Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Classification
Biologists use classification to ____________ groups of living things
Helps make sense of different groups similarities and differences
_________________: study of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a
universally accepted name
Carolus Linnaeus
(1707 – 1778)
Created the system of naming we use today.
In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or
______________.
Binomial Nomenclature
“Bi” means ____
“nomial” means __________
Nomenclature means “the system of”
Defined:
In ______________ _______________, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
(Genus & species)
Example of Binomial Nomenclature
Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus
o Ursus: genus
Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears
o maritimus: species
The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea.
Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.
Problems with Linnaeus
Linnaeus only named two kingdoms
Plantae and Animalia
He used what was known and available in the 18th century to classify organisms
Based on observable characteristics only
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Taxons:
TAXON REMEMBER
Dear
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
Definitions to know:
Genus: is a group of closely related __________.
Species: Group of similar organisms that can _____________ and produce fertile offspring
Family: Group of genera that share many _________________.
Order: Group of similar _____________.
Class: Group of similar ___________.
Phylum: Group of closely related _____________.
Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related ____________.
Human Classification
TAXON Human
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification
_______________ – particular group or level of organization
Things to consider:
o Organisms that are in the same kingdom are not necessarily more similar than
those of the same species
o This applies to each taxonomic level
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Dichotomous Key
Help in identifying unknown organisms
Identifies features that are similar and different
This helps assign organisms to a particular category
Modern Classification
Now, we have evolutionary relationships, DNA analysis, and more complete fossil record
to establish relationships
Not just by visible _________________ anymore
Biologists now use 3 ____________ to classify organisms
Biologist use 6 kingdoms to separate organisms
Domains
Domains are larger than __________________.
Modern classification has introduced 3 major domains that organisms are classified into.
3 Domains are:
o __________________
o ___________________
o ___________________
The Three-Domain System
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom ___________________.
Unicellular/Prokaryotes
Cell walls have ________________.
Domain Archaea
Kingdom __________________________.
Unicellular/Prokaryotes
Cell walls withOUT __________________.
Domain Eukarya
______________________, multi/unicellular
Kingdoms _________________, ______________________,
_______________________, _________________.
Classification and Taxonomy Notes
Kingdom Classification
Kingdom Archaebacteria
o Unicellular Prokaryote
o Cell walls withOUT Peptidoglycan
o Extremophiles – Love extreme environments like volcanoes, hydrothermal vents,
and hot springs
o ____________________: salt lovers
o ____________________: anaerobes
o ____________________: live in high temperatures
Kingdom Eubacteria
o Unicellular ________________.
o Cell walls with ______________.
o All other bacteria you encounter everyday
Kingdom Protista
o Unicellular or ___________________.
o Can live in colonies.
Kingdom Fungi
o Unicellular or ______________________.
o Cell walls made of ___________________.
o Heterotrophs….they eat!
Kingdom Plantae
o Multicellular
o Cell walls made of Cellulose
o Autotrophs….make their own food
Kingdom Animalia
o ______________
o NO ______ _________.
o Heterotrophs….they eat
Classification Using Cladograms
___________________: A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group
of organisms.
