College of Engineering and Architecture
Electronics Engineering
Subject Code
First Semester
VHF/UHF ANTENNA DESIGN
Title
Presented by
Presented to
October 23, 2018
Title
Quagi Antenna
Introduction
A Quagi antenna is a variation on the venerable Uda-Yagi,
which dates back 1926. A Quagi antenna uses the same strategy as
a Uda-Yagi, using a refltector, a driven element, and then a
number of director elements. However, a Quagi constructs the
reflector and the driven elements as "quads" rather than as
linear elements. In a Quagi the first two elements of the
antenna are quads, the directors are all simple straight wire
elements, as in the traditional Uda-Yagi design.
The Quagi antenna is the combinations of Yagi-Uda and quad
antenna. The Quagi was originally designed on the K6YNB/N6NB
backyard antenna range in 1972, with the assistance of Will
Anderson. The need for low cost, high gain antenna for Moon
bounce Communication inspired the development of Quagi antenna.
The name Quagi is a simple contraction of Quad-Yagi. There is a
"Quad" class of antennas. They come in single elements, and as
arrays. A Quad antenna is typically a single wire formed into a
square. The dimensions of the square are adjusted so that the
antennas resonate at the intended frequency of operation. Both
the Quad and the Yagi-Uda antennas are resonant antennas. If one
tries to use them outside of their design frequency limits,
results will be poor at best. The benefits of Quagi antenna are
cheap materials, easy to build, doesn’t need advanced tools,
easy to tune, it has the same Gain as Yagi-Uda’s. Quad loop
makes excellent driving element and reflectors and best suited
for moon bounce communication.
In this antenna we made, we use 5 directors, 2 quad
reflectors and 1 driven element. The original quagi antenna boom
used is wood but in this project we used aluminum that’s why the
elements mounted on insulators above or below the boom (not
passed through a metal boom). Folded dipole used in this because
folded dipole antenna is the special type of balanced antenna.
It requires a balanced feedline or a balun to match impedance. A
dipole is 1/2 wave element fed directly with coaxial cable and
is unbalanced.
Elements
Reflector - device that reflects electromagnetic waves.
Antenna reflectors can exist as a standalone device for
redirecting radio frequency (RF) energy, or can be
integrated as part of an antenna assembly. Any gain-
degrading factors which raise side lobes have a two-fold
effect, in that they contribute to system noise
temperature in addition to reducing gain. Aperture blockage
and deviation of reflector surface (from the designed
"ideal") are two important cases. Aperture blockage is
normally due to shadowing by feed, sub reflector and/or
support members. Deviations in reflector surfaces cause
non-uniform aperture distributions, resulting in reduced
gains.
Driven element — an antenna element excited by means of a
transmission line. In a transmitting antenna it
is driven or excited by the RF current from the
transmitter, and is the source of the radio waves. In a
receiving antenna it collects the incoming radio waves for
reception, and converts them to tiny oscillating electric
currents, which are applied to the receiver. Multielement
antennas like the Yagi typically consist of a driven
element, connected to the receiver or transmitter through
a feed line, and a number of other elements which are not
driven, called parasitic elements. The driven element is
often a dipole. The parasitic elements act
as resonators and couple electromagnetically with the
driven element, and serve to modify the radiation
pattern of the antenna, directing the radio waves in one
direction, increasing the gain of the antenna.
Director — an antenna element in a parasitic array that
causes radiated energy from the driven element to be
focused along the line from the driven element to the
director. It re-radiates and again adds to or subtracts
from the radiations at the dipole, increasing or decreasing
the signal going to the receiver, depending on the
direction in which the antenna is pointing relative to the
transmitter.
Computations
fl = 295MHz fo = (295MHz)(950MHz) = 529.3864Mhz
fu = 950 MHz ג = (3x108)/(529.39MHz) = 0.57m
ג/2 = 0.285m
Director 1 = (0.285 x .95) = 0.2708m
Director 2 = (0.2708 x.95) = 0.2573m
Director 3 = (0.2573 x.95) = 0.2444m
Director 4 = (0.2444 x.95) = 0.2322m
Director 5 = (0.2322 x.95) = 0.2206m
Reflector 1 = (0.285 x 1.05) = 0.2993m
Reflector 2 = (0.2993 x 1.05) = 0.3145m
Boom Length = 4ft
Spacing = (0.2 x )ג = (0.2 x 0.57m) = 0.114m
Radiation Pattern
