Applied Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications)
Part Three Building
Radiation Heat Transfer
Dr. Ahmad RAMAZANI S.A. Dryer
Associate Professor
Sharif University of Technology Dryer
اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﯼ
اﺣﻤﺪ رﻣﻀﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻌﺎدت ﺁﺑﺎدﯼ
Autumn, 1385 (2006)
Combustion Chamber
Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications) Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications)
• Aerospatiale and aeronautic
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between nonblackbodies Radiation network for an absorbing and
Irradiation transmitting medium
Radiosity Radiation exchange with specular surfaces
Isolated surface Radiation exchange with
Infinite parallel surfaces
transmitting,
Convex object in a large enclosure
reflecting, and
Apparent emissivity of a cavity
Radiation shields absorbing media
Gas radiation Apparent emissivity of cavity with
Beer law transparent cover
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Formulation for numerical solution
Parallel plates
Constant heat flux and surrounding shields
Combined convection and radiation
Solar radiation Light speed =
Greenhouse effect
Radiation properties of the environment
Insolation
Langley (a meterological unit)
Albedo
Effect of radiation on temperature measurement
Radiation heat-transfer coefficient
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radiation Heat Transfer (Kirchhoff’s law) Radiation Heat Transfer
Incident radiation Reflection
P=Transmissivity
α=absorpitivity or emissivty
τ= reflactivity
Embedded sample by a blackbody at equilibrium
emitted energy = absorbed energy
dividing
two relations
Absorptivi ty = emissive power of a body at a given Tem.
emissive power of a black body at the same Tem.
=ε = E
E
qi=radiant flux arriving at surface of enclosure b
E= emissive power
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Black Body Emissive Power as Function of Wavelength and Temperature
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
The Fraction of
The fraction of energy
radiated between 0 =
and lambda
Dividing both side by T5
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer: Greenhouse Effect
Radiant energy emitted between=
lambda1 and 2
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor)
Total Incident radiation
between0.2 and 3.5 All radiated energy from A1 arrives at A2 (F12=1) but only a fraction (F21)
Micrometer of radiated from A2 arrive at A1
Fraction of Incident radiation Transmitted
between0.2 and 3.5 Micrometer
A2
Q12=Q21=F21A2Eb2
Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor) (Emission Radiation and The solid angle )
F12 = Fraction of energy leaving surface 1 which reaches surface 2
Definition of Plane angle
Eb1A1F12= the energy leaving surface 1 and arriving at surface 2
Emission of Radiation from differential surface dA1 into a
solid angle dω subtended by dAn at point on dA1 Definition of solid angle
Projection of dA1 normal to the direction of radiation
Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor) Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor)
..
Ib=Intensity= The radiation emitted per unit area and per unit of solid angle in a
certain specified direction
Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor Con.) Radiation Heat Transfer
I b dA1 cos Φ 1dω =
So that energy leaving sourface dA 1 which arrives at dA 2 is :
dq 1 − 2 = I b (cos φ 1 dA 1 )( d ω ) = ( E b / Π )(cos φ 1 dA 1 )( dA n / r 2 ) =
E b 1 cos φ 1 cos φ 2 dA 1 dA 2 / Π r 2 )
I b = Eb / Π
Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape factor Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape factor
for a small area element and a disk) for a small area and a disk)
Considering the radiation from the small area of dA1 to the flat
disk A2, as shown in Fig. 8-
8-11.
The element of area dA2 is chosen as circular ring of Thus
=2πxdx
dA2=2π
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor Con.) Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor
Example)
500 oC
0.5 m
1000 oC
0.5 m
0.5 m
1m
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
For bodies that cannot see themselves
For concave curved surface
which can see themselves
Radiation Heat Transfer (Absorbed energy by a
Radiation Heat Transfer for Real Surface real surface) Example
(Real surface Behavior)
ε =α
λ λ
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)
q
Ar
q=
Ar
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Infinite parallel surfaces
Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer
Infinite concentric cylinder
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shields) Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shields)
If n shields with same emissivity have been used, then 2n +2 surface
resistance (each of them equal to (1-epsilon)/epsilon) and n+1 space
resistances (all of them equal to unity because shape factor is 1)
would be exist in system.
Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shield Application) Radiation Heat Transfer:
Gas Radiation
Consider that radiation with intensity of Iλ impinges on the gas layer of
thickness dx the decrease in intensity resulting from absorption in
layers is assumed to be proportional to thickness of the layer and the
intensity of radiation at the point. Thus.
8-48
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer
(Gas Radiation for Water and Carbon dioxide)
Method of Hottel and Egbert (or Mean Beam length) for
Monochromic Transmissivity calculation of Gas Emittances for carbon dioxide and water:
9Real calculations for gas absorptivity and Emissivity could
be difficult so
9Hottel and Egbert using different sources and presented
Figs. 8.34 and 8.35 for calculation of gas emittances for
carbon dioxide and water vapor.
In these figures
9Le is a Characteristic dimension called MEAN BEAM
Length
9Pc is partial pressure of considered gas
9For some system Le is presented in table 8-3.
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)
Cc = Correction Coefficient For non pure Carbon Dioxide from figure 8-37
Cw = Correction Coefficient For non pure Water Vapor from figure 8-37
∆ε = Additional Correction from figure 8-38
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)
Emissivity facture Correction for pressure other than 1 atm for
Emissivity facture Correction for pressure other than 1
CO2 (Cc)
atm for H2O (Cw)
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer
Additional Emissivity facture Correction, ∆ε, for Mixture of (Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure)
CO2 and Water Vapor
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with
Radiation Heat Transfer Two different temperature Black Enclosures )
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure Con.)
Energy balance on plate 1
Energy balance on plate 2
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure: Example)
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure: Example Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation heat transfer by multiple reflections
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media
Radiation heat transfer by multiple reflections (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.) Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Specular surfaces
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
System with two specular-diffuse surfaces Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media (Con.) Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media (Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Infinite parallel planes separated by Apparent emissivity of cavity
TRANSMITTING SPECULAR-DIFFUSE PLANE WITH TRANSPARENT COVER
Radiation Heat Transfer
Convection
Radiation Heat Transfer
Greenhouse
Effect • Radiation network for an absorbing and transmitting medium
• Radiation exchange with specular surfaces
• Radiation exchange with
• transmitting,
• reflecting, and
• absorbing media
• Apparent emissivity of cavity with transparent cover
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
