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Nozzle Check

The user is confused about the sign of forces reported in the nozzle load check output in Caesar II. While the restraint report shows the load as positive Y, pointing upward, the nozzle check output shows the B force as positive, which would indicate downward based on the local coordinate system. The expert explains that the B axis is defined as positive Y in the nozzle check, so a positive load value correctly corresponds to an upward force direction despite the potential confusion caused by comparing it to the restraint report signs. Proper definition of the reference vector is important to align the global and local coordinate systems.

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687 views11 pages

Nozzle Check

The user is confused about the sign of forces reported in the nozzle load check output in Caesar II. While the restraint report shows the load as positive Y, pointing upward, the nozzle check output shows the B force as positive, which would indicate downward based on the local coordinate system. The expert explains that the B axis is defined as positive Y in the nozzle check, so a positive load value correctly corresponds to an upward force direction despite the potential confusion caused by comparing it to the restraint report signs. Proper definition of the reference vector is important to align the global and local coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

incaurco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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nozzle check option in caesar but i have lots of confusion.

If My nozzle orientation is in west direction and pump shaft is also same orientaion then what will be
reff vector?

if i define reff vector as (0,1,0)then result are matching except sigh of load in west derection is opposite
to the restraints summary so please clearify why is error?

I must assume that you are using "read from file" to fill the load limits for the directions A, B & C. I will
guess you are using the API610 data. This data is held in the SYSTEM in the file API-610.eql. That file
defines the translation from the API 610 coordinates x,y,z to the CAESAR II coordinates A,B,C for each of
the three nozzle orientations - Top, Side & End.
For Top nozzles: B is shaft orientation
For Side and End nozzles: B is up

I am uncertain of your sign issue. But signs are not significant in this evaluation. The check is on the
magnitude (i.e., using the absolute value) and there is no nozzle combination check (as in API 610 Annex
F).

Thanks for your quick response.

As you told i have taken one case study in which i have considered end suction - top discharge pump.
nozzle is 3" suction.
configuratin and input for nozzle limit check as per Attachment-1.
But output of this nozzle limit check is ok.but sign asigned to Fa,Fb,Fc, that i didn't understand how they
came?

i compared Fa,Fb,Fc sign with local forces (applying righthand rule) but still at lest one force sign is not
matchig with that please find the attachment of output (Attachment-2).

Dave,I think sign of these forces are important for better judgemnt while analysis.

Thanks,
Step by Step Methods for WRC 107 and
WRC 297 Checking in Caesar II
Introduction:
Whenever Pressure Vessel or Heat exchanger (Static Equipments) nozzle loads exceeds the
allowable values provided by Vendors (Equipment manufacturer) or standard project specific
tables (guidelines), the piping stress professional is permitted to use WRC 107/297 (or any other
FEA) to check the stresses at the Nozzle-Shell junction point and check the stresses with allowable
values provided by Codes. If the stresses are found to be within allowable limit then the load and
moment values can be accepted without any hesitation.
However there are some boundary conditions which must be met before using WRC. This small
write up will try to explain the required details for performing WRC 107 and WRC 297 using
Caesar II and step by step method for performing WRC check.
Both WRC 107 and WRC 297 deal with “local” stress states in the vicinity of an attachment to a
vessel or pipe. As indicated by their titles, WRC-107 can be used for attachments to both spherical
and cylindrical shells while WRC-297 only addresses cylinder to cylinder connections. While both
bulletins are used for nozzle connection. WRC-107 is based on un-penetrated shell, while WRC-
297 assumes a circular opening in vessel. Furthermore, WRC-107 defines values for solid and
hollow attachments of either round and rectangular shape for spherical shells but drops the
solid/hollow distinction for attachments to cylindrical shells. WRC-297, on the other hand, is
intended only for cylindrical nozzles attached to cylindrical shells.
Boundary condition for using WRC 107:
To determine whether WRC 107 bulletin can be used for local stress checking the following
geometry guidelines must be met:

 d/D<0.33
 Dm/T=(D-T)/T>50 (Here, T=Vessel Thickness, Dm=mean diameter of vessel)

Boundary condition for using WRC 297:


To determine whether WRC 107 bulletin can be used for local stress checking the following
geometry guidelines must be met:
1. d/D<=0.5
2. d/t>=20 and d/t<=100 (Here t=nozzle thickness)
3. D/T>=20 and D/T<=2500
4. d/T>=5
5. Nozzle must be isolated (it may not be close to a discontinuity) – not within 2√(DT) on vessel
and not within 2√(dt) on nozzle
Difference between WRC 107 and 297:
The major differences other than the boundary conditions mentioned above are listed below:
1. WRC 107 calculates only the vessel stresses while WRC 297 calculates Vessel stresses along
with nozzle stresses.
2. WRC 297 is applicable only for normally (perpendicular) intersecting two cylindrical shells
whereas WRC 107 is applicable for cylindrical as well as spherical shells of any intersection.
3. The attachments for WRC 297 checking must be hollow but WRC 107 analyzes cylindrical or
rectangular attachments which can be rigid or hollow.

4. WRC 297 is not applicable for nozzles protruding inside the vessel (Fig 1), Tangential Nozzle
(Fig 2), Nozzle at angle (Fig 3).

5. Typically, WRC-107 is used for local stress calculations and WRC-297 is used for flexibility
calculations.

Limitations of WRC:

Other than boundary conditions mentioned above there are few more limitations as
mentioned below:

1. Neither bulletin considers shell reinforcement nor do they address stress due to pressure.

2. CAESAR II ,PVElite & CodeCalc will not extrapolate data from the charts when
geometric limitations mentioned above are exceeded. Extrapolated data may not be
appropriate.

Inputs required for performing WRC checking:

The following documents must be ready with you before you start to perform WRC
107/297 checking:

1. Equipment Details/ General Arrangement Drawing

2. Nozzle details
3. Line list

Step by Step methods for performing WRC 107/ WRC 297 calculation in Caesar II:

Step 1: Perform Static analysis of the stress system and find out the nozzle loads required
for checking local stresses.

Step 2: Enter into the WRC module from Caesar II. Provide a file name for your job

Step 3: Following screen will appear. Enter the Nozzle data as mentioned below:
Step 4: Now enter the vessel details i.e, diameter, wall thickness, corrosion allowance and
material.
Step 5: Input vessel and Nozzle direction cosines, Internal design pressure and load and
moments values from Caesar static analysis output (Sustained, Expansion and occasional
as applicable).
Step 6: On options it is suggested not to change any parameter. Now click on analysis to
read the results. The output will inform you whether WRC checking is passing or failing.
Use results as per your requirement.
Reviewing your nozzle check using your load case 1...
Restraint report shows the following loads:
X:- Y:+ Z:-
Nozzle check shows these loads:
A:+ (use negative Z load): correct
B:+ (use positive Y load): correct
C:- (use positive X load): correct

Looks good to me.

Remember that your pipe is entered in the -Z direction so A is -Z.


as per restraints it is Y:+ so it is in upward direction.

but as per nozzle check B:+ so as per local forces direction it is in Downward direction.

so please explain how to undersatand nozzle check output?


_________________________
Thanks & Regards
Sushant Khandekar

-The load is positive Y.


-The B axis is defined as positive Y.
-So the B load is positive.
I don't know what needs explaining.

Does this help?...


If I redefine your reference vector (B) as negative Y (0,-1,0):
-The load is positive Y.
-The B axis is defined as negative Y.
-So the B load is negative.

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