Bluetooth Basics

ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Blue Tooth – Basics

Using BT-Arduino
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Webpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee/
Microelectronic Engineering
Rochester Institute of Technology
82 Lomb Memorial Drive
Rochester, NY 14623-5604
Tel (585) 475-2035

Email: Lynn.Fulle r@rit.edu

MicroE webpage: http://www.microe.rit.edu

Rochester Institute of Technology

Microelectronic Engineering 10-28-11 BluetoothBasics.ppt

© October 28, 2011 Dr. Lynn Fuller, Professor Page 1

 Bluetooth Basics

OUTLINE

Introduction
Definitions
Bluetooth Versions
Wireless Class
Code
Arduino-Bluetooth
BlueGiga Transceiver Used On Arduino
BlueGiga Hardware
Homework Questions

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 Bluetooth Basics

BLUETOOTH INTRODUCTION

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for

exchanging data over short distances (using short wavelength radio
transmissions in the ISM band from 2400-2480 MHz) from fixed and
mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high
levels of security. Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was
originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It
can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
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 Bluetooth Basics

DEFINITIONS

Arduino – refers to a project that provides open source hardware

and software to learn by doing projects with micro controllers.
Arduino-BT – one of the several Arduino hardware platforms
available containing a micro controller, power regulator,
Blue Tooth Transceiver, interconnect pins, sockets, crystal,
LEDs and other components.
Shield – an add on hardware board that plugs into the Arduino micro
controller platform and provides additional capabilities such as
analog signal processing, WiFi, etc.
Processing – a “C” based software programming tool to create
graphical output and communicate with hardware platforms
such as the Arduino Uno.
Sketch – name for the “C” programs used by “Processing” and by
“Arduino” software to make the hardware do something and
to process the results.
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 Bluetooth Basics

WIRELESS MICROSYSTEMS

Capacitor Sensor
Bluetooth
Transceiver

2.5” x 3” BT-Arduino

Wireless Platform
Breadboard

5” x 8” Breadboard

2mm x 3mm
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1” x 1” PCB Custom CMOS & MEMS
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 Bluetooth Basics

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth V2.0 and V2.1 Rate ~3Mbit/s

Bluetooth V3.0 Rate ~24Mbit/s
Bluetooth V4.0 Rate ~24Mbit/s + Low Energy
Hardware to transmit and receive radio signals
Transceivers, Dongles both with antennas

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 Bluetooth Basics

BLUETOOTH POWER CLASSES

The following table compares the available Bluetooth power classes:

Maximum Power Operating Range
Class 1 100mW (20dBm) 100 meters
Class 2 2.5mW (4dBm) 10 meters
Class 3 1mW (0dBm) 1 meter

The actual range for each power class may vary depending upon
environmental factors where the Bluetooth device is used.
•If you wish to communicate over the 100m range, you will need a
class 1 Bluetooth device at both ends.
•If you wish to communicate over the 10m range, you can have a
class 1 or class 2 device at both ends.

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 Bluetooth Basics

PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS (PAN)

At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and
one other device (except for the little-used broadcast mode). The
master chooses which slave device to address; typically, it switches
rapidly from one device to another in a round-robin fashion. Since
it is the master that chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave
is (in theory) supposed to listen in each receive slot, being a master
is a lighter burden than being a slave. Being a master of seven
slaves is possible; being a slave of more than one master is difficult.
The specification is vague as to required behavior in scatter nets.

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 Bluetooth Basics

MICROSYSTEM

Our definition for Microsystems is the integration of MEMS sensors

and actuators with CMOS electronics to provide solutions for a wide
variety of applications including automotive, military, aerospace,
consumer and biomedical.

Battery
Power USB Power
Management
Conditioning

Energy Harvester
MEMS other
Signal

Communication
. .
. µP . USB, WiFi
. .
. . CAN (other)
Wireless

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 Bluetooth Basics

ARDUINO BLUETOOTH

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (limits) 1.2-5.5V
Digital I/O Pins 14
(of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328)
of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
BT-Arduino Development Board SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
2” x 2 ¾” EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
~$100 Clock Speed 16 MHz
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 Bluetooth Basics

BLUEGIGA WT11 MODULE USED WITH ARDUINO

Used on ArduinoBT
Development Board
Arduino Bootloader (reconfigurable)
Baud Rate Set at 115200
Device Name Set to: ARDUINOBT
Access Code Set to: 12345

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 Bluetooth Basics

OTHER BLUEGIGA HARDWARE

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 Bluetooth Basics

SETTING UP BLUETOOTH ARDUINO

Blink Program Test
Install BT adapter
*DO NOT install the software with the adapter, it will keep on scanning the ports and slow down the
reaction of Arduino. Let the Windows native driver work and ignore the other failed installation service, because
only the serial communication is necessary.
Find Bluetooth device
*Turn on the board, then right click on the Bluetooth icon appear on the bottom right corner>Add a
device>choose ARDUINOBT and input the pass code 12345>pair success
Check the automatic port setting
*Right click on the Bluetooth icon appears on the bottom right corner>Open Settings>COM Ports
Set the port number and restart PC
*Right click on Computer icon>Manage>Device Manager>Ports(COM & LPT)>right click on the
port(Standard Serial over BT link(COM#))>Properties>Port Settings>Bits per second=115200 and
Advanced>COM Port Number
*Choose a low port number that has not been used by other devices
Choose the correct board at Arduino IDE
*Tools>Board>Arduino BT w/ATmega328
Choose the correct serial port. Only both outgoing and incoming ports show up in the menu, the board can work
and respond correctly.
*Tools>Serial Port>choose the outgoing port you set
Connect the LED between pin 13 and GND
Upload the blink Rochester
program Institute of Technology
*TypeMicroelectronic
in the code>Compile>Upload
Engineering (press the reset button after binary sketch size showing up)
Blink!!
© October 28, 2011 Dr. Lynn Fuller, Professor Page 13
 Bluetooth Basics

MONITORING MORE THAN ONE DEVICE

/* Arduino BT Configuration File Feb 05 2007

* Upload and run this file <<once>> to configure the name or other variables of your
BT module.
* Don't forget to reset your module so that the new commands are executed.
* Massimo Banzi
*/
int LED = 13; // select the pin for the LED
int RESET = 7; // BT module uses pin 7 for reset

void setup() {
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT); // declare the LED and BT RESET pins as output
pinMode(RESET,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);// connect to the serial port

digitalWrite(RESET, HIGH);
delay(10);
digitalWrite(RESET, LOW);
delay(2000);

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 Bluetooth Basics

CHANGING DEVICE NAME AND AUTHORIZATION CODE

// the following "SET BT" commands are one-time commands

// that only need to be uploaded to your BT module and run
// when you want to change the BlueGiga's configuration.
// ok. First, the easy to change configuration commands:

Serial.println("SET BT NAME ChenArduino");

// you can change the name of your module here.
// No spaces allowed in the name; names can be up to 256 charcters.
// Serial.println("SET BT NAME KarlMarx"); // example

Serial.println("SET BT AUTH * 123123");

// 12345 == 0 to 16 digit Bluetooth passkey/PIN code
// Serial.println("SET BT AUTH * 987654321"); // example
}

void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
Serial.println("goodjob!");
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delay(1000);
Microelectronic Engineering
}
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 Bluetooth Basics

BATTERIES

Arduino-BT running blink and serial port write

every second uses 20 mA at 3volts or 60 mW

AA Battery Stores ~2000 mAh of Charge Q

Time = Q / I = 2000 / 20 = 100 hours

CR2032 Battery Stores ~200 mAh of Charge Q

Time = 200/20 = 10 hours

1 month is 720 hours

Current = Q / time
I = 2.8 mA

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 Bluetooth Basics

BATTERIES

Batteries in series doubles the voltage but maintains the same capacity
Batteries in parallel doubles the capacity but maintains the same
voltage

Four AA connected batteries as shown give 4000mAh at 2.4V

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2000 mAh, at 1.2V

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 Bluetooth Basics

REFERENCES

1. Spark Fun Products, http://sparkfun.com

2. Arduino Home Page, www.arduino.cc
3. Processing Home Page, http://processing.org
4. www.bluetooth.com
5. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
6. Bluetooth BTD211 Micro USB 2.1 Adapter, BlueSoleil software
supportfrom Azio Corporation, www.aziocorp.com
7. BlueGiga Company http://www.bluegiga.com

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 Bluetooth Basics

HOMEWORK – BLUETOOTH BASICS

1. None
2. None

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