Our objective:

 The objective of this project is to use the energy produced directly by the sun and

collect it for driving a drilling machine which totally debars today's concern of

growing energy needs and increasing environmental alternatives to use the non-

renewable energy and polluting fossil fuels .

 The drilling machine so operated will be economically cheap, doesn’t depend on

main as it would work on solar power and no monthly payment of electricity bills

is required.

ABSTRACT

Solar power is the inception of electricity from sunlight. Solar energy is the most paramount

form of renewable energy that is utilized using a variety of ranges of technologies like solar

heating, solar thermal energy, artificial photosynthesis etc. Sunlight can be converted directly

into electricity using photo voltaic (PV), or indirectly with concentrating solar power (CSP),

that focuses the sun's energy for boiling the water which is then used to provide power, and

technologies such as the Sterling engine dishes which use a Sterling cycle engine to power a

generator. The large magnitude of solar energy fabricates it to be the alluring renewable

energy. Photo voltaic were initially used to power orbiting satellites and other spacecrafts but

today they are used for grid connection and power generation. This paper mainly focuses on

applications of solar power for driving a drilling machine and a stirrer machine prototype.

Drilling is a cutting process that is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood or other

materials whereas a stirrer is used to mix component, either solids or liquids and get a

homogeneous mixture. Using this form of energy is economical and environment friendly .

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 Introduction

The broad statement of design problem

In modern society ,humans not only need energy to maintain their metabolism for their

body to keep running but also for several other purposes like running appliances,

transportation purposes, residential uses like heating, lighting the home etc.Solar energy

is the energy radiated by sun in enormous amount every day. The energy is produced in

sun in its inner core in a process called nuclear fusion.

Solar energy is considered as a renewable energy source as every hour the sun’s energy

reaches the earth surface to meet the energy needs of the nation. But the capturing of

sunlight and utilizing it in the future needs is a difficult task as the energy spreads over a

very large area on the surface of the earth. Solar collectors like solar panel make it very

easy to capture the energy for using it. The solar inverters are used to convert the DC to

AC power where the low voltages DC sources are needed to get converted to AC power

for various applications.

Solar inverters use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to get the maximum

possible power from the PV array. In this context, we are implementing the prototype

model of a drilling machine and a stirrer machine within the limited available source

and economy for the day to day uses. This system can further be subjected for future

development using advanced techniques. The genuine use of the solar energy can lead
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the wa

Solar panel

DC Battery

Stirrer machine

Inverter Circuit

Drilling machine

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 Questionnaire method:-

Qn.No. Automatic threat detection via digital surveillance using image processing
techniques

1 Does the change in climate affecting a lot?

A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
2 Is the tax credits for installing solar PV systems high ?
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
3 The above system is affordable.
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
4 People face problem during power outage
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
5 Will the system produce enough of energy to satisfy all needs?
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
6 The system requires much maintenance cost
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
7 Is it possible to have a solar system on the house and still be connected to
city power?
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
8 The system’s installation
process is very easy
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
9 The system is very much eco-friendly.
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree
10 Is the system worth the money?
A) Strongly agree B) Agree
C) Disagree D) Strongly disagree

Product Teardown

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To use the solar energy collected for the fabrication of drilling machine, the following

steps are followed:

 Exposure of photovoltaic solar panel to sunlight as a source of energy for the

production of electricity.

 Charging of a DC Battery by the production of electricity of the solar panel.

 Designing of an inverting circuit to invert the DC output of the battery.

 Driving a drilling machine for various industrial applications.

Engineering specification

1 SOLAR PANEL
Maximum Power - 10 Watt
Operating Temperature - - 40℃ to +80℃
No. of cells - 36
Open Circuit Voltage - 21.6V
Short circuit current - 0.59A

2 DRILLING MACHINE
Maximum Power - 300 Watt
Drilling capacity - 10mm
Frequency - 50-60 Hz
Maximum speed - 2600 rpm
Voltage - 220 V

3 DC BATTERY
Capacity - 7A
Type - Sealed lead acid
Length -5.95"

Width - 2.56"
Height -3.71"
Voltage - 12V
Rechargable -Yes

Morphological analysis of product design

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 Function Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3

PV energy CSP(Concentrat Heliostat Solar panel

generation ed solar power)

Power Rectified Regulated Battery

Supply Supply Supply

Inverting Inverter - -
System

Indicating LED Alarm Buzzer

System

Identifying the flow

Customer need Flow

Maximum power point tracking Solar Inverter

Safety and storage

Uninterrupted protection

Maximum solar power generation Solar panel

Cost effective
Power
Easily utilizes available supply

Step ii.Identify a balance relationship

 For proper and exquisite functioning, the solar panel must produce enough of solar

power for future uses.

 Solar inverters use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to get the maximum

possible power from the PV array. Solar cells have a composite relationship between
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 solar irradiation, temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output

efficiency known as the I-V curve.

 The aim of the MPPT system is to gather the output of the cells and determine a

resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given situation.

 The fill factor refers to a parameter which, in complement with the open circuit voltage

(Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) of the panel, finds out the maximum power from a

solar cell.

Step iii.Identify the boundaries

This step entails the recognition of boundary conditions of the concept selected. For this

concept an inverter is designed that stores electrical energy in a battery and discharges it when

need. Basically, all household inverters majorly have two parts- Battery Charging Circuit and

Inverter Circuit. Battery charging circuit either uses the power from mains or from solar energy

to charge the battery and the Inverter Circuit convert the DC power stored in the battery to AC

whenever needed.

Here we are dealing with a Simple Low Power Square Wave Inverter using CD4047.We have

chosen CD4047 IC to design our inverter circuit as it is a low power IC capable of operating in

either in astable or monostable mode.

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 Step iv.Derive an equation

Mathematical analysis of the component is performed in this section. One of the

early sub-functions of the project can be derived mathematically.

CD4047 is a low power IC capable of operating in either in astable or monostable

mode. Here it is wired in astable mode. It works by charging a capacitor through

a resistor as in every astable multivibrators. A variable resistor is provided for

adjusting the output frequency to exact 50Hz.

The time period of the oscillation is given by the relation T = 4.40*R*C------------

(i)

This AC is given to the step up transformer of the secondary coil from this coil only we

will get the increased AC voltage , this AC voltage is so high; from step up transformer we

will get the max voltage. Zenor diode will help avoid the reverse current.

Conclusion
14.1 Conclusion
This report details with the extraction of solar power and use it for various industrial

applications. In the recent scenario, the growing energy needs for various purposes has become

the need of the situation. It is therefore essential to use the renewable resources resolutely to

meet the needs. One of such alternative is solar energy. It is quite simply the energy produced

directly by the sun and collected elsewhere. Apart from these, solar energy helps to reduce the

electric bills and has diverse applications such as to generate electricity in areas without access to

energy grid. This system requires very less maintenance and the only thing to keep them

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performing is to clean them at specific interval of time. Like the other side of the coin, this

system has a few drawbacks. This system is completely weather dependant and the initial cost of

purchasing the system and installing it is fairly high. Disregarding the dark side, we have

designed a solar driven drilling machine and a stirrer machine prototype as these machines play a

major role in most of the industrial purposes.