RESEARCH AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (RPMU)

EBMV3103
AIR CONDITIONING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS
LABORATORY MANUAL

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Program : Bachelor of Science in Project and Facility Management

Course : Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation Systems
Code : EBMV3103
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LAB SHEET NO: 1

HEATING VENTILATION AND COOLING LABORATORY SHEET (HVAC)

TITLE :Analysis Of Air-conditioning Processes

1. INTRODUCTION

Air-conditioning is a process of treating air for the comfort requirements of the occupants in
the conditioned space. The properties of air can be modified by undergoing certain
thermodynamic processes. The most basic of processes involved in an air-conditioning
system are simple heating, steam humidification, simple cooling and dehumidification.

2. OBJECTIVE

To observe and understand the changes in air properties as it is treated in a basic air-
conditioning unit.

3. EQUIPMENT

Computer Linked Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit ( P.A. Hilton )

4. EXPERIMENTAL

Start the unit by having the suction fan running and the screen displaying the master Menu.
Programme 1 shows the process data displayed on a schematic layout of the system.
Programme 2 displays the properties of the treated air on the psychrometric chart.

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 a) No Process – print the data and psychrometric chart to read the initial properties of
the air as it enters the air-conditioning unit.
b) Sensible Heating –
I. Switch on 1 kW pre-heater and allow 5 minute. Print thedata and
psychrometric chart.
II. Then, switch on the 0.5 kW re-heater and allow 5 minute. Print the data and
psychrometric chart.
III. For this process, calculate the temperature rise of the air at the exit.

c) Steam Humidification – Switch all water heaters to boil the water. When steam is
produced, switch only 3 kW of heat to maintain the steam and allow 5 minute. Print
the data and psychrometric chart. Then, calculate the amount of steam introduced,
the change in relative humidity, and the corresponding rise of temperature.

d) Cooling and Dehumidification – Switch on the compressor of the refrigeration system.

Cool the air until 18°C to 20°C (stable temperature), when temperature stable allow 5
minute. Then print the data and psychrometric chart. Calculate the heat rate and
amount of moisture removed from the air. During experiment, measure the time and
the rate of condensation (100ml) from the beginning of the cooling process (stable
temperature). Compare with analysis.

5. DISCUSSION

a) Answer all the problems in the experimental, and discuss the results obtained by
explaining the factors that contributes to the air property changes for each process
problems.

b) Find the schematic of a modem air-conditioning system with advanced air treatment
processes and explain the function of the main devices.

c) Explain with suitable diagrams the operation and arrangements in an automotive air-
conditioning unit.

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6. RESULT

Experiment
Sensible Steam Cooling and
No Process
Heating Humidification Dehumidification
Reading

T1 ( TA d )

T2 ( TA w )

T3 ( TB d )

T4 ( TB w )

T5 ( TC d )

T6 ( TC w )

T7 ( TD d )

T8 ( TD w )

T9 ( T 1 ) X X X

T10 ( T 2 ) X X X

T11 ( T 3 ) X X X

T12 ( T 4 ) X X X

Qp X X X

Qr X X X

Qb X X X

Pevap ( P 1 ) X X X

Pcond ( P 3 ) X X X

ma

mr X X X

Time X X X

X X X 100 ml
Drain Water (ml)

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________________________________________________________________________

Program : Bachelor of Science in Project and Facility management

Course : Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation Syistems
Code : EBMV3103
________________________________________________________________________

LAB SHEET NO: 2

HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING LABORATORY SHEET (HVAC)

TITLE: Variation in Refrigeration Coefficient Of Performance At Various Operating

Conditions.

1. INTRODUCTION

Refrigeration is used widely in various applications from industrial to domestic situations,

mainly for the storage and transport of perishable foodstuffs and chemical substances. It has
the prime function to remove heat from a low temperature region, and it can also be applied
as a heat pump for supplying heat to a region of high temperature.

2. OBJECTIVE

To investigate the variation of Coefficient of Performance (COPR) of a vapor compression

refrigeration system at different cooling load.

3. THEORY

A refrigeration cycle works to lower and maintain the temperature of a controlled space by
heat transfer from a low to a high temperature region.

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 High Temperature Reservoir, TH

QH

. E Wnet

QL
Low Temperature Reservoir, TL

Refrigeration duty is another term for the cooling effect of the refrigeration system, which is
the rate of heat being removed from the low temperature region with specified evaporation
and condensation temperatures. The unit for “duty” measurements is in Watts (for 1 ton of
refrigeration = 3517W).

3.1 The Vapor Compression Cycle

Ideal refrigeration systems follows the theoretical Reversed Carnot Cycle process. In
practical refrigerators, compression and expansion of a gas and vapor mixture
presents practical problems in the compressor and expander. Therefore, in practical
refrigeration, compression usually takes place in the superheated condition and a
throttling process is substituted for the isentropic expansion.

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Thecycle :
1–2 Condensation of the high pressure vapour during which heat is transferred to
the high temperature region.
2–3 Adiabatic throttling of the condensed vapour from the condensing to the
evaporating pressure.
3–4 Evaporation of the low pressure liquid during which heat is absorbed from the
low temperature source.
4–1 Isentropic compression of the vapour, from the evaporating to the condensing
pressures.

Energy Transfers Analysis

Compressor
q4-1= h4 – h1 + w4-1

If compression is adiabatic, q4-1= 0, and w4-1= h1 – h4 = wcomp

Power requirement, P =ṁ (h1 – h4),where ṁ is the flow rate of working fluid per unit
time.
Condenser
q1-2= h2 – h1 + w

w = 0, therefore q1-2= h2– h1 and rate of heat rejection Q1-2= ṁ( h2 – h1 )

Expansion Valve
q2-3 = h3– h2 + w

w = 0, therefore q2-3 = h2 – h3 and process is assumed adiabatic (q = 0)

thereforeh2 = h3
Evaporator
q3–4 = h4 – h3 + w

w = 0 therefore q3–4= h4 – h3and rate of heat absorbed Q3–4 = ṁ ( h4 – h3 )

Coefficient of Perfomance, COPref:

q3−4 h − h3
COPref = = 4
w h1 − h4

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5. EQUIPMENT

TH Series Computer Linked Refrigeration Unit (Edibon).

6. PROCEDURES

6a) Condenser-water and evaporator-air

a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-5.Then click
“START”
b. Adjust the water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and adjust the air flow of the
evaporator until 50% of the maximal flow (evaporator load).
c. Then click “COMPRESSOR”
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING”
e. Set the sampling rate at 180 second per sample.
f. Record the data for 15 minutes (5 samples @ 900 second). “STOP SAVING”
g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).

6b) Condenser-air and evaporator-air

a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-6. Then click
“START”
b. Adjust the air flow of the condenser to maximum flow (100%) and 50% of the
maximal flow at the evaporator (evaporator load).
c. Then click “COMPRESSOR”
d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING”
e. Set the sampling rate at 180 second per sample.
f. Record the data for 15 minutes (3 samples @ 900 second). “STOP SAVING”
g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).

7. DATA AND RESULTS

7.1 By using data obtained from the experiments, show sample calculations of the
parameters below and complete the results summary table.
(a) Refrigerant mass flow rate (kg/s),

(b) Evaporator cooling load ,Qevap

(c) Coefficient of performance, COPref

(d) Average COPref

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 SW-1
(W)
SC-1
(L/h)
SP-2
(bar)
SP-1
(bar)
ST-4
( C)
o
ST-3
( C)

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o
ST-2
( C)
o

Time (s)
180

360

540

720

900

180

360

540

720

900

180

360

540

720

900

180

360

540

720

900
Evaporator
Fan power at evap. = 50% Fan power at evap. = 100% Fan power at evap. = 50% Fan power at evap. = 100%
heat load
Data Summary table

Condenser
SC-2 = 5 L/m Fan power at condenser = 100%
cooling load
Working fluid Cond - Water Evap - Air Cond - Air Evap - Air
Exp #

b
Results Summary table

Qevap (kW) COP =

Time (s)
Exp # Vref v2 (table) mref (kg/s)
3 3 h3 (kJ/kg) h4 (kJ/kg) = mref (h4 - Qevap/ (SW-
(m /s) (m /kg) = Vref/v2
h3) 1/1000)

180

360

540

720

900

Average COP
a
180

360

540

720

900

Average COP

180

360

540

720

900

Average COP
b
180

360

540

720

900

Average COP

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8. DISCUSSIONS

a. What is the effect on the COPref as the load is increased? Why?

b. What is the effect of cooling medium on the average refrigeration COP? Why?

c. What do you understand by the term load? Give examples of actual loads in
refrigeration practice in a domestic fridge, in a room, and in a factory.

d. Conclusion of the experiment.

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