurisdiction particular designs or calculations prepared from this
should be consulted for applicable load conditions. publication.
The design example is based primarily on AWC invites and welcomes comments,
prescriptive provisions found in Chapter 3 of the inquiries, and suggestions relative to the provisions
WFCM. References to tables and section numbers of this document.
are for those found in the 2018 WFCM, unless noted
otherwise. Additional engineering provisions or American Wood Council
alternate solutions are provided where necessary.
All loads and resistances are based on allowable
The design example is based in part on AWC’s Colonial Homes Idea House in Williamsburg, VA designed by nationally
acclaimed architect William E. Poole. The house was opened to the public in June 1995 and was featured in the October
1995 issue of Colonial Homes magazine.
The colonial style home featured both traditional and modern wood applications. The façade replicates an historic home in
Connecticut. Clad in southern pine siding, the house had glulam door headers, oak floors, and antiqued wood kitchen
cabinets. But what caught visitors’ attention most were the intricate wood moldings throughout the house and the inlaid
wood design bordering the foyer floor.
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EFFECTIVE USE OF THE WFCM WORKBOOK
The following key explains the color code and nomenclature used throughout the WFCM Workbook.
Value Indicates “value” may be used for design – could include multiple options.
Value Bold font indicates “value” controls design.
OK Indicates “value” meets design criteria.
NG Indicates “value” does not meet design criteria.
Indicates significant change to 2018 WFCM Workbook vs. 2015 WFCM Workbook.
For ease of reference, Tables created in the WFCM Workbook are numbered to correspond with the respective section in
which they are located. All table numbers are preceded by a capital “W” (e.g. Table W4.4) to distinguish them from Tables
which are referenced in the WFCM (e.g. Table 3.15).
Abbreviations used in the WFCM Workbook

• 1F – one floor (for calculating loads)
• 2F – two floors (for calculating loads)
• C – ceiling (for calculating loads)
• DFL – Douglas Fir-Larch
• FHS – full height stud
• HF – Hem-Fir
• L – lateral load or header span
• NFH – number of full height studs
• NP – not permitted
• OH – overhang
• PSW – perforated shear wall
• R – roof (for calculating loads)
• S – shear load
• SP – Southern Pine
• SPF – Spruce-Pine-Fir
• SDPWS – Special Design provisions for Wind and Seismic
• SSW – segmented shear wall
• U – uplift load (not overturning)
• w – unit lateral load per linear foot
• WSP – wood structural panel
• Z – connection lateral design value
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Table of Contents
Part Title Page
I General Information .............................................. 1
II Roof Story Design ................................................ 13
III Second Story Design ............................................ 33
IV First Story Design ................................................. 53
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GENERAL
INFORMATION
Building Description ..............................................2

Loads on the Building ............................................4
WFCM Applicability Limitations ........................5
Prescriptive Design Limitations............................6
Load Paths ..............................................................7
Checklist..................................................................8
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BUILDING DESCRIPTION
Figure 1: Isometric view (roof overhangs not shown).
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BUILDING DESCRIPTION
North
Wall Heights = 9' Windows

Finished Grade to Foundation Top = 1' Typical 3'x4'-6"
Floor Assembly Height = 1' Foyer 6'x4'-6"
Roof Pitch = 7:12 Kitchen 4'x4'-6"
House Mean Roof Height = 24.7' Bath 4'x6'
Roof Overhangs = 2' Doors
Building Length (L) = 40' Typical 3'x7'-6"
Building Width (W) = 32' Foyer 6'x7'-6"
Top plate to ridge height = 9.3' Kitchen 9'x7'-6"
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LOADS ON THE BUILDING

Structural systems in the WFCM 2018 Edition have been sized using dead, live, snow, seismic and wind loads in accordance
with ASCE/SEI 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. Provisions of the
2018 International Residential Code (IRC) are referenced as needed.
Lateral Loads:
Wind:
3-second gust wind speed in Exposure Category B (700 yr. return) = 160 mph
Seismic:
Simplified Procedure (ASCE 7-16 Section 12.14)
Seismic Design Category (SDC) – (ASCE 7-16 Section 11.6 and IRC Subcategory) = D1
Vertical force distribution factor (F) – (ASCE 7-16 Section 12.14.8.1) = 1.2
Gravity Loads*:
Roof: Floors:
Roof Dead Load = 10 psf First Floor Live Load = 40 psf
Ground Snow Load, Pg = 30 psf Second Floor Live Load = 30 psf
Roof Live Load = 20 psf Attic Floor Live Load = 30 psf
Floor Dead Load = 10 psf
Ceiling:
Roof Ceiling Load = 10 psf
Walls:
*Assumptions vary for wind and seismic dead loads Wall Dead Load = 11 psf
Deflection limits per 2018 IRC
Roof Rafters with flexible Ceiling Attached L/Δ = 240

Roof Rafters with no Ceiling Attached L/Δ = 180
Raised Ceiling Joists with flexible finish L/Δ = 240
Floor Joists L/Δ = 360
Exterior Studs (gypsum interior) H/Δ = 180
Note: See comparable deflection limits in 2018 IBC

section 2308 for joists and rafters.
2018 International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family

Dwellings, International Code Council, Inc., Washington, DC.
Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org d. Deflection for exterior walls with interior gypsum board finish shall
be limited to an allowable deflection of H/180.
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WFCM APPLICABILITY LIMITATIONS

The following table is used to determine whether the building geometry is within the applicability limitations of the WFCM.
Conditions not complying with the limitations shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineer practice (see WFCM
1.1.3).
Table W1.1 Applicability Limitations

Attribute Limitation Design Case 
BUILDING DIMENSIONS
Mean Roof Height (MRH) maximum 33' 24.7' 

Number of Stories maximum 3 3 
Building Dimension (L or W) maximum 80' 40' 
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PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN LIMITATIONS

The following table is used to determine whether the building geometry is within the applicability limitations of the WFCM
Chapter 3 prescriptive provisions. Conditions not complying with the limitations shall be designed in accordance with
WFCM Chapter 2 (see WFCM 3.1.3).
Table W1.2 Prescriptive Design Limitations

Design
Element Attribute Limitation 
Case
FLOOR SYSTEMS (3.1.3.2)
Joist Span 26' 16' 
Lumber Joist Spacing 24" 16" 
Joists Cantilevers/Setback - Supporting loadbearing walls d N/A 
Cantilevers - Supporting non-loadbearing walls L/4 N/A 
Vertical Floor Offset df N/A 
Table 3.16B Lmin=12.5' and L=40'
Floor Floor Diaphragm Aspect Ratio Lmax=74' (interpolated); Table L=25.5' 
Diaphragms 3.16C1 Lmax=80' (attic)
Lesser of 12' or 50% of
Floor Diaphragm Openings
Diaphragm Dimension
12' 
WALL SYSTEMS (3.1.3.3)
Loadbearing Wall Height 10' 9' 
Wall Studs Non-Loadbearing Wall Height 20' 18.3' 
Wall Stud Spacing 24" 16" 
Shear Wall Line Offset 4' 0 
Shear Walls Shear Wall Story Offset No offset unless per Exception 0 
Shear Wall Segment Aspect Ratio 3½:1 (WSP) 2:1 (Gypsum) 3:1 
ROOF SYSTEMS (3.1.3.4)
Rafter Span (Horizontal Projection) 26' 16' 
Rafter Spacing 24" 16" 
Lumber
Rafters
Eave Overhang Length Lesser of 2' or rafter length/3 2' 
Rake Overhang Length* Lesser of 2' or outlooker length/2 2' 
Roof Slope 1.5 - 12:12 7:12 
Table 3.16A1 Lmin=12.7' and
Roof
Diaphragms
Roof Diaphragm Aspect Ratio Lmax=70.6' (interpolated); Table L=40 
3.16C1 Lmax=80'
*Rake overhangs using lookout blocks shall not exceed 9". (WFCM 3.1.3.4c)
19
2
WFCM GENERAL INFORMATION
Table 1 Applicability Limitations
Reference
Attribute Limitation Section Figures
BUILDING DIMENSIONS
Mean Roof Height (MRH) 33' 1.1.3.1a 1.2

Number of Stories 3 1.1.3.1a -
Building Length and Width 80' 1.1.3.1b -
LOAD ASSUMPTIONS
(See Chapter 2 or Chapter 3 tables for load assumptions
applicable to the specific tabulated requirement)
Load Type Load Assumption
Partition Dead Load 0-8 psf of floor area
Wall Assembly Dead Load 11-18 psf
Floor Dead Load 10-20 psf
Roof/Ceiling Assembly Dead Load 0-25 psf
Floor Live Load 30-40 psf
Roof Live Load 20 psf
Ceiling Live Load 10-20 psf
Ground Snow Load 0-70 psf
90-195 mph wind speed
Wind Load (3-second gust)
Exposure B, C, and D (See Figure 1.1)
Seismic Design Category (SDC)
Seismic Load
SDC A, B, C, D0, D1, and D2
Copyright © American Wood Council. Downloaded/printed pursuant to License Agreement. No reproduction or transfer authorized.
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL 20
WFCM WB
ROOF STORY DESIGN
Roof and Ceiling Framing ...................................14

Roof and Ceiling Sheathing.................................20
Wall Framing .......................................................22
Connections ..........................................................24
Framing and Connection Summary ...................31
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Figure W4.1 Roof and Ceiling Framing - Finished Attic Details
FINISHED ATTIC
Cross Section (East Section)
Roof Framing Plan (East Section) Ceiling Framing Plan (East Section)
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Figure W4.2 Roof and Ceiling Framing – Raised Ceiling Details
Cross Section (West Section)
Roof Framing Plan (West Section) Ceiling Framing Plan (West Section)
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Roof Framing – Finished Attic
Lumber Rafters (WFCM 3.5.1.1)
Assuming flexible finish ceiling attached to rafters, choose rafters from Tables 3.26B (dead and live
load), 3.26E (dead and snow load), and 3.26M (wind uplift) and evaluate roof live, wind, and snow
load spans. The smaller span controls.
Ground Snow Load: .................................................................................... 30 psf

Live Load: ................................................................................................... 20 psf
Dead Load: .................................................................................................. 10 psf
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and exposure category: ................ 160 mph Exp. B
Rafter Vertical Displacement L/Δ: ............................................................ 240
Required Span (Horizontal Projection):...................................................... 16 ft.
Rafter Span Adjustment - Thrust (Tables 3.26A-L Footnote 1): ................ 1.0 (Ctf)
Sloped Roof Adjustment (Tables 3.26A-C Footnote 2): ............................ 1.05 (Csr)
Pitch and deflection limit adjustment (Table 3.26M Footnote 1): .............. 1.09 (Cpd)
Table W4.1 Selection of Species, Grade, Size, and Spacing for Rafters: (Table 3.26B, E & M)
Species Douglas Fir-
Hem-Fir Southern Pine Spruce-Pine-Fir
Larch
Spacing 16" 16" 16" 16"
Grade #2 #2 #2 #2
Table 3.26B Span (Lt) 2x8 18'-5" 2x8 17'-3" 2x8 17'-1" 2x8 17'-9"
Trial
Live Load Span 18.4(1.0)(1.05) 17.3(1.0)(1.05) 17.1(1.0)(1.05) 17.75(1.0)(1.05)= and
LLL=Lt(Ctf)(Csr) = 19'-4" Ok = 18'-2" Ok = 18'-0" Ok 18'-6" Ok error
Table 3.26E Span (Lt) 2x10 18'-9" 2x10 18'-2" 2x10 16'-10" 2x10 18'-5"
Snow Load Span 18.75(1.0) = 18.2(1.0) = 16.8(1.0) = 18.4(1.0) = Trial
LSL=Lt(Ctf) 18'-9" Ok 18'-2" Ok 16'-10" Ok 18'-5" Ok and
error
Table 3.26M Span (Lt) 2x10 17'-3" 2x10 16'-2" 2x10 14'-10" 2x10 16'-8"
Wind Load Span 17.25(1.09) = 16.2(1.09) = 14.8(1.09) = 16.7(1.09) = Trial
LWL=Lt(Cpd) 18'-7" Ok 17'-7" Ok 16'-2" Ok 18'-2" Ok and
error
Notes: as an energy consideration, 2x12 rafters might be a minimum requirement for batt insulation.
Ridge Beams (WFCM 3.5.1.4)

Since thrust is accounted for in rafter selection, per 3.5.1.4 exception use: 1x12 Ridge Board
* Alternatively, a Ridge Beam could be designed per Table 3.29. Additional columns at beam ends would
be required to establish load path to the foundation. Also, fasteners will need to be designed to resist
uplift from the rafters at each end of the ridge beam.
Ground Snow Load: ...................................................................... 30 psf
Live Load: ...................................................................................... 20 psf
Dead Load: ..................................................................................... 10 psf
Required Span: ............................................................................... 25' - 6"
Building Width: ............................................................................. 32' - 0" (interpolation req’d)
5-1/8" x 19-1/4" or 3-1/8" x 24-3/4" 20F-1.5E Glulam with Fvx=210psi OK
24
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WFCM PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
Table 3.26M Rafter Deflection Limit = L/180

(Cont.) Maximum Rafter Spans for Common Lumber Species Resisting Uplift
Exposure B
Loads due to Wind (12:12 Slope)
Wind Speed 3-second gust (mph)

150 160 170
(See Figure 1.1)
Rafter 2x4 2x6 2x8 2x10 2x12 2x4 2x6 2x8 2x10 2x12 2x4 2x6 2x8 2x10 2x12
Spacing Species Grade 1
Maximum Allowable Rafter Span (ft-in.)
(in.)
DFL SS 6 - 11 11 - 10 16 - 7 22 - 5 26-0† 6-7 11 - 3 15 - 9 21 - 6 26-0† 6-4 10 - 8 15 - 0 20 - 5 25 - 1
DFL No.1 6-8 11 - 4 15 - 10 21 - 7 26-0† 6-4 10 - 9 15 - 0 20 - 6 25 - 2 6-0 10 - 3 14 - 4 19 - 6 24 - 2
DFL No.2 6-6 11 - 0 15 - 6 21 - 2 25 - 9 6-2 10 - 6 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8 5 - 11 10 - 0 13 - 11 19 - 0 23 - 4
DFL No.3 5-5 8-9 11 - 11 15 - 9 19 - 8 5-0 8-1 10 - 11 14 - 5 17 - 10 4-8 7-5 10 - 1 13 - 3 16 - 4
HF SS 6-6 11 - 0 15 - 6 21 - 2 25 - 9 6-2 10 - 6 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8 5 - 11 10 - 0 13 - 11 19 - 0 23 - 8
HF No.1 6-4 10 - 9 15 - 1 20 - 7 25 - 2 6-0 10 - 3 14 - 3 19 - 5 24 - 2 5-9 9-9 13 - 7 18 - 5 23 - 2
HF No.2 6-0 10 - 2 14 - 2 19 - 4 24 - 0 5-8 9-8 13 - 5 18 - 3 23 - 0 5-5 9-2 12 - 10 17 - 4 22 - 1
HF No.3 5-3 8-6 11 - 7 15 - 3 18 - 11 4 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 7 13 - 11 17 - 2 4-6 7-3 9-9 12 - 9 15 - 9
12
SP SS 6-9 11 - 7 16 - 3 22 - 0 26-0† 6-6 11 - 0 15 - 5 21 - 1 25 - 8 6-2 10 - 6 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8
SP No.1 6-6 11 - 0 15 - 6 21 - 2 25 - 9 6-2 10 - 6 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8 5 - 11 10 - 0 13 - 11 19 - 0 23 - 8
SP No.2 6-2 10 - 5 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 5 5 - 10 9 - 11 13 - 10 18 - 4 22 - 11 5-7 9-6 13 - 1 16 - 9 21 - 7
SP No.3 4 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 7 13 - 9 17 - 3 4-6 7-3 9-8 12 - 7 15 - 9 4-2 6-8 9-0 11 - 7 14 - 5
SPF SS 6-4 10 - 9 15 - 1 20 - 7 25 - 2 6-0 10 - 3 14 - 3 19 - 5 24 - 2 5-9 9-9 13 - 7 18 - 5 23 - 2
SPF No.1 6-2 10 - 5 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8 5 - 10 9 - 11 13 - 10 18 - 10 23 - 7 5-7 9-6 13 - 2 17 - 11 22 - 8
SPF No.2 6-2 10 - 5 14 - 8 20 - 0 24 - 8 5 - 10 9 - 11 13 - 10 18 - 10 23 - 7 5-7 9-6 13 - 2 17 - 11 22 - 8
SPF No.3 5-3 8-6 11 - 7 15 - 3 18 - 11 4 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 7 13 - 11 17 - 2 4-6 7-3 9-9 12 - 9 15 - 9
DFL SS 6-2 10 - 6 14 - 9 20 - 1 24 - 9 5 - 11 10 - 0 14 - 0 19 - 0 23 - 9 5-8 9-6 13 - 4 18 - 1 22 - 10
DFL No.1 5 - 11 10 - 1 14 - 1 19 - 2 23 - 10 5-8 9-7 13 - 4 18 - 1 22 - 8 5-5 9-2 12 - 9 17 - 0 21 - 4
DFL No.2 5 - 10 9 - 10 13 - 9 18 - 8 22 - 11 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 3 21 - 6 5-3 8-9 11 - 11 15 - 9 19 - 8
DFL No.3 4-7 7-3 9 - 10 12 - 11 15 - 10 4-3 6-9 9-1 11 - 10 14 - 6 3 - 11 6-3 8-5 10 - 11 13 - 4
HF SS 5 - 10 9 - 10 13 - 9 18 - 8 23 - 5 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 8 22 - 5 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 5 16 - 9 21 - 6
HF No.1 5-8 9-7 13 - 4 18 - 2 22 - 11 5-5 9-1 12 - 8 17 - 2 21 - 11 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 4 20 - 11
HF No.2 5-4 9-1 12 - 7 17 - 1 21 - 10 5-1 8-7 12 - 0 16 - 2 20 - 8 4 - 11 8-3 11 - 5 15 - 2 18 - 10
HF No.3 4-5 7-1 9-7 12 - 6 15 - 4 4-1 6-6 8-9 11 - 5 14 - 0 3 - 10 6-0 8-1 10 - 6 12 - 10
16
SP SS 6-1 10 - 4 14 - 5 19 - 8 24 - 4 5-9 9 - 10 13 - 8 18 - 7 23 - 4 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 8 22 - 5
SP No.1 5 - 10 9 - 10 13 - 9 18 - 8 23 - 5 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 8 22 - 5 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 5 16 - 9 21 - 6
SP No.2 5-6 9-4 12 - 9 16 - 4 21 - 2 5-2 8-7 11 - 8 14 - 10 19 - 2 4-9 7 - 11 10 - 9 13 - 8 17 - 6
SP No.3 4-1 6-6 8-9 11 - 4 14 - 1 3-9 6-0 8-1 10 - 5 12 - 10 3-6 5-7 7-6 9-7 11 - 10
SPF SS 5-8 9-7 13 - 4 18 - 2 22 - 11 5-5 9-1 12 - 8 17 - 2 21 - 11 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 4 21 - 0
SPF No.1 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 7 22 - 5 5-3 8 - 10 12 - 4 16 - 8 21 - 2 5-0 8-6 11 - 9 15 - 6 19 - 3
SPF No.2 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 7 22 - 5 5-3 8 - 10 12 - 4 16 - 8 21 - 2 5-0 8-6 11 - 9 15 - 6 19 - 3
SPF No.3 4-5 7-1 9-7 12 - 6 15 - 4 4-1 6-6 8-9 11 - 5 14 - 0 3 - 10 6-0 8-1 10 - 6 12 - 10
DFL SS 5-9 9 - 10 13 - 8 18 - 7 23 - 4 5-6 9-4 13 - 0 17 - 7 22 - 4 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 4 16 - 8 21 - 5
DFL No.1 5-7 9-5 13 - 1 17 - 9 22 - 1 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 4 16 - 4 20 - 4 5-1 8-4 11 - 4 14 - 11 18 - 7
DFL No.2 5-5 9-2 12 - 6 16 - 7 20 - 9 5-2 8-5 11 - 6 15 - 1 18 - 9 4 - 10 7-9 10 - 7 13 - 10 17 - 2
DFL No.3 4-1 6-6 8-9 11 - 5 13 - 11 3-9 6-0 8-1 10 - 5 12 - 9 3-6 5-7 7-6 9-8 11 - 9
HF SS 5-5 9-2 12 - 9 17 - 3 22 - 0 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 4 21 - 1 4 - 11 8-4 11 - 6 15 - 6 20 - 0
HF No.1 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 5 16 - 10 21 - 7 5-0 8-6 11 - 9 15 - 11 20 - 0 4 - 10 8-1 11 - 2 14 - 8 18 - 2
HF No.2 5-0 8-5 11 - 9 15 - 10 19 - 10 4-9 8-0 11 - 0 14 - 6 18 - 0 4-7 7-6 10 - 2 13 - 4 16 - 5
HF No.3 4-0 6-4 8-6 11 - 0 13 - 6 3-8 5 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 1 12 - 4 3-5 5-5 7-3 9-4 11 - 4
19.2
SP SS 5-8 9-7 13 - 4 18 - 2 22 - 11 5-5 9-1 12 - 8 17 - 2 21 - 11 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 4 21 - 0
SP No.1 5-5 9-2 12 - 9 17 - 3 22 - 0 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 4 21 - 0 4 - 11 8-4 11 - 6 14 - 11 19 - 1
SP No.2 5-0 8-3 11 - 3 14 - 4 18 - 5 4-7 7-7 10 - 4 13 - 1 16 - 8 4-3 7-1 9-7 12 - 1 15 - 4
SP No.3 3-8 5 - 10 7-9 10 - 0 12 - 5 3-4 5-5 7-2 9-3 11 - 4 3-2 5-0 6-8 8-6 10 - 6
SPF SS 5-3 8 - 11 12 - 5 16 - 10 21 - 7 5-0 8-6 11 - 9 15 - 11 20 - 5 4 - 10 8-1 11 - 3 15 - 1 19 - 5
SPF No.1 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 3 20 - 3 4 - 11 8-3 11 - 3 14 - 10 18 - 4 4-8 7-8 10 - 5 13 - 7 16 - 10
SPF No.2 5-2 8-8 12 - 1 16 - 3 20 - 3 4 - 11 8-3 11 - 3 14 - 10 18 - 4 4-8 7-8 10 - 5 13 - 7 16 - 10
SPF No.3 4-0 6-4 8-6 11 - 0 13 - 6 3-8 5 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 1 12 - 4 3-5 5-5 7-3 9-4 11 - 4
DFL SS 5-4 9-0 12 - 6 16 - 11 21 - 8 5-1 8-6 11 - 10 16 - 0 20 - 7 4 - 10 8-2 11 - 3 15 - 2 19 - 6
DFL No.1 5-1 8-6 11 - 7 15 - 3 18 - 11 4 - 10 7 - 10 10 - 7 13 - 11 17 - 2 4-6 7-3 9-9 12 - 9 15 - 9
DFL No.2 4 - 11 7 - 11 10 - 9 14 - 2 17 - 6 4-7 7-4 9 - 11 12 - 11 15 - 11 4-3 6-9 9-2 11 - 11 14 - 7
DFL No.3 3-7 5-8 7-7 9 - 10 12 - 0 3-4 5-3 7-0 9-0 11 - 0 3-1 4 - 10 6-6 8-4 10 - 1
HF SS 5-0 8-5 11 - 8 15 - 9 20 - 2 4-9 8-0 11 - 1 14 - 11 19 - 1 4-6 7-7 10 - 6 14 - 2 18 - 1
HF No.1 4 - 10 8-2 11 - 4 15 - 0 18 - 7 4-8 7-8 10 - 5 13 - 8 16 - 10 4-5 7-1 9-7 12 - 7 15 - 5
HF No.2 4-7 7-8 10 - 4 13 - 7 16 - 9 4-5 7-0 9-6 12 - 5 15 - 3 4-1 6-6 8 - 10 11 - 5 14 - 0
HF No.3 3-6 5-6 7-4 9-6 11 - 7 3-3 5-1 6-9 8-9 10 - 7 3-0 4-9 6-4 8-1 9 - 10
24
SP SS 5-3 8-9 12 - 3 16 - 6 21 - 3 5-0 8-4 11 - 7 15 - 8 20 - 1 4-9 8-0 11 - 1 14 - 10 19 - 1
SP No.1 5-0 8-5 11 - 8 15 - 3 19 - 6 4-9 8-0 10 - 11 13 - 11 17 - 8 4-6 7-5 10 - 1 12 - 9 16 - 2
SP No.2 4-4 7-2 9-9 12 - 3 15 - 7 4-0 6-7 8 - 11 11 - 3 14 - 3 3-9 6-2 8-3 10 - 5 13 - 1
SP No.3 3-2 5-1 6-9 8-8 10 - 8 3-0 4-8 6-3 8-0 9 - 10 2-9 4-4 5 - 10 7-5 9-1
SPF SS 4 - 10 8-2 11 - 4 15 - 4 19 - 8 4-8 7-9 10 - 9 14 - 6 18 - 7 4-5 7-5 10 - 3 13 - 9 17 - 8
SPF No.1 4-9 7-9 10 - 7 13 - 10 17 - 2 4-6 7-2 9-8 12 - 8 15 - 7 4-2 6-8 9-0 11 - 8 14 - 4
SPF No.2 4-9 7-9 10 - 7 13 - 10 17 - 2 4-6 7-2 9-8 12 - 8 15 - 7 4-2 6-8 9-0 11 - 8 14 - 4
SPF No.3 3-6 5-6 7-4 9-6 11 - 7 3-3 5-1 6-9 8-9 10 - 7 3-0 4-9 6-4 8-1 9 - 10
1
See Table 3.26M footnotes.
† Spans are limited to 26 feet in length.
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION MANUAL WFCM
327
Footnotes to Table 3.26M

1 Tabulated rafter spans (horizontal projection) in Table 3.26M are based on a 12:12 roof pitch and L/180 deflection limit. For other roof
pitches and deflection criteria, multiply tabulated values by the following adjustments.
3
† Spans are limited to 26 feet in length.
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
Polling Question
4. Roof rafters designed for wind loads are based on
which of the following?
a) Deflection limit
b) Roof pitch
c) Lumber grade
d) All of the above
e) a) and b) only
27
WFCM WB
Connections (cont’d)
Table W4.9 Alternative proprietary connectors every rafter/stud with the following minimum
capacities from Tables 3.4 and 3.4C. Design for 16" o.c. rafter spacing which will be conservative
for 12" o.c. rafter spacing for the vaulted ceiling.
Loadbearing Non-Loadbearing
Building Wall Elevation 2-2 2-1 3-B 3-A
Wall Height 9' 9' 9.3' 6.2'
Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift connection
486 lbs n/a
capacity (Table 3.4)
Interior framing adjustment (Table 3.4 Footnote 1) 1.0 n/a
Roof dead load reduction (Table 3.4 Footnote 3) 0 n/a
W Non-Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift
n/a 671 lbs
i connection capacity (Table 3.4C and figure below)
n Connector location (Table 3.4C, Footnote 1) n/a Outside wall face
d
40/20 (19/32"
WSP minimum (Table 3.4C, Footnotes 2-4) n/a
nominal)*
Required Minimum Uplift Capacity of proprietary connector
486 lbs 537 lbs*
= Tabulated minimum capacity with Adjustments
Required Minimum Lateral Capacity – rafter/truss to wall
224 lbs n/a
(Table 3.4)
Tabulated Lateral Capacity – top and bottom plate to stud
n/a 159 plf** 141 plf
(Table 3.5)
Spacing multiplier (Table 3.5 Footnote 2) n/a 1.33 1.33
Required Minimum Lateral Capacity = tabulated capacity x
n/a 211 lbs 188 lbs
Adjustments
Tabulated Minimum Shear Parallel to Ridge Capacity
94 lbs n/a
(R=W/L=0.8) (Table 3.4)
Tabulated Minimum Shear Perpendicular to Ridge Capacity
n/a 148 lbs
(R=L/W=1.25)
Shear connection adjustment (Table 3.4 Footnote 4) 0.92 0.92
Required Minimum Shear Capacity 87 lbs 136 lbs
* To use 7/16" roof sheathing thickness, reduce outlooker overhang span to 19.2". Uplift = 537 lbs.
** For 3-B, maximum load based on stud length at the ridge. Loads will decrease as stud length decreases.
28
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION MANUAL 181
WFCM
Table 3.4C Rake Overhang Outlooker Uplift Connection

Requirements
Exposure B
Wind Speed
3-second gust (mph) 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Overhang Outlooker
Span
(in.)
Spacing
(in.)
Uplift Connection Load (lbs)1 3
12 12 86 96 104 117 129 140 153 180 208 239 272 308 344 404
16 115 128 139 156 172 187 204 240 278 319 363 411 459 539
24
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
172 192 208 234 257 281 306 359 416 478 544 616 688 -
16 12 108 121 131 147 162 177 192 226 262 300 342 387 432 508
16 144 161 175 196 216 235 256 301 349 401 456 516 576 6772
24 216 241 262 295 323 353 385 452 523 601 683 774 - -
19.2 12 128 142 155 174 191 208 227 266 309 354 403 4562 5102 5993
16 170 190 207 231 254 278 302 355 411 472 537 6082 6802 7983
2
24 255 284 310 347 381 416 453 533 617 708 806 - - -
24 12 159 178 194 217 238 260 283 333 3862 4433 5034 5704 6374 7484
2 3 4 4 4
16 213 237 259 289 318 347 378 444 514 590 671 760 849 -
2 2
24 319 355 389 434 476 520 567 665 771 - - - - -
Uplift connection load based on connector located on inside face of 2x4 end wall and is not applicable for connector located
1 on inside face of walls with framing members larger than 2x4. It shall be permitted to locate the connector on the outside
face of walls with 2x4 and larger framing.
2 Wood structural panel sheathing with minimum 24/16 span rating required (minimum 7/16" nominal thickness).
Minimum 2x4 blocking between outlookers Wood strucural panel sheathing with minimum 24/0 span rang
with same depth as outlooker depth, and minimum 3/8" nominal thickness in accordance with Table 3.12A
Sheathing nailing to outlooker, (2) 8d Common toe-nails each Strength Axis Applied Perpendicular to Supports (i.e. strength axis
blocking between outlookers, and end of blocking to outlooker perpendiular to endwall, roof trusses or raers) except as otherwise
outlooker rim in accordance with noted in Table 3.4C footnotes 2, 3 and 4
Table 3.10 for Rake Overhang
L Perimeter Edge Zone nailing in
accordance with Table 3.10
Overhang (3) 16d Common,

span not end nailed
to exceed Upli connector
lesser of
L/2 or 2'
Minimum 2x4 outlooker
rim (fly raer) with depth not less than Minimum 2x4 outlooker
outlooker depth, (3) 16d Common, with depth not greater than
end nailed roof truss chord depth or raer depth
1
Gable endwall 2x4 framing
174
Table 3.4 Rafter/Truss Framing to Wall Connection

Requirements for Wind Loads (Cont.)
Exposure B
(Dead Load Assumptions: Roof/Ceiling Assembly DL = 15 psf)
Wind Speed
3-second gust
150 160 170 180 195
(mph)
(See Figure 1.1)
Rafter/ Required Capacity of Connection (lbs.)
1
Roof
Truss
Span
Spacing U2,3,5 L S4 U2,3,5 L S4 U2,3,5 L S4 U2,3,5 L S4 U2,3,5 L S4
(ft)
(in.)
12 147 148 78R 177 168 88R 209 190 100R 243 212 112R 297 249 131R
16 176 213 252 293 360
20 206 249 295 344 423
12 24 236 286 339 395 486
28 266 323 383 447 549
32 296 359 427 498 612
36 326 396 470 549 676
12 195 197 103R 236 224 118R 278 253 133R 324 283 149R 397 333 175R
16 235 284 336 391 480
20 275 332 394 459 563
16 24 315 381 452 527 648
28 355 430 510 595 732
32 395 479 569 664 817
36 435 528 627 732 901
12 235 236 124R 283 269 141R 334 303 159R 388 340 179R 476 399 210R
16 282 340 403 469 576
20 330 399 472 551 676
19.2 24 378 457 542 632 777
28 426 516 612 714 878
32 474 575 683 797 980
36 522 634 753 879 1081
12 293 295 155R 353 336 177R 418 379 199R 486 425 223R 595 499 262R
16 352 426 504 586 719
20 412 498 591 688 845
24 24 472 572 678 790 971
28 532 645 765 893 1098
32 592 719 853 996 1225
36 653 792 941 1098 1352
U = Connector uplift load.
L = Connector lateral load (Perpendicular to the wall).
S = Connector shear load (Parallel to the wall).
R = L/W for wind perpendicular to the ridge and W/L for wind parallel to the ridge, where W is the building width and L is the building length.
1 Tabulated uplift and lateral loads shall be permitted to be multiplied by 0.75 and 0.92, respectively, for framing not located within 8 feet of
building corners.
2 Tabulated uplift loads assume a reduced roof and ceiling assembly dead load of 9 psf (0.6 x 15 psf = 9 psf).
3 Tabulated uplift loads are specified for roof-to-wall connections. When calculating uplift loads for wall-to-wall or wall-to-foundation
connections, tabulated uplift values shall be permitted to be reduced by 73 plf (0.60 x 121 plf) for each full wall above.
4 Shear connection values shall be multiplied by the following adjustments:
Wall Height 8' 10'
Roof Top Plate to Adjustment
Pitch Ridge Height Factor
0' (flat) 0.40 0.50
≤6:12 5' 0.65 0.75
10' 0.90 1.00
5' 0.65 0.75
10' 0.90 1.00
>6:12
15' 1.15 1.25
20' 1.40 1.50
5 For jack rafter uplift connections, use a roof span equal to twice the jack rafter length. The jack rafter length includes the overhang length
and the jack span.
WFCM WB
Sheathing and Cladding Attachment (WFCM 3.2.5)
Roof Sheathing (WFCM 3.2.4.1)
Choose Roof Sheathing Nail Spacing from Table 3.10A
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and exposure category: ................ 160 mph Exp. B
Rafter/Truss Spacing:.................................................................................. 16 in.
Sheathing Type: .......................................................................................... 7/16" WSP G=0.5
Table W4.10 Roof Sheathing Nail Spacing

Nail Spacing to Resist 8d Common Nails
Suction Loads
DF/SP HF/SPF Outlooker Detail (WFCM Fig. 2.1g)
Rafter/Truss Framing
G=0.49 G=0.42
Location – Edge (E) / Field (F) E/F E/F
4' Perimeter Edge Zone 6"/6"* 6"/6"
Interior Zones 6"/12" 6"/6"
Lookout Block Overhang NP** NP**

* Nail spacing can be 6"/12" over vaulted ceiling with
rafters at 12" o.c.
** Not permitted since overhang span exceeds 9".
Outlooker detail per WFCM Figure 2.1g required.
Lookout Block Detail (WFCM Fig. 2.1h)

Table W4.11 Roof Sheathing Nail Spacing
Ring Shank Nail Spacing to RSRS-03
Resist Suction Loads
DF/SP HF/SPF
Rafter/Truss Framing
G=0.49 G=0.42
4' Perimeter Edge Zone* 6"/6"** 6"/6"
Lookout Block Overhang NP*** NP***

* Nail spacing can be 6"/12" over vaulted ceiling with
rafters at 12" o.c.
** Sheathing thickness of 19/32" would allow 6"/12"
nail spacing and 24" outlooker span.
*** Not permitted since overhang span exceeds 9".
Outlooker detail per WFCM Figure 2.1g required.
31
WFCM
Table 3.10A Roof Sheathing Attachment Requirements for Wind

Loads (7/16", PANEL G=0.50)
Exposure B
(Prescriptive Alternative to Table 3.10)

90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
STRUCTURAL SHEATHING
Rafter/Truss
E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F E F 3
Framing Rafter/Truss
Sheathing Location1 Maximum Nail Spacing for 8d Common Nails, or 10d Box Nails (inches, o.c.) 2 , 4
Specific Spacing (in.)
Gravity, G
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12
16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6
0.49
19.2 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6
24 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Interior Zone
12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6
16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
0.42
19.2 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
24 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4
12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6
16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
0.49
19.2 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
24 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Exceeds capacity of 7/16" sheathing
3
Perimeter Edge Zone
12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4
16 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4
0.42
19.2 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
24 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 Exceeds capacity of 7/16" sheathing
3
Gable Endwall Rake or 0.49 - 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4

Rake Truss with up to
9" Rake Overhang 0.42 - 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 3 3
BOARD SHEATHING
Rafter/Truss
Sheathing Size Minimum Number of 8d Common Nails Per Support4
Spacing (in.)
1x6 or 1x8 Sheathing 12-19.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1x10 or Larger Sheathing 12-19.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
E - Nail spacing at panel edges (in.)
F - Nail spacing at intermediate supports in the panel field (in.)
1 For roof sheathing within 4 feet of the perimeter edge of the roof, including 4 feet on each side of the roof peak, the 4 foot perimeter edge zone attachment requirements
shall be used.
2 For wind speeds greater than 130 mph, blocking is required which transfers lateral load to two additional joists (3 joists total).
3 See Table 3.10 for other fastener and sheathing combinations.
4 Tabulated values for 8d common and 10d box nails are applicable to carbon steel nails (bright or galvanized).
WFCM
Table 3.10 Roof Sheathing Attachment Requirements for Wind

Loads
Exposure B
90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Rafter Fastener Spacing

/Truss Panel Interm.
Sheathing Location1 Uplift Load per Nail (lbs)
Spacing
3
Edges Supports
(in.) (in.) (in.)
6 12 17 19 21 23 25 28 30 35 41 47 53 60 67 78
6 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 24 27 30 34 39
12
4 4 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 23 26
3 3 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 17 20
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
6 12 23 25 28 31 34 37 40 47 54 62 70 79 89 104
6 6 12 13 14 16 17 19 20 24 27 31 35 40 45 52
16
4 4 8 9 10 10 11 12 14 16 18 21 24 27 30 35
3 3 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 23 26
Interior Zone
6 12 27 30 33 37 40 44 48 56 65 74 84 95 107 125
6 6 14 15 17 19 20 22 24 28 33 37 42 48 54 63
19.2
4 4 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 19 22 25 28 32 36 42
3 3 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 14 17 19 21 24 27 32
6 12 34 37 41 46 50 55 59 70 81 93 105 119 133 156
6 6 17 19 21 23 25 28 30 35 41 47 53 60 67 78
24
4 4 12 13 14 16 17 19 20 24 27 31 35 40 45 52
3 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 24 27 30 34 39
6 12 32 35 39 43 47 51 56 66 76 87 99 112 125 147
6 6 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 33 38 44 50 56 63 74
12
4 4 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 22 26 29 33 38 42 49
3 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 19 22 25 28 32 37
6 12 42 47 52 57 63 68 74 87 101 116 132 149 167 196
6 6 21 24 26 29 32 34 37 44 51 58 66 75 84 98
16
4 4 14 16 18 19 21 23 25 29 34 39 44 50 56 66
3 3 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 22 26 29 33 38 42 49
Perimeter Edge Zone
6 12 50 56 62 68 75 82 89 105 121 139 158 179 200 235
6 6 25 28 31 34 38 41 45 53 61 70 79 90 100 118
19.2
4 4 17 19 21 23 25 28 30 35 41 47 53 60 67 79
3 3 13 14 16 17 19 21 23 27 31 35 40 45 50 59
6 12 63 70 78 85 94 102 111 131 152 174 198 223 250 294
6 6 32 35 39 43 47 51 56 66 76 87 99 112 125 147
24
4 4 21 24 26 29 32 34 37 44 51 58 66 75 84 98
3 3 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 33 38 44 50 56 63 74
Fastener Spacing
Uplift Load per Nail (lbs)
Gable Endwall Rake or (in.)
Rake Truss with up to 9" 6 28 31 35 38 42 46 50 59 68 78 88 100 112 131
Rake Overhang 4 19 21 23 26 28 31 33 39 45 52 59 67 75 88
3 14 16 18 19 21 23 25 30 34 39 44 50 56 66
2, 3
Fastener Uplift Capacity (lbs)
Sheathing Thickness (in.) 3/8 7/16 15/32 19/32 23/32
Framing Member G 0.42 0.49 0.42 0.49 0.42 0.49 0.42 0.49 0.42 0.49
4
8d common 70 91 68 100 67 98 63 92 58 86
10d box4 84 101 82 118 81 120 77 114 73 108
RSRS-035 91 91 99 106 99 114 99 135 99 135
1 For roof sheathing within 4 feet of the perimeter edge of the roof, including 4 feet on each side of the roof peak, the 4-foot perimeter edge
zone attachment requirements shall be used.
2 Minimum capacity of withdrawal and fastener head pull-through is tabulated.
3 Tabulated values include a load duration factor adjustment, CD=1.6.
4 Tabulated values for 8d common nails and 10d box nails are applicable to carbon steel nails (bright or galvanized).
5 Tabulated values for RSRS-03 nails are applicable to carbon steel (bright or galvanized) or stainless steel nails.
WFCM WB
Framing and Connection Summary
Table W4.12 Gable Wall and Roof Framing and Connection Summary
Wall 2-2 2-1 3-B 3-A
No. 3/Stud No. 3/Stud
Stud Grade and Size
2x6 2x6
Stud Length 9.3' 6.2'
Stud Spacing 16" 16"
Roof to Wall Lateral/Shear 3-8d comm. 3-8d comm. 211 lbs 188 lbs
Roof to Wall Uplift 4-8d comm. 4-8d comm. 537 lbs* 537 lbs*
Plate to Stud Lateral 2-16d comm. 2-16d comm. 2-16d comm. 2-16d comm.
* 19/32" WSP sheathing and 24" outlooker requires 671 lbs uplift connector.
Table W4.13 Roof and Ceiling Framing and Connection Summary

Vaulted
Attic Space
Ceiling
Rafter Grade and Size No. 2 2x10 SS 2x10*
Rafter Spacing 16" 12"
Floor/Ceiling Joist Grade & Size No. 2 2x10** No. 2 2x8
Floor/Ceiling Joist Spacing 16" 12"
Floor/Ceiling Joist Length 16' 21'
Rafter to Ceiling Joist Nailing 5-16d comm. 6-16d comm.
Collar Tie/Ridge Strap Nailing 4-8d comm. 3-8d comm.
* Southern Pine requires DSS grade. Hem-Fir and SPF require 2x12 No. 2.
** Southern Pine requires 2x12 No. 2.
Table W4.14 Roof Sheathing Nail Panel Thickness and

Spacing to Resist Suction Loads Nail Spacing
7/16" & 8d 19/32" &
WSP with G=0.50
Commons RSRS-03
4' Perimeter Edge Zone 6"/6" 6"/12"*
Gable Endwall Outlooker Span 19.2" 24"
* HF and SPF framing require 6"/6" nail spacing.
34
Polling Question
ϱ͘Per WFCM prescriptive requirements, gable-end rake
overhangs with lookout blocks are limited to what
span?
a) 6 inches
b) 9 inches
c) 12 inches
d) 24 inches
35
WFCM WB
SECOND STORY DESIGN
Wall Framing .......................................................34

Wall Sheathing .....................................................39
Floor Framing ......................................................43
Floor Sheathing ....................................................43
Connections ..........................................................44
Wall Detailing Summary .....................................50
36
WFCM WB
Wall Sheathing
Sheathing and Cladding (WFCM 3.4.4.1)
Choose Exterior Wall Sheathing OR Cladding from Tables 3.13A and 3.13B, respectively
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and Exposure category: ................ 160 mph Exp. B
Sheathing Type (wood structural panels, fiberboard, board, hardboard): ... WSP
Strength Axis to Support (Parallel or Perpendicular): ................................ Parallel
Stud Spacing: .............................................................................................. 16 in.
Minimum Panel Thickness to resist suction loads: ..................................... 15/32 in.
LFH = 24 ft
2-2 (North) Elevation
LFH = 22 ft
2-1 (South) Elevation
LFH = 32 ft
2-B (East) Elevation
LFH = 29 ft
2-A (West) Elevation

37
WFCM WB
Wall Sheathing (cont’d)

Exterior Segmented Shear Walls (WFCM 3.4.4.2)
Choose Exterior Segmented Shear Wall Length from Table 3.17A-D
Wall Height: ................................................................................................ 9 ft

Number of Stories Braced (per 3.1.3.1 and table footnotes):...................... 1
Maximum shear wall aspect ratio for wind (Table 3.17D Footnote 4): ...... 3.5:1
Minimum shear wall segment length (Wall height/aspect ratio) (9 ft/3.5): 2.6 ft
Seismic Design Category: ........................................................................... D1

Roof and Attic Dead Load .......................................................................... 25 psf
NOTE: Dead load has been increase to account for partial attic.
Maximum shear wall aspect ratio for seismic (Table 3.17D Footnote 4): .. 3.5:1
Minimum WSP sheathing thickness (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): ........................ 3/8 in.
NOTE: Minimum WSP thickness for suction controls
Minimum gypsum thickness (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): .................................... 1/2 in.
NOTE: Aspect ratio limit of 1.5:1 unblocked: 2:1 blocked
Maximum stud spacing (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): ........................................... 16 in.
8d common nails
@ 6” OC on
panel perimeter 5d cooler nails
@ 7” OC on
panel perimeter
8d common
nails @ 12” OC
in field 5d cooler nails
@ 10” OC in
field
3/8” wood
structural panel 1/2” gypsum
continuous wallboard on
height over wall interior
plates
Panel exterior Panel interior

exterior
WFCM 3.4.4.2 “Standard” Shear Wall

WFCM Table 3.17D Footnote 4. The aspect ratio is permitted to be increased to a maximum value
of 3.5:1 provided the unit shear capacity and sheathing type adjustment factor are adjusted in
accordance with SDPWS Section 4.3.3.4.1 Exception 1 for wood structural panel shear walls...
2015 SDPWS 4.3.3.4.1 Exception 1. Where nominal shear capacities of all wood
structural panel shear walls with aspect ratios (h/bs) greater than 2:1 are multiplied
by 2bs/h for design, shear distribution to individual full-height wall segments shall
be permitted to be taken as proportional to the shear capacities of individual full
height wall segments used in design.
38
WFCM WB

Table W5.5 Calculation of Exterior Segmented Shear Wall Lengths and Nailing Requirements
Wall Height 9' 9' 9' 9'
Length (L) or Width (W) of Building being Designed L=40' L=40' W=32' W=32'
Actual Length of Full Height Sheathing (LFH) 24' 22' 32' 29'
Effective Length of Full Height Sheathing for Seismic (LFH-Eff) 20'* 18'* 32' 29'
Tabulated Min. Length Full Height Sheathing for Seismic Loads
8.8' 8.8' 8.8' 8.8'
per Table 3.17C1 (R&C)* L/W = 1.25 (interpolated) (Ls)
Vertical distribution factor adjustment per Table 3.17C
S 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92
e Footnote 2 (Cvd)
i Adjustment for other dead load case per Table 3.17C Footnote 4 1.42 1.42 1.42 1.42
s (R&C)** (Cdl)
m WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – Seismic
6" 6" 6" 6"
i (WFCM 3.4.4.2b + 3.4.4.2.1)
c Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table 3.17D (Csw) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing – Segmented Seismic 11.5' 11.5' 11.5' 11.5'
LSSW-S = Ls(Csw) (Cdl) (Cvd)
LSSW-S < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
Tabulated Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing for Wind per
Table 3.17A (R&C) (Lw) 10.3' 10.3' 12.8' 12.8'
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – Wind (WFCM 3.4.4.2a) 6" 6" 6" 6"
W Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table 3.17D (Csw) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
i Wall and Roof Height Adjustment (Table 3.17A Footnote 4)
n (CWRH) 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92
d
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing–Segmented Wind
9.5' 9.5' 11.8' 11.8'
LSSW-W = Lw(CWRH)(Csw)
LSSW-W < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
* For seismic loads, pPer Table 3.17D Footnote 4, the aspect ratio can exceed 2:1 per SDPWS 4.3.3.4.1
Exception 1 which requires the unit shear capacity to be multiplied by 2bs/h. There are four 3' (b=3) segments
in Walls 2-1 and 2-2, so the aspect ratio adjustment factor is 2bs/h = 2(3)/9 = 0.67. This adjustment only
applies to the 3' segments:
Wall 2-1: 10' + 3'(0.67)(4) = 18'
Wall 2-2: 12' + 3'(0.67)(4) = 20'
Since only 11.5' is required, the two six foot segments work in Wall 2-2. Wall 2-1 will require the two five
foot segments along with at least one more three foot segment.
** Since the attic only partially covers the structure and there are no additional walls or partitions, from Table
3.17C3 use Shear Wall Line Beneath category “roof and ceiling” to design the shear walls, then use the
Footnote 4 adjustment to compensate for additional dead load due to attic floor framing. In this case, use
roof/ceiling assembly = 25 psf.
See p.51 and beyond for Tables 3.17A, 3.17D, etc.
39
WFCM WB

Exterior Perforated Shear Walls (WFCM 3.4.4.2)
Using Segmented Shear Wall results from Table W5.5, determine Perforated Shear Wall Lengths using
Table 3.17E
Table W5.6 Calculation of Exterior Perforated Shear Wall Lengths and Nailing Requirements
Max. Unrestrained Opening Height 6'-0" 4'-6" 0 4'-6"
Max. Unrestrained Opening Heights as functions of wall height 2H/3 H/2 0 H/2
Effective Length of Full Height Sheathing (LFH-Eff) 20'* 18'* 32' 29'
S Length of Wall (LWall) 40' 40' 32' 32'
e Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Segmented Seismic (LSSW-S) 11.5' 11.5' 11.5' 11.5'
i
Percent Full Height Sheathing (LSSW-S / LWall) 29% 29% 36% 36%
s
m Perforated Length Increase Factor from Table 3.17E (CL) 1.55 1.31 1.00 1.27
i Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Perforated Seismic 17.8' 15.1' 11.5' 14.6'
c LPSW-S = LSSW-S (CL)
LPSW-S < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
Length of Wall (LWall) 40' 40' 32' 32'
W Min. Length Full Height Sheathing - Segmented Wind (LSSW-W) 9.5' 9.5' 11.8' 11.8'
i Percent Full Height Sheathing (LSSW-W / LWall) 24% 24% 37% 37%
n Perforated Length Increase Factor from Table 3.17E (C ) 1.62 1.34 1.00 1.27
L
d
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Perforated Wind
15.4' 12.7' 11.8' 15.0'
LPSW-W = LSSW-W (CL)
LPSW-W < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
* Includes a 2b/h reduction for exceeding 2:1 aspect ratio. See Table W5.5 footnote for explanation.
Table W5.7 Top Story Shear Wall Edge Nail Spacing and Wall Length Summary
Building Elevation 2-2 2-1 2-B 2-A
Segmented 6" 11.5' 6" 11.5' 6" 11.5' 6" 11.5'
Seismic
Perforated 6" 17.8' 6" 15.1' 6" 11.5' 6" 14.6'
Segmented 6" 9.5' 6" 9.5' 6" 11.8' 6" 11.8'
Wind
Perforated 6" 15.4' 6" 12.7' 6" 11.8' 6" 15.0'
See shear wall detailing summary tables at the end of this section for a final
comparison of wind vs. seismic results.
40
WFCM WB
Uplift Connections (WFCM 3.2.2)
Wall Assembly to Wall Assembly (WFCM 3.2.2.2)
Table W5.9 Wall to Wall Uplift Strap Connection from Table A-3.4
Building Wall Elevation 2-1 2-2
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and Exposure category: 160 mph Exp. B
Framing Spacing 16 in.
W
i Roof Span 32 ft
n Minimum tabulated number of 8d Common Nails required in each 4
d end of 1-1/4" x 20 gage strap every stud
No Ceiling Assembly nail increase Table A-3.4 Footnote 2 0
Minimum required number of 8d Common Nails in each end of strap
4*
every stud = Tabulated number of nails - Reductions + Increases
*Non-loadbearing wall assemblies (2-A and 2-B) in accordance with Table W5.10 below (3.2.6.3)
Table W5.10 Alternative proprietary connectors every stud with the following minimum capacities
Building Wall Elevation 2-1 2-2 2-A 2-B
Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift connection capacity
486 lbs n/a
(Table 3.4)
Interior framing adjustment (The 75% uplift factor reduction allowed
1.0 n/a
by Table 3.4 Footnote 1 was not applied)
W
Roof dead load reduction (Table 3.4 Footnote 2) = 0 since the attic
i -0 lbs n/a
floor does not cover the entire second floor
n
Wall-to-Wall and Wall-to-Foundation reduction
d -97 lbs -97 lbs
(Table 3.4 Footnote 3) = [73 plf x (16" / 12"/ ft ) = 97 lbs]
Non-Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift connection
n/a 671 lbs
capacity (Table 3.4C)
Connector location (Table 3.4C, Footnote 1) n/a n/a
40/20 (19/32"
WSP minimum (Table 3.4C, Footnotes 2-4) n/a
nominal)*
Required minimum capacity of proprietary connector
389 lbs 440 lbs*
= Tabulated minimum capacity with Adjustments
Required number of 8d common nails (Z' = 104 lbs) in each end of
4 5 or 6**
straps on every stud = Required capacity ÷ Z'
* To use 7/16" roof sheathing thickness, reduce outlooker overhang span to 19.2". Tabulated uplift = 537 lbs. Wall
dead load can be deducted from uplift: 537-97=440 or 671-97=574.
** Five nails to resist 440 lbs uplift and 6 nails to resist 574 lbs uplift.
Check Perforated Shear Wall plate anchorage between wall ends
The assumption is that wall plate nailing to floor framing (WFCM 3.2.1.6 and Table 3.1) in addition to the
wind uplift straps (determined above), are sufficient to resist uplift requirements on the plate using the
Perforated Shear Wall Method. See 2015 SDPWS section 4.3.6.4.2.1.
41
WFCM WB
Wall Assembly to Wall Assembly (WFCM 3.2.2.2 and 3.2.3)
Table W5.11 Alternative to metal straps on every stud - wood structural panels to resist wall plate
to wall stud uplift and shear from Table 3.4B
Building Wall Elevation 2-1 2-2 2-A 2-B
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and Exposure category 160 mph Exp. B 160 mph Exp. B
Roof Span 32 ft n/a *
W
i Shear Wall Sheathing Thickness (see shear wall design above) 15/32 in. 15/32 in.
n 8d common @ 8d common @
Shear Wall Nailing: size and spacing (panel edges and field)
d 6"/12" 6"/12"
Number of Rows Required at top and bottom of panel edges 2 2
Top and Bottom Panel Edge Nail spacing (WFCM Figure 3.2f) 4" ** 3" **
* An engineered approach using 2015 SDPWS to design gable end wall (2-A & 2-B) WSPs to resist
combined uplift and shear is as follows:
1. Uplift calculated in Table W5.10 for outlooker with 19.2" overhang gives 440 lbs and 24"
overhang gives 574 lbs.
2. Use SDPWS Table 4.4.1 to determine the appropriate ASD uplift capacity for the specified shear
wall nailing of 8d common 6" panel edge spacing, 12" field spacing as follows:
• For 2 rows of nails at top and bottom of panel edges spaced at 4":
o ASD Uplift Capacity = 432 lbs (864 lbs/2) < 440 lbs (19.2" outlooker overhang span) NG
o ASD Uplift Capacity = 648 lbs (1,296 lbs/2) > 574 lbs (24" outlooker overhang span) OK
• Therefore 2 rows of 8d common nails spaced at 3" at top and bottom panel edges can be used
for both a 19.2" or a 24" outlooker overhang span.
See Figure 3.2f (shown below and right) for appropriate panel edge
nail spacing (3.2.3.5).
See Special Connections for connections around openings (3.2.3.4).
**WFCM 3.2.3.7a requires that nail spacing not be less than 6"
o.c. for a double row of fasteners to avoid tension perpendicular
to grain stresses in common framing members such as band
joists. An alternative to splicing panels at the band joist is to
splice panels at mid-stud height. Detailing shall be in accordance
with WFCM 3.2.3.7b.
42
WFCM
Table 3.4B

Shear Walls Resisting Uplift and Shear1
Exposure B
90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Top & Bottom of
Wood Structural Panel Shear Wall
Panel Nailing
3
Requirements
Requirements 2, 3
Maximum Roof Span (ft)
Nail
Sheathing Shear Wall Rows of
Spacing
Thickness Nailing Nails
(in)
7/16" OSB or 8d Common 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
15/32" plywood Nails @ 4" panel 1
3 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
with species of edge spacing and 6 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
plies having 12" field edge 25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 28 20 16 12
G≥0.49 spacing 3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24
7/16" OSB or 8d Common 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4
1 4 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
15/32" plywood Nails @ 6" panel
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 16 12 - -
with species of edge spacing and
6 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 16 12 - -
plies having 12" field edge
25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 20
G≥0.49 spacing
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32
10d Common 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15/32" OSB or 14 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 12 - - - - -
Nails @ 6" panel
plywood with 3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 24 20 16 12 -
edge spacing and
species of plies 6 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 24 20 16 12 -
12" field edge
having G≥0.49 25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24
spacing
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
1
See AWC/ANSI Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS) for proper design and detailing of wood structural panels
used to resist combined shear and uplift from wind.
2
Where framing has a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater, tabulated maximum roof spans shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.08,
but in no case shall they exceed a span of 36 ft.
3
Tabulated values for plywood assume plywood with a species of plies having a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater. For plywood with
other species, multiply the tabulated maximum roof spans by 0.90.
4
Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1½" and a single row of fasteners
shall be placed ¾" from the panel edge.
5
Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1½". Rows of fasteners shall be ½"
apart with a minimum edge distance of ½". Each row shall have nails at the specified spacing.
SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR WIND AND SEISMIC 43
SDPWS
Table 4.4.1 Nominal Uplift Capacity of 7/16" (Nominal) Minimum Wood Structural Panel
Sheathing or Siding When Used for Both Shear Walls and Wind Uplift Simultaneously
over Framing with a Specific Gravity of 0.42 or Greater 1
Nail Spacing Required for Shear Wall Design

6d Common Nail 8d Common Nail 8d Common Nail 10d Common Nail
6" panel edge spacing 6" panel edge spacing 4" panel edge spacing 6" panel edge spacing
12" field spacing 12" field spacing 12" field spacing 12" field spacing
Alternate Nail Spacing at Top and Bottom Plate Edges
6" 4" 3" 6" 4" 3" 6" 4" 3" 6" 4" 3"
Uplift Capacity (plf) of Wood Structural Panel Sheathing or Siding 2,3
4
Nails-
Single 0 168 336 0 216 432 NA 0 216 0 262 524
Row 4
Nails-
Double 336 672 1008 432 864 1296 216 648 1080 524 1048 1572
Row 5
LATERAL FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEMS

1. Nominal unit uplift capacities shall be adjusted in accordance with 4.4.1 to determine ASD allowable unit uplift capacity and LRFD factored unit resistance.
Anchors shall be installed in accordance with this section. See Appendix A for common nail dimensions.
2. Where framing has a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater, uplift values in table 4.4.1 shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.08.
3. Where nail size is 6d common or 8d common, the tabulated uplift values are applicable to 7/16" (nominal) minimum OSB panels or 15/32" (nominal) mini-
mum plywood with species of plies having a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater. Where nail size is 10d common, the tabulated uplift values are applicable to
15/32" (nominal) minimum OSB or plywood with a species of plies having a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater. For plywood with other species, multiply the
tabulated uplift values by 0.90.
4. Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1-1/2" and a single row of fasteners shall be placed ¾" from
the panel edge.
5. Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1-1/2". Rows of fasteners shall be ½" apart with a minimum
edge distance of ½". Each row shall have nails at the specified spacing.
Table 4.4.1.6 Maximum Anchor Bolt Spacing (inches) for Combined Shear and Wind Uplift1,2
Nominal Unit
Shear Capacity
Nail (plf) Nominal Uplift Capacity (plf)
Size G=0.50 0 216 432 648 864 1080 1296 1458 1728 1944 2160
G=0.42 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1350 1600 1800 2000
8d 0 0 483 42 36 36 32 24 24 19.2 16 - -
common
(0.131" x 400 368 48 42 36 36 32 24 24 19.2 16 - -
2-1/2") 670 616 36 32 24 24 24 24 19.2 19.2 16 - -
980 902 24 24 19.2 19.2 19.2 16 16 - - - -
10d 0 0 483 42 36 36 32 24 24 19.2 16 16 16
common
(0.148" x 400 368 48 42 36 36 32 24 24 19.2 16 - -
3") 870 800 24 24 24 19.2 19.2 19.2 16 16 - - -
G = Specific Gravity of framing members

- Not Permitted
1. The minimum nominal panel thickness of wall sheathing shall be in accordance with Section 4.4.1.2.
2. Tabulated anchor bolt spacings are for minimum ½" diameter “full-body diameter” bolts (see NDS Appendix Table L1)
3. This anchor bolt spacing is provided for interpolation purposes.
WFCM WB
Wall Detailing Summary

Table W5.15 Wall Detailing Requirements for Seismic Loads
Wall 2-2 2-1 2-B 2-A
Stud Size 2x4 2x4 2x4 2x4
Stud Spacing 16" 16" 16" 16"
Interior Sheathing Type Gyp Gyp Gyp Gyp
Thickness 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2"
Nail Type 5d cooler 5d cooler 5d cooler 5d cooler
Edge/Field Nailing 7"/10" 7"/10" 7"/10" 7"/10"
Exterior Sheathing Type WSP WSP WSP WSP
Thickness 15/32" 15/32" 15/32" 15/32"
Nail Type 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm.
Edge/Field Nailing 12" 12" 12" 12"
Shear Wall Type SSW PSW SSW PSW SSW PSW SSW PSW
Edge Nailing 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" 6" 6"
Segment Length 11.5' Full 11.5' Full 11.5' Full 11.5' Full
Hold-downs, lbs 2151 2151 2151 2151 2151 2151 2151 2151
Shear nailing (per foot) 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d
Table W5.16 Wall Detailing Requirements for Wind Loads

Wall 2-2 2-1 2-B 2-A
No. 3/Stud
Stud Grade and Size No. 3/Stud 2x6 No. 3/Stud 2x6 No. 3/Stud 2x6
2x6
Stud Length 9' 9' 9' 13'
Stud Spacing 16" 16" 16" 16"
Interior Sheathing Type Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)*
Thickness 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2"
Thickness 15/32" 15/32" 15/32" 15/32"
Field Nailing 12" 12" 12" 12"
Edge Nailing** 4" 4" 4" 4" 3" 3" 3" 3"
No. 8d comm. each strap/stud 4 4 4 4 5*** 5*** 5*** 5***
Hold-downs, lbs 3924 3924 3924 3924 3924 3924 3924 3924
Shear nailing (per foot) 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d
* Blocking required for gypsum segments resisting wind loads with aspect ratios greater than 1.5:1.
** Alternatively, 6" edge nailing requires wall-to-wall steel straps on every stud.
*** Six 8d commons required if 19/32" roof sheathing is used.
45
WFCM WB
Perforated Shear Wall

3924 lb hold-downs
4/12 nailing
Blocking for Gypsum resisting
wind with aspect ratio > 1.5:1
Segmented Shear Wall

11.5' required (seismic)
3924 lb hold-downs
4/12 nailing
2-2 (North) Elevation

3924 lb hold-downs
4/12 nailing
11.5' required (seismic)
3924 lb hold-downs
4/12 nailing
2-1 (South) Elevation

11.8' required
3924 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing
2-B (East) Elevation

3924 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing

11.8' required
3924 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing
2-A (West) Elevation

46
WFCM WB
FIRST STORY
DESIGN
Wall Framing .......................................................54

Wall Sheathing .....................................................58
Floor Framing ......................................................65
Floor Sheathing ....................................................65
Connections ..........................................................66
Wall Detailing Summary .....................................74
47
WFCM WB
Wall Sheathing
Sheathing and Cladding (WFCM 3.4.4.1)
Choose Exterior Wall Sheathing OR Cladding from Tables 3.13A and 3.13B respectively
Sheathing Type (wood structural panels, fiberboard, board, hardboard):... WSP

Strength Axis to Support (Parallel or Perpendicular): ................................ Parallel
Stud Spacing: .............................................................................................. 16 in.
Minimum Panel Thickness to resist suction loads: ..................................... 15/32 in.
LFH = 25 ft
1-2 North Elevation
LFH = 22 ft
1-1 South Elevation
LFH = 25 ft
1-B East Elevation
LFH = 29 ft
1-A West Elevation
48
WFCM WB

Choose Exterior Segmented Shear Wall Length from Table 3.17A-D
Wall Height: ................................................................................................ 9 ft

Number of Stories Braced (per 3.1.3.1 and table footnotes):...................... 2
Maximum shear wall aspect ratio for wind (Table 3.17D Footnote 4): ...... 3.5:1
Seismic Design Category: ........................................................................... D1

Maximum shear wall aspect ratio for seismic (Table 3.17D Footnote 4): .. 3.5:1
NOTE: Aspect ratio can be up to 3.5:1 with adjustments
Minimum WSP sheathing thickness (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): ........................ 3/8 in.
NOTE: Minimum WSP thickness for suction controls
Minimum gypsum thickness (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): .................................... 1/2 in.
NOTE: Aspect ratio limit of 1.5:1 unblocked: 2:1 blocked
Maximum stud spacing (per WFCM 3.4.4.2): ........................................... 16 in.
8d common nails
@ 6” OC on
panel perimeter 5d cooler nails
@ 7” OC on
panel perimeter
8d common
nails @ 12” OC
in field 5d cooler nails
@ 10” OC in
field
3/8” wood
structural panel 1/2” gypsum
continuous wallboard on
height over wall interior
plates
Panel exterior Panel interior

exterior
WFCM 3.4.4.2 “Standard” Shear Wall
WFCM Table 3.17D Footnote 4. The aspect ratio is permitted to be increased to a maximum value
of 3.5:1 provided the unit shear capacity and sheathing type adjustment factor are adjusted in
accordance with SDPWS Section 4.3.3.4.1 Exception 1 for wood structural panel shear walls...
2015 SDPWS 4.3.3.4.1 Exception 1. Where nominal shear capacities of all wood
structural panel shear walls with aspect ratios (h/bs) greater than 2:1 are multiplied
by 2bs/h for design, shear distribution to individual full-height wall segments shall
be permitted to be taken as proportional to the shear capacities of individual full
height wall segments used in design.
49
WFCM WB

Table W6.3 Calculation of Exterior Segmented Shear Wall Lengths and Nailing Requirements
Length (L) or Width (W) of Building being Designed L=40' L=40' W=32' W=32'
Tabulated Minimum Length Full Height Sheathing for Seismic
18.1' 18.1' 18.1' 18.1
Loads per Table 3.17C1 (R + C + 1F)** L/W = 1.25 (Ls)
S Vertical distribution adjustment per Table 3.17C Footnote 2 (Cvd) 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92
e WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – Seismic
i (WFCM 3.4.4.2 + 3.4.4.2.1) Note: nail spacing for elevation 1-1 6" 4" 6" 6"
s reduced to provide increased unit shear capacity for seismic.
m
i Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table 3.17D (Csw) 1.0 0.68 1.0 1.0
c Adjustment for other dead load case Table 3.17C Footnote 4 (Cdl)** 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing – Segmented Seismic
20.0' 13.6' 20.0' 20.0'
LSSW-S = Ls(Cvd) (Csw) (Cdl)
LSSW-S < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
Tabulated Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing for Wind per Table
20.7' 20.7' 25.9' 25.9'
3.17A (Lw) (R + C + 1F)
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing - Wind (WFCM 3.4.4.2)
W Note: nail spacing for elevation 1-B reduced to provide increased 6" 4" 4" 6"
i unit shear capacity for wind.
n .
Wall and Roof Ht. Adjustment (Table 3.17A Footnote 4) (CWRH) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
d
Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table 3.17D (Cswa) 1.0 0.74 0.74 1.0
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Segmented Wind 18.8' 13.9' 17.4' 23.6'
LSSW-W = Lw (CWRH) (Cswa)
LSSW-W < LFH-Eff Ok Ok Ok Ok
* Per Table 3.17D Footnote 4, includes a 2bs/h reduction for exceeding 2:1 aspect ratio for seismic. Effective
lengths can be recalculated as follows to minimize the number of hold-downs:
1-1: 2(5) + 2(0.67)(3) = 14 ft > 13.9 thus eliminating two 3 ft segments and related hold-downs
1-2: 16 + 2(0.67)(3) = 20 ft > 20 ft thus eliminating one 3 ft segment and related hold-downs.
** See Table W5.5 footnotes for explanation.
50
WFCM
Table 3.17A Segmented Shear Wall Sheathing Requirements for

Wind
Exposure B
Wind Speed
3-second gust (mph) 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Building
Dimension, Minimum Length of Full Height Sheathing on Exterior Shear Walls Perpendicular to Building Dimension, L or
3
Shear Wall Line Beneath
L or W (ft) W (ft)1,2,3,4,5
Roof & Ceiling 12 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.8 4.3 4.9 5.7
16 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.8 6.5 7.6
20 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.4 7.2 8.1 9.5
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
24 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.3 5.1 5.9 6.8 7.7 8.7 9.7 11.4
28 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.9 6.9 7.9 9.0 10.1 11.4 13.3
32 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.8 7.8 9.0 10.3 11.6 13.0 15.2
36 4.0 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.6 8.8 10.1 11.5 13.0 14.6 17.1
40 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.6 7.2 8.5 9.8 11.3 12.8 14.5 16.2 19.0
50 5.5 5.6 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.3 9.0 10.6 12.3 14.1 16.0 18.1 20.3 23.8
60 6.6 6.8 7.5 8.3 9.1 9.9 10.8 12.7 14.7 16.9 19.2 21.7 24.3 28.6
70 7.7 7.9 8.8 9.7 10.6 11.6 12.6 14.8 17.2 19.7 22.4 25.3 28.4 33.3
80 8.8 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.1 13.2 14.4 16.9 19.6 22.5 25.6 28.9 32.4 38.1
Roof, Ceiling, & 1 Floor 20 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.3 8.6 9.9 11.4 13.0 14.6 16.4 19.3
24 5.6 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.4 8.0 8.8 10.3 11.9 13.7 15.6 17.6 19.7 23.1
28 6.5 6.6 7.1 7.8 8.6 9.4 10.2 12.0 13.9 16.0 18.2 20.5 23.0 27.0
32 7.4 7.5 8.1 8.9 9.8 10.7 11.7 13.7 15.9 18.2 20.7 23.4 26.3 30.8
36 8.3 8.4 9.1 10.1 11.0 12.1 13.1 15.4 17.9 20.5 23.3 26.3 29.5 34.7
40 9.3 9.4 10.1 11.2 12.3 13.4 14.6 17.1 19.9 22.8 25.9 29.3 32.8 38.5
50 11.6 11.7 12.7 14.0 15.3 16.7 18.2 21.4 24.8 28.5 32.4 36.6 41.0 48.1
60 13.9 14.1 15.2 16.8 18.4 20.1 21.9 25.7 29.8 34.2 38.9 43.9 49.2 57.8
70 16.2 16.4 17.7 19.5 21.4 23.4 25.5 30.0 34.7 39.9 45.4 51.2 57.4 67.4
80 18.5 18.8 20.3 22.3 24.5 26.8 29.2 34.2 39.7 45.6 51.9 58.5 65.6 77.0
Roof, Ceiling, & 2 Floors 28 9.9 10.0 10.7 11.8 12.9 14.1 15.4 18.0 20.9 24.0 27.3 30.9 34.6 40.6
32 11.3 11.4 12.2 13.5 14.8 16.1 17.6 20.6 23.9 27.5 31.2 35.3 39.5 46.4
36 12.7 12.8 13.7 15.1 16.6 18.2 19.8 23.2 26.9 30.9 35.1 39.7 44.5 52.2
40 14.1 14.2 15.3 16.8 18.5 20.2 22.0 25.8 29.9 34.3 39.0 44.1 49.4 58.0
50 17.7 17.8 19.1 21.0 23.1 25.2 27.5 32.2 37.4 42.9 48.8 55.1 61.8 72.5
60 21.2 21.4 22.9 25.2 27.7 30.3 32.9 38.7 44.8 51.5 58.6 66.1 74.1 87.0
70 24.7 24.9 26.7 29.4 32.3 35.3 38.4 45.1 52.3 60.1 68.3 77.1 86.5 101.5
80 28.3 28.5 30.5 33.6 36.9 40.3 43.9 51.6 59.8 68.6 78.1 88.2 98.8 116.0
See footnotes 1-5.
WFCM
Footnotes to Table 3.17A

1 Tabulated sheathing lengths assume studs are spaced a maximum of 16 inches o.c. or exterior wood structural panels are
applied with the long dimension across the studs, walls are sheathed with 3/8 inch wood structural panels on the exterior
attached with 8d common nails at 6 inches o.c. at panel edges and 12 inches o.c. in the field, and 1/2 inch gypsum wallboard
on the interior attached with 5d cooler nails at 7 inches o.c. at panel edges and 10 inches o.c. as specified in section 3.4.4.2.
For other sheathing materials or sheathing configurations the tabulated lengths shall be multiplied by the appropriate
sheathing type adjustment factor in Table 3.17D.
2 Minimum length of full height sheathing shall not be less than the minimum required to satisfy the maximum shear wall
3
segment aspect ratio limitation in Table 3.17D.
3 Total roof span shall not exceed 36 feet based on 3.1.3.4a. Building dimensions up to 80 feet are shown in the second column
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
for use with the inscribed building provisions of 3.1.3.3c.
4 Tabulated sheathing lengths are based on 10 foot walls and 10 foot top plate‐to‐ridge height. For other configurations, the
value may be multiplied by the adjustment factor below:
Roof Only Roof + 1 Floor Roof + 2 Floors
Wall Height 8' 10' 8' 10' 8' 10'
Top Plate to
Roof Pitch Ridge Height Adjustment Factor
(ft)
0' (flat) 0.35 0.43 0.58 0.72 0.66 0.81
≤6:12 5' 0.50 0.59 0.66 0.79 0.71 0.86
10' 0.65 0.74 0.74 0.87 0.76 0.91
5' 0.63 0.71 0.72 0.86 0.75 0.90
10' 0.92 1.00 0.87 1.00 0.85 1.00
>6:12
15' 1.21 1.29 1.01 1.14 0.95 1.10
20' 1.49 1.58 1.15 1.29 1.04 NP
NP = not permitted
5 10d box nails or equivalent pneumatic nails with a nail diameter of at least 0.131 inch can be substituted for 8d common nails.
WFCM
TABLE
Table 3.17DShear
3.17D SHEAR WALL
Wall ASSEMBLY
Assembly ALLOWABLE
Allowable UNIT
Unit Shear SHEAR CAPACITIES,
Capacities, MAXIMUM
Maximum Shear Wall
SHEAR WALL
Segment AspectSEGMENT ASPECT
Ratios, and RATIOS,
Sheathing AND
Type SHEATHING
Adjustments TYPE
(Cont.)
ADJUSTMENTS (Cont.)
ASD Unit Shear Maximum Shear

Sheathing Type
Capacity of Wall Wall Segment
Adjustment Factor
Exterior Wall Sheathing Assembly (plf) Aspect Ratio
Interior Wall Sheathing

Nails and Spacing
Requirements Wind Seismic Wind Seismic Wind Seismic
3
15/32" Wood Structural Panels (Blocked), 10d common nails -
maximum stud spacing 24" on center 6" edge spacing
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
No Sheathing or Non-Rated Sheathing 4 4
400 285 2:1 2:1 1.09 0.84
2
1/2" Gypsum Wallboard (Unblocked) 5d cooler nails - 4 4
475 285 2:1 2:1 0.92 0.84
7" edge spacing
15/32" or Thicker Wood Structural Panels 10d common nails- 4 4
800 570 2:1 2:1 0.55 0.42
(Blocked) 6" edge spacing
No Sheathing or Non-Rated Sheathing 451 322 4 4
0.97 0.74
2:1 2:1
2
1/2" Gypsum Wallboard (Unblocked) 5d cooler nails - 526 322 4 4
0.83 0.74
2:1 2:1
7" edge spacing
7/16" Wood Structural Panels (Blocked) 8d common nails - 902 644 4 4
0.48 0.37
2:1 2:1
4" edge spacing
0.89
2:1 2:1 0.68
2
0.77 0.68
2:1 2:1
7" edge spacing
7/16" Wood Structural Panels (Blocked) 8d common nails - 980 700 4 4
0.44
2:1 2:1 0.34
4" edge spacing
3/8", 7/16", and 15/32" Wood Structural Panels 8d common nails -
(Blocked), maximum stud spacing 16" on center 4" edge spacing
490 350 2:1 2:1 0.89 0.68
2
0.68
590 350 2:1 2:1 0.74
7" edge spacing
3/8", 7/16", and 15/32" Wood Structural 8d common nails - 4 4
980 700 2:1 2:1 0.44 0.34
Panels (Blocked) 4" edge spacing
maximum stud spacing 24" on center 4" Edge spacing
593 423 2:1 2:1 0.74 0.57
2
668 423 2:1 2:1 0.65 0.57
7" edge spacing
15/32" Wood Structural Panels (Blocked) 10d common nails- 4 4
1186 846 2:1 2:1 0.37 0.28
4" edge spacing
See footnotes 1-4.
WFCM WB

Exterior Perforated Shear Walls (WFCM 3.4.4.2)
Using Segmented Shear Wall results from Table W6.3, determine Perforated Shear Wall Lengths using
Table 3.17E
Table W6.4 Calculation of Exterior Perforated Shear Wall Lengths and Nailing Requirements
Max. Unrestrained Opening Height 7'-6" 7'-6" 4'-6" 7'-6"
S Length of Wall (LWall) 40' 40' 32' 32'
e Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Segmented Seismic (LSSW-S) 20.0' 13.6' 20.0' 20.0'
i Percent Full Height Sheathing (L
SSW-S / LWall) 50% 34% 63% 63%
s
m Perforated Length Increase Factor from Table 3.17E (CL) 1.43 1.66 1.14 1.29
i Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Perforated Seismic 28.6' 22.6' 22.8' 25.8'
c LPSW-S = LSSW-S (CL)
LPSW-S < LFH-Eff NG** NG** OK OK
Length of Wall (LWall) 40' 40' 32' 32'
W Min. Length Full Height Sheathing - Segmented Wind (LSSW-W) 18.8' 13.9' 17.4' 23.6'
i Percent Full Height Sheathing (LSSW-W / LWall) 47% 35% 54% 74%
n Perforated Length Increase Factor from Table 3.17E (CL) 1.47 1.64 1.18 1.19
d Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Perforated Wind
27.6' 22.8' 20.5' 28.1'
(LPSW-W = LSSW-W (CL))
LPSW-W < LFH-Eff NG** NG** OK OK
* Includes a 2bs/h adjustment for exceeding 2:1 aspect ratio for seismic. See Table W5.5 for
explanation.
** See Table W6.5 and W6.6 for modifications to nailing patterns and sheathing lengths to allow the
perforated shear wall method to work.
WFCM
54
WFCM WB

Table W6.6 Calculation of Modified Edge Nailing and Sheathing Length Requirements for Wind
Design of Perforated Shear Walls 1-1, 1-2, and 1-A.
Modified Shear Wall Calculations from Tables W6.3 and W6.4 1-2 1-1
Wall Height 9' 9'
Max. Unrestrained Opening Height 7'-6" 7'-6"
Max. Unrestrained Opening Heights as functions of wall height 5H/6 5H/6
Actual Length of Full Height Sheathing (LFH) 25' 22'
Effective Length of Full Height Sheathing (LFH-Eff) 22'* 18'*
Tabulated Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing for Wind per Table 3.17A (Lw) 20.7' 20.7'
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing - Wind (WFCM 3.4.4.2)
Note: nail spacing for elevations 1-2, 1-1, and 1-A reduced to provide 3" 3"
increased unit shear capacity for wind.
Wall and Roof Ht. Adjustment (Table 3.17A Footnote 4) (CWRH) 0.91 0.91
Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table 3.17D (Cswa) 0.60 0.60
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Segmented Wind
11.3' 11.3'
LSSW-W = Lw (CWRH) (Cswa)
Length of Wall (LWall) 40' 40'
Min. Length Full Height Sheathing - Segmented Wind (LSSW-W) 11.3' 11.3'
Percent Full Height Sheathing (LSSW-W / LWall) 28% 28%
Perforated Length Increase Factor from Table 3.17E (CL) 1.76 1.76
Min. Length Full Ht. Sheathing - Perforated Wind
19.9' 19.9'
LPSW-W = LSSW-W (CL)
LPSW-W < LFH-Eff OK NG**
* Includes a 2bs/h adjustment for exceeding 2:1 aspect ratio. See Table W5.5 for explanation.
55
230
Table
TABLE 3.17D
3.17D Shear
SHEAR Wall
WALLAssembly Allowable
ASSEMBLY Unit Shear
ALLOWABLE Capacities,
UNIT Maximum Shear
SHEAR CAPACITIES, Wall
MAXIMUM
Segment Aspect
SHEAR WALL Ratios, and
SEGMENT Sheathing
ASPECT TypeAND
RATIOS, Adjustments
SHEATHING(Cont.)
TYPE
ADJUSTMENTS (Cont.)
ASD Unit Shear Maximum Shear

Sheathing Type
Capacity of Wall Wall Segment
Adjustment Factor
Exterior Wall Sheathing Assembly (plf) Aspect Ratio
Nails and Spacing
Interior Wall Sheathing Requirements Wind Seismic Wind Seismic Wind Seismic

0.75 0.58
2:1 2:1
2
0.67 0.58
2:1 2:1
7" edge spacing
7/16" or Thicker Wood Structural Panels 8d common nails - 1160 828 4 4
0.38 0.29
2:1 2:1
(Blocked) 3" Edge spacing
0.69 0.53
2:1 2:1
2
0.62 0.53
2:1 2:1
7" edge spacing
7/16" or Thicker Wood Structural Panels 8d common nails - 1260 902 4 4
0.35 0.26
2:1 2:1
(Blocked) 3" Edge spacing
3/8", 7/16", and 15/32" Wood Structural Panels 8d common nails -
(Blocked), maximum stud spacing 16" on center 3" edge spacing
630 451 2:1 2:1 0.69 0.53
2
730 451 2:1 2:1 0.60 0.53
7" edge spacing
3/8", 7/16", and 15/32" Wood Structural 8d common nails - 4 4
1260 902 2:1 2:1 0.35 0.26
Panels (Blocked) 3" edge spacing
3/8" Wood Structural Panels (Unblocked), 8d common nails -
No Sheathing or Non-Rated Sheathing
170 121 2:1 2:1 2.56 1.98
2
1/2" Gypsum Wallboard (Unblocked) 5d cooler nails - 270 121 1.61 1.98
2:1 2:1
7" edge spacing
3/8" Wood Structural Panels (Unblocked) 8d common nails - 340 242 1.28 0.99
2:1 2:1
6" Edge spacing
See footnotes 1-4.
Polling Question
6. Which of the following is false regarding shear walls
designed for wind loads?
a) Maximum aspect ratio is 3.5:1
b) Gypsum capacity is additive with WSP capacity
c) Capacity increases as edge nail spacing decreases
d) Cannot be used for perforated shear walls
57
WFCM WB
Since wall 1-1 does not have enough capacity for wind using the Perforated Shear Wall (PSW) method, it
will be designed per 2015 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS) and 2018 WFCM
Chapter 2 Engineered Design provisions. Another option is to use WFCM Table 3.17D adjustments to
design a 2-sided WSP shear wall.
To calculate the wind shear load on wall 1-1, use WFCM Table 2.5B to determine unit lateral loads for
the roof and floor diaphragms. Roof diaphragm load = 169 plf (interpolated) and floor diaphragm load =
194 plf. The floor diaphragm load can be modified by Table 2.5B footnote 2 for a 9' wall height = 0.91.
Per Table 2.5B Footnote 3, Table 2.1.3.1 can be used to reduce the MWFRS load by 0.97 based on a
mean roof height less than 33'. Per Table 2.5B footnote 5, the shear load on wall 1-1 = 32' [194(0.91) +
169](0.97)/2 = 5,370 lbs. Modified results are as follows:
Table W6.7 Calculation of Sheathing Length Requirements for Wind Design of Wall 1-1 using the
Perforated Shear Wall Method from 2015 SDPWS Section 4.3.3.5.
Modified Perforated Shear Wall Calculations from Table W6.6 1-1
Wall Height 9'
Total length of wall (LWall) 40'
Total area of openings (Ao = 6(7.5)+4(3)(4.5)) (ft2) 99
Aspect ratio adjustment per SDPWS 4.3.4.3 (2bs/h) 0.67
Length of full-height sheathing (Li): 2(5') + 4(0.67)(3') = 18 ft 18'
Sheathing area ratio (r) per SDPWS Equation 4.3-6 0.62
Shear capacity adjustment factor (Co) per SDPWS Equation 4.3-5 0.78
Nominal unit shear capacity (v) per SDPWS Table 4.3A and 4.3C assuming 3"
WSP edge nailing, SPF framing, and blocked gypsum with 7" edge nailing: 755
(0.92)1370/2+250/2 = 755 plf
PSW capacity per SDPWS 4.3.3.5 = (v)(Li)(Co) (lbs) 10,600
Load (lbs) 5,370
Load < Capacity OK
Table W6.8 Bottom Story Shear Wall Edge Nail Spacing and Wall Length Summary
Building Elevation 1-2 1-1 1-B 1-A
Segmented 6" 20.0' 4" 13.6' 6" 20.0' 6" 20.0'
Seismic
Perforated 3" 16.5' 3" 16.5' 6" 22.8' 6" 25.8'
Segmented 6" 18.8' 4" 13.9' 4" 17.4' 6" 23.6'
Wind
Perforated 3" 19.9' 3" 22' 4" 20.5' 6" 28.0'
See shear wall detailing summary tables at the end of this section for a final
comparison of wind vs. seismic results.
58
WFCM
Table 2.5B Lateral Diaphragm Loads from Wind - Parallel to Ridge

(For Calculating In-Plane Shear in Roof and Floor Diaphragm)
Roof / Ce iling
2
Di aphrag m
w roof
S he ar Wall
Floor
w floor
ENGINEERED DESIGN
Di aphrag m
w floor
w floor
B L
Wind Speed
3-second gust (mph) 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Roof Pitch Roof Span (ft) Unit Lateral Loads for Roof Diaphragm, wroofll, (plf)1,3,4,5
24 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 76 88 101 115 130 145 170
36 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 84 97 111 126 143 160 188
1.5:12 - 3:12
48 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 92 107 123 140 158 177 207
60 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 101 117 134 153 172 193 227
24 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 82 95 109 124 140 156 184
36 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 92 107 123 140 158 177 207
4:12
48 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 104 120 138 157 177 199 233
60 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 115 134 153 174 197 221 259
24 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 87 101 116 132 150 168 197
36 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 101 117 134 153 172 193 227
5:12
48 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 115 134 153 174 197 221 259
60 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 130 150 173 196 222 248 292
24 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 93 108 124 141 159 179 210
36 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 109 127 146 166 187 210 246
6:12
48 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 127 147 169 192 217 243 285
60 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 144 167 192 218 246 276 324
24 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 99 115 132 150 169 190 223
36 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 118 137 157 179 202 226 266
7:12
48 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 138 160 184 209 236 265 311
60 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 158 184 211 240 271 304 356
24 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 105 122 140 159 179 201 236
36 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 127 147 169 192 217 243 285
8:12
48 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 150 174 199 227 256 287 337
60 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 173 200 230 262 295 331 389
24 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 111 128 147 168 189 212 249
36 118 118 118 118 118 118 118 135 157 180 205 231 259 305
9:12
48 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 161 187 215 244 276 309 363
60 163 163 163 163 163 163 163 187 217 249 284 320 359 421
24 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 117 135 155 177 199 223 262
36 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 144 167 192 218 246 276 324
10:12
48 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 173 200 230 262 295 331 389
60 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 202 234 268 305 345 386 454
24 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 122 142 163 185 209 235 275
36 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 153 177 203 231 261 293 343
11:12
48 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 184 214 245 279 315 353 415
60 188 188 188 188 188 188 188 216 250 288 327 369 414 486
24 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 128 149 171 194 219 246 289
36 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 161 187 215 244 276 309 363
12:12
48 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 196 227 261 297 335 375 441
60 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 230 267 307 349 394 442 518
Unit Lateral Loads for Floor Diaphragm, wfloorII, (plf)1,2,3,5
110 110 110 110 110 110 110 128 149 171 194 219 246 289
*
See Footnotes 1 -5.
2 Tabulated unit lateral loads are based on 10 foot wall heights and a 1 foot floor depth. For other wall heights, H, tabulated values for floor diaphragms shall be permitted to be used when
multiplied by (H+1)/11.
3 Tabulated unit lateral loads are based on MWFRS wind loads and assume a building located in Exposure B with a mean roof height of 33 feet. For buildings located in Exposures B with mean
roof heights less than 33 feet, or in Exposures C and D, tabulated values shall be adjusted in accordance with Section 2.1.3.1.
SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR WIND AND SEISMIC 27
SDPWS
4.3.3.4.1 Shear distribution to individual shear Ltot = total length of a perforated shear wall in-
walls in a shear wall line shall provide the same calcu- cluding the lengths of perforated shear wall
lated deflection, sw, in each shear wall. segments and the lengths of segments con-
taining openings, ft
Exceptions:
1. Where nominal shear capacities of all Ao = total area of openings in the perforated
wood structural panel shear walls with aspect shear wall where individual opening areas
ratios (h/bs) greater than 2:1 are multiplied by are calculated as the opening width times
2bs/h for design, shear distribution to individ- the clear opening height, ft2. Where sheath-
ual full-height wall segments shall be permit- ing is not applied to framing above or below
ted to be taken as proportional to the shear
capacities of individual full height wall seg-
the opening, these areas shall be included
in the total area of openings. Where the
4
ments used in design. Where multiplied by opening height is less than h/3, an opening
2bs/h, the nominal shear capacities need not height of h/3 shall be used

be reduced by the adjustment in 4.3.4.2.
h = height of the perforated shear wall, ft
2. Where nominal shear capacities of all
ΣLi = sum of perforated shear wall segment
structural fiberboard shear walls with aspect
lengths Li , ft. Lengths of perforated shear
ratios (h/bs) greater than 1:1 are multiplied by
0.1 + 0.9bs/h for design, shear distribution to wall segments with aspect ratios greater
individual full-height wall segments shall be than 2:1 shall be adjusted in accordance
permitted to be taken as proportional to the with 4.3.4.3
shear capacities of individual full height wall
segments used in design. Where multiplied 4.3.4 Shear Wall Aspect Ratios and
by 0.1 + 0.9bs/h, the nominal shear capacities Capacity Adjustments
need not be reduced by the adjustment in
4.3.4.2. 4.3.4.1 The size and shape of shear walls shall be
limited to the aspect ratios in Table 4.3.4.
4.3.3.5 Shear Capacity of Perforated Shear Walls: 4.3.4.2 For wood structural panel shear walls with
The nominal shear capacity of a perforated shear wall aspect ratios (h/bs) greater than 2:1, the nominal shear
shall be taken as the tabulated nominal unit shear ca- capacity shall be multiplied by the Aspect Ratio Factor
pacity multiplied by the sum of the shear wall segment (WSP) = 1.25 - 0.125h/bs. For structural fiberboard
lengths, Li, and the appropriate shear capacity ad- shear walls with aspect ratios (h/bs) greater than 1:1,
justment factor, Co, from Table 4.3.3.5 or calculated the nominal shear capacity shall be multiplied by the
using the following equation: Aspect Ratio Factor (fiberboard) = 1.09 - 0.09 h/bs.
4.3.4.3 Aspect Ratio of Perforated Shear Wall
 r  L tot Segments: The aspect ratio limitations of Table 4.3.4
CO    (4.3-5)
 3  2r   Li shall apply to perforated shear wall segments within a
perforated shear wall as illustrated in Figure 4C. Por-
1 tions of walls with aspect ratios exceeding 3.5:1 shall
r (4.3-6)
Ao not be considered in the sum of shear wall segments.
1
h Li In the design of perforated shear walls, the length of
each perforated shear wall segment with an aspect ra-
tio greater than 2:1 shall be multiplied by 2bs/h for the
where: purposes of determining Li and Li. The provisions of
Section 4.3.4.2 and the exceptions to Section 4.3.3.4.1
r = sheathing area ratio
shall not apply to perforated shear wall segments.
Table 4.3A Nominal Unit Shear Capacities for Wood-Frame Shear Walls1,3,6,7
Wood-based Panels4
A B
Minimun SEISMIC WIND
Minimum Fastener Panel Edge Fastener
Nominal Penetration Fastener Panel Edge Fastener Spacing (in.)
Sheathing Spacing (in.)
Panel in Framing Type & Size
Material 6 4 3 2 6 4 3 2
Thickness Member or
(in.) vs Ga vs Ga vs Ga vs Ga vw vw vw vw
Blocking
(in.) (plf) (kips/in.) (plf) (kips/in.) (plf) (kips/in.) (plf) (kips/in.) (plf) (plf) (plf) (plf)
Nail (common or
OSB PLY OSB PLY OSB PLY OSB PLY
galvanized box)
Wood
SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR WIND AND SEISMIC

5/16 1-1/4 6d 400 13 10 600 18 13 780 23 16 1020 35 22 560 840 1090 1430
Structural
3/82 460 19 14 720 24 17 920 30 20 1220 43 24 645 1010 1290 1710
Panels -
Structural I4,5 7/162 1-3/8 8d 510 16 13 790 21 16 1010 27 19 1340 40 24 715 1105 1415 1875
15/32 560 14 11 860 18 14 1100 24 17 1460 37 23 785 1205 1540 2045
15/32 1-1/2 10d 680 22 16 1020 29 20 1330 36 22 1740 51 28 950 1430 1860 2435
5/16 360 13 9.5 540 18 12 700 24 14 900 37 18 505 755 980 1260
1-1/4 6d
3/8 400 11 8.5 600 15 11 780 20 13 1020 32 17 560 840 1090 1430
Wood 3/82 440 17 12 640 25 15 820 31 17 1060 45 20 615 895 1150 1485
Structural
7/162
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
1-3/8 8d 480 15 11 700 22 14 900 28 17 1170 42 21 670 980 1260 1640

Panels –
Sheathing4,5 15/32 520 13 10 760 19 13 980 25 15 1280 39 20 730 1065 1370 1790
15/32 620 22 14 920 30 17 1200 37 19 1540 52 23 870 1290 1680 2155
1-1/2 10d
19/32 680 19 13 1020 26 16 1330 33 18 1740 48 22 950 1430 1860 2435
Nail (galvanized casing)
Plywood
Siding 5/16 1-1/4 6d 280 13 420 16 550 17 720 21 390 590 770 1010
3/8 1-3/8 8d 320 16 480 18 620 20 820 22 450 670 870 1150
Nail (common or
Particleboard galvanized box)
Sheathing - 3/8 6d 240 15 360 17 460 19 600 22 335 505 645 840
(M-S "Exterior
3/8 8d 260 18 380 20 480 21 630 23 365 530 670 880
Glue" and
M-2 "Exterior 1/2 280 18 420 20 540 22 700 24 390 590 755 980
Glue") 1/2 10d 370 21 550 23 720 24 920 25 520 770 1010 1290
5/8 400 21 610 23 790 24 1040 26 560 855 1105 1455
Nail (galvanized roofing)
Structural 1/2 11 ga. galv. roofing nail (0.120" 340 4.0 460 5.0 520 5.5 475 645 730
Fiberboard x 1-1/2" long x 7/16" head)
Sheathing 11 ga. galv. roofing nail (0.120"
25/32 340 4.0 460 5.0 520 5.5 475 645 730
x 1-3/4" long x 3/8” head)
1. Nominal unit shear capacities shall be adjusted in accordance with 4.3.3 to determine ASD allowable unit shear capacity and LRFD factored unit resistance. For general construction requirements see 4.3.6. For
specific requirements, see 4.3.7.1 for wood structural panel shear walls, 4.3.7.2 for particleboard shear walls, and 4.3.7.3 for fiberboard shear walls. See Appendix A for common and box nail dimensions.
2. Shears are permitted to be increased to values shown for 15/32 inch (nominal) sheathing with same nailing provided (a) studs are spaced a maximum of 16 inches on center, or (b) panels are applied with long
dimension across studs.
3. For species and grades of framing other than Douglas-Fir-Larch or Southern Pine, reduced nominal unit shear capacities shall be determined by multiplying the tabulated nominal unit shear capacity by the
Specific Gravity Adjustment Factor = [1-(0.5-G)], where G = Specific Gravity of the framing lumber from the NDS (Table 12.3.3A). The Specific Gravity Adjustment Factor shall not be greater than 1.
4. Apparent shear stiffness values Ga, are based on nail slip in framing with moisture content less than or equal to 19% at time of fabrication and panel stiffness values for shear walls constructed with either OSB
or 3-ply plywood panels. When 4-ply or 5-ply plywood panels or composite panels are used, Ga values shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.2.
5. Where moisture content of the framing is greater than 19% at time of fabrication, Ga values shall be multiplied by 0.5.
6. Where panels are applied on both faces of a shear wall and nail spacing is less than 6" on center on either side, panel joints shall be offset to fall on different framing members as shown below. Alternatively, the
width of the nailed face of framing members shall be 3" nominal or greater at adjoining panel edges and nails at all panel edges shall be staggered.
SDPWS
7. Galvanized nails shall be hot-dipped or tumbled.
35
61
4
1
Table 4.3C
Table 4.3CNominal Unit Shear
Nominal UnitCapacities for Wood-Frame
Shear Capacities Shear
for Walls
Wood-Frame Shear Walls1
Gypsumand
Gypsum andPortland
Portland Cement
CementPlaster
Plaster
A B
Max. SEISMIC WIND
Max. Fastener
Sheathing Material 2 Stud vs Ga vw
Fastener Type & Size Edge Spacing
Material Thickness Spacing
(in)3 (plf) (kips/in) (plf)
(in.)
7 24 unblocked 150 4.0 150
4 24 unblocked 220 6.0 220
5d cooler (0.086" x 1-5/8" long, 15/64" head) or 7 16 unblocked 200 5.5 200
wallboard nail (0.086" x 1-5/8" long, 9/32" head) or
0.120" nail x 1-1/2" long, min 3/8" head 4 16 unblocked 250 6.5 250
7 16 blocked 250 6.5 250
SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR WIND AND SEISMIC

1/2" 4 16 blocked 300 7.5 300
8/12 16 unblocked 120 3.5 120
4/16 16 blocked 320 8.0 320
No. 6 Type S or W drywall screws 1-1/4" long 4/12 24 blocked 310 8.0 310
Gypsum wallboard, 8/12 16 blocked 140 4.0 140
gypsum base for
veneer plaster, or 6/12 16 blocked 180 5.0 180
water-resistant
AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
7 24 unblocked 230 6.0 230

gypsum backing board
6d cooler (0.092" x 1-7/8" long, 1/4" head) or 4 24 unblocked 290 7.5 290
wallboard nail (0.0915" x 1-7/8" long, 19/64" head) or
0.120" nail x 1-3/4" long, min 3/8" head 7 16 blocked 290 7.5 290
5/8"
4 16 blocked 350 8.5 350
8/12 16 unblocked 140 4.0 140

No. 6 Type S or W drywall screws 1-1/4" long
8/12 16 blocked 180 5.0 180
Base ply--6d cooler (0.092" x 1-7/8" long, 1/4" head) or wallboard nail (0.0915"
5/8" Base: 9
x 1-7/8" long, 19/64" head) or 0.120"nail x 1-3/4" long, min 3/8" head
16 blocked 500 11 500
Face ply--8d cooler (0.113" x 2-3/8" long, 0.281" head) or wallboard nail
(Two-Ply) Face: 7
(0.113" x 2-3/8" long, 3/8" head) or 0.120" nail x 2-3/8" long, min 3/8" head
1/2" x 2' x 8' 4 16 unblocked 150 4.0 150

0.120" nail x 1-3/4" long, 7/16" head, diamond-point, galvanized
4 24 blocked 350 8.5 350
Gypsum sheathing 1/2" x 4'
7 16 unblocked 200 5.5 200
board
6d galvanized cooler (0.092" x 1-7/8" long, 1/4" head) or wallboard nail 4/7
5/8" x 4' 16 blocked 400 9.5 400
(0.0915" x 1-7/8" long, 19/64" head) or 0.120" nail x 1-3/4" long, min 3/8" head
Gypsum lath, plain or

perforated with vertical 3/8” lath and 0.092"x 1-1/8" long, 19/64" head, gypsum wallboard blued nail or 0.120" nail
5 16 unblocked 360 9.0 360
joints staggered ½” plaster x1-1/4" long, min 3/8" head
Gypsum lath, plain or 3/8" lath and 0.092"x 1-1/8" long, 19/64" head, gypsum wallboard blued nail or 0.120" nail
5 16 unblocked 200 5.5 200
perforated 1/2" plaster x1-1/4" long, min 3/8" head
Expanded metal or
woven wire lath and
7/8" 0.120" nail x 1-½” long, 7/16" head 6 16 unblocked 360 9.0 360
Portland cement
plaster
1. Nominal unit shear capacities shall be adjusted in accordance with 4.3.3 to determine ASD allowable unit shear capacity and LRFD factored unit resistance. For general construction requirements see 4.3.6. For
specific requirements, see 4.3.7.4.
SDPWS
2. Type S or W drywall screws shall conform to requirements of ASTM C 1002.
3. Where two numbers are given for maximum fastener edge spacing, the first number denotes fastener spacing at the edges and the second number denotes fastener spacing along intermediate framing mem-
37
bers.
62
4
WFCM WB
Lateral, Shear, and Uplift Connections (WFCM 3.2.1 and 3.2.2)
Wall Assembly to Foundation (WFCM 3.2.1.7 and 3.2.2.3)
Choose Sill Plate to Foundation Connection Requirements for Anchor Bolts Resisting Lateral,
Shear, and Uplift Loads from Table 3.2A for Wind and 3.3A for Seismic
Stories supported by Foundation: ............................................................... 2
Sill plate size (based on Tables W6.1 and W6.2): ...................................... 2x6
Anchor Bolt Diameter: ................................................................................ 5/8 in.
Table W6.10 Assuming Crawl Space or Basement, determine maximum Anchor Bolt Spacing.
Sill plate line dimension (Lsw) 40' 40' 32' 32'
Building dimension perpendicular to sill plate (Table 3.2A) 32' 32' 40' 40'
S Tabulated number of anchor bolts to resist seismic shear loads (ss)
4 4 4 4
e (Table 3.3A4) (R+C+2F) (interpolated)
i Dead load adjustment per Table 3.3A Footnote 5 (Cdl) 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14
s
Adjusted number of bolts ssa = (ss)(Cdl) 5 5 5 5
m
i Bolt spacing for seismic shear loads (bolts placed 1' from end of sill)
114" 114" 90" 90"
c sss = 12 (Lsw-2) / (#bolts-1)
Tabulated number of bolts to resist shear loads from wind
9 9 12 12
(Table 3.2A)(R+2F)
W Wall and Roof Height Adjustment (Table 3.2A Footnote 4) (CWRH) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
i Minimum number of bolts to resist shear loads = Tabulated x CWRH 9 9 12 12
n Bolt spacing for wind shear loads (bolts placed 1' from end of sill)
57" 57" 32" 32"
d sws = 12 (Lsw-2) / (#bolts-1)
Max. bolt spacing to resist wind uplift loads (swu)
36" 36" 22"** 22"**
(Table 3.2C (end zones) & 3.4C)
Max. anchor bolt spacing (lesser of sws, swu, and sss) 36" 36" 22" 22"
**Calculated from WFCM Table 3.4C based on 16" o.c. outlooker spacing (horizontal projection) and 24"
outlooker overhang span with 2 wall dead loads subtracted (0.6 x 121 plf x 16/12 = 97 lbs) and
bottom/sill plate capacity from WFCM Commentary Table 3.2C. Table 3.4C = 671 lbs – 194 lbs (2 walls)
= 477 lbs. WFCM Commentary Table 3.2C calculations = 22". A 19.2" outlooker overhang span would
result in 26" spacing. See p.29 for Table 3.4C
63
WFCM WB
Alternatively, use proprietary connectors with the following minimum capacities from Table 3.2,
Table 3.3, and Table 3.4C.
Stories supported by Foundation: ............................................................... 2
Table W6.11 Assuming Crawl Space or Basement, determine required loads for proprietary
connectors.
Building dimension W or L L=40' L=40' W=32' W=32'
R=L/W or W/L for Table 3.3 (see Footnote 1) 1.0 1.0 1.25 1.25
S Tabulated seismic shear load (Table 3.3) R+C+2F
e (interpolated) 174 plf 174 plf 174 plf 174 plf
i
s Adjustment for other dead load case Footnote 3 (Cdl) 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14
m
i Adjusted seismic shear load = tabulated seismic shear
c load (Cdl) 198 plf 198plf 198plf 198plf
Number of stories receiving lateral wind load
2 2 2 2
(Table 3.2)
Outlooker Spacing n/a n/a 16" 16"
Wind uplift (Table 3.4C) n/a n/a 671 lbs 671 lbs
W Wall Dead Load Reduction n/a n/a 194 lbs 194 lbs
i Adjusted Wind uplift (Table 3.4C) n/a n/a 477 lbs* 477 lbs*
n Wind uplift (Table 3.2(U)) 218 plf 218 plf
d Wind lateral load (Table 3.2(L)) ** ** ** **
R=L/W or W/L for Table 3.2 (see Footnote) 0.8 0.8 1.25 1.25
Tabulated Wind shear load (Table 3.2(S)) 427R 342 plf 342 plf 534 plf 534 plf
Footnote 3: Sheathing Type Adjustment per Table
0.60 0.60 0.74 1.0
3.17D (Cswa) – assuming PSW
Footnote 4: Wall and Roof Height Adjustment (CWRH) 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
Adjusted shear load = Tabulated (CWRH) / (Cswa) 519 plf 519 plf 657 plf 486 plf
* Assumes 24" outlooker overhang span. See Table W6.10 footnote for calculation basis. A 19.2"
outlooker would result in 343 lbs of uplift.
**Table 3.2 Footnote: Determine anchorage for Lateral Loads in foundation design per Section 1.1.4
(might include soil loads).
See p.29 for Table 3.4C
64
WFCM WB
Wall Assembly to Foundation (WFCM 3.2.2.3)
Table W6.12 Wall to Foundation Uplift Strap Connection from Table A-3.4
Building Wall Elevation 1-2 1-1
Three second gust wind speed (700 yr) and Exposure category: 160 mph Exp. B
Framing Spacing 16 in.
W
i Roof Span 32 ft
n Tabulated number of 8d Common Nails required in each end of
d 1-1/4" x 20 gage strap every stud 4
No Ceiling Assembly nail increase (Footnote 3) 0
Required number of 8d Common Nails in each end of strap every
stud = Tabulated number of nails - Reductions + Increases 4*
*Non-loadbearing wall assemblies in accordance with Table W6.13 (3.2.6.3)
Table W6.13 Alternative proprietary connectors with the following minimum capacities
Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift connection capacity
479 lbs n/a
(Table 3.4)
Interior framing adjustment (Footnote 1) 1.0 n/a
W Roof dead load reduction (Table 3.4, Footnote 2) = 0 since the attic
0 lbs n/a
i floor does not cover the entire second floor
n Wall-to-Wall and Wall-to-Foundation reduction -194 lbs -194 lbs
d (Table 3.4, Footnote 3) = [73 plf x 2 walls (16" / 12"/ ft) = 194 lbs]
Non-Loadbearing Walls - Tabulated minimum uplift connection
n/a 671 lbs
capacity (Table 3.4C)
Required minimum capacity of proprietary connector
= Tabulated minimum capacity with Adjustments 285 lbs 477 lbs*
* Assumes 24" outlooker overhang span. See Table W6.10 footnote for calculation basis. A 19.2"
outlooker would result in 343 lbs of uplift.
65
WFCM WB
Wall Assembly to Foundation (WFCM 3.2.2.2 and 3.2.3)
Table W6.14 Alternative to metal straps on every stud - wood structural panels to resist wall plate
to wall stud uplift and shear from Table 3.4B
Three sec. gust wind speed (700 yr) and exp. category 160 mph Exp. B 160 mph Exp. B
Roof Span 32 ft n/a**
W Shear Wall Sheathing Thickness (see p.58) 15/32 in. 15/32 in. 15/32 in. 15/32 in.
i Shear Wall Type and Nailing: size and spacing (panel 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm.
n edges and field) (see Table W6.8) - SSW @ 6"/12" @ 4"/12" @4"/12" @ 6"/12"
d Number of Rows Required - SSW 2 2 2 2
Top & Bottom of Panel Nail spacing - SSW 4" 3" 3" 3"
Shear Wall Type and Nailing: size and spacing (panel 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm. 8d comm.
edges and field) (see Table W6.8) - PSW @ 3"/12" @ 3"/12" @4"/12" @ 6"/12"
Number of Rows Required - PSW n/a n/a 2 2
1 1
Top & Bottom of Panel Nail spacing - PSW NP NP 3" 3"
1. WFCM Table 3.4B and SDPWS Table 4.4.1 are limited to no less than 4" panel edge spacing for
shear. Wall 1-1 require metal straps on every stud to resist uplift loads or use Segmented Shear Wall
nailing requirements.
** An engineered approach using 2015 SDPWS to design gable end wall (1-A & 1-B) WSPs to resist
combined uplift and shear is as follows:
1. Table W6.13 shows 343 lbs and 477 lbs for 19.2" and 24" outlooker overhang spans, respectively.
2. Use SDPWS Table 4.4.1 to determine the appropriate ASD uplift capacity for the specified shear wall
nailing of 8d common 6" panel edge spacing, 12" field spacing as follows:
o ASD Uplift Capacity = 432 lbs (864 lbs/2) < 477 lbs (24"
outlooker overhang span) NG
o ASD Uplift Capacity = 432 lbs (864 lbs/2) > 343 lbs (19.2"
outlooker overhang span) OK
o ASD Uplift Capacity = 648 lbs (1,296 lbs/2) > 477 lbs (24"
outlooker overhang span) OK
• Therefore 2 rows of 8d common nails spaced 3" at top and
bottom panel edges can be used for a 24" outlooker overhang
span – 4" for a 19.2" outlooker overhang span.
Additional detailing
• See WFCM Figure 3.2f (shown right) for appropriate panel edge
nail spacing (3.2.3.5).
• See Special Connections for connections around openings
(3.2.3.4).
• Anchor bolts with 3"x3" steel plate washers at 16" o.c. are
required (3.2.3.6).
• Determine sheathing splice requirements over common
horizontal framing members or at mid-stud height (3.2.3.7).
66
WFCM
Table 3.4B

Shear Walls Resisting Uplift and Shear1
Exposure B
90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 195
(See Figure 1.1)
Top & Bottom of
Wood Structural Panel Shear Wall
Panel Nailing
3
Requirements
Requirements 2, 3
Maximum Roof Span (ft)
Nail
Sheathing Shear Wall Rows of
Spacing
Thickness Nailing Nails
(in)
7/16" OSB or 8d Common 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
15/32" plywood Nails @ 4" panel 1
3 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
with species of edge spacing and 6 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
plies having 12" field edge 25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 28 20 16 12
G≥0.49 spacing 3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24
7/16" OSB or 8d Common 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4
1 4 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 12 - - - - - -
15/32" plywood Nails @ 6" panel
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 16 12 - -
with species of edge spacing and
6 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 16 12 - -
plies having 12" field edge
25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24 20
G≥0.49 spacing
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32
10d Common 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
15/32" OSB or 14 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 28 20 12 - - - - -
Nails @ 6" panel
plywood with 3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 24 20 16 12 -
edge spacing and
species of plies 6 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 24 20 16 12 -
12" field edge
having G≥0.49 25 4 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 24
spacing
3 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
1
See AWC/ANSI Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS) for proper design and detailing of wood structural panels
used to resist combined shear and uplift from wind.
2
Where framing has a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater, tabulated maximum roof spans shall be permitted to be multiplied by 1.08,
but in no case shall they exceed a span of 36 ft.
3
Tabulated values for plywood assume plywood with a species of plies having a specific gravity of 0.49 or greater. For plywood with
other species, multiply the tabulated maximum roof spans by 0.90.
4
Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1½" and a single row of fasteners
shall be placed ¾" from the panel edge.
5
Wood structural panels shall overlap the top member of the double top plate and bottom plate by 1½". Rows of fasteners shall be ½"
apart with a minimum edge distance of ½". Each row shall have nails at the specified spacing.
WFCM WB
Overturning Resistance (WFCM 3.2.4)
Hold-downs (WFCM 3.2.4.1)
Table W6.15 Calculate Hold-downs from Table 3.17F for Segmented and Perforated Shear Walls
Tabulated hold down connection capacity required –
2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs
seismic (Ts)
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – seismic – SSW
6" 1.0 4" 0.68 6" 1.0 6" 1.0
& Hold-down adjustment per Footnote 1 (Cswa)
Adjusted hold-down capacity to account for
increased shear capacity (Tsa-ssw = (Ts) / (Cswa)) – 2151 lbs 3163 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs
seismic - SSW
S Additional story hold-down requirements – seismic -
e SSW (see Table W5.12) 2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs
i
Total hold-down requirement for floor to foundation
s 4302 lbs 5314 lbs 4302 lbs 4302 lbs
(Tsa-ssw) – seismic - SSW
m
i WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – seismic – PSW 3" 0.53 3" 0.53 6" 1.0 6" 1.0
c & Hold-down adjustment per Footnote 1 (Cswa)
Adjusted hold-down capacity (Tsa-psw = (Ts) / (Cswa))
4058 lbs 4058 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs
– seismic - PSW
Additional story hold-down requirements – seismic -
2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs 2151 lbs
PSW (see Table W5.12)
6209 lbs 6209 lbs 4302 lbs 4302 lbs
(Tsa-psw) – seismic - PSW
Tabulated hold-down connection capacity required –
3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs
wind (Tw)
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – wind – SSW &
6" 1.0 4" 0.74 4" 0.74 6" 1.0
Hold-down adjustment per Footnote 1 (Cswa)
Adjusted hold-down capacity to account for
increased shear capacity (Twa-ssw = (Tw) / (Cswa)) - 3924 lbs 5303 lbs 5303 lbs 3924 lbs
wind
Additional story hold-down requirements – wind –
W SSW (Table W5.12) 3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs
i Total hold-down requirement for floor to foundation
n – wind – SSW (Twa-ssw) 7848 lbs 9227 lbs 9227 lbs 7848 lbs
d
WSP Perimeter Edge Nail Spacing – wind – PSW &
3" 0.60 3" 0.60 4" 0.74 6" 1.0
Hold-down adjustment per Footnote 1 (Cswa)
Adjusted hold-down capacity (Twa-psw = (Tw) / (Cswa))
6540 lbs 6540 lbs 5303 lbs 3924 lbs
- wind
Additional story hold-down requirements – wind –
3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs 3924 lbs
PSW (Table W5.12)
10464 lbs 10464 lbs 9227 lbs 7848 lbs
– wind – PSW (Twa-psw)
One hold-down can be used on each corner with corner studs connected to transfer shear as shown in
WFCM Figures 3.8a or 3.8b.
68
WFCM
Table 3.17F Segmented and Perforated Shear Wall Hold-down Capacity Requirements
Required Hold‐down Connection Capacity (lbs)1,2
Wall Height (ft) Wind Seismic
8 3488 1912
9
10
3924
4360
2151
2390
3
12 5232 2868
14 6104 3346
16 6976 3824
PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN
18 7848 4302
20 8720 4780
1 Required hold‐down capacities assume walls are sheathed in accordance with
Section 3.4.4.2. For other wall sheathing types the tabulated hold‐down
capacity shall be divided by the appropriate sheathing type adjustment factor
in Table 3.17D.
2 Hold‐down capacities are tabulated per story. Required hold‐down capacities
shall be summed from the story above to the story below.
WFCM WB

Table W6.17 Wall Detailing Requirements for Seismic Loads
Wall 1-2 1-1 1-B 1-A
Stud Grade and Size 2x6 No.3/Stud 2x6 No.3/Stud 2x6 No.3/Stud 2x6 No.3/Stud
Stud Spacing 16" 16" 16" 16"
Interior Sheathing Type Gyp Gyp Gyp Gyp
Thickness 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2"
Thickness 15/32" 15/32" 15/32" 15/32"
Edge Nailing 6" 3" 4" 3" 6" 6" 6" 6"
Hold-downs (2-stories), lbs 4302 6209 6326 6209 4302 4302 4302 4302
Anchor bolt spacing 114" 114" 90" 90"
Shear nailing (per foot) 2-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d 2-16d
Table W6.18 Wall Detailing Requirements for Wind Loads

Wall 1-2 1-1 1-B 1-A
Stud Grade and Size No. 3/Stud 2x6 No. 3/Stud 2x6 No. 3/Stud 2x6 No. 3/Stud 2x6
Stud Spacing 16" 16" 16" 16"
Interior Sheathing Type Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)* Gyp (blocked)*
Thickness 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2"
Thickness 15/32" 15/32" 15/32" 15/32"
Edge Nailing** 4" 3"*** 3" 3"*** 3" 3" 3" 3"
No. Rows Required 2 NP 2 NP 2 2 2 2
Hold-downs (2-stories),
7848 10464 9227 10464 9227 9227 7848 7848
lbs
Anchor bolt spacing with
16"**** 36" 16"**** 36" 16" 16"
3"x3" steel plate washers
Shear nailing (per foot) 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d 4-16d
* Blocking required for gypsum segments resisting wind with aspect ratios greater than 1.5:1.
** WSP resist combined uplift and shear – no straps.
*** Using WSP to resist combined uplift and shear not permitted. Either use Segmented Shear Wall details or use
metal straps every stud per Table W6.12.
**** Required for Segmented Shear Wall used to resist combined uplift and shear. For Perforated Shear Wall, use
36" as calculated in Table W6.10.
70
WFCM WB
Wall Detailing Summary (cont’d)

10464 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing
Strap each stud @16"o.c.


18.8' required
Hold-downs as shown
4/12 nailing
3924 lb each 7848 lb 3924 lb 3924 lb 7848 lb 3924 lb each
1-2 North Elevation

10464 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing
Strap each stud @16"o.c.

13.9' required
Hold-downs as shown
3/12 nailing

3924 lb each 3924 lb each 9227 lb 9227 lb 9227 lb 9227 lb 3924 lb each 9227 lb each
1-1 South Elevation
Note that the segmented shear wall detailing summaries show what could be done when summing hold-
down capacities from upper to lower stories. From a practical standpoint, hold-downs with different
capacities would likely not be used in the same shear wall line. Rather, the maximum hold-down capacity
would typically be specified for all to avoid installation errors. Also note that one hold-down can be used
on each corner of the building with corner studs connected to transfer shear as shown in WFCM Figures
3.8a or 3.8b.
71
WFCM WB
Wall Detailing Summary (cont’d)

9227 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing

17.4' required
Hold-downs as shown
3/12 nailing
9227 lb 5303 lb each 5303 lb each 9227 lb

1-B East Elevation

7848 lb hold-downs
3/12 nailing

23.6' required
Hold-downs as shown
3/12 nailing
7848 lb 7848 lb 3924 lb 3924 lb
1-A West Elevation
Note that the segmented shear wall detailing summaries show what could be done when summing hold-
down capacities from upper to lower stories. From a practical standpoint, hold-downs with different
capacities would likely not be used in the same shear wall line. Rather, the maximum hold-down capacity
would typically be specified for all to avoid installation errors. Also note that one hold-down can be used
on each corner of the building with corner studs connected to transfer shear as shown in WFCM Figures
3.8a or 3.8b.
72
Polling Question
ϳ͘SDPWS equations for calculating the PSW shear
capacity adjustment factor, Co, assumes which of
the following?
a) Actual area of openings
b) Largest opening height in the PSW
c) Sum of full-height sheathing lengths
d) All of the above
e) a) and c) only
73
This concludes the American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
info@awc.org
www.awc.org
74

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DESIGNING FOR NEW ASCE 7-16 WIND LOADS PER THE

2018 WFCM (STD355)

American Wood Council • This course is registered with AIA

• 2018 WFCM References

C&C Roof Overhang Coefficients (suction)

for One- and Two-Family Dwellings

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE WFCM WORKBOOK

Abbreviations used in the WFCM Workbook

I General Information .............................................. 1

II Roof Story Design ................................................ 13

III Second Story Design ............................................ 33

IV First Story Design ................................................. 53

Building Description ..............................................2

Figure 1: Isometric view (roof overhangs not shown).

Wall Heights = 9' Windows

LOADS ON THE BUILDING

Simplified Procedure (ASCE 7-16 Section 12.14)

Deflection limits per 2018 IRC

Roof Rafters with flexible Ceiling Attached L/Δ = 240

Note: See comparable deflection limits in 2018 IBC

2018 International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family

WFCM APPLICABILITY LIMITATIONS

Table W1.1 Applicability Limitations

Mean Roof Height (MRH) maximum 33' 24.7' 

PRESCRIPTIVE DESIGN LIMITATIONS

Table W1.2 Prescriptive Design Limitations

Table 1 Applicability Limitations

Mean Roof Height (MRH) 33' 1.1.3.1a 1.2

ROOF STORY DESIGN

Roof and Ceiling Framing ...................................14

Figure W4.1 Roof and Ceiling Framing - Finished Attic Details

Cross Section (East Section)

Figure W4.2 Roof and Ceiling Framing – Raised Ceiling Details

Cross Section (West Section)

Ground Snow Load: .................................................................................... 30 psf

Ridge Beams (WFCM 3.5.1.4)

Table 3.26M Rafter Deflection Limit = L/180

Wind Speed 3-second gust (mph)

Footnotes to Table 3.26M

Table 3.4C Rake Overhang Outlooker Uplift Connection

Overhang (3) 16d Common,

Table 3.4 Rafter/Truss Framing to Wall Connection

Choose Roof Sheathing Nail Spacing from Table 3.10A

Table W4.10 Roof Sheathing Nail Spacing

4' Perimeter Edge Zone 6"/6"* 6"/6"

Interior Zones 6"/12" 6"/6"

Lookout Block Overhang NP** NP**

Lookout Block Detail (WFCM Fig. 2.1h)

4' Perimeter Edge Zone* 6"/6"** 6"/6"

Interior Zones 6"/12" 6"/12"

Lookout Block Overhang NP*** NP***

Table 3.10A Roof Sheathing Attachment Requirements for Wind

Wind Speed 3-second gust (mph)

Gable Endwall Rake or 0.49 - 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4

Table 3.10 Roof Sheathing Attachment Requirements for Wind

Rafter Fastener Spacing

Framing and Connection Summary

Lookout Block Overhang NP NP

Lookout Block Overhang NP* NP*