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Mathematical Modeling in Engineering

The document discusses mathematical modeling of physical systems using transfer functions and state equations. It provides examples of deriving transfer functions from schematics using different methods like Laplace transforms, impedance relations, and nodal/mesh analysis. The examples cover various systems including electrical circuits, mechanical translational and rotational systems, and their analogs.

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Muhammad Zain
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35 views53 pages

Mathematical Modeling in Engineering

The document discusses mathematical modeling of physical systems using transfer functions and state equations. It provides examples of deriving transfer functions from schematics using different methods like Laplace transforms, impedance relations, and nodal/mesh analysis. The examples cover various systems including electrical circuits, mechanical translational and rotational systems, and their analogs.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Zain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructor: Asst Prof Dr.

Muhammad Imran Lecture 2


 Develop a mathematical model from
schematics of physical systems
 Two methods are used
 Transfer function in frequency domain (chap 2)
 State equation in time domain (chap 3)
 Case 1: Roots are real & distinct

 Example 2.3
 Case 1: Roots are real & repeated

 Example
 Case 1: Roots are complex

 Example
 It algebraically relates a system o /p to its I /p
 Separation of system , I /p & o /p into three
distinct parts
 Combine mathematical representation of
subsystems to yield total system
representation
Nth Order Differential Equation with c(t) as O / p and r(t) as I / p
By taking Laplace Transform of above equation we get

 Example 2.4 & 2.5


 Example 2.6 : Transfer Function Vc(s)/V(s)
 Example 2.7 : Transfer Function Vc(s)/V(s) using impedance relations
 Example 2.8 : Transfer Function Vc(s)/V(s)

 Assumptions:
 Current leaving through Node = +ve
 Current entering a Node= -ve
 Example 2.11 : Transfer Function Vc(s)/V(s) using nodal analysis
 Example 2.13 : Mesh equations via Inspection
 Characteristics of OP Amp
 Transfer function
 Example 2.14: Find transfer function V0(s)/ Vi(s)
 Transfer function

 Example 2.15
 Example 2.15: Find transfer function V0(s)/ Vi(s)
Electrical Systems Mechanical systems

Capacitor Spring

Inductor Mass

Resistor Viscous Damper

Voltage- Current Force- Velocity

Voltage- Charge Force - Displacement

Differential Equation Equation of Motion

Kirchhoff's Laws Newton's Laws ΣF=0


 Example 2.16: Find transfer function
X(s) / F(s)
 Example 2.17: Find transfer function
X2(s) / F(s)
 Example 2.18: Write equations of motion by
inspection
Translational Mechanical Systems Rotational Mechanical systems

Force Torque

Translational Displacement Angular Displacement

Translation Rotation

Mass Inertia (J)


Example 2.19: Find transfer function θ2(s) / T(s)
 Example 2.20: Write equations of motion by
inspection
 An electric circuit that is analogous to a
system from another discipline is called an
electric circuit analog
 Two types
 Comparison with Mesh equations gives series
analogs
 Comparison with Nodal equations gives parallel
analogs
 Example 2.24: Sketch series analog of given
system
 Example 2.25: Sketch parallel analog of given
system

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