SHAPER MACHINE
Aim:- studyof shaper machine.
Theory:-
(i) Configurations and basic functions of
Shaping machines
Shaping machine
A photographic view of general configuration of shaping machine is shown in
Fig. 4.4.1. The main functions of shaping machines are to produce flat
surfaces in different planes. Fig. 4.4.2 shows the basic principle of generation
of flat surface by shaping machine. The cutting motion provided by the linear
forward motion of the reciprocating tool and the intermittent feed motion
provided by the slow transverse motion of the job along with the bed result in
producing a flat surface by gradual removal of excess material layer by layer
in the form of chips. The vertical infeed is given either by descending the tool
holder or raising the bed or both. Straight grooves of various curved sections
are also made in shaping machines by using specific form tools. The single
point straight or form tool is clamped in the vertical slide which is mounted at
the front face of the reciprocating ram whereas the workpiece is directly or
indirectly through a vice is mounted on the bed.
Cutting tool in action
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
Fig. 4.4.1 Photographic view of a shaping machine
tool
work
Desired flat surface
D
CM FM
Fig. 4.4.2 Principle of producing flat surface in shaping machine
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
(ii) Kinematic system and working principles of
Shaping machine
Shaping machine
The usual kinematic system provided in shaping machine for transmitting
power and motion from the motor to the tool and job at desired speeds and
feeds is schematically shown in Fig. 4.4.5.
leadscrew
ram
Oscillating lever
column
crank
Bull gear
bed
base
Fig. 4.4.5 Kinematic diagram of a shaping machine.
(iii) Various applications of
Shaping machine
Planing machines
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
Slotting machines
Shaping machines
It is already mentioned that shaping machines are neither productive nor
versatile.
However, its limited applications include :
Machining flat surfaces in different planes. Fig. 4.4.7 shows how flat
surfaces are produced in shaping machines by single point cutting
tools in (a) horizontal, (b) vertical and (c) inclined planes.
FM CM
CM FM
(a) horizontal surface (b) vertical surface
FM CM CM
FM
(c) inclined surfaces (dovetail slides and guides)
Fig. 4.4.7 Machining of flat surfaces in shaping machines
Making features like slots, steps etc. which are also bounded by flat
surfaces. Fig. 4.4.8 visualises the methods of machining (a) slot, (b)
pocket (c) T-slot and (d) Vee-block in shaping machine by single
point tools.
Forming grooves bounded by short width curved surfaces by using
single point but form tools. Fig. 4.4.9 typically shows how (a) oil
grooves and (b) straight tooth of spur gears can be made in shaping
machine
Some other machining applications of shaping machines are cutting
external keyway and splines, smooth slitting or parting, cutting teeth
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of rack for repair etc. using simple or form type single point cutting
tools.
Some unusual work can also be done, if needed, by developing and
using special attachments.
(a) slotting (b) pocketing (c) T-slot cutting
(d) Vee-block
Fig. 4.4.8 Machining (a) slot, (b) pocket (c) T-slot and (d) Vee block in
shaping machine
(a) grooving (b) straight tooth cutting for spur gears
Fig. 4.4.9 Making grooves and gear teeth cutting in shaping machine by form tools.
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
However, due to very low productivity, less versatility and poor process
capability, shaping machines are not employed for lot and even batch
production. Such low cost primitive machine tools may be reasonably used
only for little or few machining work on one or few pieces required for repair
and maintenance work in small machine shops.
(a) through rectangular hole (b) hexagonal socket
Fig. 4.4.11 Typical machining application of slotting machine.
However, it has to be borne in mind that productivity and process capability of
slotting machines are very poor and hence used mostly for piece production
required by maintenance and repair in small industries. Scope of use of
slotting machine for production has been further reduced by more and regular
use of broaching machines.
Result:-thus we have studied the construction, mechanism, and operation of shaper machine.
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
