ZHB037, Soil Report

TELENOR PAKISTAN LTD.
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
THE GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS & SOIL

ANALYSIS FOR THE ERECTION OF 60 M. HIGH
SELF-SUPPORTED TELENOR TOWER AT VILLAGE
MONHAR AHMADI DARGAH (SHAMILAT), TEHSIL &
DISTRICT SHERANI
(SITE CODE: ZHB037-A)
CONTRACTOR:
IKAN ENGINEERING SERVICES

PLOT # 09
SANITARY MARKET
SECTOR I-11/3
ISLAMABAD
April, 2016
geo-tech consultancy services

CONSULTING GEO-TECH ENGINEERS
HYDROLOGISTS AND GROUND WATER INVESTIGATORS
3360, Lane-3, Officer Colony, I-8, Misriyal Rd. Rawalpindi.
Ph:+92 51 5166707 & 4320334, Fax: +92 51 4862507, Email: gcs_zarar@yahoo.com
TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE GEOTECHNICAL
INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE ERECTION OF 60 M. HIGH
SELF-SUPPORTED TELENOR TOWER AT VILLAGE
MONHAR AHMADI DARGAH (SHAMILAT), TEHSIL &
DISTRICT SHERANI. (SITE CODE: ZHB037-A)
1. INTRODUCTION
In this rapidly developing era, the necessity of Telecommunication

needs no emphasis. Various organizations are engaged in this field
for advancement of Telecommunication Network in Pakistan.
IKAN Engineering Services Karachi, is one of the largest
Telecommunication companies presently busy in providing latest
technology.
For economical and safe foundation design, the knowledge of

subsoil stratification and engineering characteristics of the
foundation material is very essential. Accordingly M/s Geo-tech
Consultancy Services of Islamabad have been engaged to carryout
geotechnical investigations & recommending safe Bearing
Capacity.
2. LOCATION OF SITE
The site is located on a hill top at Village Monhar Ahmadi Dargah

(Shamilat), Tehsil & District Sherani.
3. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS
3.1 Sub-Soil Stratification
The site was explored through Pits dug maximum up to 0.3 m.

depth from the present ground level. The subsoil strata are given
as follows:-
P-1
0.0 - 0.2 m. = Gravels & Boulders.
0.2 - 0.3 m. = Hard Rock.
P-2
0.1 - 0.2 m. = Hard Rock.
P-3
0.2 - 0.3 m. = Hard Rock.
P-4
0.1 - 0.2 m. = Hard Rock.
The soil profile is graphically explained in Geological Profile as

Appendix-I.
1
3.2 Subsoil Strength Characteristics
The strength characteristics of subsoil foundation material were

investigated by employing Standard Penetration Tests. The “qu” is
172.35 (kN/m2). The S.P.T. “N” values for the whole strata falls in
the range of “Refusal”. The results of in-situ moisture contents and
Bulk Density are given in Table-II and the SPT “N” values are
recorded in the geological profile as Appendix-I.
It may be noted that standard penetration test is by far the most

popular and economical method of obtaining subsurface
information. Significant numbers of foundation design procedures
make use of SPT results. Testing method essentially consists of
driving a split spoon sampler of specified dimensions at a distance
of 46 cm. into the soil at the bottom of the borehole/Pit. A 63.5 kg.
Hammer falling free from a height of 2.5 ft. is used to drive the
sampler. Number of blows required to drive the last 12 inches is
recorded as ‘N’ value. The standard penetration tests were carried
in accordance with the specification of ASTM D-1586.
3.3 Ground Water Table

The ground water table was not encountered up to the depth of
investigations.
4. LABORATORY TESTING
Most of the samples collected in the field were extracted from the
Split-spoon Sampler during S.P.T but some testing like Bulk
2
Density, Unconfined Compression Strength and in-situ moisture
contents were also conducted in the laboratory for which U.D.S
were collected. Samples thus collected are subjected to following
laboratory tests in accordance with latest AASHTO standards. It
includes:-
a. Sieve Analysis (T-27-99).

b. Hydrometer Test (T-88-00).
c. Liquid Limit (T-89-96)
d. Plastic Limit (T-90-00).
e. Specific Gravity (T-100-95).
f. Unconfined Compressive Strength discussed under field
testing (T-208-96).
g. Direct Shear Tests (T-236-92).
h. Chemical Analysis of Soil.
The results of above tests are given in different tables attached, and
are also briefly discussed as under:-
4.1 Gradation/Grain Size Analysis

The grain size analysis was performed on selected samples. The
analysis indicates that the subsoil contains Gravels & Boulders
which is under laid by Hard Rock in the Pits for the entire
excavated depth and falls under A-5 & A-6 groups of AASHTO
(M-145) Soil Classification System.
4.2 Atterberg Limits
Selected samples were subjected to plasticity tests. The results show

that the soil is semi-plastic in nature and as a whole falls under
“GW & GP” groups of Unified Classification System.
3
4.3 Unconfined Compression Strength
The results of unconfined compression strength are discussed in

Para 3.2 above.
4.4 Direct Shear Test
Selected samples were subjected to Direct Shear Tests. The Angle

of internal friction “” was tested to be 35.30 degree & cohesion
“c” is 0.025 (psi). The results are given in Table-II.
4.5 Chemical Analysis of Soil

Selected samples close to the foundation depth were tested for
Sulphate Contents. The results indicate that the soil does not
contain harmful quantity of Sulphates in the tested soil samples.
Therefore “Ordinary Portland Cement” (O.P.C.) can be used in the
foundations. The results are given in Table-IV.
4
5. TYPE & DEPTH OF FOUNDATION
Raft foundation for Tower at 2.0 m. depth.
6. BEARING CAPACITY
Self-Supported Tower (Raft foundation)
2.0 m. Depth
qa = 360 (N-3) Rw

where qa = Allowable Bearing Capacity for 1
maximum settlement.
N = Design S.P.T “N” values within
Stress zone = 13
Rw = Water table correction = 1.0
qa (net) = 360 (N - 3) Rw
= 360 (13 - 3) 1.0
= 360 x 10 x 1.0
= 3600 lbs/sq.ft.
= 1.633 tons/sq.ft.
= 172.35 kN/m2
qa (Gross) = qa (net) + Df
= 1.633 + 0.90
= 2.533 tons/sq.ft.
= 267.33 kN/m2
Note: Other values of “qa” (Gross) and “qu” at different depths are given
in Table-I
5
7. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Prior to providing foundation concrete, the foundation rock

should be exposed properly to have a strong bond between
rock and concrete.
2. Drainage may be kept efficient and no surplus water be

allowed to penetrate into the foundation soil from any source.
3. No significant concentration of Sulphate contents observed

in the foundation soils, therefore “Ordinary Portland
Cement (O.P.C.)” can be used for foundation construction.
4. The required raising may be done preferably with organic

and salt free Clayey soil, which should be thoroughly
compacted up to the specified state of compaction.
5. Soil conditions need the use of Jack Hammer and blasting for
excavation.
(GHULAM JAFAR)
Geophysicist
GEO-TECH CONSULTANCY SERVICES
ISLAMABAD.
6
DISCUSSION OF LAB.
RESULTS
7
TABLE - I
RESULTS OF BEARING CAPACITY W.R.T. DIFFERENT DEPTHS
Depth Bearing Capacity

Sr. Location In For 1” Max. (For 2” Max. Qu
# Meter Settlement ) Settlement ) kN/m2
qa (Gross) qa (Gross)
kN/m2 kN/m2
1 P-1-4 2.0 267.33 288.10 172.35
2 // 2.4 272.40 293.53 172.58
3 // 2.7 275.93 296.72 172.79
4 // 3.0 278.28 299.61 173.00
8
T A B L E - II
RESULTS OF INSITU MOISTURE CONTENTS, BULK DENSITY

AND UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Depth In-situ Bulk

Sr. Location In Moisture Density “qu”
# Meter Content gm/cc kN/m2
%
1. P-1-4 2.0 1.20 1.90 172.35
2. // 2.4 1.21 1.90 172.58
3. // 2.7 1.21 1.90 172.79
4. // 3.0 1.21 1.90 173.00
9
T A B L E - III
RESULTS OF DIRECT SHEAR TESTS
Angle of Apparent
Sr. Location Depth Internal cohesion
# In Friction “c”
Meter “” Psi
1. P-1-4 2.0 35.30 0.025
2. // 2.4 35.30 0.025
10
T A B L E - IV
RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL
Depth Sulphate Content

Sr. Location In SO4
# Meter %
1. P-1-4 2.0 0.060
2. // 2.4 0.060
Maximum limit of Sulphate
Content for Foundations = 0.18% Maximum
11
INDEX
Sr. C o n t e n t s Page
# #
------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION 0
2. LOCATION OF SITE 0
3. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS 1
3.1 Subsoil Stratification 1

3.2 Subsoil Strength Characteristics 1
3.3 Ground Water Table 1
4. LABORATORY TESTING 2
4.1 Grain Size Analysis 2

4.2 Atterberg Limits 3
4.3 Unconfined Compression Strength 3
4.4 Direct Shear Test 3
4.5 Chemical Analysis of Soil 3
5. TYPE & DEPTH OF FOUNDATION 4
6. BEARING CAPACITY 4
7. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 5
Table-I RESULTS OF BEARING CAPACITY W.R.T.

DIFFERENT DEPTHS 6
Table-II RESULTS OF INSITU MOISTURE CONTENTS,
BULK DENSITY AND UNCONFINED
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 7
Table-III RESULTS OF DIRECT SHEAR TESTS 8
Table-IV RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL 9
Appendix:
FIELD PIT LOG
BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS
12
SITE ID: ZHB037-A IKAN ENGINEERING
CONTRACTOR SERVICES
VILLAGE MONHAR AHMADI
GCS geo-tech consultancy services

LOCATION: DARGAH,
TEH. & DISTT. SHERANI.
DEPTH: 2.0 M.
DATE: 16-04-2016
CHECKED BY: GHULAM JAFAR

CEMENT: O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
TOWER FOUNDATION
BEARING CAPACITY (kPa)

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 3m
110 Width = 5m
Width = 7m
120
Width = 9m
130
GRAPH-1: BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS FOR DEPTH 2.0 M.
Suit # 29,3rd Floor, Twin City Plaza, I-8 Markaz, Islamabad. Ph:051-4320334
CONTRACTOR SERVICES

LOCATION: DARGAH,
DEPTH: 2.5 M.
DATE:
16-04-2016

CEMENT O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
TOWER FOUNDATION

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 3m
110 Width = 5m
Width = 7m
120
Width = 9m
130
CONTRACTOR SERVICES

LOCATION: DARGAH,
DEPTH: 2.7 M.
DATE:
16-04-2016

CEMENT: O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
TOWER FOUNDATION

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 3m
110 Width = 5m
Width = 7m
120
Width = 9m
130
CONTRACTOR SERVICES

LOCATION: DARGAH,
DEPTH: 3.0 M.
DATE:
16-04-2016

CEMENT: O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
TOWER FOUNDATION

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 3m
110 Width = 5m
Width = 7m
120
Width = 9m
130
CONTRACTOR SERVICES

LOCATION: DARGAH,
DEPTH: 1.0 M.
DATE:
16-04-2016

CEMENT: O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
GENERATOR FOUNDATION

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 2m
110 Width = 3m
120
130
CONTRACTOR SERVICES

LOCATION: DARGAH,
DEPTH: 1.5 M.
DATE:
16-04-2016

CEMENT: O. P. C.
BEARING CAPACITY
for
SOLAR PANEL FOUNDATION

00 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
00
10
20
30
SETTLEMENT (mm)
40
50
60
70
80
LEGEND
90
Width = 1m
100 Width = 2m
110 Width = 3m
120
130
geo- tech consultancy services
HYDROLOGISTS AND GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATORS
UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST (result)

Project: Telenor Tower. Date: 15-04-2016
Location: Village Monhar Ahmadi Dargah Sample.UDS-1
Pit No. 1 Sample Depth: 1-2 ft.
Testing Method: ASTM D-2166
Specimen Cross-section: 3.40 cm Specimen Height (H): 5.6 Cm.

Water Contents (w): 1.20% Dry Density (rd): 1.90 g/Cm.3
Unconfined Compression Strength Undisturbed : 1.63 Kg/cm2 Rebounded – kg/cm3
Remarks : Failure strain 2.65 %
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
Axial Stress Kg/cm2.
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Failure Sketch
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Axial Strain %
TESTED BY: CHECKED BY:
Suit # 29, 3rd Floor, Twin City Plaza, I-8 Markaz, Islamabad. Ph:+92 51 4442055, 4862507


2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Failure Sketch
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Axial Strain %


2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Failure Sketch
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Axial Strain %


2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Failure Sketch
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Axial Strain %
GEOLOGICAL
PROFILE
PHOTOGRAPHS
Figure 1: Road Leading to Site.
Figure 2: Way to Site.

Figure 3: Site View.
Figure 4: Digging started at site.

Figure 5: Location of P-2.
Figure 6: Evidence of Rock.

Figure 7: Surface Material.

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TELENOR PAKISTAN LTD.

THE GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS & SOIL

IKAN ENGINEERING SERVICES

geo-tech consultancy services

In this rapidly developing era, the necessity of Telecommunication

For economical and safe foundation design, the knowledge of

The site is located on a hill top at Village Monhar Ahmadi Dargah

3.1 Sub-Soil Stratification

The site was explored through Pits dug maximum up to 0.3 m.

The soil profile is graphically explained in Geological Profile as

The strength characteristics of subsoil foundation material were

It may be noted that standard penetration test is by far the most

3.3 Ground Water Table

a. Sieve Analysis (T-27-99).

4.1 Gradation/Grain Size Analysis

4.2 Atterberg Limits

Selected samples were subjected to plasticity tests. The results show

The results of unconfined compression strength are discussed in

4.4 Direct Shear Test

Selected samples were subjected to Direct Shear Tests. The Angle

4.5 Chemical Analysis of Soil

qa = 360 (N-3) Rw

1. Prior to providing foundation concrete, the foundation rock

2. Drainage may be kept efficient and no surplus water be

3. No significant concentration of Sulphate contents observed

4. The required raising may be done preferably with organic

RESULTS OF BEARING CAPACITY W.R.T. DIFFERENT DEPTHS

Depth Bearing Capacity

1 P-1-4 2.0 267.33 288.10 172.35

2 // 2.4 272.40 293.53 172.58

3 // 2.7 275.93 296.72 172.79

4 // 3.0 278.28 299.61 173.00

RESULTS OF INSITU MOISTURE CONTENTS, BULK DENSITY

Depth In-situ Bulk

1. P-1-4 2.0 1.20 1.90 172.35

2. // 2.4 1.21 1.90 172.58

3. // 2.7 1.21 1.90 172.79

4. // 3.0 1.21 1.90 173.00

RESULTS OF DIRECT SHEAR TESTS

1. P-1-4 2.0 35.30 0.025

2. // 2.4 35.30 0.025

RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL

Depth Sulphate Content

1. P-1-4 2.0 0.060

Maximum limit of Sulphate

Content for Foundations = 0.18% Maximum

3.1 Subsoil Stratification 1

4.1 Grain Size Analysis 2

5. TYPE & DEPTH OF FOUNDATION 4

Table-I RESULTS OF BEARING CAPACITY W.R.T.

GCS geo-tech consultancy services

CHECKED BY: GHULAM JAFAR

BEARING CAPACITY (kPa)

GRAPH-1: BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS FOR DEPTH 2.0 M.

GCS geo-tech consultancy services

CHECKED BY: GHULAM JAFAR

BEARING CAPACITY (kPa)

GRAPH-2: BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS FOR DEPTH 2.5 M.