Ramadan( /ˌ
ræməˈdɑːn/,alsoUS: /ˌrɑː
m- ,ˈ
ræmədɑːn,ˈ
r ɑː
m- /,[
5][
6][7]UK: /ˈ
ræmədæn/;[8]
Arabi
c: ﺭﻣ
ﺎﻀ ﻥ,r omanized:Ramaḍ n[ ramaˈdˤaː
n];
[note1]Ramazan,Ramzan,Ramadhan,or
Ramat han)istheninthmont hoft heIslamiccalendar,[9
]obser vedbyMusl i
mswor l
dwi de
asamont hoff ast
ing( sawm) ,pr ayer,refl
ecti
onandcommuni ty.
[10]Acommemor ationof
thefi
rstr ev
elat
ionoft heQur ant oMuhammad, [
11
]theannualobser vanceofRamadani s
regar
dedasoneoft heFi v
ePi ll
arsofI slam[ 1
2]andl astst went
y-ninetothir
tydays,from
onevisualsighti
ngoft hecr escentmoont othenext.[
13][14]
Thewor dRamadander i
vesf rom t heAr abi crootramiḍaorar -
ramaḍ("scorchingheat"or
"dryness").
[15]Fasti
ngi sf ard( obligatory)f oradultMuslims,exceptt hosewhoar eil
l,
travel
ling,el
derly,pregnant ,breast feeding,diabeti
c,chronicall
yill
,ormenst ruati
ng.
[1
6]
Althoughf atwashav ebeeni ssueddecl aringthatMusl i
mswhol i
veinregionswi t
ha
mi dnightsunorpol arni ghtshoul df ol
low thet i
metableofMecca, [1
7]themor ecommonl y
accept edopi ni
onist hattheyshoul di nsteadf oll
ow thetimetableofthecl osestcountr
yto
them i nwhichnightcanbedi stinguishedf rom day.
[1
8][19]
[ 20]
Whilef astingfrom dawnunt i
lsunset,bel i
eversrefr
ainfrom food,dri
nk,smoki ng,sexual
rel
ations,andsi nfulbehavi
orthatmaynegat etherewardoff asti
ng,[21
][22]str i
vingto
purifyt hemselvesandi ncr
easetheirt aqwa( gooddeedsandGod- consciousness) .T
he
predawnmeali sreferr
edt oassuhoor ,whil
ethenightl
yf east
st obreakt hefasti scal
led
i
f t
ar.
[23] [24]Spiri
tualrewards(thawab)f orfasti
ngarebel i
evedtobemul ti
plieddur i
ng
themont hofRamadan, [25]whenbel iev er
sdev ot
ethemselvestosalat(pr ayer
) ,reci
tat
ion
oftheQur an[26][
27]andt heperf or
manceofchar i
tabl
edeeds.
I
ftar
Mai
nar
ti
cle:
Ift
ar
Atsunset,famili
eshast
enf orthefast-
breaki
ngmealknownasiftar
.Datesareusuall
ythe
fi
rstfoodt obreakthefast
;accordingtotradi
ti
on,Muhammadbrokefastwiththreedates.
Fol
lowingthat,Musli
msgener al
lyadjournfortheMaghr i
bpr
ayer
,thefourt
hoft hefi
ve
dail
ypr ayers,aft
erwhi
cht hemainmeali sserved.
[53]
Socialgatheri
ngs,manyt i
mesi nabuf fetstyl
e,arefrequentatift
ar.T
radi
ti
onaldishesar
e
oftenhighli
ghted,i
ncludi
ngt r
adit
ionaldessert
s,andpar t
icul
arl
ythosemadeonlydur i
ng
Ramadan. Wateri
susuallythebeverageofchoice,butj uiceandmilkareal
sooften
avail
able,asar esoftdri
nksandcaf fei
natedbev er
ages.[49]
IntheMi ddleEast ,thei ft
armealconsi stsofwat er
,jui
ces,dates,saladsandappet i
zers,
oneormor emai ndi shes,andv ariouskindsofdesser t
s.Usually,thedessertist
hemost
importantpar tdur i
ngi ftar.
Typicalmai ndi shesarelambst ewedwi t
hwheatber r
ies,l
amb
kebabswi thgr i
ll
edv egetabl
es,orr oastchickenservedwi t
hchi ckpea-st
uddedr i
cepi l
af.A
ri
chdesser t,suchasl uqaimat,baklavaorkunaf eh(abuttery,syrup-sweetenedkadaifi
noodlepast ryfil
ledwi thcheese),concludest hemeal.[
54]
Ov ertime,if
tarhasgr ownintobanquetf est
ivals.Thi
sisat i
meoff el
lowshi
pwi thf amil
ies,
friendsandsur roundingcommuni ti
es,butmayal sooccupyl argerspacesatmasj idor
banquethal lsfor100ormor edi ners.
[55]Forexampl e,theSheikhZayedGr andMosquei n
AbuDhabi ,t
helargestmosquei nt heUAE,f eedsupt o30, 000peopl eattheGr andMosque
locationeverynightforift
ar.Theiftarisinvolvi
ngar ound400chef sandalmost5 00ser vi
ce
staffper son.T
hei ft
arfoodpacki ncludesdat esandyoghur tdr i
nk(laban)
.[5
6]Al so,One
oft hebiggestift
armeal sinthewor l
dt akespl aceinImam Rezashr ineinMashhadci t
y
everyyear ,wit
hsome1 2thousandpeopl eattendingev erynight.
[57]
Sour
ce:
wiki
pedi
a
