Cambridge iGCSE 0654 (Chemistry Units)
TOPIC I can
Recall how the periodic table is structured by atomic number
(proton number)
Describe the changes across a period from metallicnon-metallic
Describe the relationship between Group number, number of outer
shell electrons and metallic/non-metallic character
Use the periodic table to predict properties
Describe lithium, sodium and potassium in Group I as a collection
of relatively soft metals showing a trend in melting point, density
and reaction with water
C9. The Periodic Table Predict the properties of other elements in Group I, given data,
where appropriate
C9.1 The Periodic Describe the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group VII,
Table as a collection of diatomic non-metals showing a trend in colour
C9.2 Periodic trends and physical state
C9.3 Group properties State the reaction of chlorine, bromine and iodine with other
C9.4 Transition halide ions
elements Predict the properties of other elements in Group VII, given data
C9.5 Noble gases where appropriate
Describe the transition elements as a collection of metals having
high densities, high melting points and forming coloured
compounds, and which, as elements and compounds, often act as
catalysts
Describe the noble gases, in Group VIII or 0, as being unreactive,
monoatomic gases and explain this in terms of electronic
structuretable
State the uses of the noble gases in providing an inert atmosphere,
i.e. argon in lamps, helium for filling balloons
Describe the general physical properties of metals as solids with
high melting and boiling points, malleable and good conductors of
C10. Metals heat and electricity
Describe metallic bonding as a lattice of positive ions in a
C10.1 Properties of ‘sea of electrons’ and use this to describe the electrical
metals conductivity and malleability of metals
C10.2 Reactivity series Describe alloys, such as brass, as mixtures of a metal with
C10.3 Extraction of
other elements
metals from their ores
C10.4 Uses of metals Explain in terms of their properties why alloys are used
instead of pure metals
Describe how the properties of iron are changed by the
controlled use of additives to form steel alloys, such as mild
steel and stainless steel
Understand why alloys are made and draw and recognize
diagrams to show them
Recall the order of the reactivity series.
Place in order of reactivity: potassium, sodium, calcium,
magnesium, aluminium, (carbon), zinc, iron, (hydrogen) and
copper, by reference to the reactions, if any, of the elements
with: – water or steam – dilute hydrochloric acid – reduction
of their oxides with carbon
Describe the reactivity series in terms of the tendency of a
metal to form its positive ion, illustrated by its reaction, if
any, with: – aqueous ions of other listed metals – the oxides
of other listed metals
Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of
experimental results
Say what method should be used depending on how reactive
the metal is.
Describe how carbon is used to extract some metals from
their ores.
Describe and explain the essential reactions in the extraction
of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, including the
removal of acidic impurities as slag
C + O2 → CO2
C + CO2 → 2CO
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
Relate the method of extraction of a metal from its ore to its
position in the reactivity series for the metals listed in
section C10.2 and for other metals, given information
Describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need
to recycle metals
Describe the uses of aluminium:
– in aircraft parts because of its strength and low density
– in food containers because of its resistance to corrosion
Describe and explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium
in terms of the oxide layer which adheres to the metal
State the uses of mild steel (car bodies and machinery) and
stainless steel (chemical plant and cutlery)
Explain the uses of zinc for galvanising steel and for making
brass
Describe a chemical test for water using copper(II) sulfate
C11. Air and water and cobalt(II) chloride
Describe, in outline, the treatment of the water supply in
C11.1 Water terms of filtration and chlorination
C11.2 Air
State the composition of clean air as being a mixture of 78%
C11.3 Carbon dioxide
and methane nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small quantities of noble gases,
C11.4 Nitrogen and water vapour and carbon dioxide
fertilisers Name the common pollutants in air as being carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen
State the adverse effect of these common air pollutants on
buildings and on health
State the source of each of these pollutants:
– carbon monoxide from the incomplete combustion of
carbon-containing substances
– sulfur dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels which
contain sulfur compounds (leading to acid rain)
– oxides of nitrogen from car engines
Describe some approaches to reducing emissions of sulfur
dioxide, including the use of low sulfur petrol and flue gas
desulfurisation by calcium oxide
Describe, in outline, how a catalytic converter removes
nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide from exhaust
emissions by reaction over a hot catalyst
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2
2NO → N2 + O2
State the conditions required for the rusting of iron (presence
of oxygen and water)
Describe and explain barrier methods of rust prevention,
including paint and other coatings
Describe and explain sacrificial protection in terms of the
reactivity series of metals and galvanising as a method of
rust prevention
State the formation of carbon dioxide:
– as a product of complete combustion of carbon-containing
substances
– as a product of respiration
– as a product of the reaction between an acid and a
carbonate
– as a product of thermal decomposition of calcium
carbonate
State that carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases
State that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases
cause an enhanced greenhouse effect, which may contribute
to climate change
Describe the need for nitrogen-, phosphorusand potassium-
containing fertilisers
Describe the displacement of ammonia from its salts
Describe and explain the essential conditions for the
manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process including the
sources of the hydrogen (reaction of methane/natural gas
with steam) and nitrogen (from the air)
Understand the finely chosen conditions of the
Haber Process
Recall the fractional distillation of air!
Explain the reactions that form acid rain.
Name the use of sulfur in the manufacture of sulfuric acid
C12. Sulfur Describe the manufacture of sulfuric acid by the Contact
process, including essential conditions and reactions
S + O2 → SO2
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3
H2SO4 + SO3 → H2S2O7
H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4
Describe the manufacture of lime (calcium oxide) from
C13. Carbonates limestone (calcium carbonate) in terms of the chemical
reactions involved, and the use of limestone in treating
acidic soil and neutralising acidic industrial waste products
Describe how calcium oxide can be used to treat acidic soil
due to it’s properties as a basic oxide.
Name and draw the structures of methane, ethane, ethene
C14. Organic and ethanol
chemistry State the type of compound present, given a chemical name
ending in -ane, -ene and -ol, or a molecular structure
C14.1 Names of
Name and draw the structures of the unbranched alkanes and
compounds
C14.2 Fuels alkenes, containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule
C14.3 Be able to name and draw alkenes and alkanes and say in
Homologous detail how they are different
series State that coal, natural gas and petroleum are fossil fuels that
C14.4 Alkanes produce carbon dioxide on combustion
C14.5 Alkenes Name methane as the main constituent of natural gas
C14.6 Alcohols Describe petroleum as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its
C14.7 Polymers separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation
C14.8 Synthetic Describe how petroleum is separated by fractional
polymers distillation.
Understand in depth how fractional distillation work in terms
of boiling points.
Describe the properties of molecules within a fraction
State the uses of the different fractions produced.
Name the uses of the fractions as:
– refinery gas for bottled gas for heating and cooking
– gasoline fraction for fuel (petrol) in cars
– naphtha fraction as a feedstock for making chemicals
– diesel oil/gas oil for fuel in diesel engines
– bitumen for road surfaces
Describe the homologous series of alkanes and alkenes as
families of compounds with the same general formula and
similar chemical properties
Use the terms saturated and unsaturated.
Describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons whose
molecules contain only single covalent bonds
Describe the properties of alkanes (exemplified by methane)
as being generally unreactive, except in terms of burning
Describe the complete combustion of hydrocarbons to give
carbon dioxide and water
Say what cracking is and why it is so important
Describe alkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons whose
molecules contain one double covalent bond 2 4
Describe the formation of smaller alkanes, alkenes and
hydrogen by the cracking of larger alkane molecules and
state the conditions required for cracking
Recognise saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons:
– from molecular structures
– by their reaction with aqueous bromine
Understand addition reactions including:
• Ethene reacting with steam
• Ethene reacting with Bromine
• Ethene reacting with hydrogen gas
Know the equations (and symbols) in combustion.
Describe the formation of ethanol by fermentation and the
catalytic addition of steam to ethene
Describe the complete combustion of ethanol to give carbon
dioxide and water
State the uses of ethanol as a solvent and as a fuel
Define polymers as long chain molecules formed from small
units (monomers)
Understand that different polymers have different monomer
units and/or different linkages
Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of
addition polymerisation of monomer units
Deduce the structure of the polymer product from a given
alkene and vice versa
Explain the differences between addition and condensation
polymerisation
Describe the formation of a simple condensation polymer
exemplified by nylon, the structure of nylon being
represented as
Where to go for Revision:
Exercise book!!!
Cambridge 2016 Specification iGCSE Revision Guide
GCSE Bitesize - http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science
There are lots of great short video clips which explain difficult scientific concepts in an
easy to understand way on http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/
Each other
Just for starters…
Revision Techniques
Target areas that need work on, don’t spend all your time covering things you already
know
Module mind maps
Past paper questions
Learn key words, use pictures, colours, highlighting
Posters, including diagrams, pin them up where you will see them
Quiz cards – question on front, answer on back
Teach someone else and fill in gaps in understanding as you identify them!
Play quizzes and games on GCSE Bitesize
Make summary notes for each topic above
Practice example questions using the various physics equations
