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Basic Components Functions PDF

This document discusses the basic construction and functions of aircraft parts. It includes diagrams of typical aircraft wing construction showing spars, ribs, and skin. It also shows fuselage structure types and landing gear systems. Additionally, it provides a weight distribution breakdown for transport aircraft and describes the functions of key structural elements like skin, stringers, spars, and frames in resisting loads and maintaining the aircraft's shape. The document is intended to teach students in the AE332 Aircraft Structures II course about basic aircraft construction and how different parts work together structurally.

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ameya thakar
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195 views12 pages

Basic Components Functions PDF

This document discusses the basic construction and functions of aircraft parts. It includes diagrams of typical aircraft wing construction showing spars, ribs, and skin. It also shows fuselage structure types and landing gear systems. Additionally, it provides a weight distribution breakdown for transport aircraft and describes the functions of key structural elements like skin, stringers, spars, and frames in resisting loads and maintaining the aircraft's shape. The document is intended to teach students in the AE332 Aircraft Structures II course about basic aircraft construction and how different parts work together structurally.

Uploaded by

ameya thakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Aerospace Engineering

AE332 - Aerospace Structures II

Basic Construction and Functions of Aircraft Parts

Figure 1: Parts of an aircraft

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
1
Figure 2 (a): Construction of a typical aircraft wing

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
2
Figure 2(b): Wing construction

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
3
Figure 3: Wing box cross-section

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
4
Figure 4: Typical wing spar configurations

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
5
Figure 5: Wing front spar (of C141 wing)

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
6
Figure 6: Typical wing rib configurations

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
7
Figure 7: Fuselage structure types

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
8
Figure 8(a): Typical landing gear system

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
9
Figure 8(b): Internal construction of a shock strut

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
10
Typical Transport Aircraft Wing Structural Weight Distribution

Engine 20%
Interior: 15%
System: 20%
Airframe: 45% 1) Wing 45% 2) Fuselage 45% 3) Tail 10%

Skin stringers and spar caps 39%


Access doors, splicers and attachments 8%
Spar webs 7%
Ribs 5%
Bulkheads 8%
LE and TE 11%
Secondary structures 4%
Control surfaces 18%

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
11
Functions of Skin or Cover

1. It transmits the aerodynamic forces to the longitudinal and transverse


supporting members by plate and membrane action
2. It develops shearing stresses which react to the applied torsional moments
and shear forces.
3. It acts with the longitudinal members in resisting the applied bending and axial
loads.
4. It acts with longitudinal in resisting the axial load with the transverse members
in reacting the hoop or circumferential load when the structure is
pressurized.
5. In addition to theses, it provides an aerodynamic surface and cover for the
contents of the vehicle.

• Spar webs play a role that is similar to function 2 of the skin.

Functions of Longitudinals, Stringers or Stiffenners (Longerons)

1. They resist bending and axial loads along with the skin.
2. They divide the skin into small panels and thereby increase its buckling and
failure stresses.
3. They act with the skin in resisting axial loads caused by pressurization.

• The spar caps in an aerodynamic surface perform functions 1 and 2.

Functions of Frames, Rings (Bulkheads)

1. Maintain cross section shape


2. Distribute concentrated loads into the structure and redistribute stresses
around structural discontinuities.
3. Establish the column length and provide end restraint for the longitudinal to
increase their column buckling stress.
4. Provide edge restraint for the skin panels and thereby increase the plate
buckling stress of these elements.
5. Act with the skin in resisting the circumferential loads due to pressurization.

Department of Aerospace Engineering


AE332 Aircraft Structures II
Course Instructor: Dr. PM Mohite
12

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