Chapter IV

Archaeological Sites &

Artefacts
 Chapter IV

Archaeological Sites &

Artefacts

The present chapter discusses that fairly a large number

of archaeological sites in district Muzaffarnagar have been dis-
covered where the remains dating back from Late Harappan
down to the Medieval period have been found. In addition to
these, associated cultural findings have thrown valuable light
on the archaeology of this district as well as the adjoinging
areas. It was, therefore, felt worthwhile to describe the details
of the explored sites of the district. The explorations together
with the survey of material remains from protohistoric period
to late Medieval period have been incorporated here to give an
idea of the cultural evolution. Such regional studies may pro-
vide sufficient information in reconstructing the cultural per-
spective of the area. The explorations have been conducted on
the basis of the parameters given below :
 75

a. Location of village
b. Site location in relation to village
c. Area of the site, height, length and breadth, any river, pond etc.
d. Nature of the mound-under cultivation, structures etc.
e. Culture of the mound whether single culture or multicultural
f. Distinctive features.
For convenience, the project was planned to work block
wise on the sites on the banks of the main rivers namely the
Ganga, Yamuna, Kali Nadi and their tributaries including Katha
Nala, Hindon, Krishni and Saloni. There are in all fourteen
blocks in 4 tehsils of the district. The details of the findings
are given below;
TEHSIL : MUZAFFARNAGAR
®/i?c^ .• Cfianfvwd
1. Alamgirpur : The village Alamgirpur is stretched in the
north-west direction on the border of the district Muzaffarnagar,
which divides it from the district Saharanpur. it is approxi-
mately 12 km away from the Charthawal block headquarters on
the right side of the Thana Bhawan-Charthawal road. To
approach the site there is no direct route. The site may be
approached from the village Biralsi. A kuccha approach road
joins it and leads to the site at a distance of about 4 km. The
village Alamgirpur lies towards north of the village Biralsi. The
site lies towards north-west of the village Alamgirpur. The
mound is quite significant with an average height of 3.5 m.
from the surrounding area. The mound is completely under
cultivation and farmers of the ai^joining fields are levelling
down the mound gradually. It covers an area of about 200 x
150 sq.m. The Hindon Nadi flows towards east of the village
hardly at a distance of about 2.5 km. The site is inaccessi-
ble during the rainy season.
Pottery : The earliest findings on the site appear to be Late
Harappan. The collection of the pottery from the site includes
 76

a few pieces of the Late Harappan which may represent part

of a big storage jar with rough outer texture on the lowerside
externally but on the upper side it is well polished which also
has black line on the red surface. The pottery is not well
baked. Another interesting piece is an indeterminate shape
which may be a piece of goblet with its base lost, thereby the
presence of a big perforation on the lower side. The piece has
well corrugated mark inside and smooth polished surface exter-
nally.
Another noteworthy objects are many pieces of thick
g r e y * ware which may belong to Late Harappan or OCP pe-
riod. A few sherds definitely belong to OCP period. Some
sherds are the pieces of discoid base. Next in chronology
come the sherds of OCP culture. The OCP sherds represent
vases having out-turned or collared rim, basins and many
ideterminate shapes. The pottery complex of this site has
yielded the same OCP characteristics which is ochrous, po-
rous and slipped as well as unslipped.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. An interesting terracotta sqattish drum-shaped bead with a
prominent hole on both the sides around the central hole.
It has engraved circlets. It's middle part has a pointed
carrination, unslipped; (Diam. 4.3 cm) of Early Historic
period. (PI. XIV A4).
2. Fragment of a terracotta wheel, hub is visible, unslipped;
, may be of OCP period (PI. XIV C4).
3. Fragment of a stone pestle; of Historic period.
2. Alipura : The village Alipura lies towards north-west of
the Charathawal block headquarters as well as the district
headquarters. It is about 15 km away from the Charthawal
block on the right side of the Charthawai-Thana Bhawan road.

* Such type of Grey ware sherds were founu at a very few places.
 77

There is no direct route to reach the site. One can reach the
site via village Biraisi by bus or by his own vehicle, from
there a kuccha road joins it and leads to the site at a dis-
tance of about 7 km. The village Alipura lies towards north of
the village Biraisi.
Though the mound has been converted into an agricultural
field, however, potteries have been collected from the slightly
elevated portion of it. The site covers an area of about 150 x
100 sq.m. It is full of greyish sand. The Hindon Nadi flows
towards east of the village at a distance of about 3.5 km. The
site is, however, difficult to reach during the rainy season.
Brick-bats are also scattered there, however, wedge
shaped-bricks measuring 30 x 22/17 x 6 cm. the key marks
generally used for making well have been found. Which may
belong to Kushana period. (PI. 1A). According to local people
there was a well but at present there is no sign of it.
Pottery : The antiquity of the site may go back to the OCP
period of the Upper Doab. Among OCP fragments of vases,
having out-turned rim, basins, pieces of discoid bases, bowls,
etc., were found. Red ware with usual shape of later periods
have also been collected. No antiquity was found during the
course of exploration.
3. Buddha Khera : The village Buddha Khera stands on
the right bank of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its eastern
boundary. It lies towards north-west of the Charthawal block
headquarters at a distance of about 9 km. The village Buddha
Khera lies on the right side of the Thana-Bhawan-Charthawal
road about 4 km away towards north of village Akbargarh. The
site is towards west of the village Buddha Khera. It is a low
mound covered with grass and small trees. It is difficult to ap-
proach the site during raifTy season.
Pottery : The site'^ h^is yielded the peramics of the Shunga
and Kushana period van'rf^of mecfifeval period. A tiny bowl has
 78

incurved circlets as decoration. No antiquity was found.

4. Badhai Kalan : The village Badhai Kalan stands on the
right side of the Kali Nadi which also forms its eastern bound-
ary. It is situated towards east of the Charthawal block head-
quarters at a distance of about 5 km. There is no direct route
to approach the site. However, one may first go the village
Badhai Khurd on the Charthawal-Chhapar road at a distance
of about 3.5 km, from where on the left side of the road a
kankar road bifurcates to lead to the site situated a distance
of about 1.5 km. The village Badhai Kalan stands on the
boarder (northern) village of the district Muzaffarnagar and
separates it from the district Saharanpur.
The mound is almost towards north of the village Badhai
Kalan. It was originally a considerable high mound but the ma-
jor portion of it has been cut down by the farmers of the ad-
joining fields. However, rest of it is intact which is yellowish in
colour and sandy in composition. The mound covers an area
of about 100 X 100 sq.m. It is different to approach the site
during the rainy season.
Pottery : Apparantly most of the sherds appear to be of OCR
Among these are ringed bases, basins vases and storage jars.
Other ceramics belong to the Kushana and Medieval period,
which includes usual shapes.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A terracotta indeterminate object, probably a gamesman
(PI. XIV 01).
2. An indeterminate terracotta object looking like a knob, may
be of OOP period. (PI. XIV 03).
5. Badh : The village Badh is situated towards north-west of
the Oharthawal block headquarters at 2 distance of about 10
km. It makes the western boundary of the Oharthawal block as
well as the Muzaffarnagar tehsil headquarters. It is situated on
the right side of the Thana Bhawan-Oharthawal road about 2
 79

km north of the village Biralsi. The mound has been badly

damaged and at present there is a school running over it. The
area of the mound is approximately 100x80 sq. m. and is
about 2.5 m. high from the surrounding area. The Hindon Nad!
flows towards east of the village Badh at a distance of about
3.5 km.
Pottery : It is a medieval site which includes the fragments of
vases, handis, vessels, and other big pots. Most of them are
sturdy and some of them bear thick red slip. No antiquity ex-
cept a large size pottery disc and a small terracotta ball, both
of them belonging to medieval period were found during the
course of exploration.
6. Charthawal : The village Charthawal is situated towards
north-west of the District headquarters at a distance of about
17 km on Muzaffarnagar-Thana Bhawan road. Charthawal, the
headquarters of pargana as well of a Development Block of
the same name, lies in 29°33' N and 77°36'E. There is no
mound worth the name. However, it is alleged that there was a
mound there earlier. The area is completely under cultivation.
The village falls between the doab of Hindon Nadi and Kali Nadi.
Pottery : This site belongs to historic period. The pottery col-
lected from the site represents red ware of historic period,
which includes sherds of vases and lid's, etc.. The sherds are
sturdy and of medium fabric. A few sherds have traces of slip.
No antiquity was found during the course of exploration.
7. Desalpur(Behari) : The village Desalpur stands on the
right side of the Kali Nadi, which also forms its eastern
boundary. It is an uninhabited site. The village Desalpur is
situated towards east of the Charthawal block headquarters at
a distance of about 8 km on the right side of the Charthawal-
Chhapar road.
The site Desalpur has already been reported earlier. How-
ever, my exploration confirms the earlier result. Earlier this vil-
 80

lage was a part of the village Baheri and as such it is re-

ported as Baheri. The site is towards east of the village
Baheri. It Is a low mound and under cultivation.
Pottery : The ceramics of this site are course Grey ware,
Red ware of Sunga and Kushana and Medieval period. Usual
wares of each were found.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the
site. Terracotta objects, like ear ring, fragmentary animal figu-
rines, fragmentary plaques with foot impression, dabbers and
handles were founds
8. Kasoli : The village Kasoli stands on the left bank of the
Hindon Nadi, which also forms its western boundary. It is situ-
ated towards north.-west of the Charthawal block headquarters
at a distance of about 7 km. There is no pucca road to ap-
proach the site. However, one may go to the site via Chaukra.
There is a brick paved link road which leads to the site from
Charthal. The site is towards south-west of the village Kasoli.
There is no mound except some elevated portion. The whole
area is under cultivation. Therefore, it is difficult to measure
the area of the site.
Pottery : A few sherds which look like OCR (?) were also
found. The remains of pieces include rims of vases and lids.
They all are plain. These shards appear to have faced a long
water action.
Though the mound has almost become indistinct, sherds
of red ware of early historic and medieval periods were picked
up from the slightly elevated part of the site. Usual shapes
were found. The pottery is generally sturdy and treated with a
wash. No antiquity were found on the site.
9. Kasyara : The village Kasyara lies towards east of the
Charthawal block headquarters at a distance of about 6 km.
on the right side of the Charthawal - Chhapar road. There is
1. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 - A Review, p. 54.
 8:

another route to visit the site, one may first go the village
Luhari a Late Harappan site on Muzaffarnagar-Thana Bhawan
road from where a kankar road leads to the village Badhai
Kalan via village Kasyara. The site lies towards east of the vil-
lage Kasyara. Formerly it may have been a mound but at
present it is rather a plain and under cultivation. The Kali NadI
flows on the left side of the site. The village falls in Khadar,
therefore, it is difficult to approach the site during rainy sea-
son. Due to standing crop it was difficult to measure the area
of the site.
Pottery : This place was ancient one is proved by the finds
of red wares of early historic and medieval periods. The pot
sterds include rims of vases, basins, dishes etc.
Antiquity : Among antiquites a small terracotta ball and a big
terracotta dabber having a hole on the top of the handle, hav-
ing slightly sagger base. (Upper diam, 9 cms and lower diam.
11 cms); of early historic period. (PI. XV A1).
10. Kalyana : The site is rich in its cultural heritage. The
village Kalyana stands on the right bank of the Kali Nadi
which also forms its eastern boundary. It is situated towards
south-east of the Charthawal block headquarters at a distance
of about 6 km. There is no direct route to approach the vil-
lage Kalyana. It is an uninhabited site. To approach the site
one may go upto village Dadhedu on Charthawal-Muzaffarnagar
road and a kuccha road joins it on the left and leads to the
site. The site is towards north-east of the village Dadhedu. The
mound covers an area of about 100x80 sq.m. and is about
2m. high from the surrounding area. However, villagers are
levelling down the mound gradually. On the top of the mound
there is a building complex of the Colonial period.
Pottery : The earliest culture of this site may be represented
by the Plain Grey Ware of usual shape. Red ware of medieval
period are also available. Some of them may belong to the
 82

early and late historic period.ese include big jars basins,

vasee, etc.
Antiquity : Among antiquities fragment of an undefined animal
figurine representing its front part was found. However, its ma-
jor portion is damged. Only the front mutilated part is avail-
able. It is well baked and bears bright red slip over it. A por-
tion of front legs is visible. Though the period is not deter-
mined, however, it may belong to early Medeival/Gupta period.
(PI. XV B1).
1 1 . Kulheri - 1
12. Kulheri - 2 The village Kulheri stands on the left bank
of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its western boundary. It
is situated towards west of the Charthawal block headquarters
at a distance of about 4 km. On Charthawal- Thana Bhawan
road where the rajwaha crosses the road, along with the
rajwaha, on the left side a newly built brick-paved road leads
to the village. The village can also be approached via Nagia
Rai and Mahabalipur. The site is towards north of the village
Kulheri. It covers an area of about 100x100 sq.m. with a
height of about 2 m. from the ground level. The major portion
of the mound is intact, but is damaged by a village cart road
which divides it into two parts. The mound looks sandy and
yellowish brown in colour. During the rainy reason it is diffi-
cult to reach the site owing to marshy road.
Pottery : The site is considerable important from archaeologi-
cal point of view. It has a rich cultural deposites. It has
yielded the pottery pieces, ranging from the OCP to the Red
ware of medieval period except NBP ware during the course
of exploration. The pottery includes fragments of some indeter-
minate shapes of OCP. However, these need confirmation.
Among other wares are PGW, Plain Grey Ware, Black Slipped
and Red Ware of Sunga and Kushan and Medieval period.
Among the pottery types of some sherd of bowls and dishes
 83

of PGW, some having grey slip and black painting externally are
present. Among the pottery types of other ware/period which in-
cludes fragment of vases, pedastalled bowls, dishes, globular pots,
miniature pots and basin, etc. The latter may belong to early his-
toric period and of medieval period.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A terracotta large ghata (vase) shaped bead of which lower
part is partially damaged. It has a prominent hole in the cen-
tre. It is crudely made unslipped. (PI. XIV B1).
2. Fragment of a wheel and a pottery disc.
13. Khanjahanpur : The village Khanjahanpur is situated on the
south-east boarder of the Charthawal block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 10 km on Muzaffarnagar-Charthawal road. It can
easily be approached from district headquarters towards west at a
distance of about 3 km on Muzaffarnagar-Shamoli road. The site
is easily approachable because it lies just on the right edge of
the aforesaid road after crossing the Kali Nadi bridge. There is a
kuccha road leading to the site. The village Khanjahanpur stands
on the right bank of the Kali Nadi which also forms its eastern
boundary. The site is popularity known as Dallo Devata Ka Tila.
The natives offer Puja to the diety every Thursday.
The mound covers an area of about 150x150 sq.m. However,
originally it was a big mound. At present it is approximately 6 m.
high from the surrounding area. A major portion of it has been
levelled down by the farmers of adjoining fields for the purpose of
agriculture. Inspite of the levelling down the mound it is still of a
considerable size. On the top of the mound there are newly con-
structed temples which house a few images of Lord Shiva and
Ganesha collected from the mound under a banyan tree. There is
a plastered brick platform over which a Naga image has been In-
stalled. The place is famous for Naga worship. A legend goes that
the husband of the daughter of king Sanwaldeva had died due to
snake bite as he tried to kill it. However, he became alive after
some days when his newly-wed consort worshipped the Naga.
Pottery : The site is very rich in its cultural remains. The antiq-
 84

uity of the site goes back to the OCP culture. Next in chro-
nology come PGW which is present here in considerable
amount along with Plain Grey Ware. The paintings include rim
bands, dashes, circlets etc. in black pigment. A few Plain
Grey Ware sherds have grooves. The red includes early his-
toric as well as medieval pottery. Pot sherds of terracotta
glazed ware and a few sherds having greyish core and red
surface belonging to medieval period have also been found. A
few brick-bats were also seen here.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of an indeterminate animal figurine probably a
lion. It is badly mutilated., but forelegs are partly pre-
served. It has yawning mouth?. Tail is also partly visible.
It is unslipped and may be assigned to the Kushana
period? (L-5 cm, w-4 cm) (PI. XV C2).
2. A terracotta disc and a ball of medieval period.
14. Luhari : The village Luhari is a situated towards east of
the Charthawal block headquarters at a distance of about 4
km. on the left side of the Charthawal-Muzaffarnagar road. It
is easily approachable and presents a rich site from archaeo-
logical point of view. The site is in the vicinity of the village
Luhari, which stands on about half km off the road side.
The mound was originally considerably high but at present
it has been cut down vertically almost from all sides by the
villagers who have settled over the mound. Inspite of these
damages, the height of the mound is still approximately 2.5 m.
from the surrounding area. It covers an area of about 100x100
sq.m. Some brick-bats are still seen in the section. The site
falls between the doab of Hindon Nadi and Kali Nadi.
Pottery : The pottery complex of the site includes pieces of
vases, storage jars, pedastaKed bowls, which appear to belong
Late Harappan period. They all are unslipped, therefore, may
be OCP sherds. After Late Harappan new culture is repre-
 85

sented after a long long gap by Painted Grey and Plain Grey
Ware sherds. There also appear the frcagments of dishes and
bowls. The sherds appear to be of medium fabric and well
levigated clay and after PGW people the site again was in-
habited in the medieval period, which is represented by thick
grey ware and red ware.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A terracotta arica nut shaped bead having a groove near
the base, partially damaged, ill-fired, blackish, may belong
to Early Historic period. (PI. XIV A5).
2. Fragment of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine,
representing rear part. Partly its hind legs are visible. It
has a fine slip and is well-baked. Though period cannot
be pinpointed, it may belong to Early Historic period.
(PI. XV C5).
3. Fragment of a terracotta human figurine of which the
upper portion is missing and between the legs there is
perhaps a seat provided to sit on an animal. Legs have
incised nail mark. It is hand made and of red colour and
assignable to Medieval period (L-13 cm, W-13 cm) (PI.
XVI A).
15. Mahmoodpur : The village Mahmoodpur stands on the
left bank of the Kali Nadi, which also forms its eastern bound-
ary. The village Mahoodpur is also known as Laker Sangha.
It is situated towards south east of the Charthawal block head-
quarters at a distance of about 7 km on the left side of the
Charthawal-Muzaffarnagar road. It stands midway between
Muzaffarnagar and Charthawal and can be approached through
the same road.
The site is significant in its cultural remains which has
yielded Late Harappan OCP, Sunga, Kushana and Medieval
pottery. The site is towards north of the village Mahmoodpur. It
is a low but wide spread mound which covers an area of
 86

about 200x150 sq.m. and is about 2 m. high from the sur-

rounding area. A major portion of the mound has been utilized
by the farmers for cultivation, but rest of it is intact. It is
sandy and loose in composition. During rainy season it is dif-
ficult to approach the site.
Pottery : The pottery of the site includes earliest remains rep-
resented by Late Harappan wares in which broken pieces of
rims of big storage jars, pedestalled bowls, basins, etc have
been found. Next in chronology is represented by OCP, which
includes rims of bowls, both deep and shallow, a few sherds
are ill-baked, which look like dull red ware. The general char-
acteristic of ware is porous and unslipped generally of medium
fabric. The ware of both cultures are unslipped. It is signifi-
cant to note that a big storage jar rim of the Late Harappan
Ware is sliped. One important sherd has incised zig-zag de-
sign and vertical dashes in the upper part in between two par-
allel circlets, is just below a groove. Oblique dashes also
wccur externally. All designs have been done externally on a
unslipped surface. Other wares found from the site may be-
long to Kushana period. However, the site has yielded the
maximum numbers of the pottery of medieval period which in-
cludes vases, bowls, basins and other smaller pots etc.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A nicely made ghata (vase) shaped terracotta bead of me-
dium size. It has a prominent hole in the centre. Neck part
is carefully separated from the lower body. Unslipped, it may
be of Kushana/Late Mauryan period. (PI. XIV B2).
2. A stone pestle partially damaged, blackish. (PI. XVI B6).
3. An indeterminate stone object having canties on all sides, de-
liberately executed. Though its period is not determinable ex-
actly but it may belong to early historic period. (PI. XVI B1).
4. A stone pebble with smooth surface, probably used as a
pestle.
 87

5. Fragment of an indeterminate terrecotta cylinderical object

of Ochre Colour Pottery group (L-6 cm, Diam.- 4 cm).
(PI. XIV C6).
6. Fragment of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine. It is
badly mutiliated, however, its rear part is preserved but
legs, tail and head are missing. It has traces of slip and
can be assigned to Historical (Gupta) period. (PI. XV B2).
7. Fragment of another indeterminate terracotta animal figu-
rine; it is badly mutiliated. Only part of its fore legs are
visible and head is missing though its lower part can be
seen. Unslipped; of Kushana period. (L-4 cm, H-2.5 cm).
(PI. XV B3).
8. Lower part of a terracotta human figurine of which only a
leg and waist parts are preserved, its period is not deter-
minable.
9. Upper part of a terracotta dabber with a hole at the top
of the handle (PI. XV A2).
10. Fragment of an terracotta skin scrabber (Jhawa) having
pecked holes on one side. It may belong to early Historic
period. (PI. XVI 03).
11. A terracotta ball, partially damaged; of ochre OOP
group (PI. XVII A5).
12. Leg of a terracotta animal figurine.
16. Nagla-Rai : The village Naglarai stands on the left bank
of the Hindon Nadi, which also forms its western boundary. It
is on the Charthawa-Thana Bhawan road at a distance of
about 2 km towards west. The village Naglarai is linked with a
kuccha approach road from the aforesaid road. The site is to-
wards north-west of the village Naglarai.
The mound is sandy and yellowish brown in colour. It
covers an area of about 170x100 sq.m. and is approximately
3.5 m. high from the surrounding area. It is not approach-
able during the rainy season.
 88

Pottery : The ceramics of this site includes PGW, Plain Grey

ware and those of early historic £.nd medieval periods. The
fragments of spouled pots, bowls, vases, knotted lids, footed-
bowls or lids, etc. have been found. Some of them particularly
those of medieval period have rope pattern decoration.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragments of a sandstone pestle, probably of PGW period.
2. A terracotta broken legs of some animal figurine; period
not determinable.
17. Nimau : The site is significant and rich in its cultural
heritage. It stands on the right bank of the Hindon Nadi which
also form its eastern boundary. The village is on the right side
of the Charthawal-Thana Bhawan road after crossing Hindon
Nadi at a distance of about 8 km. To approach the site one
may first go by bus or his own vehicle upto village Akbargarh,
a distance of about 5 km. on the same road from there a
kuccha road joins it which leads to the site.
The site is towards east of the village nearly on the edge
of the Hindon Nadi. The mound has been badly damaged by
the villagers as they have utilized about 1/3rd area of the
mound for cultivation. Rest of the mound is intact and covered
with grass. There are some trees of the top of the mound. The
area of the mound is about 200x150 sq.m. and is about 4m.
from the ground level. The site is locally known as Saiyidon
ka Khera. It is difficult to approach the site during the rainy
season. (PI. XXI A).
Pottery : The site appears an ancient one as the pot-shards
generally include specimen of PGW and Plain Grey Ware. It's
antiquity may go back to the PGW period^. The explorations
revealed that there has been a break of occupation at the site.
The next group of ceramics may belong to the early

2. Tripathi, Vibha. An Iron Aqe Culture of Northern India, (Delhi, 1975), p. 129.
 89

Christian centuries and Medieval period while in PGW usual

shapes were found. The red ware of historic and medieval pe-
riod includes carinated handis, storage jars, inscence burner,
pedestalled bowls, vases, etc.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a stone pestle.
2. Fragments of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine
representing rear part fore legs; tail and head are miss-
ing. It's hind legs are partly damaged; traces of slip are
found. PGW period (PI. XV C4).
3. A stone plaque depicting Lord Vishnu, two hands and up-
per part missing. Medieval period. (PI. XVII B).
4. A sandstone disc (Chakra) of an image of Vishnu housed
in a temple. Post Gupta period. (PI. XVII C2).
5. A stone male head wearing a crown. It's face is badly
multiliated. IX-X cent. A.D. Housed in a newly con-
structed temple. (PI. XVII C1).
6. A seated stone image of some diety. It has a hallow.
Post-Gupta period. Housed in above mentioned temple.
(PI. XVIII A2).
7. Stone image of a lady in dancing pose. Lower part is
missing. The lady wears amulets, necklace and gridle.
Post-Gupta period. (PI. XVIII A1).
8. A round silver coin of Shri Samantadeva (Late 9th cen-
tury A.D.).
(i) Obv : A sitting bull probably Nandi and a legend in
Brahmi
(ii) Rev : A horse rider holding a shaft.
Weight : 2.335 gm., Diam. : 1.8 cm,. (PI. XVIII 82)
18. Pipalsha - 1
19. Pipalsah - 2
20. Pipalsah - 3 The village Pipalsah stands on the right
bank of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its eastern bound-
 90

ary. The village is on the left side of the Charthawal-Thana-

Bhawan road after crossing Hindon at a distance of about 8
km. It can be approached by a metalled road (Charthawal-
Thana Bhawan road) upto the village Aranch at a distance of
about 5 km. Just opposite of this village towards south a
kuccha road joins the main road which leads straight to the
site.
The site is towards north-east of the village Pipalsah. It is
in the vicinity of the village. The mound covers an area of
about 250x200 sq.m. It's height is approximately 2 m. from the
ground level. The whole area of the mound is under cultiva-
tion. The pot-sherds were collected from the furrows of the
field. The mound is divided into three parts and is sandy in
nature. The farmers of adjoining fields are levelling down the
mound gradually. During rainy season its approach road be-
comes out of use.
Pottery : From the archaeological point of view the site is
considerably significant and rich in its cultural heritage.
Though no antiquity was found from the site, the earliest pot-
tery of the site is OCP. Generally all of them ware indetermi-
nate shapes. However, one sherd appears of a vessel (handi
type ?). The second important group was represented by the
Painted and Plain Grey Ware. Some of the Plain Grey Ware
sherds have grooves. A few Black-Slipped ware and Brownish
ware (due to firing effect) were also noticed. These sherds
were generally of bowls. Among the Plain Grey Wares a few
sherds representing basins could be assigned to the early
NBP Ware phase. However, no sherd of NBP ware was found
during the course of exploration. Among the red wares, frag-
ments of vases, basins, bowls, handis, etc. were found. Gen-
erally the pottery is ill fired and of dull colour. However, a few
of them are well baked. A majority of them appear to belong
to early Christian era.
2 1 . Rohana-Kalan : It is the border village of the district
Muzaffarnagar which stands on the nght bank of the Kali
Nadi. It is situated towards north-east of the Charthawal block
headquarters at a distance of about 15 km on the left side of
the Charthawal-Chhapar road. It can easily be approached
from Muzaffarnagar district headquarter at a distance of about
15 km on Muzaffarnagar -Saharanpur road.
The site lies towards east of the village Rohana Kalan and
Saharanpur-Muzaffarnagr railway line is towards west of the
site at a distance of about 1/2 km. It is also an important
mound, which covers an area of about 150x100 sq.m. and is
about 4 m. high from the ground level. Except the periphery
which is under cultivation, the whole mound is intact. It is cov-
ered with grass and some trees. A few Sadhus have their
hutment over it. Like the other mounds of the tahsil this mound
also looks sandy and brownish in colour.
Pottery : The site has yielded a variety of pottery sherds in-
cluding those of PGW, Plain Grey Ware, Black-slipped and
red ware includes sherds of historic and medieval period.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A te^acotta arica nut shaped bead, which has a small
carved circle on the base around the central hole. It is
partly damaged. Unslipped. (PI. XIV A2).
2. Fragment of a terracotta disc having cresent like notches
on either side of the edges. Painted Grey Ware period.
3. An irregularly shaped terracotta ball. (PI. XVII A6).
4. A badly corroded terracotta dullred human head, having
prominent head gear in a damaged state. Mauryan period.
22. Rasulpur : The village Rasulpur stands on the right bank
of the Kali Nadi., which also forms its eastern boundary, it is
situated towards east of the Charthawal block headquarters at
a distance of about 2.5 km. There is a kuccha road between
the Charthawal and village Rasulpur. There is no mound worth
 92

the name, however, pottery was collected from the slightly el-
evated portion of the site. This site is also under cultivation.
Pottery : It is an ancient site which has yielded red ware of
early Christian centuries and medieval period. Usual shapes
were found. Pot-sherds are sturdy and of medium fabric.
Some sherds have traces of slip.
Antiquity : Some copper coins were found among antiquities
which belong to medieval period. Probably Fulus of Akbar's
time. Its legend is defaced. (PI. XVIII C) A small terracotta
ball was also found.
23. Saidpur Kalan : The village Saidpur Kalan stands on the
right bank of the Kali Nadi which also forms its eastern
boundary. It is situated towards east of the Charthawal block
headquarters at a distance of about 3 km on the left side of
the Charthawal-Chhapar road from where a kankar road bifur-
cates leading to the site. It is an adjacent village of the village
Badhai Kalan - an OCP site towards north. The site is towards
east of the village Saidpur Kalan. The mound is about 3 m.
high from the ground level. It's area is about 100x80 sq.m.
This mound is also completely under cultivation.
Pottery : Though no antiquity was found from the site, the
earlier ceremics of the site is Grey Ware which includes bowls,
vases and basins etc. A few medium size pot-sherds probably
belong to NBP Ware phase. Red ware sherds, mostly vases
and basins, belong to Kushana as well as Medieval period.
24. Sikandarpur : The village Sikandarpur stands on the
right bank of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its eastern
boundary. It is situated towards west of the Charthawal block
headquarters at a distance of about 7 km. To approach the
site one may first go to village Akbargarh, crossing Hindon
Nadi at a distance of about 5 km. on Charthawal-Thana
Bhawan road. From there a kuccha road joins it and lead to
the site. The nature of the site is sandy and brownish in
 93

colour. There is no mound but some elevated portion can be

seen. It covers an area of about 50x50 sq.m. It is also under
cultivation. It is the adjacent village of Niamu- a PGW site to-
wards the south.
Pottery : The site is rich in its cultural heritage. The pottery
of the site includes sherds of OCP mostly indeterminates in
shape, PGW and Red Ware of Medieval period. In PGW group
mostly dishes and bowls were found and red ware is mainly
represented by vases, basins etc.
Antiquity : Among antiquities an irregular pottery disc having
the diameter of 5 cm. (PI. XIX A1). It's period is not determi-
nable. A terracotta head was also found.
25. S i n g a l p u r : The village Singalpur is situated towards
south-east of the Charthawal block headquaters at a distance
of about 8 km. on the left side of the Charthawal-
Muzaffarnagar road. There is no mound however, the potteries
were collected from the elevated part of the site. It covers an
area of about 80x60 sq.m. and is completely under cultivation.
The village lies between the doab of Hindon Nadi and Kali
Nadi.
Pottery : The site has yielded red wares of Medieval period.
However, same of them may belong to the early christian era.
These are all well burnt and sturdy. Fragments include the ba-
sins of various types. Some sherds have the traces of slip.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragments of a terracotta handle. Its end has a knob. It
may be handle of some incense burner which is
unslipped, assignable to Medieval period (handle diameter
5 cm, extant length 11 cm). (PI. XVI C I ) .
2. Another fragment of a terracotta handle broken. Only knob
is available. Unslipped. (PI. XVI C2),.
Block : Baghra
2 6 . Biidina-Kalan : The village Budina Kalan stands on the
 94

right bank of the Hindon Nadi, which forms its eastern bound-
ary. It is situated towards south-west of the Baghra block
headquarters at a distance of about 16 km. on the left side of
Muzaffarnagar-Shamli road. From the village Dhobi a metalled
road leads to the village Sisauli via Budina Kalan.
The mound is toward west of the village Budina Kalan at
a distance of about one km. The mound is, however, low with
a height of approximately 3 m. from the ground level. It cov-
ers an area of about 150x100 sq.m. Only a small portion of
the mound is intact and rest of 3/4 part of the mound is un-
der cultivation. It is loose in composition and is full of sand.
Pottery : The site appears to be of Late Harappan and PGW
phases. Among other ceramic groups found are Grey Ware,
Black-Slipped ware and associated red ware of NBP phase.
However, no NBPW was found from the site during the course
of exploration. The pot-sherds inc'ude fragments of dishes,
bowls, basins, vases etc. No antiquity was found during the
course of exploration.
2 7 . Baghra : It is a Medieval site situated on Muzaffarnagar-
Baghra road at a distance of about 16 km. It is a very low
mound. However, usual shapes were collected.
28. Dhoira : The village Dhaira stands on the right bank of
the Hindon Nadi which also forms its eastern boundary. The
village Dhoira is situated towards west of the Baghra block
headquarters. It lies on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-
Shamli road at a distance of about 14 km. The site is towards
north-west of the village which is almost plain in nature. Its
area could not be measured due the standing crops.
Pottery : The site has yielded red ware of Sunga-Kushana
and Medieval periods which are both slipped and unslipped.
Some of them have black painting over red surface. They
include various types of vases having inturned, out-turned or
collared rim, pedastalled bowls, dishes etc.
 95

Antiquity : No antiquities worth mentioning were found except

three terracotta balls of different sizes. (PI. XVII A 1-3).
29. Dhansani - 1
30. Dhansani - 2 The village Dhansani stands on the left
bank of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its western bundary.
It lies towards west of the Baghra block headquarter at a dis-
tance of about 10 km on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-
Shamli road. The mound is, however, low but spread over an
area about 250x200 sq.m. It is sandy and blackish brown in
colour.
Pottery : The site belongs to historic period, the sherds in-
clude fragments of vases, basins, bowls, etc. Most of them are
all dull red and ill-fired. Handis are also available. Some ves-
sels have groovs on the neck.
Antiquity : Among antiquities only a terracotta ball was found
during the course of exploration. (PI. XVII A4).
3 1 . Dhindhaoli - 1
32. Dhindhaoli - 2 It is the border village of the Baghra
block which separates it from Budhana block, it stands on the
left bank of the Hindon Nadi which also forms its western
boundary. It lies towards south-west of the Baghra block head-
quarters at a distance of about 17 km. There is no direct
route to approach the site. One can approach the site through
village Titawi by bus or by his own vehicle at a distance of
about 10 km on Muzaffarnagar-Shamli road, where towards
south on the left side a brick road joins it and leads to the
site hardly 7 km away from the village Titawi.
The site is towards east of the village Dhindhaoli and cov-
ers an area of about 100x100 sq.m. with a height of about
3m. from the surrounding area. It is divided into two parts by
a road to the east of the village. Major portion of the mound
is intact but periphery has been demolished and is under cul-
tivation. The mound has slightly compact yellowish-brown earth.
 96

Pottery : The site has yielded a large number of sherds dur-

ing the course of exploration beginning from the NBPW phase
represented by the thick Grey Ware. However, no NBPW was
found. Associated wares include incurved bowls, vases with el-
liptical collar are also available. A few sherds appear to be-
long to Kushana period. A few sherds bear black painting with
dashes over red surface.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site;
1. Fragments of a terracotta bangle with elepticai cross-sec-
tion. (PI. XIX B1).
2. Fragments of a terracotta bangle with grooves runing
along the surface. (PI. XIX B2).
3. An arica nut shaped terracotta bead.
33. Kinoni : It is also a Medieval site situated on Muzaffarnagar
Baghra road at a distance of about 10 km. However, pottery could
not be collected from the site.
34. Ladwa - 1
35. Ladwa - 2 It is the northern border village of the Baghra
block and separates it from Charthawal block. It lies towards
north-west of the Baghra block headquarter at a distance of
about 11 km on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-Shamli
road. To approach the site there is a kuccha road which joins
it with the village Dhoira via Jasoi.
The mound is just on the left edge of the Hindon nadi to-
wards west of the village Ladwa. it is a low mound which is
slopy towards west and covers an area of about 100x80 sq.m.
with a height of about 2 m. from the surrounding area. The
mound is divided into two parts by rain gullies. However,
potteries were found equally on both the mound. The farmers
of adjoining fields are levelling down the mound. During the
rainy season it is not easy to reach the site.
Pottery : Since a few sherds look ochreous the site may be-
long to OCP period. However, nothing can be said without ex-
 97

cavation. But the second culture belongs to PGW period.

Some sherds of Plain Grey Ware may belong to Mauryan pe-
riod. Red ware of early Christian era are present which in-
cludes bowls, basins, storage jars, etc.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragments of a small terracotta solid wheel with central
hole. Unslipped. It may belong to OCR group.(PI.XIV B6).
2. Fragments of a terracotta solid wheel, bigger in size. Part
of the central hole is visible. Unslipped. (Diam. 4.5 cm)
Assigned to Medieval period. (PI. XIV 84).
3. A small pottery disc, partially damaged may belong to
PGW period.
36. Q a z l k h e r a : The village Qazikhera is situated towards
east in the Baghra block headquarters at a distance of about
4 km. on the right side of Bathra-Muzaffarnagar road. The site
is towards south of the village Qazikhera and is completely un-
der cultivation. There is no mound except some elevated ter-
rains. A tube-well has been bored on the top of the mound.
The village falls in the doab of the Hindon Nadi and Kali Nadi.
Pottery : The village is a Medieval site which has yielded red
ware of Medieval period during the course of exploration. The
pot-sherds include vessels, basins, storage jars etc. Generally
pot shereds are of medium fabric and dull red ware.
Antiquity : Follov^ng antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A terracotta arica nut shaped bead having grooves on the
base, slightly blackish (PI. XIV A6).
2. A pottery disc (PI. XIX A3).
Block : Muzaffarnagar
37. Badheri : The village Badheri is situated towards north-
east of the Muzaffarnagar block headquaters at a distance of
about 9 km. on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-Purkazi
road. The site is towards west of the village Badheri. The
mound is very low which covers an area of about 100x80
 98

sq.m. Towards west at a distance of aboutl.5 km. flows the

Kali Nadi.
Pottery : The site appears Medieval which has yielded dull as
well as sturdy red wares. An important type is an elongated
pot having a narrow mouth and flat rim. However, a few sherds
of vases with either inturned, out-turned or elliptical collared
rim have also been found. Most of them are treated with a
wash. No antiquity was found during the course of the explo-
ration.
38. J a r o d a : It is the southern border village of the district
headquarters as well as the block headquarters which demar-
cates it from district Meerut. The village Jaroda stands on the
left bank of the Kali Nadi, which also forms its western bound-
ary. It is situated towards south of the Muzaffarnagar block
headquarters on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-Meerut
road at a distance of about 7 km. The site is in the vicinity
of the village Jaroda. The village is also known as Jaroda-
Panda. The terrain is flat and under cultivation.
Pottery : It has yielded generally red ware of the late Histori-
cal phase. Some of them may belong to Late Gupta period.
Fragments of bowl, basins, handis, etc. were found. Generally
they are treated with a wash.
Antiquity : Among antiquities a silver coin and a pottery disc
of Medieval period were found during the course of explora-
tion. The details of the coin is given below: (PI. XIX C)
Obv. Persian legend. Rev. ; Persian legend
Weight 10 gm, Diam.: 1.8 cm,
39. K a n a m h e r i : It is the eastern border village of the
Muzaffarnagar block headquarrters. The village is situated on
the left side of the Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor road at a distance of
about 13 km. towards the east. The mound, completely under
cultivation, is full of sand and looks brownish in colour.
Pottery : The site appears to belong to early medieval period.
 99

It has yielded thick and sturdy red ware of utilitarian type. A

few pot-sherds have paintings in black over red surface.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A stone ball of Medieval period.
2. Probably a terracotta coin mould. (PI. XX A & B).
4 0 . Lachhera : The village Lachhera is situated towards
south of the Muzaffarnagar block headquarters at a distance
of about 8 km. There is no direct route to approach the site.
However, from Purbalian, it is hardly 4 km. towards north. It
stands on the right bank of the Kali Nadi, which also forms its
eastern boundary. The mound is towards north of the village
Lachhera which is totally occupied by the residential houses.
The height of the mound is approximately 3 m. high from the
ground level. However its area could not be measured.
Pottery : The red ware of the medieval period were observed
at the site. However, no pottery was could be collected from
the site.
4 1 . IVIirapur : The village Mirapur stands on the right bank
of the Kali Nadi which also forms it eastern boundary. Adjoing
the village is another village Semali. There is no direct route
to approach the site. However, it can be approached via vil-
lage Purbalian in Shahpur block from there it is about 4 km
north. It is about 5 km. towards south from Muzaffarnagar
block headquarters.
The site is towards east of the village on the edge of the
river and is known as Guphawale Pir. There are four Pirs in
the village. The mazar, which lies on the top of the mound is
one of them. Near the mazar there is a newly constructed
house and a hand-pump. The mound covers an area of about
200x100 sq.m. It is about 4 m. high from the ground level.
The mound is vertically cut down and a section can be seen.
Pot sherds were collected from this area also. However, pe-
riphery of the mound is under cultivation. It would be difficult
 100

to approach the site during rainy season. (PLATE XXI B).

Pottery : It is a PGW site^ Here Mauryan wares are also
found. The paintings on sherds generally have linear designs.
42. Mirzapur : The village Mirzapur lies towards north of
Muzaffarnagar block headquarters at a distance of about 14
km. on the left side of the Muzaffarnagar-Purkazi road. It is
an uninhabited village. The mound is almost flatfish and cov-
ered with grass.
Pottery : The site has yielded red ware of medieval'' period
which is represented by usual shapes. No antiquity was found.
43. Mimlana : The village Mimlana stands on the left bank
of the Kali Nadi which also forms its western boundary, it is
situated towards north of the Muzaffarnagar block headquarters
at a distance of about 3.5 km. on the left side of the
Muzaffarnagar-Purkazi road. It is an easily approachable site
also connected by a pucca road to the district headquarters.
Pottery : It is also a Medieval site which includes the sherds
of vases, handis, vessels, dishes etc. Some of them have in-
cised decorative motifs. Generally they are treated with a wash.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fra'gments of a terracotta leg of an animal figurine of
Medieval period. (PI. XX C1).
2. Fragment of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine,
representing front part. It is probably a bull, one horn and
one ear are visible. Medival period. (PI. XV C3).
44. Molaheri : The village Molaheri is situated on the south
of the Muzaffarnagar block headquarters at a distance of
about 9 km. and it is also 3 km away towards north of the
village Purbalian-an OCP site. The site is towards east of the

3. Gaur, R.C. and Lai, M., Archaeological Exploration in District Muzaffamagar,

Litter Pradesh.-The Proto and Early Historic Phase. Paper presented at Indian
History Congress 52nd Session, 1992, New Delhi, unpublished.

4. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 - A Review, p. 54.

 101

village Molaheri. There is no mound. However, on the edge of

the fields some elevated portion can be seen. The site covers
an area of about 3 acres. Most part of the mound has been
used for cultivation. There is a tube well dug adjacent to the
mound.
The village Molaheri stands on the right bank of the Kali
Nad! which also forms its eastern boundary. The mound is,
however, very low. The nature of the mound, as usually found
in the tahsil is dark brownish and sandy. During the rainy sea-
son it is not easy to reach the site.
There is another mound towards north of the village parallel
to the Kali Nadi. This mound is also under cultivation and covers
an area of about 4.5 acre. However, pot sherds were picked up
from the soil turned by the furrow in the field (PI. XXI C).
Pottery : The pottery# from the site includes sherds of Medi-
eval period. Red ware of Medieval period has the usual shapes.
However, a few pot-sherd are grooved and treated with a wash.
No antiquity was found during the course of the exploration.
4 5 . Nara : The village Nara, previously known as Narvargarh
is situated towards southern part of the tahsil and block
Muzaffarnagar where the boundaries of tahsil Budhana join it.
The site is about 10 km. away on the left side of the
Muzaffarnagar-Meerut road. At a distance of about 8 km a
kuccha road joins the aforesaid road, which leads to the site.

Though the site has yielded the pottery of early Historic

and Medieval periods including glazed ware, at present no
mound is seen and the area has been turned into a field with
slight elevation in the central part.
Pottery : The site is rich in yielding the Medieval red ware of
various types. Some of them may belong to premedieval pe-
riod but the same cannot be determined without excavation.

Acording to Gaurand Makkhan Lai it is an OCP/LH sKe.

 102

Some of the pots were decorated with black painting over red
surface with grooves. Among the pot-sherds are bowls, dishes,
basins, globular pots, etc. Among antiquities a stone ball was
found, which belongs to Medieval period.
46. Parai : The village Parai is situated towards north-east of
the Muzaffarnagar block headquarter at a distance of about 14
km. on the right side of the Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road.
There is no mound worth the name. However, potteries were
collected from the elevated part of it. Kali Nadi flows towards
west of the village at a distance of about 2.5 km.
Pottery : It is a Medieval site which has yielded sturdy and
thick red ware, circular storage jars, bowls, basins, etc.
Glazed wares have also been found. However, no antiquity was
found during the course of exploration.
4 7 . Rai : The village Rai stands on the left side of the Kali
Nadi which also forms its western boundary. It is about 12 km.
away towards north from the Muzaffarnagar block headquarters
on the left side of the Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road. It is one
of the important sites of the tahsil Muzaffarnagar and was al-
ready reported in lAR 1963-64.
The site lies towards south-east of the village Rai. The major
part of the mound has been levelled down by the villagers for
cultivation. The existing mound measures approximately 100x120
sq.m. The height of the mound is about 4 m. from the ground
level. It not easy to approach the site during rainy season.
Pottery : The earliest ceramic of the site is Grey Ware of
NBPW phase. Though no NBPW was found, associated pot-
tery including sherds of incurved bowls, vases with elliptical
collar etc. were available. A few sherds of Black-Slipped ware
were also found. Among the red wares belonging to the
Kushana period, have black painting over red surface.
Antiquity : The antiquities collected include a terracotta disc
and a terracotta seal with ( ) 'ma' letter in Brahmi script
 103

having a decorative curve line below. (PI. XX A & B2). It may

be added that a pot-sherd of thick Grey Ware was found ear-
lier from here bearing three Brahmi letters^.
48. Rampur : This site is situated hardly at a distance of
about 3.5 km towards south along the left bank of Kali Nadi.
It is also towards north of Muzaffarnagar block headquarters
at a distance of about 8 km. on the left side of the
Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road. The mound is low, covers an
area of about 120x100 sq.m. and 2 m.higher from the ground
area. This site is also under cultivation.
Pottery : This site has yielded sherds of PGW, Plain Grey
Ware and red ware of Medieval period representing usual
shapes of each group. The PGW sherds have metalic sound
and of well levigated clay having medium fabric.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site;
1. A terracotta animal figurine.
2. A terracotta ghata (vase) shaped bead^.
59. S a r w a t : The site is easily approachable from Muzaffarnagar
block headquarters and is hardly 2.5 km. away towards north on
Muzaffarnagar-Saharanpur road. The site has yielded the pottery
of late Historic and Medieval period. The entire mound has
been damaged and inhabited. However, pot-sherds were col-
lected from different places.
Pottery : Medieval as well as pre-Medieval pot-pieces were
collected. A few of them have painting in black on red sur-
face. Fragments include bases and rims of vases, handis,

5. Shri M.N. Deshpande (1962-63), his colleagues and students of school of

Archaeology explored an area from Muzaffamagarto Roorkee, a distance of
about 60 kms. and brought to light sites of different categories yielding
Ochre Colour Pottery. Painted Grey were, Black Slipped Ware, Northem Black
Polished Ware, Red Ware of Sung-Kushana period and Medieval
Glazed Ware.
From the site Rai a thick Grey Ware sherd with Brahmi script was obtained,
: Indian Archaeology 1963-64 -A Review, p. 53, and Tripathi, Vibha, op. cit.,
p. 31.
Indian Archaeology 1963-64 - A Review, p. 54.
 104

dishes, etc. However, no antiquity was found.

50. Sisona : The village Sisona lies towards north of the
Muzaffarnagar block headquarters at a distance of about 6
km. on the Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road. The site is towards
west of the village Sisona. There is a low mound covering an
area of about 80x60 sq.m. the Kali Nadi, flows towards west
of the site hardly at a distance of about one km.
Pottery : The earliest ceramics of the site belongs to the late
phase of PGW. Red Ware found may belong to NBPW,
Kushana and Medieval periods. However, neither any NBPW
sherd nor any antiquity was found.
5 1 . S h e r n a g a r : The site lies towards south-east of the Dis-
trict headquarters at a distance of about 6.5 km. On the left
side of Muzaffarnagar-Jansath road at a distance of about 5
km. A kuccha road joins it leading to the site. There is no
mound worth the name. However, pot-sherds were collected
from the elevated part of the site. There is no river near the
site.
Pottery : Shernagar appears to be a Medieval site, it has
yielded red wares along with terracotta Glazed Ware. Red
ware of various types generally crude and bigger in size, in-
clude vases, basins, bowls, etc. Some of them bear paintings
in black over red surface. The glazed ware sherds have white
glazing and are painted in black.
Antiquity : During the course of exploration one terracotta
small ball and a stone ball comparatively bigger in size were
found.
52. Sujadu : The site lies towards south of the
Muzaffarnagar block headquarters hardly at a distance of
about 4 km. Kali Nadi flows on the right side of the mound. It
is approximately 2 m. high and covers an area of about
150x100 sq.m. However, farmers of the adjoining fields are lev-
elling down the mound gradually. The soil of the mound is yel-
 105

lowish and slightly compact.

Pottery : The site is rich in its pottery findings. The earliest
phase of this site goes back to the PGW phase of the Doab.
The sherds include PGW, Plain Grey Ware, Black Slipped and
Red Wares of Historic and Medieval periods. A few Grey
Ware sherds appear to be mended.
Antiquity : Besides one pottery disc (PI. XIX A3) two
terracotta balls one small in size and other slightly bigger were
found during the course of exploration. (PI. XVII A5 & 8).
53. S a n d h a w a l i : The village Sandhawali is situated almost
towards south of the Muzaffarnagar block headquarters at a
distance of about 5 km. on the left side of the Muzaffarnagar-
Meerut road. At a distance of about 4 km. on the left side of
the aforesaid road a kankar road joins it, which leads to the
site. The mound is towards south-west of the village
Sandhawali. It is about 7 ft height from the ground level and
covers an area of about 50x50 sq.m. The mound is partially
damaged. Kali Nadi flows towards west of the village hardly at
a distance of about 1.5 km.
Pottery : A few sherds found from this site appear to belong
to the Late Harappan period but this hypothesis should be
taken as only tentative. However, some sherds give definite
look of OCP which includes sherds of flared rim jars and
vases and some look indeterminate in shapes.
The site is also very rich in Medieval pottery. However,
some of them may belong to pre-Medieval period with its usual
shapes.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. An indeterminate terracotta object, probably leg to an animal,
which may be of Historic period. (L 6.8 cm) (PI. XX C2).
2. An indeterminate terracotta cylindrical object, which may
be of OCP period. (L-5.5 cm). (PI. XX 3).
54. Semali : The site lies towards the south of Muzaffarnagar
 106

block headquarters, at a distance of about 11 kms. The Kali

Nadi flows on the right side of the site, at a distance of about
2 kms. Though there is no mound except slight elevation in the
central part from where the pottery was collected. The mound
looks slightly sandy and brownish.
Pottery : The site appears to belong to the Medieval# pe-
riod. However, a few sherds may belong to pre-Medieval pe-
riod. Fragments of basins, storage jars, bowls, minature pots,
etc. were found. Generally grooves or cords decorate the pot-
tery. However no antiquity was found.
55. Wahelna : The site can be approached easily by
Muzaffarnagar-Meerut road towards south at a distance of
about 5 km. from the district headquarters. At a distance of
about 4.5 km. a narrow metalled road joins it leading to the
site. The mound looks slightly compact and dark brownish. The
mound is almost plain.
Pottery : It is a Medieval site. A few sherds may belong to
pre-medieval period. Mostly sherds are well burnt. The upper
and lower portion of the vases, handis and other vesseles
were collected. No antiquity was found.

56. Baria : The village Baria is situated towards south-west

of the Purkazi block headquarters at a distance of about 7
km. on Muzaffarnagar-Purkazi road.
Though there is no mound in the village, it appears a Me-
dieval settlement. A little digging at any place yield Medieval
pottery. Some time back a coin hoard was found in the vil-
lage which yielded a large number of copper coin of Sultan
Balban (PI. XXII A). These coins are now preserved in the
Government Museum, Muzaffarnagar. However, there appears to
have been an ancient low mound below the Agricultural Insti-
tute Baria situated towards south of the township on the
Muzaffarnagar-Meerut road.
# According to Gaur and Lai it is a PGW site.
 07

57. C h a n d a n - 1
58. C h a n d a n - 2
59. C h a n d a n - 3 The village Chandan stands on the right bank
of the Saloni Nadi, which also forms its eastern boundary. It
is situated towards east of the Purkazi block headquarters at
a distance of about 6.5 km. There is no direct route to ap-
proach the site. At a distance of about 3.5 km. on the left
side of the Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road another road joins it
leading to the site. Except 2 km., the road is kuccha. It is
difficult to reach the site during rainy season.
The area of the mound, situated on the right bank of
Saloni Nadi, is approximately 200x100 sq.m. The mound is di-
vided into three parts by the rain gullies. Local farmers are
gradually converting the mound into an agriculture fields. How-
ever, major part of the mound is intact. It is a low but wide
spread mound.
Pottery : The pottery of the site appears to be of OCP period
However, unless the site is properly excavated it would be dif-
ficult to determine its age. The pottery of this group include
fragments of vases and some indeterminate shapes. This site
was earlier identified to belong to Medieval period'' Usual
shapes were found in this group.
Antiquity : Among antiquities found from the site are
terracotta bead and ball.
6 0 . Duheli : The site is situated almost towards south of the
Purkazi block headquarters at a distance of about 14 km. on
Deoband-Bijnor road. The site can be reached by bus via
Baria, which is about 7 km. on Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road,
where Deoband-Bijnor road joins it.
The site^ belongs to Medieval period. Pot fragments in-
clude usual shapes of red ware. No antiquity was found

7. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 - A Review, p. 54.

8. Ibid
 108

6 1 . J a m a l p u r : The site is situated towards south-east of the

Purkazi block headquarters at a distance of about 3 km on
right side of the Purkazi-Laksar road. Saloni Nadi flows to-
wards of the site at a distance of about 1.5 km. It is a Medi-
eval site which has yielded usual shapes in red wares^
62. Khudda : The site lies towards south-west of the Purkazi
block headquarters at a distance of about 15 km. on the right
side of Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road.
Pottery : This site also appears to be of Medieval period. The
red ware of the site include pot sherds cf dishes, bowls, jars, etc.
Generally, they are treated with a wash. No antiquity was found.
63. Kamhera : The site lies almost towards south of the
Purkazi block headquarters at a distance of about 14 km. on
Deoband-Bijnor road. The site has yielded usual shapes in
red wares of Medieval period^°.
64. Noornagar -1
65. Noornagar -2 The village Noornagar stands on the right
bank of the Saloni Nadi, which also forms its eastern bound-
ary. The village lies on the northern boundary of the tahsil and
the district headquarters as well. The village Noornagar lies to-
wards north-east of the Purkazi block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 17 km. There is a no direct route to approach
the site. However, one can reach the site via Chandan village.
It is perhaps the most important archaeological site of the
tehsil.
It is still a large mound though it has been considerably
damaged. However, it measures approximately 200x180 sq.m. It
is about 4 m. high from the surrounding area. The mound is
divided into two parts by a village road. Farmers are cutting
down the mound for cultivation. The Saloni Nadi flows on the
east side of the mound, which remains dry except in rainy

9. Ibid
10. Ibid
 !()9

season. During rainy season it is not easy to approacli the

site.
This site was explored for the first time In 1962-63 by a
team headed by Shri M.N. Deshpande. It had then yielded
PGW, red ware of Sunga-Kushana period. It is fairly rich in
other findings like terracotta figurines, beads, bone points, etc.
However, I could collect a few ochrous sherds during the
course of exploration, but it needs confirmation through exca-
vation. Next in chronology is PGW which yielded a variety of
paintings on the pot-sherds and the usual shapes of bowls and
dishes. The painting includes horizontal and vertical strokes,
short, long, vertical and oblique dashes, concentric circles and
wavy lines, etc. Associated plain Grey ware are equally rich.
Some of them may come down upto the early phase of the
NBPW, However, no NBPW was found.
Among red ware jars with prominent grooves, vases with
typical grooves and collared rims, bowls, basins, dishes, a few
spouts and knobbed lids were found. Some sherds have deep
parallel grooves. Miniature bowls are also present.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragments of a stone pestle having a smooth surface.
Which may belong to PGW period. (PI. XVI B4).
2. An indeterminate terracotta object having a slightly slanty
transverse hole. It has wheel like, thick, circular end.
Unslipped of OCP period (?). (PI. XIV C5).
3. An indeterminate terracotta cylindrical object of OCP pe-
riod. (PI. XIV C6).
4. A terracotta arica nut shaped bead. Probably of PGW pe-
riod. (PI. XIV A2).
5. An squattish terracotta ghat (vase) shaped bead, having
wide hole, with a well defined slender neck. It has some
traces of slip also. It may be assigned to the Mauryan
perid ? (PI. XIV 82).
 10

6. A terracotta female figurine with prominent breasts.

7. A terracotta weigiit with three parallel incised lines.
8. A bone needle.
9. Terracotta beads of various shapes.
10. A thick red ware shered with graffiti mark^\
66. S h a n k e r p u r : The site lies towards the northern bound-
ary of the tehsil and district headquarters, at a distance of
about 6 km. on Muzaffarnagar - Roorkee road.
Pottery : Shankerpur is a Medieval site. However some sherds
may belong to late phase of historic period. It has yielded
fragments of dishes, vases, basins, jars, etc. No antiquity was
found.
67. Suaheri : The site lies towards east at a distance of
about 3 km. from the Purkazi block headquarters on the right
side of Muzaffarnagar-Roorkee road. It is also a Medieval site
which has yielded fragments of usual shapes of Medieval pe-
riod^2

68. Tughalakpur : The village Tughalakpur is situated almost

towards south of the Purkazi block headquarter at a distance
of about 12 km. on Bijnor-Deoband road. It is also a medieval
site, where red wares of usual shapes have been found"*^.
T E H S I L : JANSATH
'Bfocfii : TCfiataufi

69. A m b e r p u r : The village Amberpur stands on the left bank

of the Kali Nadi, which also forms its western boundary. It lies
towards north-west of the Khatauli block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 7 km. There is no direct route to approach the
village. The site is towards north of the village Amberpur. The
place is known as Rukani ke Per ka Jungle. However, the
whole area is under cultivation. Pot-sherds were collected from

11. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 -A Review, p. 54. and Tripathi, Vibha, op. cit., p. 31.
12. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 - A Review, p. 54.
13. Ibid
the furrows of the field and from the irrigation drainage. It is
very difficult to approach the site during the summer and rainy
seasons bacuase of sandy soil. The exact area could not be
measured because of the standing crops in the fields.
Pottery : The site is represented by a rich variety of red
ware sherds. All of them except one belong to Late Harappan
period. The fragments of these wares include troughs, basins,
vases, bowls etc. One sherd of it has parallel lines in black
on red, as well as incised decoration. Other pots are also in-
cised. The solitary piece of red ware may appear to belong
OCP, which Is of indeterminate shape : However, no antiquity
was found from the site.
70. Bhalwa : The village Bhalwa is situated on Khatauii
Muzaffarnagar road at a distance o' about 7 km. It is a Medi-
eval site. However, pottery could not be collected.
7 1 . Begarajpur : It is the northern border village of the
Khatauii block headquarters at a distance of about 12 km. The
village Begarajpur is situated on the left bank of the Kali Nadi,
which forms Its western boundary. The site stands at a dis-
tance of about 12 km. and can be approached easily from the
district headquarters on Budhana-Muzaffarnagar road. The
mound is under cultivation Adjacent to the mound there is a
hutment of a Sadhu, known as Ashram. The site is towards
east of the village Begarajpur. The area of the site is about
100x80 sq.m. There is no mound but some elevated portion,
about 2 m. high from the surrounding area can be seen. Pot-
sherds were picked up from the furrows of the fields.
Pottery : The site appears rich in OCP sherds#. The frag-
mented wares include rims of vases, bowls and basins. The
entire pottery collected has turned porous due to percolation
of water which suggest that it a secondary deposit. The site

# According to Gaur and Lai it is a PGW site.

 112

appears to have remained uninhibited between OCP and EH

period but was leter on populated during the Medieval period.
The wares of this period include fragments of rims of storage
jars, vases, lids, bowls and incense burner. Some sherds
have incised decoration and painting as well. The pottery is
generally unslipped. The site appears to have remained water-
logged for a considerable period due to which all types of
slips have peeled off, if there were any. However, no antiquity
was recovered from the site.
7 2 , C h a w a r i : The village Chawari is situated towards south-
east of the Khatauli block headqurters at a distance of about
6 km. The site is towards east of the village Adampur Mochari.
A mound is said to have existed earlier but at present no sign
of mound is there. The area has been flattened down and is
under cultivation. The area of the mound is about 100x80sq.m.
Pottery : Chawari is a Medieval site. The pottery includes
usual shapes of red wares of Medieval period. Generally the
pottery found from this site is unslipped and of medium fab-
ric. No antiquity was found.
73. Husainpur Bopada : The village Husainpur Bopada lies
almost towards north of the Khatauli block headquarters at a
distance of about 11 km. It is situated on the left bank of the
Kali Nadi. The site is on the Budhana-Muzaffarnagar road. How-
ever, one wishing to visite the site may go to village Khanupur
on Khatauli-Muzaffarnagar road where it crosses the above
road. It is very difficult to measure the mound because of the
standing crops in the field. However, the mound is slopy to-
wards west and is situated towards west of the village Husainpur
Bopada, just on the edge of the road side. There is a Crusher
on the mound. A new construction was also going on the
mound. It is also partly occupied by the residential houses.
Pottery : The pottery assemblage of the site consits of OCP
and Medieval red ware. Though no complete shapes have been
 13

found from the above wares. There are fragments of vases,

bowls, lids and storage jars. The Medieval wares are sturdy
and well baked and those of OCP pottery have become po-
rous and powder comes off if slightely rubbed. Among antiq-
uity one large sized stone bail was found.
74. Inchauli : The village Inchauli stands on the left banck
of the Kali NadI, which also forms its western boundary. It is
situated towards west of the Khatauli block headquarters at a
distance of about 15 km. on Budhana-Khatauli road. The site
is easily approachable because it is just on the edge of the
aforsaid road.
The mound covers of large area of about 300x200 sq. m.
and is about 4 m. high from the ground level In the middle of
the mound there is a newly constructed. Junior High School
and two temples. By the side of the mound two old wells are
also present. The whole mound is intact except a small portion
which is under cultivation. The concentration of the potteries
are on the western side of the mound (PI. XXII B).
Pottery : The pottery collection include PGW and Red ware.
The PGW is represented by fine grey ware sherds having
paintings in black pigment on it. No complete shape has been
picked up from the site. Only fragments of dishes and bowls
could be collected. However, the red ware sherds are of
Kushana period which includes fragments of knobbed lids and
vases etc. No antiquity was found from the site.
75. Johra : Earlier a part of the village Islamabad, now it is
an independent village at a distance of about 11 km. towards
north of the Khatauli block headquarters. It is on the right side
of the Meerut-Muzaffarnagar road. The mound is about half
km. to the west of the village Johra on Mansurpur-Sikeda by-
pass. The area of the mound is about 100x100 sq. m. and
about 2 m. high from the surrounding area. Locally the mound
is known as 'Bitolewala Tila' bacause the village woman use it
 14

for laying cow dung cakes on it. The Kali Nadi flows towards
west of the site at a distance of about 2 km. (PI. XXII C).
Pottery : During the exploration I found only tiny sherds of
PGW, However, earlier PGW sherds have been collected by oth-
ers, but I have found nothing worth mentioning except the frag-
ments of red ware vases. Other sherds are too tiny to assure
any shape from them. No antiquity was found from the site.
76. Khanjahanpur : The village Khanjahanpur is situated to-
wards north-east of the Khatauli block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 6 km. It is on the left side of the Khatauli-
Jansath road. The site is towards east of the village
Khanjahanpur at a distance of about half km. Areawise, the
site is about 100x80 sq.m. and is completely under cultivation.
Pottery : The village is a medieval site, where usual shapes
were found including vases, lids, basins etc. However, no an-
tiquity was found.
7 7 . Khokni : Earlier, Khokni was a part of the village
Rasulpur but now it is an independent village. The village
Khokni is situated towards east of the Khatauli block head-
quarters at a distance of about 8 km. It is on the Mirapur-
Muzaffarnagar road. From the village Dahaur, on the right side
of the road a kuccha road joins it, which leads to the village
Khokni. The mound is flanked by a kuccha road and a mazar.
It is towards west of the village Rasulpur. Aeawise the site is
about 200x100 sq. m. It is about 2 m. high from the sur-
rounding area. On the top of the mound there are some trees
and houses. The periphery of the mound is under cultivation.
A part from it the intact portion of the mound is used as a
graveyard and for depositing rubbish. The Kali Nadi flows to-
wards west of the site. (PI. XXIII A).
Pottery : The pottery collection of the site is represented by
the PGW sherds. Though no complete shape has been found,
the pottery is very fine and gives metalic sound. The wares
 15

vary in shades. It appears that the site remained abandoned

for a long period and appears to have been reoccupied during
the Medieval period when people settled down there. The red
wares are represented by shallow basins and fragments of big
storage jars and big knobbed lids etc.
7 8 . M a n d a w a r (Kailash Nagar) : The village is adjacent to
Inchauli which is a PGW site. The village Mandawar is at a
distance of about 12 km.From Khatauli block headquarters on
the left side of the Budhana-Katauli road. It is an inhabited
village. The site is about one km south of the vllage
Kailashnagar. The mound has been completeely flattened down
and is under cultivation with a tubewell on the site.Total area
of the mound is about 80x80 sq.mts. Lakhauri bricks were also
found along with potteries on the site. The Kali Nadi flows to-
wards west of the village Mandawar at a distance of about 2.5
km.
Pottery : The village is also a Medieval site, which includes
the sherds of vases, vessels, handis etc. However, some
sherds may belong to early Historic period. No antiquity was
recovered from the site.
79. M a n s u r p u r : The village Mansurpur lies towards north of
the Khatuli block headquarters at a distance of about 12 km.
The village can be reached via village Khanupur on
Muzaffarnagar-Khatauli road where Budhana-Muzaffarnagar
road crosses it.
The site Is In the vicinity of the village.There is a fortness
of the local Zamindar on the top of the mound who is said to
have thrown away all the pot-sherds. Therefore, nothing is
found at presant. However, a few sherds of Medival period
were found. The Kali Nadi flows towards the west of the vil-
lage at a distance of about 2 km.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a terracottta undifined animal figurine, with
 two hind legs, a tail partially intact. It is unslipped and
ill-baked It may be assigned to the Medieval period.
(PI. XXIII B7).
80. M u b a r a k p u r : This site is very rich in its cultural pat-
terns, ranging from late Harappan to Medieval period.The
villlage is situated towards south of the Khatauli block
heasquarters at a distance of about 3 km on Meerut-
Muzaffarnager road. The site is just on the left side of the
road towards north-east of the village. Meerut-Muzaffarnager
railway line is just on the east of the site. A mound is said to
have existed towards the east of a Canal but now there is no
trace of it since is has been flattened down and is under cul-
tivation. The pot sherds are scattered uniformaly in the village
at a distance of about 1.4 km. (PI. XXIII C)
Pottery : The site is very rich in pottery yielding the Late
Harappan and OCR Both the wares yielded usual shapes of
their wares. Only the fragment of ringed base, vases,
pedastalled bases, big storage jars and basins have been
found. It appears that the general pottery had other shapes
too. Some sherds of PGW and Grey ware have also been col-
lected. From the site early Historic and Medieval pottery have
also been collected.
8 1 . Nawla- 1
82. N a w l a - 2 The village Nawla is situated towards the north
west of the Khatauli block headquarters at a distance of about
6km. It stands on the left bank of the Kali Nadi, which also
forms its western bounadary. The mound is towards the west
of the village. It covers a large but not an intact area. How-
ever a small protion which is intact is being used as grave-
yard while rest of it is under cultivation. The mound has been
turned into a stepped type farming. The mound is again dis-
turbed by village cart road. The other side of the road is also
under cultvation. There is no direct route to reach the site.
 17

The vllage can be reached via Husainpur Bopada on Budhana

Muzaffarnagar road. From there a village link road leads to the
site. However, a bypass road also leads to the village Nawla
from Ganga canal bridge. (PI. XXIV A).
Pottery : The site is represented by the sherds of late
Harappan, OCP, PGW along with associated wares and early
painted NBP ware sherd. The site appears very rich in its cul-
tural remains though no complete shape has been found in
any ware. There are many such fragments with varying out-
lines. The pottery of all the periods generally appears of me-
dium fabric and shapes inculuding fragments of vases, ba-
sins, storage jars and typical lid with hallow hub. Fragments of
dish-on-stand has also been found in late Harappan assemblage.
PGW includes some fragments of steel grey ware as well.
83. Palari (Sadat) : The village Palari is situated towards
north-east of the Khatauli block headquaters at a distance of
about 6 Km. The village is on the left side of the Mirapur-
Khatauii raad. The site is situated towards the west of the vil-
lage Palari and on eastern side of the Kali Nadi (Nagin).
Areawise it covers about 100x100 sq. mts. At present mound
is completely flattened down and is under cultivation. On the
northern side of the mound there is a mosque. Pot-sherds
were collected from the furrows in the fields.
Pottery : The sherds found comprise red wares and glazed
wares of Medieval period. Other noticeable feature is the large
number of lakhauri brick bats scattered on the mound. Among
antiquities one terracotta ball was found.
84. Rampur : The village Rampur stands on the left bank of
the Kali Nadi which also forms its western boundary. It is to-
wards north- west of the Khatuli block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 2.5 km towards the west of the Budhana
Khatauli road, about 2 km away towards north from the road.
A mound measuring about 50x50 sq.m. has been left in-
 8

tact. The remaining portion, about 4 acres in area is flattened

down and is under cultivation. The height of the intact part of
mound is about 2 m. from the surrounding area. Along with
the potteries a few brick-bats where also found.
Pottery : The site belongs to medieval period which has
yielded fragments of big storage jars and another improtant
finding is the fragments of a votive tank.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a terracotta votive tank?with a high wall of
which one side is partially intact. Its period cannot be as-
certained length and breadth are 33 cm.and 9 cm respec-
tively.
85. Sonta : The village, also known as Abadul Nager lies to-
wards of the Khatauli block headqurters at a distance of about
7km on the right side of the Khatauli-Muzaffarnger road. A
mound stands towards north-east of the vilage Sonta and cov-
ers an area of about 100x80 sq.m. and is about 2 m. high
from the surrounding area. The pottery has been damaged due
to digging by the villager, pot sherds are found in patches.
The mound is locally known as Gonga. The Kali Nadi flows
towards west of the village at a distance of about 2.5 km.
Pottery : It may be a early historic site. However red wares
of medieval period have been found and these include jars,
basins, lids etc. Glazed ware were also found. No antiquity
could be found from the site.
•Bfoc^ : j arts at H
86. Alirora : It is a Medieval site located at Jansath-
Muzaffarnagar road at a distance of about 2 km. with a metalled
road. However, pottery were not collected.
87. •Bhoomma : The village bhoomma is situated towards south
east of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 15
km. The site can be reached via Mirapur about 11km away from
Jansath on Jansath-Meerut road. The site is completely under cul-
 9

tivation but has some intact elevated portions. The Ganga canal
flows towards east of the village. At a distance of about 1.5 km.
there is another site Kheri Sarai having a similar culture.
Pottery : The pottery complex collected from this site^" in-
clude Grey Ware, Black Slipped and Red Ware of Medieval
period. Among Gery ware some sherds have black tinge exter-
nally. They altogether appear to belong to early Historic pe-
riod. It is already a reported site.
88. Gola Puttha : It used to be an uninhabited village. Locally
known as Putte ka Jungle. However, the site grown into a well
developed village only recently. The village lies towards south of
the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 4 km.
The site is towards north-west of the village. A pucca
road goes to the village from Jansath and onwards a kuccha
road leads to the site. The site covers an area of about
100x100 sq.mt. The whole area is slightly elevated and on the
top of the mound there is a tube-well and some trees.
Pottery : The site is represented by Historical as well as Me-
dieval wares. As expected the red wares are found here with
some incised design as well as Medieval painted wares. The
pottery is sturdy and well-baked. Fragments of bowls, basins,
vases lids, etc.
89. Jarwar : The village Jarwar is situated towards north-east
of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 12
km. The site can be reached via village Khujera which lies at
a distance of about 6 km from Jansath on Jansath-Morna
road. From Khujera on the right side of the aforesaid road a
kharanja leads to the village Jarwar. However, it is difficult to
approach the site during rainy season. The site^^ lies towards
east of the village Jarwar. There is no mound at present and

14. Indian Archaeology 1962-63 - A Review, p. 36. of. Roy TN.,A Study of North-
ern Black PolishedWare, An Iron Age culture of India, (New Delhi), p. XXXIII.
15. Indian Archaeology 1962-63 - A Review, p. 36.
 120

the area is under cultivation. However, the pot sherds were

collected from the irrigational drainage.
Pottery : The pottery found on the site are fragments of
vases, basins, and handis in red weres belonging to Medieval
period. However, no antiquity was picked-up from the site.
90. ' J a t w a r a : The village Jatwara is on the Jansath-Morna
road at a distance of about 4 km. towards north-east of the
Jansath block headquarters. The village Jatwara is on the right
side of the aforesaid road, a kuccha road joins which links
the village. There is no mound except an elevated area. A
mound is said to have existed there but now the area has
been turned into an agricultural field and the farmers have
been throwing away the sherds.
Pottery : The pottery found from this site^^ include coarse
Grey Ware, red ware of early historical, historical and medi-
eval periods. Among grey ware fragments of bowls were
found. Other wares are vases, basins, handis etc. No antiquity
was found on the site.
9 1 . Jansath : It is a Medieval site. However, pottery were
not collected. The mound has been flattned down.
9 2 . •Kaithora : The site is rich in its cultural heritage. The
village Kailhora is situated south-east of the Jansath block
headquarters at a distance of about 12 km. The site can be
reached via village Mirapur which is connected to the village
Kaithora at a distance of about 1 km. by a metalled road.
The site is locally known as Sonabaras Ka Tila^'', is on
16. Ibid
17. Indian Archaeology 1962-63 - A Review, p. 37; Indian Archaeology -1965-66 -
A Review, p. 86; Tripathi, Vibna, op. cit. p. 31. Explorations conducted by M.N.
Deshpande on the banks of the Budhi Ganga and Kali Nadi which have re-
vealed a number of PGW sites. Kaithora is one of the mounds known as
Sonabaras derived probably from Swamwarsha. It has yielded the following
four periods; Period IV (Lowest): It yields small pieces of Red ware. Period 111:
It yields Plain and Painted Grey Ware. Period 11: It shows Grey Ware with Red
Ware Sherds. Period 1: It belongs to the Muslim Period. However, no NBPW
has been mentioned.
 .21

the left side of the Meerut-Muzaffarnagar road. A kuccha road

joins it near the Govt. Hospital which lies on the back of the
site. The mound were later on converted into two parts which
are now used as graveyards. People have been cutting down
the mound to collect the earth. Adjacent to the mound there is
a temple and a tank. The approximate height of the mound is
4 m. from the ground level and the area is about 200x150 sq.
m. (PI. XXIV B).
Pottery : The pottery collected at this site by the Painted and
Plain Grey wares and Black-slipped and red wares belonging
to Historic and Medieval periods. In Grey wares and red wares
generally usual shapes are found, and includes incense
burneres, pedestalled bowls, lids etc. and in the Black-Slipped
ware a vase with squattish out turned rim was found. It is al-
ready a reported site.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a terracotta dish (thali) partly broken, prob-
ably used for baking chapaties. It is decorated with fin-
ger-pinched shallow cavities at the edges, ill-baked gritty
core, back part is blackish due to constant use. Unslipped
PGW period (?) Its diameter could not be measured. (PI.
XXIII B1).
2. An indeterminate terracotta object probably the base of a
pot (PI. XXIII B2).
3. Part of a pottery disc. (PI. XXIII B3).
4. A terracotta spout. (PI. XXIII B4).
5. Fragment of the upper shell of tortoise bone (PI. XXIII B5).
93. •Kailapur-Jasmor-1
94. Kailapur-Jasmor-2
95. K a i l a p u r - J a s m o r - 3 The site is rich in its cultural herit-
age. The village Kailapur-Jasmor is towards south of the
Jansath block headquarters at a distance of 17 km. There is
no direct route leading to the village. The site can be reached
 22

via village Mirapur which stands on Muzaffarnagar-Meerut road,

at a distance of about 11 km from Jansath. From Mirapur to-
wards north-east at a distance of about 6 km. a metalled road
leads to the site. The village Kailapur-Jasmor is on the
Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor road. The whole area falls in khadar.
Bhund can be seen on either side of the road. There are
three mounds, two of which falls towards east of the village
Kailapur-Jasmor. Among three and the third lies on the west
of the Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor road.
Mound (A) locally called Radhnu ke Chak, is situated on
the east of the Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor road. There is a tube well
on the road side. The mound is said to have been a massive
one but has now been turned into an agricultural land. The
nature of the soil is yellowish sand. The approximate area of
the mound is 250x250 sq.m. Pot-sherds were picked up from
the field (PI. XXIV C).
Darshan Singh a villager, came across a series of stor-
age jars while lavelling down the mound with the tractor. One
of the jars which is intact and is in possession of Darshan
Singh, while other pot sherds & pieces of other jars were ob-
served by me in the field. (PI. XXV A). In addition to these
pottery-pieces brick bats were found littered in the field.
Mound (B) - This mound is situated about 1/2 a km. on
the north side of mound A. It is about 4 m. high from the
ground level. Most of it has been damaged, but a small part
of it is still intact. The land owners of the adjoining fields are
cutting down the mound for agriculture purpose. (PI. XXV B).
Mound (C) locally known as Mandava Kheri is across the
road. It is also 4 m. high and measures about 300x250 sq.m.
(PI. XXV C). Most of the mound has already been levelled
down and only small part of it is intact. Apart from pot-sherds,
brick-bats are also seen. The brick size measures L 14 x W
9.5 X T 2.5 cms. Apart from above findings a door-jamb of
stone has also been found on the out-skirts of the village
Kailapur-Jasmor.
 123

Pottery : The pottery assemblage from this site is very rich

and represents pottery from the Late Harappan to the Medieval
period. The shape in each ware is of usual type. The pottery
assemblage is dominated by red wares in which vases are
found In plenty. Some pot-sherds also include traces of paint-
ing and incised designs. Some big storage jars have applique
rib pattern around the neck, decorated with thumb impressed
rope pattern. This site is already reported.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. One terracotta sprinkler, having a hole on the top. its rear
part is broken. Probably of Gupta period.
2. One terracotta arica nut shaped bead, blackish. Medieval
period.
3. A small terracotta bead having a wide hole. Medieval period.
4. Fragment of a terracotta Humped Bull - Hump is slightly
flattiswh near the neck and partly brocken. There is a
stamped Chakra mark on the back side of which only a
part is visible. On its side there is a leaf pattern. Hand
made. It is slipped but badly corroded. It may belong to
Mauryan period (L 10 cm, Ht 5 cm.) (PI. XXVI A).
5. This door Jamb is lying in the outskirts of the village
Kailapur Jasmor. According to the village people it was
unearthed from the mound (C), known a Mandwa kheri
(PI. XXVI B).
6 A stone door jamb (height 12 ft, thickness 9.5 cm) was
found from the village while the farmers were levelling
down the earth from the mound. It has a parallel chain
hanging throughout below which is depicted as a lady
figurine probably a diety in Abhaya Mudra in Tribhangi
form. On the site. There are two other dieties of late His-
toric or Medieval period. 11-12 A.D.
7. A complate storage jar of red ware has been found. Ac-
cording to local people it was also unearthed from the
 124

mound while they ware levelling it down. Its height is 2.75

m. and breath 46 cm. and diameter of the mouth is about
23.5 cm. It has out going beaded rim below which is a
nail pressed rope pattern design. The pot has slightly
saggar base. The profile of the body is almost ovalised. It
is well baked and has been treated with a wash. It may
belong to Kushna period.
8. Some chert blades were also reported from the site^^.
96. Katia-1
97. Katia-2 The village Katia is situated towards north-east of
the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 11 km.
The site can not be approached during rainy season. The site
can be reached via village Khujera about 6 km from Jansath
block on Jansath-Morna road. From Khujera on the right side
of the aforesaid road a kharanja leads to the village Katia
which is about 4 km away. The site is towards south of the
village Katia.
The site covers an area of abcut 100x100 sq.mts. Inspite
of the fact that major part of the mound has been damaged
yet it appears to have been a large mound. It is about 3 m.
high from the surrounding area. On the top of the mound a Pri-
mary School building exists.In addition to the pottery, brick-bats
were also present in considerable amount. Some of the large
broken bricks measures 6x10 cm.
There is another mound in the north of the village Katia
at a distance of about 1 km. The site is locally known as Male
Ka Jungle. The same cultural assemblage was found from
there. There is no mound at present except some elevated part
which is covered by Male tree. Brick bats were also found
there.
Pottery : The pottery assemblage collected from the site in-

18. Indian Archaeology 1962-63 - A Review, p. 37.

 25

eludes generally indeterminate shapes of OCP and red ware

of early historic period. The one sherd of OCP indicates out-
turned rim of a vase while others are indeterminate. The red
ware of Historic period includes vases with out-turned rim and
ill-fired handis with broad mouth. Pieces of bowls are also
found. During the course of exploration no antiquity was
found.
9 8 . •Kheri Sarai : The village Kheri Sarai is towards south-
east of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about
15 km. There is no mound but a slightly elevated area, which
is under cultivation. The site is locally known as Mimlakheri.
Pottery : The site has yielded coarse Grey ware along with
Black-slipped, red ware of Sunga-Kushana period. The pot-
tery of each group show usual shapes. No antiquity was
found. It is already a reported site^^.
99. Khartauli : The village Khartauli lies toward north-west of
the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 7 km on
the left side of the Jansath-Muzaffarnagar road. The site is to-
wards southern side of the village Khartauli. Because of the cul-
tivation it is very difficult to determine the area of the mound.
Pottery : The site appears to belong to Medieval period and
includes fragments of red ware, basin, vases, handles etc. I
could not find any antiquity from the site.
100. Mujhera : It is a medieval site which falls towards
south-east from Jansath block headquarters at a distance of
about 9 km. It is on the Mirapur-Muzaffarnagar road. The site
is just on the left side of the aforesaid road. It covers an area
of about 100x100 sq.mts and is about 1.5 m high from the
surrounding area. On the top of the mound there are several
structural remains made of lakhauri bricks.
Pottery : The pottery assemblage is of red wares of Medieval
period. The sherds are sturdy and well-backed. A few of them
19. Ibid
 126

are externally slipped. The shapes includes basins, vases, stor-

age jars, bowls etc. However, no antiquity was found.^°
1 0 1 . M u k a l l a m p u r : This village is near Kaithora hardly at a
distance of about 2.5 km from Mirapur. The site can be ap-
proached from Kaithora. The site is locally known as Dampur.
The site has yielded the red ware of Shunga- Kushana and
MedievaP^ period as well.
102. Mahmoodpur (Bangar) : The village Mahmoodpur is
situated on the north-east of the Jansath block headquarters
at a distance of about 13 km. It is 2 km east of village
Mirapur. The village Mahmoodpur Bangar is an uninhabited vil-
lage. The site is towards east of the village Mahmoodpur and
is under cultivation. There is a tube well on the mound and
adjacent to it there is a mazar known as Rahmatullah Pir. The
pottery was collected from the irrigational drainage. The village
has no pucca road, therefore, it is difficult to approach the
site. There is no mound except some elevated portion. The
area of the mound is about 80x60 sq. m.
Pottery : The site has yielded a very few pottery which, in
general, belong to Medieval period. One interesting sherd has
white and green point marks. One piece has eliptical rim and
looks like ochrous due to action of water.
103. M a k k h a n p u r : The village Makkhanpur is an uninhab-
ited village adjacent to the village Sambhalhera. It is situated
towards east of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance
of about 7 km. It may be approached via Sambhalhera towards
the south. The site is towards the south of the village
Sambhalhera. There is no mound but an elevated portion hav-
ing a height of about 2 m. from the surrounding area. On the
eastern side of the mound there is a Jhor (tank). The mound
covers an area of about 100x80 sq.m.

20. Ibid
21. Ibid
 127

Pottery : There are many tiny sherds scattered on the

mound. Apperently they appear to be Medieval sherds. The
site has remained abandoned for a long period. No antiquity
was found from the site.
104. Mirapur : The village Mirapur is situated towards south-
east of the Jansath block headquarter at a distance of about
11 km. It is connected with a metalled road. The site is to-
wards east of the village Mirapur. It is a low mound. On the
top of the mound there is a temple, locally known as
Sabarewali Mata Ka Mandir.
Pottery : The site has yielded red ware of Medieval period,
which includes usual shapes. However, no antiquity was found
from the site.
105. Nizampur : The village Nizampur is situated towards
north-east of the Jansath block headquarters. There is no di-
rect route leading to the village. The site can be reached via
village Mirapur, which is situated at a distance of about 11 km
from Jansath. From Mirapur the site is 7 km. towards the east.
The Ganga river flows towards the east at a distance of about
6 km from the village Nizampur.
The area of the site is about 250x150 sq. m. The height
of the mound is approximately 3 m. from the ground level. The
lakhauri brick-bats are found scattered throughout the mound.
The farmers have been ploughing the field and therefore, the
sherds are rarely found. On the mound there is a well of
lakhauri bricks having an outer diameter of 5.10 mts. Some
later construction is also seen and it is out of use now.
Around it there is an octagonal platform. Locally the mound is
known as 'Hazzarpur ka Khera'.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site is of red ware
of which many are slipped. The fragments of the pots includes
rims of big storage jars, pedestalled bowls, cord-marked flat
bases, vases etc. Some pieces are painted as well which may
 28

belong to Medieval period.

Antiquity : One broken stone ball was found during the course
of exploration. (Diam. 4.5 cm). A pottery disc was also found.
106. Putthi I b r a h i m p u r : The village Putthi Ibrahimpur lies
towards the south-east of the Jansath block headquarters at
a distance of about 16 km. It is on the Muzaffarnagar-Meerut
road. The site can be reached via Mirapur. There is a long
row of Bhur. On the top of the mound remains of some medi-
eval structure exists of which brick-bats are found scattered in
the area. The area is surrounded by a thick grove.
The area of the mound is approximately 250x150 sq.mts and
the highest point is about 25 ft. from the ground level. Farmers
of the adjoining field are cutting down the mound for their
agricultural use. The site is locally known as Puthi Ka Jungle.
Pottery : Some sherds of historic period have also been
found which include vases, basins and bowls etc. Some of
them have traces of slip as well. It is a reported site^^. How-
ever, no antiquity was found during the course of explora-
tion.#
107. Ramraj : The village Ramraj is situated towards south-
east of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about
18 km and about 7 km from Mirapur. There is a metalled road
leading to the site from Mirapur. The site is on the left side of
the road. The whole area falls in Khadar. It is a low flatfish
but widespread mound. It has been divided by rain gullies.
The village is known as Samana.
Pottery : It may be an Early Historic site. However, red ware
of medieval period is also found which includes vases, basins,
lids etc. Some of the pot-sherd have the traces of slip.
Among antiquities one pottery disc of medieval period was
found.

22. Ibid
# According to Gaur RC and M. Lal It is a PGW site.
 129

108. S i k a n d e r p u r : The village Sikanderpur lies towards the

east of Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 14
km. It is also about 3 km away from the village Kailapur
Jasmor towards the west. The site is towards the north-east of
the village Sikandarpur. The area of the mound is approxi-
mately 150x100 sq. m. and is under cultivation.
Pottery : The pottery assemblage of the site is of red ware
of Medieva|23 period and are sturdy and well-baked. The
sherds include fragments of ribbed collared rim of a vase and
having traces of painted horizontal lines. A few sherds are of
collared rim, having the inner side of the rims painted. There
are other shapes, which include vases and bowls. However, no
antiquity was found.
109. Sikerera : This site is very rich in its cultural remains
ranging from the Ochre Colour Pottery to the Medieval period.
The village Sikerera lies almost towards the east of the
Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 3 km on
the right side of Mirapur-Bijnor road from the village Mirapur.
The village Mirapur is about 11 km from Jansath block. The
site is about 1.5 km north-east of the village Sikerera. It has
a very large mound which is under cultivation. Its area is
about 200x200 sq.m. and its hight is 5 m. from the surround-
ing area. It is locally called a Jandwara. It is very difficult to
approach the site during rainy season. The site is very rich
in antiquity. (PI. XXVI C).
Pottery : The pottery of the site represents various cultures
right from the OCP to the Medieval period. The pottery col-
lected is generally wheel made of red ware except those which
belong to PGW and Black-Slipped complex. The fragements in-
clude rims of storage jars, vases, basins, bowls lids etc. Ma-
jority of the wares is of medium fabric and not well baked.
The pottery generaly has of dull red colour. In total assem-
23. Ibid.
 30

blage of the pottery, the OCP sherds are very limited in

number. However, Medieval pottery dominates. However, PGW,
Black slipped and red ware have also been found. It is a re-
ported site^''.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of an indeterminate animal. It has two trans-
verse pin holes at the back rib. A small tail is partially
shown. On the back portion there is another hole. It has
two squattish fore legs. One hind leg of the left side is
intact and the right leg is damaged. It has large ear lobes
and mouth is partly broken. It may be an animal to be
yolked in a toy cart. It has probably a slipped body as is
indicated by its lusture. Kushana period (PI. XXVII A1).
2. Fragment of a quartz pestle, of which one end and part
of the body are intact. Its length is 10 cm. and diam. 5
cm. (PI. XXVII A12).
3. Fragment of some terracotta object, its one end has
slightly sagger base, well finished and well baked. It's
front part is broken and its length is 3.4 cm. Kushana
period (PI. XXVII A3).
4. Fragment of the rear part of a terracota animal figurine. Its
one left leg is intact while the other one is damaged. Its
other parts are missing. Kushana period. (PI. XXVII A2).
5. A terracotta disc which has crecent notches on both the
side. PGW period, (diam. 4 cm). (PI. XXVII A4).
6. Two terracotta balls one small and other is large but
damaged. (PI. XXVII A7).
7. One indeterminate terracotta object, probably a handle.
(PI. XXVII A6).
8. Fragment of a miniature pot. (PI. XXVII 11).
110. S a m b h a l h e r a : The villaqe Sambhaih^ra ic; cituafoH t^.
 131

about 5 km on the left side of the Mirapur-Jansath road. A

metalled road starts from Sambhalhera, which joins the
Mirapur-Jansath road. The site is towards north-west of the vil-
lage Sambhalhera, near Jhorwali Masjid. There are two mazars
on the top of the mound and remains of some structure made
of lakhauri bricks. The area of the mound is 80x50 sq.mts.
Pottery : It is a Medieval site where pottery of usual shapes
of red ware have been found. The pot-sherds are sturdy and
generally unslipped. No antiquity was found from the site.
111. Tikaula (Village) : The villags# lies towards south east
of the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 16
km. on the left side of the Jansath-Meerut road. It is about
4.5 km. east of the village Mirapur.
There are two mounds in this village. Mound (A) is to-
wards north-west of the village Tikaula, and crops are standing
over it. There is a tube well on the site, lakhauri brick-bats
are scattered in the field. The pot-sherds were collected from
the irrigational drainage.
Mound (B) is towards north of the village at a distance of
about 1.5 km. The site is surrounded by the trees of Kikar.
The area of the site is about 100x80 sq. m. and is about 4m.
in height. Some ashes are also seen on the mound. However,
it is difficult to approach the site during the rainy season. It
is also known as 'Foota Rera'.
Pottery : The site has yielded red ware, of which some have
traces of slip and collared rim. Fragments of pedestalled and
simple bowls and spout have been found. It appears from the
assemblage that this site was a medieval one.
112. Tiyarpur : The village Tiyarpur is situated towards
north-east of the Jansath block headquarters. It is adjacent to
village Nizampur. There is no direct route leading to the vil-
lage. The site can be reached via village Mirapur and is situ-

# According to Gaur RC and M. Lai it is a PGW site.

 132

ated at a distance of about 11 km from Jansath block. From

Mirapur the site is about 11 km. towards the east. Total dis-
tance from Jansath block is about 22 km. The Ganga river
flows towards the east at a distance of about 4 km. The site
has been turned Into an agricultural field. It covers an area of
about 100x80 sq.m.
Pottery : The pottery found from the site is rich in PGW^^
Though no complete shape has been found but the fragments
appears to be parts of bowls and dishes. It appears that the
site remained unpopulated for a long period untill people of
Kushana period settled down here. The wares of Kushana pe-
riod includes red ware vases and pedestalled bowls. However,
no antiquity was found during the exploration.
113 Tandhera : The village Tandhera is towards north-east of
the Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 14 km.
The site can be reached via village Khujera on Jansath-Morna
road. On the right side of the village kharanja leads to the vil-
lage. The area of the mound is about 150-80 sq. m. and is
about 2 m. in height. On the top of the mound there are some
residential buildings. The site is difficult to approach during
rainy season.
Pottery : The pottery on the site^^ is of red ware, mostly of
Medieval period. The sherds have traces of slip as well. The
shape includes fragments of vases, knobbed lid and inturned
bowls, parai etc. No antiquity was found.
114 Tisang : The village Tisang is towards south of the
Jansath block headquarters at a distance of about 6 km. A
pucca road goes upto about 5 km and then onwards turns into
a kuccha road which joins ths site. It is a big mound cover-
ing an area of about 250x150 sq. m. The mound is in the vi-
cinity of the village towards north. The village people are level-

25^ ibid
26. Ibid
 i33

ling down the mound repidly for agricultural use. Many people
began live on the top of the mound. A newly constructed tem-
ple and some residential houses of the villagers can also be
seen (PI. XXXVI A).
Pottery : The concentration of the pot-sherds are in the west-
ern side of the mound. At this site we found Plain Grey Ware
and Red Ware. Grey were may belong to Early Historic period
and Red ware is represented by differented types of bowls,
basins and vasses. Many of them are slipped and a few have
traces of paintings as well. A few pieces may be of
pedestalled bowl. Some pots and pans may belong to early
historic and historic period. Most of the pots are well backed
and are of medium fabric. A few pieces are decorated with
incised design. However, a considerable amount of the brick-
bats are also present.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a terracotta Net-Sinker. It is baked and blakish.
Its diametre can not be measured. Medieval period.
2. Fragment of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine. It
may be a figurine of humped bull. Its hind part is miss-
ing and mouth is shown by slit mark which has squattish
mouth. Blackish and ill baked. Medieval period (L 6 cm,
Ht. 3.4 cm.)
3. Fragment of a terracotta disc of which circular ends has
incised oblique notches. Blackish, Mauryan period.
'Moc/i^ : Morna
115. Bhoapur : The village Bhoapur lies towards south-east
of the Morna block headquarters at a distance of about 3 km.
A kuccha road leads to the village from Morna. The site is
towards south of the village Bhoapur. A mound, is said to
have existed here but at present it has been flattened and is
under cultivation. The sherds were picked up from the irriga-
tional drainage of the site.
 34

Pottery : The pot-sherds include bowls, basins, handis, ves-

sels, etc. of red ware. These pottery may belong to the
Sunga-Kushana and the Medieval perlod^^. However, no antiq-
uity was recorded during the course of the exploration.
116. Bhopa : The village Bhopa lies towards west of the
Morna block headquarters at a distance of about 10 km on the
Muzaffarnagar-Bijnor road. The whole mound is under cultiva-
tion and is almost flattened down. However, sherds were
picked-up from the irrigational drainage of the site.
Pottery : The pot-sherds comprise of red wares of Medieval
period^^. Among potteries usual shapes were found. However,
no antiquity was found during the course of the exploration.
117. C h a c h h a r a u l i : The village Chhacharauli is situated to-
wards north of the Morna block headquarters at a distance of
about 3 km. A kuccha road leads to the site from Morna. Ac-
cording to local people there was a T/7a (mound) but at
present, the so called mound has been converted into an agri-
cultural field.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site^^ is the red
wares of medieval period, which includes usual shapes. How-
ever, no antiquity was found during the exploration.
118. Churawala : The village Chaurwala lies towards the
south of the Morna block headquarters at adistance of about
4 km on the right side of the Morna-Jansath road. The site is
towards the east of the village Chaurwala. A huge mound is
said to have existed here but at present no sign of mound is
there. Apart from pottery few sculptures were found which
may belong to Gupta period and are housed in Govt. Museum,
Muzaffarngar, U.P.
Pottery : It is a medieval site which is represented by the

27. Ibid
28. Indian Archaeology-Review 1963-64 p. 53
29. Indian Archaeology-Review 1962-63 p. 36
 35

fragments of vases, bowls, basins etc. of red ware. A broken

piece of an indeterminate object has also been collected.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. It is a sanding image of a lady drummer. The lady with
well done hair, well dressed and an amulet and kangan in
wrists. The drum is almost straight. The left leg of the
drummer is slightly bent which stands on a pedestal. It is
draped in a transparent garment. It has full grown breasts.
It may belong to Historic period. C8th-9th A.D.(PI. XXVIII A).
2. It is a fine figurine of red sand stone of a lady holding
her left to in the right hand. She wears beautiful kangan
in her hands. She has full grown breasts and a nice bun;
wears beautiful floral ear tops. The lady stands on a ped-
estal (PI. XXVIII B).
3. It is a stone image of four figures of Lord Ganesha, one
on each side. The image is made of rough sand stone of
buff colour. The Ganesha image is sitting in Lalitasana on
a pedestal below which is depicted the Gonesha's vehi-
cle rat. The figure belongs to Historic period. C. 8-10
A.D. (PI. XXVIII C).
4. A beautiful stone image of sixth to seventh centuries. She
has got good facial expression, raised head gear and
prominent breasts (PI. XXIX A).
5. This is an image of a beautiful lady, probably Laxmi
which is sitting on a lotus pedastalled in Sukhasana. The
lady wears beautiful jwellaries including a torque and a
close neckless. She has full grown breasts. The hair
dress is decorated with flowers on the right of which is a
stylesed full blossomed lotus. Perhaps, the image of Vishu
lying on a snake bed? It belong to early Medieval period (PI.
XXIX B)
119. Firozpur : It is an uninhabited village and is about 5
km far from Morna block headquarters towards north-east. A
 136

metalled as well as a kuccha road starts from Morna. The site

is towards east of the village Firozpur. The site is locally
known as 'Nilkantha Ka Tila'. It is perhaps because of the
Nilkantheshwar temple which is constructed over it. The mound
is about 4 m. in height from the ground level and covers an
area of about 200x100 sq.mts. In addition to the temple on the
top of the mound there are two mazars of lakhauri bricks
locally known as Pir Sahab Ki Mazar. The whole area fall in
the khadar. it is difficult to approach the site during rainy
season.
Pottery : The pottery assemblage of the site^" is of red wares
and all belong to Medieval period. The shapes include vases,
lids, bowls and chilams etc. Some sherds have traces of slip
as well. However, no antiquity was found from the site.
120. Kari : The village Kari lies towards south-east of the
Mrona block headquarters, at a distance of about 10 km. The
site can be reached via village Berha Sadat, from where a
kuccha link road joins it. The site is towards north of the
village Kari.
The site^"* is rich in yielding the Medieval red ware of
various types. Some of the pots ware decorated with black
painting over red surface with grooves. Among the pot sherds
are bowls,basin,vases etc. No antiquity was found during the
course of exploration.
1 2 1 . -Khai-Khera : The village Khai-Khera lies towards south
of the Morna block headquarters which also forms its southern
boundary.lt is about 10km awys from the block Morna.The vil-
lage Khai-khera is on the right side of the Morna-Jansath
road.The site is locally known as Mimlakheri.
Pottery : The site^^ ^35 yielded the coarse Grey wares and
red wares of medieval perod. Among the shapes are vases,

30. Indian Archaeology-Review 1962-63 p. 36

31. Indian Archaeology-Review 1962-63 p. 37
32. Ibid.
 37

basin, lids etc.No antiquity was found from the site.

122. Kakrauli : The village Kakrauli lies towards the south of
the Morna block headquarters at a distance of about 8 km. on
Jansath-Morna road. The site is towars the east of the village
Kakrauli. According to local people there was a huge mound
known as Bimlakheri. However.at present there is no such
mound except some elevated portion. On the top of the mound
there is a Intermediate School. Towards the east at a distance
of about 8km Ganga Nadi flows. The area of the mound is ap-
proximately 200x100 sq.m.
Pottery : Generally red ware has been picked up from the
siie which may belong to early Historic and Medival period.The
ware is sturdy and well baked. Some sherds have the traces
of slip as well. However, no antiquity was encountered during
the course of exploration.
123. S h u k k a r t a r ( B a n g a r ) : The village Shukkartar Bangar
is situated towards north-east of the Morna block headquarters
at a distance of about 7 km. There is a metalled road leading
to the village Shukkartar. However, regular Bus service is there
from Morna. The site is towards west of the temple Shuk-Deva.
There is a well on the top of the mound. The well is made of
lakhauri bricks which may belong to the Medieval period. The
nature of the soil is loose brownish sandy.
Pottery : It appears to the an early Historic as well as a Me-
dieval site^^. Usual shapes of Wares of each period have been
found from the site. No antiquity was recorded.
124. Shukkartar (Khadar) : It is the neighbouring village of
Shukkartar Bangar. It also lies towards north-east of the Morna
block headquarters at a distance of about 8 km. There is a metalled
road leading to the village Shukkartar-Khadar. The site has yielded
red wares of Shunga-Kushana and Medieval period as well.

33. Indian Archaeology-Review 1963-64 p. 53

 38

125. Sikri : The village Sikri lies towards north of the Morna
block headquarters at a distance of about 13 km. There is a
metalled road which leads to the village Sikri. Buses are also
plying from Morna to Bhoker-heri and Sikri. The whole village
falls in the Khadar area.
The site is towards north of the village Sikri at a distance
of about one kilometre. The site is locally known as Khole Ka
Jungle. According to the local people the name Sikri has been
derived by the word 'Sikargarh'. It is alleged that there were
two wells of big bricks. However, no sign of it is seen now a
days.
The site Sikri, a large flat mound with an occupational
deposite of about 4 m.has yielded the pot sherds of PGW,
Grey ware, red ware of Sunga-Kushana and of Medieval pe-
nod. Apart from that a few sherds of OCP also have been
found. The whole mound is under cultivation. The area of the
mound is approximately 200x200 sq.m. The concentration of
the PGW pottery is in the south of the mound and the OCP
on the north. The soil of the mound is yellowish-sandy. The
river Ganga flows on the right side of the mound at a dis-
tance of about 2 km towards the east. However, Ganga Canal
flows adjacent to the mound towards the west. (PI. XXVII B).
Pottery : The pottery assemblage of the site^" is generally
OCP, PGW, Grey Ware, early Historic and Kushana ware. In
OCP no difinite shape has been found. However, fragments of
vases and big basins have been noticed. Among the PGW
many sherds have been picked up. No complete shape has
been noticed so far. They may be fragments of bowls and
dishes. A few sherds have traces of paintings as well. Red
ware complex generally belong to early Historic, Sunga-
Kushana and Medieval periods. They include fragments of lids,

34. Ibid.
* Such type of Grey ware sherds were found at Alamgirpur also.
 139

vases, basins, bowls etc.

Antiquity : Nothing important could be found among antiqui-
ties during the course of exploration except one pottery disc
of PGW (diam 4 cm) and one terracotta ball.
T E H S I L : BUDHANA
25/bc^ .• 'Bucffiana
126. Budhana : The headquarters of the tahsil and the de-
velopment block of the same name lies in Lat. 29°17'N and
Long. 77°99'E. It stands on the right bank of the Hindon river.
It is 30 kms south of the district headquarters and is linked
with metalled road.
The site is in the vicinity of the Budhana village which
has been converted into a grave-yard and is locally known as
Kabragah Ka Tila. Some Medieval structure is standing on it.
The site is towards north of the village.
Pottery : The pottery belongs to Medieval period. However,
usual shapes have been collected. No antiquity was encountered
during the course of exploration.
127. B a h r a m g a r h : The village locally known as Gafoorgarh,
is the adjucent village of Shikarpur-an OCR site. This village
stands on the right bank of the Hindon river which also forms
its eastern boundary It is hardly at a distance of about 8 kms
from the Budhana towards north.
The site is towards east of the village Bahramgarh. The
mound is sloping towards the Hindon Nadi and is completely
under cultivation. Pot sherds were collected from the furrow
mark in the field. However, the farmers pick out pot sherds
from the fields and throw out them as waste material. The ap-
proximate area of the mound would be 100x50 sq.m. The
whole area of the village falls in khadar and the composition
of the field is brownish sandy soil. (PI. XXVII C).
Pottery : The pottery complex of the site incloude wares of
Late Harappan, OCP, Mauryan and of Kushana period. The
 140

shapes in Late Harappan and OCP are of usual types and so

is the case with the Mauryan and the Kushana periods also.
Antiquity : Among antiquity a terracotta broken ball, and two
indeterminate terracotta objects were found of which one is
probably a wheel (PI. XXX A 4-5).
128. C h a n d h e r i : The village Chandheri is at a distance of
about 2 km. from Budhana with a metalled road towards south.
The site is on the right side of the Budhana-Ukavali road. The
site is towards west of the village Chandheri. It is said that
there was a huge mound and even today it is of considerable
hight from the ground level. The farmers of the village have
cut down the mound for agriculture purpose. It is also com-
pletely disturbed mound and adjacent to it there is a tube-well
and a newly constructed temple. The site is locally known
Rera. The area of the mound is about 100x80 sq.mts. (PI.
XXX B).
Pottery : The pottery from the site is very rich which is rep-
resented by the Late Harappan Pottery and OCP. The shapes
found from the sites are of usual type of Late Harappan cul-
ture. Among the OCP the fragment of flared rim vases are
prominent. No antiquity could be recorded from the site.
129. Husainpur Kalan : The village is situated towards north
of the Budhana block headquarters at a distance of about 4
km. A metalled road goes to the village Husainpur Kalan. It is
difficult to approach in the rainy season. The site is in the
vicinity of the village. The approximate area of the mound
would be 250x150 sq. m. Its height is about 4 m. The site has
been converted as a graveyard. It is locally known as 'Hathi
Ki Kabra'. However, farmers of the adjoining fields are cutting
down the mound badly for making a village road.
Pottery : The pottery complex found here includes generally
red wares. However, it may be noted down that a solitary
piece of Grey Ware was also picked-up from the site. The
 141

Red Ware includes fragments of thick corded marked bowls,

vases, basins, etc. The ware includes slipped pieces also. It
may belong to early Historic and Medieval period.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Probably a broken stone pestle (PI. XXX A1).
2. A terracotta pottery disc. (PI. XXX A2).
3. A terracotta irregular shaped ball (PI. XXX A3).
130. J a u l a - 1
1 3 1 . J a u l a - 2 The village Jaula is on the Budhana-Kandhala
road on the right side at a distance of about 5 kms from the
Budhana block headquarters towards the west. On the left side
of the road there is a school building and on the other side
is the site. It can be seen from the road. It has been con-
verted into a graveyard and the mound has been cut down by
the villager from making a village road.
On one side of the site there is a newly constructed temple.
Apart from the grave-yard this site is also used for bitas of cow
dung cake. It is said that there was a large mound but now it
would be about 2.5 m. high from the surrounding area. The total
area of the mound would be about 250x250 sq. m. and is di-
vided by the village roads. The site is situated in the central
place of the doab of rivers Krishni and Hindon. (PI. XXX C).
Pottery : Pottery of the site has planty Grey Ware which be-
longs to early Historical period and other wares may belong to
Historic and Medieval period. The pottery include fragments of
bowls, lids, vases, Handis, etc. Some sherds have the traces of
paintings also and a few others are decorated with incised de-
sign. The pottery is generally wheel made and a few are slipped
as well. A few Grey ware sherds have black slip on them.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. A terracotta wheel like object (PI. XXX A6).
2. A stone piece. (PI. XXX A7).
3. Spout of a pot (PI. XXX A8).
 142

4. A terracotta small bead having a wide hole, (PI. XXX A9).

132. K u t u b p u r Datana-1
133. Kutubpur Datana-2 This village known as Datana is
about 8 km. from Budhana block headquarters on Budhana-
Atali road towards south-east. The village Kutubpur Datana is
situated on the left side of the road. The village falls in
Khadar area. So the nature of the soil is loose. It is a promi-
nent PGW site. Along with PGW a few sherds of OCP, has
also been found which includes several pieces of mud plaster
with reed marks and usual shapes of OCP ware as well.
There are two mounds one is on the north of the village
and other is towards east. The distance between the two
mound is about one km. Mound (A) is locally known as
'Kasaiyon Wal Tila'. It is just on the right bank of the Hindon
river. One can see the river from the mound. This mound is
also completely under cultivation. There is a tree on the top of
the mound having a kuccha platefarm around it. The compo-
sition of the mound is loose and yellowish in colour. The
area of the mound is about 250x150 sq. m. Its height is about
5 m. from the river level. The site in turned into an agricul-
tural field which is ploughed even today,(PI. XXXI A).
Mound (B) covers an large area of about 300x300 sq. m.
Its approximate height is about 2 to 3 m. It is also under cul-
tivation. This mound has yielded red ware of Historical and
Medieval period.
Pottery : This site i.e. mound (A) is very rich in yielding
PGW. Pot-sherds are found in abundance. The shapes of this
ware includes pieces of generally bowls and dishes as found
at other well known PGW site. The painting on them are of
black pigment, which includes concentric circle, liner design,
dots and dashes and some includes leafy motif (?) as well.
The clay of the pottery is well levigated, have smooth surface.
Some associated Black-Slipped sherds also have been picked-
 143

up during the course of exploration. It may be further added

that OCP sherd of the site includes mud piaster pieces with
reed marks and usual sherds of the pottery Including vases
with flared rim. Red ware pottery of Historical and Medieval
period have been explored from the site of mound B.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of a baked brick with one side partly intact, re-
mains of base is plain and upper part has finger made
grooved. OCP period (PI. XXXI B1).
2. Fragment of a big vase, mat marked, having husk parti-
cles, ill-baked not well lavigated. Period not determinable.
3. Another fragment of a vase, treated with a red wash
bearing finger mark (PI. XXXI B2).
4. A terracotta pottery disc. PGW period.
5. Clay lumps with reed marks, having been used for plastering
purposes. A cavity indicates that probably a complete reed
might have been fixed into it. OCP period. (PI. XXXI C).
134. Luhsana-Rultanpur : The village Luhsana-Rukanpur lies
towards north of the Budhana block headquarters at a distance
of about 3 km. The village is linked with a metailed road,
which goes upto village Shikarpur. The site is on the north of
the village Luhsana-Rukanpur. The site is completely under cul-
tivation and pot sherds was picked up from the fields and fur-
rows. A large mound is stated to have existed here but now it
is rather a plain and a tube well is standing on the slightly
elevated part of the site. The site covers an area of about
50x50 sq. m.
Pottery : The sherds of Late Harappan ware have been
picked up from the furrows of the field. The sherds are sturdy
and well backed and have traces of slip. The site appears to
have been a prominent mound which has now been levelled
down.
135. Mahaljana-1
136. l\/lahaijana-2 The village Mahaljana stands just on the
 144

right side of the Hindon river. Ukavaii village a PGW site, is

adjacent to it which also forms its northern boundary. The vil-
lage Mahaljana is at a distance of about 6 km from the
Budhana block head-quarters towards south-east, it is on the
Budhana-Ukavali road on its left side. The site is towards
north of the village Mahaljana and is popularly known as 'Bar
Ke Per Wala Chak'. However, Bar (Bunyan) tree is no more
there, after which the site got its name. There was a mound
but now it is has been reduced to the plane. The Potteries
were picked up from the furrows of the field (PI. XXXII A).
Pottery : The pottery complex from the site includes late
Harappan, Ochre Colour Pottery as well as Medieval wares.
The shapes are usual as found on other sites. However,
among Late Harappan and Ochre Colour Pottery flared rim
vases were found frequently.
137. Nagwa : The village Nagwa is situated towards south-
east of the Budhana block headquarters at a adistance of
about 13km. The village stands on the right bank of the Kali
Nadi. The village Nagwa forms the southern boundary of the
Budhana block and the district as well. A metalled road goes
to the village Nagwa. The site is towards north east of the vil-
lage Nagwa. There is a brick paved link road between Nagwa
and Atali. The site is on the right side of this road. There is
a Govt.tube well on the same road. The narrow road from here
leads to the site. The mound has been flattened down and is
under cultivation.
Pottery : The pottery of this site represents Grey ware along
with the red ware of Historical and Medieval period.The pot-
tery of each group include usual shapes.
Antiquity : A terracotta disc having notches on the edges was
found on the site.
138. Riawali Nagia : The village Riawali Nagia is situated
towards south east of the Budhana block headqurters accross
 145

the river Hindon.lt is about 7km away from the Budhana and
a metalled road goes to the village. The site is towards south
west of the village Riawali. The mound has been flattened
down and is under cultivation.
Pottery : The pottery of this site has yielded the red ware of
early Historic as well as Medieval periods with usual shapes in
both the group.
139. Shikarpur : The village Sikarpur is situated towards
north of the Budhana block headquarter at a distance of about
13 km. It is connected with a metalled road from Budhana.The
village Shikarpur stands on the right bank of the river Hindon
which also forms its eastern boundary.The site is in the vicin-
ity of the road and covers an area of about 100x80 sq.m. It
is approximately 3 m. high from the surrouding area. People
have built houses on the top of the mound.(PI. XXXII B).
Pottery : The pottery of this site generally is red wares of
Medieval period which includes fragment of dull red ware
vases and bowls.#
140. Sarai : The village Sarai is situated towards the west of
the Budhana block headquarters at adistance of about 7 km.lt
is on the right side of teh Budhana-Khatauli road.A kuccha vil-
lage road leads to the site.A small portion of the mound is left
intact but the remaing part has been turned into fields.The site
lies between the doab of the Hindon and Krishni.The area of
the site is about 80x50 sq. m.lt has a slightly elevated portion.
Pottery : Here red wares have been found which may belong
to Kushana period.The pottery is well-baked and unslipped.
Fragments of vases, bowls, handis etc. have also been found.
A few sherds appear to show affintity with Late Harappan
wares. No antiquity was found during the course of the explora-
tion.
141. Sultanpur : The village Sultanpur is towards north-east
# According to Gaur RC and M. Lai it is a PGW site.
 146

of the Budhana block headquarters at a distance of about 7 km.

across the bridge. A metalled road goes to the Shahpur block.
On the same road at a distance of about 4.5 km on its left
side, there is a village Shah Dabbar from where a kuccha vil-
lage road goes to the village Sultanpur. It is situated on the left
bank of the river Hindon which forms its western boundary.
The site is towards the west of the village Sultanpur. The
mound is badly damaged by the farmers, yet it is consider-
ably high. The area of the mound is about 100x80 sq. mts.
There are some trees on the top of the mound.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site is of red wares
which generally belong to Historic as well as Medieval periods.
The fragments of pedastalled bowls, spouts, storage jars, ba-
sins, vases etc. have been found. Some fragments have traces
of slip. No antiquity was found.
142. Toda : The village Toda is situated towards the west of
the Budhana block headquarters at a distance of about 6 km
on the right side of the Budhana-Khatauli road. The site is just
on the right side of the village road, which joins the Budhana-
Khatauli road. The site is about 3 m. high from the surround-
ing area. On the top of the mound there is a tube-well. It cov-
ers an area of about 80x80 sq. mts. The nature of the soil is
loose yellowish sandy.(PI. XXXIII B)
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site mostly belongs to
Late Harappan culture which includes thick base, basins,
vases, thumb-and nail-pressed designs mainly on the rim
around the collar. Fragments of spouted basins as well as
fragments of rim of big storage jars have also been found. In
addition to it red ware of Kushana period have also been
picked up during the exploration.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Terracotta beads of different sizes. One of them is blackist
others are having traces of red slip. (PI. XXXII C).
 147

2. One terracotta ball and one terracotta disc was also found
(PI. XXXII C).
143. Ukaoli : The village stands on the right side of the river
Hindon which also forms its eastern boundary. A kuccha road
links the site from village Chandheh. Village Ukaoli is situated
towards south-east of the Budhana block headquarters at a
distance of about 3 km. The mound covers an area of about
250x150 sq.mts. and is about 7 m. high from the surrounding
area. The mound is not intact as the farmer of the adjoining
fields are lavelling It down. It is towards the east of the village
Ukaoli. The villagers can be consulted for reaching the site
called Punne Ka Chak. (PI. XXXIII A).
Pottery : The pottery from the site is rich in variety of PGW
which includes remains of dishes and bowls and many sherds
with painted designs in black pigment. It also has some red
wares. The remaining pottery appears to belong Medieval pe-
riod, suggesting that the site might have remained abandoned
for a long period until Medieval people came and settled
down here. The red wares of this site are the same as found
at other Medieval site of the district.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragment of an indeterminate terracotta animal figurine,
probably a horse with grooved mane and remains of fore
legs are visible (PI. XXXIII B5).
2. A terracotta bail (PI. XXXII 86).
3. An indeterminate terracotta objects (PI. XXXII B7).

144. Biral : It is an early Historic and medieval site^^.

145. Doongar : The village Dunger is situated towards east
of the Kandhia block headquarters at a distance of about 9
km. It stands on the left bank of the Krishni Nadi which also
forms its western boundary. The site can be reached via vil-
35. Indian Archeology Review-1979-80, p. 80.
 148

lage Rajpur-Chhajpur on Budhana-Kandhla road when the left

turned leads to the site. On the site there is a tube well and
a temple adjacent to the site.
The mound, has been levelled down and the plain area
covers of about 50x50 sq. m. Around it there are cultivated
fields. Adjacent to it there is a low lying land, where OCP
sherds' have also been found. They appear to have been
washed away from the site during the rains and deposited in
the fields.(PI. XXXIV A).
Pottery : The area appears very rich in the pottery. The
sherds of Late Harappan and OCP have been found in abun-
dance. The shapes in both wares are usual. However, OCP is
richer. Late Harappan and OCP pottery appear to have mixed
together at the site, suggesting that both OCP & Late
Harappan people might have lived together on the site.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Fragments of a big terracotta dish (Thali) which has on
its edges thumb impression cavities as decoration. It is
slipped, medium fabric, ill baked. Its diameter could not
be measured. Period not determinable.
146. Harya Khera-1
147. Harya Khera-2 Earlier, Harya Khera was a part of the
village Durganpur but now it has become an independent village.
It lies towards south-east of the Kandhia block headquaters at a
distance of about 6 km. The site can be reached via village
Rajpur-Chajpur on Budhana-Kandhla road then a right turn leads
to the site. The mound itself is known as Harya Khera. The vil-
lage Harya Khera stands on the left bank of the Krishni Nadi
which also forms it western boundary. The mound is fully intact
except the periphery which is under cultivation. On the top of
the mound there is a newly constructed temple. (PI. XXXIV B).
An adjoining mound known as Asarori also exist which has
yielded the same cultural remains. The size of the mound ap-
 149

proximately 150x100 sq.tn.

Pottery : It is a rich PGW site^^, though no full pot of it has
been found. Many broken pieces have been collected from the
site which may be fragment of bowls and dishes. A few pot-
sherds include traces of painting in black pigment. In addition
to these, fragments of Black slipped ware and red wares have
also been found. A few pieces of red wares may belong to
early Historic period which includes pieces of vases, basins,
troughs etc.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. An indeterminate terracotta object.
2. A broken stone dabber. Its upper part is mising.
3. Two terracotta discs (PLATE XXXIV 5-6).
148. Issopur Teel : The village Issopur Teel lies towards
south-west of the KhandhIa block headquarters at a distance
of about 10 km. It is connected by a metalled road on which
there is regular bus service from Kandhala to Issopur Teel. It
is a large mound, situated towards west of the village Issopur
Teel. The mound itself is known as Issopur Teel. It is one of
the highest mounds so far explored in the district. On the top
of the mound there is a temple. The mound Is intact except
its periphery which is under cultivation. The mound is about
10 m. high from the surrounding area and areawise is about
250x200 sq. m.
Pottery : The pottery collected from this site includes frag-
ments of PGW and red ware. A few sherds of Black-Slipped
ware were also found. Among paintings in Grey ware are gen-
erally black rim bands and linear design. Many red ware
sherds are associated with these ware which may belong to
PGW culture are early historic period and a few other sherds
belong to the Kushana period which includes some nail-im-
pressed pattern on the rim and below is mild rib. There are
36. Ibid
 150

also fragments of pedestalled bowls which are hallow from in-

side. Generally they are wheel made and unslipped.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. Terracotta beads and bangles.
2. Stone beads.
3. Terracotta animal figurine.
4. Pieces of copper and steatite.
5. Ivory objects".
6. Fragments of a terracotta plaque, right lower part is bro-
ken and the upper part is missing. It depicts a female
figurine which wears a skirt like dress in the lower part
and part of dupatta falls through left hand. Unslipped.
Sunga period (L 5 cm, W 3.6 cm).
149. Jasala : The village Jasala is situated towards north of
the Kandhia block headquarters at a distance of about 5 km.
It is on the right side of the Kandhla-Shamli road.
It is a Late Harappan site^^. Here Special mention my be
made of the traces of mud platform overlying the natural soil
which was observed in one of the explosed sections.
150. Kamruddin Nagar : The village Kamruddin Nagar lo-
cally known as Chandasugarh or Chandauli. The mound is also
known as Chandauli Ka Khera. At a later stage the population
is said to have shifted from here to some other place. The
village Kamruddin Nagar is situated towards south-east of the
Kandhala block headquarters at a distance of about 16 km.
There is no direct route to approach the site, which can be
reached via village Rajpur-Chhajpur on Kandhla-Budhana road,
which turns to the right side and leads to the site via
Durganpur towards the east. The site is on the right side of
the river Krishni at a distance of about 2 km. It is towards
south of the village Kamruddin Nagar. Originally the mound

37. Ibid
38. Ibid
 :5i

was considerably high but has been levelled down gradually

and only a small portion of it is left intact. Adjacent to the
mound there is a tube well. Some elongated brick bats were
also seen. (PI. XXXIV C).
Pottery : The pottery assemblage are represented by different
shades of red ware. Most of the sherds reprent Late Harappan
wares. Fragments include vases, storage jars, some pieces of
dish-on-stand(?) pedestalled bowls. A few of them are slipped
and well baked. While other sherds may belong to historical
period.
Antiquity : Following antiquities have been collected from the site:
1. An indeterminate terracotta object.
2. Fragments of pot sherds having rope pattern design.
3. A pottery disc. (PLATE XXXIV - B).
iS/bc^ .• ShaH-puT

151. Huzurnagar : The village Huzurnagar is situated to-

wards south-east of the Shahpur block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 10 km. Kali Nad! flows towards east at a dis-
tance of about 3.5 km. from the village Huzurnagar. There is
no direct route to approaach the site. The site can be
reached via village Mubarakpur on Shahpur-Jansath road,
which turns to its right side and leads to the village
Huzurnagar. The area of the mound is about 100x80 sq. m.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site includes few
sherds of PGW and Plain Grey Ware. Generally they produce
metallic sound. The pottery is made of well levigated clay which
is well baked. A few sherds of them are externally black-
slipped. Generally no complete shape has been found. How-
ever, framents of bowls, dishes and vases with out turned rims
and associated red wares have been found. Mostly they are
treated with a wash. It is worthwhile to mention that a tiny
sherd of grey ware with slightly everted rim was found which
is almost featureless though top is flattish. However, no antiq-
 152

uity was found from the site during the course of exploration.
152. Kamalpur : The village Kamalpur stands on the right
bank of the river Hindon which also forms its eastern bound-
ary. It is almost towards west of the Shahpur block
headquarter at a distancec of about 5 Km. The mound is to-
wards the west of the village Kamalpur. The village Kamalpur
is connected by a metalled road via Adampur towards the
north. The area of the mound is about 200x150 sq. m. On
the top of the mound there is mazar of Husain Shah pir. The
mound is also Known as Khera Husain Shah Pir. The people
visit the mound, for Ziarat (for pilgrimage) on Thursday.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site includes Grey Ware
sherds of various types and associated red ware. A few sherds
have traces of paintings as well. A few sherds of PGW have rim
band from which emerges a vertical line. Red ware sherds in-
clude fragments of vasses, basins, troughts, etc. A few sherds
are the fragments of broken chilam of Medieval period. One frag-
ment of red ware has stamped floral design and design in dots
on it which is treated with a wash. The period of which is inde-
terminate. Probably it may belong to Kushana or Gupta period.
Antiquity : A small terracotta disc with beautifully carved out
crecent-like notches on both sides has been recovered from
the site. It has central hole for making it a toy or spindle
whorl (diam.2.5cm) (PLATE XXIUV B).
153. Kakra : The village Kakra is situated toward north of the
Shahpur block headquarts at a distance of about 5 km which
form northern boundary of it. The river Hindon flows on the
western side of the village at a distance of about 2.5 km. The
mound is towards north-west of the village Kakra. It covers an
area about 100x80 sq.m. and is about 2 m. high from the sur-
rounding area. The village is easily approachable. It is on the
Shahpur-Muzaffarnagar road.
Pottery : The pottery collected from the site includes frag-
 153

ments of rims of vases, storage jars and basins. A few

sherds have turned blackish due to ill firing. A few other
sherds have parallel groove marks and pete! like figures on the
neck of a vase. Generally the sherds are unslipped and of
medium fabric. They all belong to Kushana period.
154. Kitas : The village Kitas is situated towards south east
of the Shahpur block headquarters at a distance of about 10
km. It stands on the right bank of the Kali Nadi which also
forms its south east boundary. There is no direct route to ap-
proach the site. However, the site can be reached via village
Mubarakpur on Shahpur-Jansath road which turns to its right
side and leads to the village Kitas. The mound is under culti-
vation. However, pot-sherds were collected from the site. The
mound covers an area of about 100x80 sq.m. It is difficult to
approach the site during rainy season.
Pottery : The pot-sherds collected from the site# includes
fragments of vases and basins and bowls as well.A few vases
have mild parallel ribs. Most of the sherds are well baked and
of medium fabric and unslipped. A few sherds have been
found blackish due to ill firing.They all belong to Kushana
period.A proto type bowl representing parai has also been
found. No antiquity was found.
155. P u r b a l i a n - 1
156. Purbalian-2 The village Purbalian stands on the right
bank of the Kali nadi which also forms its eastern boundary.
It is situated towards north of the Shahpur block head-quar-
ters at a distance of about 9 km. on Shahpur-Jansatha road
on the right side of the road. It is about 10 km away from
the district headquarters. The site is towards south of the vil-
lage Purbalian. It is just on the edge of the road. It covers an
area of about 300x200 sq. mts. and is about 7 m. high from
the surrounding area. Except the periphery of the mound

# According to Gaur RC and M. Lai it is a PGW site.

 154

which is under cultivation the rest of the mound is intact. How-

ever, the mound has been totally destroyed and has been
turned into a grave-yard. It has been divided into two parts by
a cart road, which leads to the village. Potteries are found
equally on the both the mounds. On the top mound there is a
mazar of Barha Hazi Pir and a electric pole also stands there.
Some brick-bats were also seen on the top of the mound (PI.
XXXV B).
Pottery : The site has yielded a rich variety of OCP. These
include fragments of miniature vases, basins, vases, storage
jars, fragments of a strap handle etc. The next period appears
to belong the PGW complex. This wares have yielded many
painted sherds which includes the line design and dots and
dashes and chain design etc. The pottery is well levigated and
well baked. It might have been a rich PGW site which has
been damaged to a large extent.
T E H S I L : KAIRANA
'Mocl^^ : %aiTana
157. Bhura : The village Bhura is situated towards north of
Kairana block headquarters at a diatance of 8 km on the left
side. The village stands on the left bank of the Katha Nala, a
tributary of the Yamuna. The mound covers an area of about
200x200 sq.m. has a thickness of about 3 metres and sug-
gests the occupation of successive cultures.
The site^^ has yielded typically Harappan pottery apart
from the Late Harappan pottery. Painted Grey Ware sherds of
red ware of the Sunga-Kushana period. Among antiquities only
terracotta cakes were found.
158. Kairana : The block, which is the headqurters of the
tahsil of the same name, lies in lat 27°24'N and long. 77°12'
E on the metalled road from Muzaffarnagar to Panipat. It is
situated at a distance of about 49 km from the district head-

39. Indian Archaeology Review 1968-69 p. 70.

 155

quarters on the khadar of the Yamuna.

The site''° has yielded the PGW and red wares of Sunga-
Kushana period which includes usual shapes of each group.
159. S a i n a t : The village Sainpat is situated towards south-
west of a the Kairana block headquarters at a distance of
about 6 km. The whole village falls on the khadar of the
Yamuna. The site is difficult to approach as there is no pucca
road which leads to the village. It is a low mound.
Pottery : The pottery complex of this site is very rich in
yielding PGW and associated wares including red wares.
Though no complete shape has been found during the course
of my exploration. The fragments include bowls and dishes. A
few pieces have painting of dots and other sherds have thick
parallel lines in black pigment. The red wares include frag-
ments of basins, vases etc. However, no antiquity was found.
160. U n c h a g a o n : The village Unchagaon is situated towards
south east of the Kairana block headquarters at a distance of
about 4 km. on the right side of the Kairana-Kandhala road.
The site is towards south-west of the village Unchagaon. This
site is about 4 km east of another PGW site Saipat. The
mound has been converted into an agricultural field.
Pottery : The pottery complex of the site"^ represents PGW
and red ware of early historic period. However, usual shapes
have been found in each group.
T E H S I L : KAIRANA
'Bfoci : SfuimU
1 6 1 . Jhal : The village Jhal is situated towards south-east of
the Shamli block headquarters at a distance of about 4 km on
the right side of the Shamli-Budhana road. The village Jhal
stands on the right bank of the Krishni Nadi, which also forms
its eastern boundary. The site is towards north of the village

40. Ibid
41. Tripathi, Vibha, op. cit, p. 131.
 156

Jhal. It is almost under cultivation. It is the southern border vil-

lage of the Shamli block. The site is localy known as Barle ka
Kile.
Pottery : The sitC^ Is very rich in yielding Painted and Plain
Grey Ware sherds with associated red wares. Though no com-
plete shape has been found, the pottery represents fragments
of bowls and dishes. In our collection mostly the fragments
belong to Plain Grey Ware However, a few sherds have rim
bands and parallel vertical line and dots in black pigment. A
few sherds of Plain Grey Ware give metalic sound which is
made of well levigated clay and have smooth surface. A few
of them have black exterior and grey interior. It appears that
exterior black is due a kind of black slip on it. Red wares in-
clude fragments of vases, basins etc. They all are generally
treated with a red wash, and appear to have been wheel
made. However, no antiquity was recorded from the site.
162. Jandheri : The village Jandheri is situated towards
north of the Shamli block headquarters at a distance of about
7 km. on the left side of the Shamli-Saharanpur road. The site
has yielded the Late Harappan Pottery"^.
'Bfocl^ : Tfiana 'Bfiazoan
163. Bhanti Khera-1
164. Bhanti Khera-2 The village Bhanti Khera has two Late
Harappan site viz. Bhanti Khera-1 and Bhanti Khera-2. The vil-
lage Bhanti Khera forms the southern border village of the
Thana Bhawan block headquarter. It is about 10 km away from
the block Thana Bhawan towards south. It can easily be ap-
proached from Shamli block on left side of the Shamli-
Muzaffarnagar road at a distance of about 8 km. The village
Bhanti Khera stands on the left bank of the Krishi Nadi which
also forms its western boundary. The highest thickness of the

42. Indian Archaeology Review 1979-80 p. 80

43. Ibid
 157

mound is about 2 m. from the surrounding area. It is a Late

Harappan site'"'-''^
165. Thana Bhawan : Thana Bhawan, the headquarters of
the development block lies in Lat. 29°35'N and Long.77°25'E.
It is situated on the bank of Krishni Nadi. Thana Bhawan is
located at a distance of about 18 km. from Shamli and about
32 km. from district headquarters. It is a Late Harappan site''^.
'BCocIl : Zln
166. Hatchhoya-1
167. Hatchhoya-2
Like Bhanti Khera this village has also two Late Harappan
sites viz. Hatchhoya-1 and Hatchhoya-2. The village Hatchhoya
lies towards north east of the Un block headquarters at a dis-
tance of about 3 km. The Katha Nala flows towards west of the
village hardly at a distance of about 1.5 km. The site is difficult
to approach during rainy season., However, the village Hatchhoya
is not connected with any pucca road. Both the sites of the vil-
lage Hatchhoya have yielded Late Harappan pottery'*''-''^.
168. Jhinjhana : The village Jhinghana lies in Lat. 29°31'N
and Long. 77°14'E. at a distance of about 48 km, from the
district headquarters and 17 km. from Shamli. It is towards
south of the Un block headquarters at a distance of about 7
km. It is connected with a metalled road which leads to the
tahsil Kairana. The village is just on the left bank of the Katha
Nala. The mound is in the vicinity of the village. It is consid-
erable high from the surrounding area.
Pottery : The pottery complex of the site''^ is represented by
the OCP, Painted/Plain Grey Ware and associated ware includ-
ing red ware of early historic period. Usual shapes have been
44 ibid
45. Ibid
46. Ibid
47. Ibid
48. Ibid
49. Indian Archaeology Review 1962-63 p. 70
 158

found in each group. No antiquity was recorded from the site.

169. Rahatpur : The village Rahatpur is situated on the north-
ern border of the Un block as well as the district. It lies towards
the north east of the Un block headquarters at a distance of
about 2 km. There is no direct pucca route to approach the site.
Owing to the khadar area it difficult to approach the site during
the rainy season. It is a Late Harappan site^°.
170. Samalkha : The village Samalkha lies towards south-
east of the Un block headquarters at a distance of about 3
km. A Kuccha road goes to the village from Un. The site lies
between the doab of Krishni Nadi and Katha Nala. It is also a
Late Harappan site^\
171. Un : The village Un lies towards west of the district
headquarters at a distance of about 60 km. Un, the block head-
quarters of the same name lies towards north of the Kairana
tahsil. There is a metalled road between Kairana and Un^^
It is a Late Harappan site.

50. Ibid
51. Ibid
52. Ibid
These site have been reported as NBPW by TN Roy in his book entitled 'An
Iron Age Culture of/nd/a' (New Delhi, 1986) and also in Puratattra No. 5, But I have
not found a single piece of NBPW from the above mentioned site during the course
of exploration. However, NBPW is not mentioned in lAR too from these sites.
 T

CO I

f^rom Meeruf