Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA)
• 6.5 dBi ≤ Directivity (Gain) ≤ 11 dBi
• 50 Ω ≤ Input Impedance ≤ 300 Ω
• Input Reactance ≈ 0 Ω
• Bandwidth: fhigh / flow ≤ 30
• Transmission line feeds: Coaxial (with infinite balun) or Twin-lead
• Optimal Design Procedure
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Log-periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) with (a) coaxial feed (this is typically 50 Ω or 75 Ω)
and (b) criss-crossed open-wire line for twin-lead feed (this is typically 300 Ω). [Kraus,
Figure 15-13, p. 708]
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History or Origin of LPDAs
Why? Need existed for broadband antennas
Where? University of Illinois
When? 1955-1961
Who? V. H. Rumsey
G. A. Deschamps
J. D. Dyson
P. E. Mayes
R. H. DuHamel
D. E. Isbell
F. R. Ore
D. G. Berry
R. L. Carrel
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Development Sequence
Dyson- Spiral Plate Antenna [Balanis, Figure 11.2 (a), p. 548]
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DuHamel & Isbell- (a) Planar and (b) wire logarithmically periodic antennas
[Balanis, Figure 11.6, p. 552]
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DuHamel & Isbell- Planar and wire trapezoidal toothed log-periodic
antennas [Balanis, Figure 11.7, p. 553]
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Trapezoidal wire antenna in Vee configuration [Rumsey, Figure 5.9, p.64]
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a) Dipole Array
b) Straight connection
Log-periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) with various connections. [Balanis, Figure
11.9, p. 555]
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c) Crisscross connection
d) Coaxial connection
Log-periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) with various connections. [Balanis, Figure
11.9, p. 555]
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Log-periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) with (a) coaxial feed (this is typically 50 Ω or 75 Ω)
and (b) criss-crossed open-wire line for twin-lead feed (this is typically 300 Ω). [Kraus,
Figure 15-13, p. 708]
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7 dBi LPDA with 11 dipoles showing an active central region and inactive
regions. [Kraus, Figure 15-10, p. 704]
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Notes
1) The lengths ln, locations Rn from apex, diameters dn, and gap
spacings sn of the dipole elements increase logarithmically as 1/τ,
where τ is a LPDA design parameter called the scale factor.
1 l R d s
e.g., = n +1 = n +1 = n +1 = n +1
τ ln Rn dn sn
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Notes continued
2) Another LPDA design parameter is the spacing factor σ.
Rn +1 − Rn
e.g., σ =
2 ln+1
3) By drawing straight lines through the ends of the dipole elements of
the LPDA, we see that they intersect at a point called the apex and
enclose an angle 2α.
−1 ⎡1 − τ ⎤
e.g., α = tan ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 4σ ⎦
Typically, 10° ≤ α ≤ 45° with 0.95 ≤ τ ≤ 0.7 where α and τ are
inversely related.
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Notes continued
4) The LPDA is a backfire array. i.e., the maximum radiation occurs
at the feed side (small end) of the antenna.
5) For a compact LPDA, larger values of α (smaller τ) are used. This
leads to fewer dipole elements. A trade-off is larger variations in the
input impedance and lower directivity (gain).
6) Smaller values of α (larger τ) LPDA designs have more elements
that are spaced more closely. This yields a larger LPDA. A benefit
is that more elements fall in the active region with the result being
smaller variations in the input impedance and higher directivity
(gain).
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