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Image Processing Lecture 2 - Enhancement

Digital image processing techniques can enhance images. Point processing manipulates individual pixel values through linear, logarithmic, and power law transformations. Piecewise linear transformation stretches image intensity ranges through contrast stretching. Histogram equalization spreads out the most frequent intensity values in an image. Spatial filtering modifies pixel values based on neighboring pixels through averaging and weighted average filters to reduce noise.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views49 pages

Image Processing Lecture 2 - Enhancement

Digital image processing techniques can enhance images. Point processing manipulates individual pixel values through linear, logarithmic, and power law transformations. Piecewise linear transformation stretches image intensity ranges through contrast stretching. Histogram equalization spreads out the most frequent intensity values in an image. Spatial filtering modifies pixel values based on neighboring pixels through averaging and weighted average filters to reduce noise.

Uploaded by

Putroe Chandz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Image Enhancement
Image Enhancement
Point Processing
Point Processing
• Linear
• Logarithmic
• Power law
Point Processing
Point Processing
Point Processing
Power law transformation
Results of applying the transformation with c=1 and gamma= 0.6, 0.4, 0.3 and 1, 3, 4
Piecewise Processing
Piecewise Linear Transformation
• Contrast Stretching
It is a process that expands the range of intensity levels in an image
so that it spans the full intensity range of the recording medium or
display device
Piecewise Linear Transformation
Histogram
Histogram
Histogram Equalization- Sum
Spatial Filtering
Averaging Filter
Weighted Average Filter
Example
Let 3x3 neighborhood has values
(10, 20, 20, 20, 15, 20, 20, 25, 100)
1 Step: Sort
(10, 15, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, 100)
2 Step: Median
20
3 Step: Replace
(10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 25, 100)
Definition
• First order Derivative of 1-D function

• Second order Derivative of 1-D function


• Second order Derivative of 2-D function
First Derivative – The Gradient
• Roberts cross gradient operators [1965]

• Sobel operators
Combining Enhancement Methods
Combining Enhancement Methods

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