Chapter 2

Input, Processing and Output

Mrs. Hong Sun
COSC 1436 Summer, 2016
June 9, 2016
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program
o Programs must be carefully designed before they
are written. Before beginning a program, you
must have a firm idea of what the program should
produce and what data is needed to produce that
output. So programmers need to define the
output and data flows , develop the logic to get to
that output.
o Programmers can use tools such as pseudocode
and flowchart to create models of programs
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program -- Tools
o Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language
that helps programmers develop algorithms.
Pseudocode is a "text-based" detail (algorithmic)
design tool.
o The rules of Pseudocode are reasonably
straightforward. All statements showing
"dependency" are to be indented. These include
while, do, for, if, switch
o The pseudocode can be translated directly to
actual code.
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program -- Tools
o an example of pseudocode to create a program to
add 2 numbers together and then display the result.

Start Program
Enter two numbers, A, B
Add the numbers together
Print Sum
End Program
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program -- Tools
o another example of pseudocode to compute the
perimeter of a rectangle:
Start Program
Enter length, l
Enter width, w
Compute Perimeter = 2*l + 2*w
Display Perimeter of a rectangle
End Program
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program – Use flowchart
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program – Use flowchart

Oval called terminal (appear at top and bottom)

Parallelogram called input and output symbol

Rectangle called processing symbol (performs some

steps on data, such as calculation)
 Designing a Program
• Designing a Program – Summary
o The process of designing a program can be
summarized in the following two steps
 Understand the task that the program is to perform
 Determine the steps that must be taken to perform the
task.
 Input, Processing, and Output
• Input
o the information entered into a computer system, examples
include: typed text, mouse clicks, etc.
• Processing
o -the process of transforming input information into and output.
• Output
o the visual, auditory, or tactile perceptions provided by the
computer after processing the provided information. Examples
include: text, images, sound, or video displayed on a monitor or
through speaker as well as text or Braille from printers or
embossers.
 print function, Comments, Variables
• print function
print("Hong Sun") Output: Hong Sun
Where “Hong Sun” is string. String can be enclosed in single or
double quote.
Where print is function. Perhaps the most fundamental build-in
function is print function, which displays output on the screen.

A function is a piece of code in a program. The function performs a specific

task. The advantages of using functions are:
• Reducing duplication of code
• Decomposing complex problems into simpler pieces
• Improving clarity of the code
• Reuse of code
• Information hiding
 print function, Comments, Variables
• Some of python’s escape characters
\\ \n Backslash (\)
\' Single quote (')
\" Double quote (")
\n ASCII Linefeed (LF)
\t ASCII Horizontal Tab (TAB)
 print function, Comments, Variables
• More about print string output
print ("HongSun") output: HongSun
print ("Hong\\Sun") output: Hong\Sun
print ("Hong\'Sun") output: Hong’Sun
print ("Hong\"Sun") output: Hong”Sun
print ("Hong\tSun") output: Hong Sun
print ("Hong\nSun") output: Hong
Sun
 print function, Comments, Variables
• More about data print output
print("""I'm reading "Hamlet" tonight""")
Output : I'm reading "Hamlet" tonight
 print function, Comments, Variables
• print function’s ending
The print function normally display a line of output.
Two print sentences will produce two lines of output
print(‘One’)
print(‘Two’)
Output is:
One
Two
If you want to suppress the newline
print(‘One’, end=‘ ‘)
print(‘Two’)
Output is:
One Two
 print function, Comments, Variables
• print function specifying an item separator
print (‘One’, ’Two’ , ’Three’)
when multiple arguments are passed to the print function, they
are automatically separated by space. So the output is
One Two Three

print (‘One’, ’Two’ , ’Three’, sep=‘’)

print (‘One’, ’Two’ , ’Three’, sep=‘##’)
print (‘One’, ’Two’ , ’Three’, sep=‘---’)
print (‘One’, ’Two’ , ’Three’, sep=‘***’)
 print function, Comments, Variables
• print function Displaying Multiple Items with +
Operator
print(‘This is ‘ + ‘a cat’)
Output: This is a cat.

print(‘The print function will prints as strings everything ‘ +\

‘in a comma-separated sequence of expressions, ‘ +\
‘and it will separate the results with single blanks by default. ‘ +\
‘Note that you can mix types: anything that is not already a string is’ +\
‘automatically converted to its string representation.’)
 print function, Comments, Variables
• Comments
Comments are note of explanation that document line or section
of a program. Comments are part of the program, but the
python interpreter ignores them. They are intended for people
may be reading the source code.

In Python, comment begins with # character.

example:

# This program uses print function to display output.

print(‘this is my first Python project!!’)

 Print function, Comments, Variables
• Variables
A variable is a name that represents a value stored in
the computer.
Naming Rules:
• Can not use one of Python’s key words as a variable name.
• A variable name can not contains space.
• The first character must be one of the letters a through z ,
A through Z or under-score character(_)
• After the first character you may use one of the letters a through z , A
through Z , the digit 0 through 9 or under-score character(_)
• Variable name is case sensitive. This means the variable name
Lastname is not the same as lastname.
 Print function, Comments, Variables
• List of Python keywords
o The following is a list of keywords for the Python
programming language.
and, del, from, not, while, as, elif, global, or, with
assert, else, if, pass, yield, break, except, import,
print class, exec, in, raise, continue, finally, is,
return, def, for, lambda, try
o Python is a dynamic language. It changes during
time. The list of keywords may change in the
future.
 Print function, Comments, Variables
• Variable Assignment
use an assignment statement to create a variable and make it reference a
piece of data.
example:
price = 12.25 # this is float (float)
age = 25 # this is integer (int)
name = ‘Hong Sun’ # this is string (str)

An assignment statement is written in the following general format:

variable = expression

print(price, age, name)

 print function, Comments, Variables
• Variable – reading input from keyboard
use input function to read user input.
Example:
name = input(‘Enter your name:’)
#Note: the input function always returns the user’s input
as a string, even if the user enters a numeric data.

string_hours = input(‘how many hours did you work for week?’)

hours = int(string_hours) , hours = float(string_hours)

or
hours = int(input(‘how many hours did you work for week?’))
hours = float(input(‘how many hours did you work for week?’))

int , float called data conversion function.

 print function, Comments, Variables

• Performing Calculations
• Python math Operators:

Symbol Name

+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
// Integer Division
% Reminder
** Power
 print function, Comments, Variables
• Performing Calculations
# Python Source code
a = 10.89234
b = 11
c = 12

add = a + b + c
sub = c - a
mult = a * b
div = c / 3

power = a ** 2

print add, sub, mult, div

print power
 print function, Comments, Variables
• Formatting Numbers.
x = 1234.56789 # this is float data

# Two decimal places of accuracy

print(format(x, '0.2f'))

# Right justified in 10 chars, one-digit accuracy

print(format(x, '>10.1f'))

# Left justified
print(format(x, '<10.1f'))

# Centered
print(format(x, '^10.1f'))

# Inclusion of thousands separator

print(format(x, ',.1f'))

print(format(x, '0,.1f'))
 print function, Comments, Variables
• Functions we learn today
print -- output function
Input -- data input function
int -- data conversion function
float -- data conversion functions
str -- data conversion functions
format – data formatting function
 Programming Exercise
12.Stock Transaction program page 79
Last month Joe purchased some stock in Acme Software, Inc. here are
the details of the purchase:
• The number of shares that Joe purchased was 2,000
• When joe purchased the stock, he paid $40.00 per share
• Joe paid his stockbroker a commission that amounted to 3% of the
amount he paid for the stock.

Two weeks later joe sold the stock. Here are the details of the sale:
• The number if shares that Joe sold was 2,000
• He sold the stock for $42.75 per share
• He paid his stockbroker another commission that amount to 3% of
the amount he received for the stock.
 Programming Exercise
12.Stock Transaction program page 79
Write a program that display the following information:
• The amount of money joe paid for the stock
• The amount of Commission Joe paid for his broker
when he bought the stock
• The amount of money Joe sold for the stock
• The amount of Commission Joe paid for his broker
when he sold the stock
• Display the amount of money that Joe had left when
he sold the stock and paid his broker(both times). If
this amount is positive, then Joe made a profit. If the
amount is negative, then Joe lost money.
 Programming Exercise
12.Stock Transaction program page 79
buy_share=2000 # this variable is integer
buy_per_share=40 # this variable is integer
buy_Commission_rate=0.03 # this variable is float

sold_share=2000 # this variable is integer

sold_per_share=42.75 # this variable is float
sold_commission_rate=0.03 # this variable is float

buy_amount=buy_share*buy_per_share # this variable is integer

buy_Commission = buy_amount*buy_Commission_rate # this variable is float

sold_amount = sold_share*sold_per_share # this variable is float

sold_Commission = sold_amount*sold_commission_rate # this variable is float

# this variable final_amount is float

final_amount= sold_amount-buy_amount-buy_Commission-sold_Commission

print ('The amount of money Joe paid for the stock is $',format(buy_amount,',d'),sep='')
print("The amount of Commission Joe paid for his broker when he bought the stock is $",format(buy_Commission ,',.0f'),sep='')

print("The amount of money Joe the stock is $",format(sold_amount,',.0f'),sep='')

print("The amount of Commission Joe paid for his broker when he sold the stock is $",format(sold_Commission,',.0f'),sep='')

print("The amount of money Joe got is $" ,format(final_amount,',.0f'),sep='')

if final_amount>0 :
print("Joe made a profit")
else:
print("Joe lost money")
 Lab exercise and Assignment
• Exercises
Review Questions p73-p74
Programming Exercises 3 , 7

• Assignments:
• Programming Exercises
– 1,4,5,9
– Send source code and output to ling.zhang@hccs.edu or
hong.sun@hccs.edu
– Due: June 14, 2016.