Name: Kahly Paul

Subject: Food Nutrition and Health

Territory: Grand Roy, St. John, Grenada.
School: Presentation Brothers College
School code: 080009
 INTRODUCTION
What is Home Economics?
 The study of the home and the family which aimed at bettering or improving quality of
life.
 Its main focus is to help individuals develop attitudes skills and knowledge that will
allow them to make valuable contribution to their families, communities and workplace.

what you expected to learn in Food Nutrition and Health?

I am expected to learn many things from this subject to help me during my life to be a better and
healthier person. Some of the things I’m expected to learn are the food I eat and how the body
utilizes it, how to construct a healthful menu and an understanding of why some diets are good
and the nutrients I get from it and how it benefits me.
 Materials Used to Make Utensils
Names:

 Stainless steel
 Aluminum
 Cast Iron
 Teflon
 Plastic and Hard rubber
 Wood
 Glass

Characteristics:

Stainless steel:
 Corrosive resistance
 Higher heat rate
 Lower maintenance
 High ductility
 Higher cryogenic toughness
 Cannot be hardened by heat treatment
Aluminum:
 Zero toxicity
 Non-magnetic material
 Corrosive resistance
 High strength
 Low weight
 Electrical conductor

Cast iron:
 Brittle in tension
 Wear resistance
 Resistance to deformation
 Less tensile
  Lesser ductility
 Shock resistance

Teflon:
 White
 Solid at room temperature
 High strength
 Self-lubricant at low temperature
 Good flexibility
 Heat resistance

Plastic or Hard rubber:

 Resistance to corrosive
 Strength to weight ratio
 Resistance to shock
 Tensile strength
 Tear resistance
 Hardness
Glass:
 Transparency
 Heat resistance
 Chemical resistance
 Durable
 Static
 Breakable
Wood:
 Light in weight
 Flexible
 Durable
 Tough
 Hard
 Stiff
Examples:
Stainless steel:

 Egg -Wisk
 Saucepan
Aluminum:

 Pots
 Pans
Cast iron:

 Frying pan
 Meat tenderizer
Teflon:

 Non-stick pans and pots

Plastic or hard rubber:

 Bowl spatula
 Rollin pin
Glass:

 Mixing bowl
 Measuring cup
Wood:

 Cutting board
 Wooden spoon
 Utensils
to whip eggs or cream or add air to a batter. Not used with thick
mixtures. Wire Wisk

Used for mixing, folding soft ingredients and to remove ingredients from a
bowl or plate. Rubber spatula

Used to shape and flatten dough. Rollin pin

Used to strain liquids away from solid ingredients or to separate and aerate
dry ingredients like flour and powdered sugar. Strainer

All purpose large knife used to slice, mince, chop, cube and dice.
Chef Knife
 Used for separating solid materials from liquids and washing veg. and fruits.
Colander

Used to shred or grate foods like potatoes, cabbage, cheese or if the

surface is fine, to zest lemons or ginger. Grater

A bowl that is particularly well suited for mixing ingredients

together in. Mixing board

Used to remove the outer skin or peel of certain vegetables, often potatoes
and carrots, and fruits such as apples, pears, etc. Peeler
 Used typically for adding sugar to and stirring hot drinks or for eating some
soft foods. Teaspoon

A tablespoon is a large spoon used for serving or eating.

uses, including preparation processes such as boiling water, for making

sauces and soups, or for braising foods. Saucepan

Pan used for frying, searing, and browning foods.

A Spatula is a hand-held tool that is used for lifting, flipping, or

spreading.
 Juicer a kitchen tool that extracts juice from citrus fruits and vegetables by
shredding the flesh of the food item.

Salt shaker are condiment dispensers used in Western culture that are designed
to allow diners to distribute grains of edible salt and ground peppercorns.

Hand mixer used to beat eggs and cream, the single dough hook can be used
for mixing dough and wired beater can be used to aerate a mixture.

Colling/Baking racks is used to allow air to circulate freely to cool baked

goods, and to prevent them getting soggy from condensation.

A wooden spoon is a spoon that is used for stirring sauces and for mixing
ingredients in cooking.
 Cookie cutter is a tool to cut out cookie/biscuit dough in a particular shape.

This Baking spatula is used for frosting cakes and to spread toppings or
mixture.

Potato masher is a food preparation utensil used to crush cooked food.

is a food preparation utensil used to crush cooked food, used for

skimming cooking liquids or lifting ripened cream from milk. Skimmer
 Equipment

Toaster Oven
How the oven toaster works?
A toaster oven works by the user setting the dial or thermostat on the oven to a desired
temperature. The electrical system in the toaster prepares the process of heating the coils that are
located on the bottom and back of a toaster oven and this initiates the heating process. Once
turned on, the coils begin to glow in a reddish glow, producing infrared radiation or heat. The
radiation is what actually heats and cooks the food in the toaster giving it warmth and sometimes
crunch to the bite. The coil can be reflected by a nirchrime wire that also radiates heat in
locations in which the coils cannot directly face toward. Toaster ovens also offer convention
methods similar to that of a large stove or oven. The coils then heat up and hot air is circulated
throughout the oven causing the food to cook thoroughly and evenly. When the food is finished
cooking, a small buzzer alerts the user.
Types /special features
 Standard Toaster Oven
 Convection Toaster Ovens
 Infrared Toaster Ovens
 Rotisserie Toaster Ovens
 Combination Toaster Ovens
How to care a toaster oven?
To clean the inside of a toaster oven, unplug it and let it cool. Remove the racks and trays
(including the crumb tray) and wash in warm soapy water. Sponge off the interior with a
nonabrasive cleaner. If one or more of the heating elements stops working, you should be able to
get replacements. Call the manufacturer for the nearest service store.
 Microwave oven
How the microwave oven works?
Microwave ovens are so quick and efficient because they channel heat energy directly to the
molecules (tiny particles) inside food. Microwaves heat food like the sun heats your face—by
radiation.
Types /special features
 Solo microwave oven
Best for Reheat, simple cooking

 Grill microwave oven

Best for Reheat and Grill

 Convection microwave oven

Best for Reheat, Grill and Bake

How to care for a microwave?

Unplug the oven, then clean the inside with warm water or a solution of dish detergent and water. Use a
damp sponge to clean up spills as soon as possible. Do not use abrasive cleaners or oven cleaners on a
microwave oven.

Rice/Slow cooker
How rice cooker works?
A slow cooker creates heat toward the base, which transfers up the sides of the vessel to heat the food
within. In addition, setting the temperature for both cooking methods is very similar. Instead of cooking
something at a specific temperature on the stovetop, you set the temperature to low or high. Your slow
cooker works in the same manner.
How to care for a rice/slow cooker?
1. Fill it with water and soap and turn it on low for an hour. This will help loosen whatever food has been
cooked onto it.
2. If there are still some spots baked on, scrub it with baking soda. Baking soda is amazing in the kitchen.
3. When the slow cooker needs some serious TLC, fill it with water, add vinegar and baking soda
(slowly). Then turn it on for an hour and let it do its thing.
4. If you’ve really made a mess of the slow cooker, let it cook with the above ingredients for a few more
hours, scrubbing every hour or so with a kitchen brush. This will get rid of any and all residue on even the
oldest of slow cookers.
5. When the inside part of the slow cooker is gross, use ammonia and give it time to rest to help it easily
wipe off.

Cake mixer

How a cake mixer works?

A mixer is a kitchen utensil which uses a gear-driven mechanism to rotate a set of beaters in a
bowl containing the food to be prepared. It automates the repetitive tasks of stirring, whisking or
beating. When the beaters are replaced by a dough hook, a mixer may also be used to knead.
Types /Special features

 Light duty mixer: The light duty mixer is best suited for establishments that only need a
mixer for occasional or infrequent use.
 Standard duty mixer: The standard duty mixer is ideal for a catering business, restaurant, or
cafe that makes batter and dough in house.
 Heavy duty mixer: The heavy duty mixer features a more durable construction suited for
applications where thick, heavy dough is constantly being mixed. For example, this is the
perfect mixer for pizzerias consistently making large batches of pizza dough. These types
of dough mixers also have deluxe accessory packages to give you more options out of the
box.
How to care for a cake mixer?
Remove mixing blades, kneading paddles and other attachments.
Wash the attachments in hot, soapy water. Rinse with clean water. Washing these items before
food has a chance to harden makes it much easier to clean them.
Remove the mixing bowl.
For stand mixers, rinse out the mixing bowl and place it on the top rack of your dishwasher, or
wash the mixing bowl by hand.
Clean the surface of the electric mixer.
After unplugging the mixer, use a damp washcloth or sponge dipped in soapy water to wipe
down the body of the mixer. Make sure to wring out the washcloth or sponge thoroughly before
wiping the mixer to avoid getting water into the mixer’s motor.
Turn over the mixer and clean underneath the base and below the mixing arm.
Scrub the attachment ports, making sure to look for food trapped just inside the ports. Clean
around the mixer’s buttons. If tiny bits of food have accumulated there, use a toothpick to
remove them.
Dry the attachments immediately after washing if you are washing them by hand.
Place attachments in a drawer or cabinet to avoid losing any crucial components. Put the hand
mixer or the stand mixer and bowl in a safe place until you are ready to use them again.

Food processor
How a food processor works?
The motor is the heaviest component of a food processor and its heavy weight keeps the
processor stable while the motor is running so that it does not jump around the kitchen counter or
you. Usually, when the motor spins at high speeds, finer grinding is achieved. To control the
speed of the motor, there are switch controls. Using these switch controls allows time for food to
fall back down off the sides thereby allowing for more even consistency of what you are
grinding, chopping or slicing. On the other hand, the motors also have trip switches that stops the
processor from starting if the lid and bowl are not properly seated. The motor normally turns a
vertical shaft that turns to puree, chop or blend food. The cutting blades are attached to the motor
shaft while the bowl fits around the shaft.
Types/special features
 Buffalo choppers
 Continuous Feed
 Batch Bowl
 Food processors normally have multiple functions, depending on the placement and type
of attachment or blade. These functions normally include: Slicing/chopping vegetables.
Grinding items such as nuts, seeds (e.g. spices), meat, or dried fruit.
How to care for a food processor?
To run smoothly, food processors must be cleaned after each use. Always unplug the unit for
cleaning. Wipe all the parts, especially the spindle and blades. Caked food in the shaft of the
blade or on the spindle can cause the blades to shimmy, damaging them or the gear assembly. If
the blades vibrate and don't cut properly, shut off the machine immediately and unplug it.
Remove any food caught under the blades, inside the blade shaft or on the spindle. Use a nylon
scrub pad to scrub off hardened debris.

Blender
How a blender works?
You push a button to start the blender, and the motor begins to turn the blades. The circular
whirring motion creates a vortex or a spiral movement in the fluid. In the blender, the fluid
includes both liquid ingredients and air. The vortex causes a vacuum at the centre of the jar,
which pulls the strawberry toward the middle, much as a tornado does. As the strawberry
combines with the other ingredients and begins to liquefy, the liquid follows the blade in a
whirling motion around the container, forming a well near its centre. The well in the centre of a
blender's vortex is shallow, so it displaces the contents as they're drawn toward the axis at the
centre of the blade.
Types/special features
 Small Personal Blenders
 Cocktail resp. Margarita Blenders
 Smoothie Blenders
 Commercial Heavy Duty Jug Blenders
How to care for a blender?
When cleaning or maintaining, unplug appliance and ensure main switch is “off”. After each use,
rinse jar thoroughly with warm water. Add one or two drops of dish soap in jar and fill it halfway
with warm water. Secure the lid and run blender for about 30 seconds or until clean. Rinse
thoroughly and let jar dry. Ensure jar base is always dry before placing onto blender base. Clean
the blender body and the cover with a sponge, cloth or wet wipes. Clean the rotary shaft and the
motor with a dry rag. If required, use a clean cloth with a mild-ph detergent to clean. Do not
place jar in the dishwasher as it may damage the jar. This will also void the warranty. Ensure that
the jar’s blade set (cutting unit) is always tight and secure. Ensure that driver socket (black knob)
is always tight and secure on blender base. Use a Philips screw-driver to secure it; clockwise to
tighten and anti-clockwise to loosen.

Refrigerator
How a refrigerator works?
The compressor constricts the refrigerant vapor, raising its pressure, and pushes it into the coils
on the outside of the refrigerator. When the hot gas in the coils meets the cooler air temperature
of the kitchen, it becomes a liquid. Now in liquid form at high pressure, the refrigerant cools
down as it flows into the coils inside the freezer and the fridge. The refrigerant absorbs the heat
inside the fridge, cooling down the air. Last, the refrigerant evaporates to a gas, then flows back
to the compressor, where the cycle starts all over.
Types/special features
 Compact
 Built-in
 Side-by-side
 Bottom freezer
 Top freezer
How to care for refrigerator?
Clean off the condenser coils twice per year. Clean and replace the gasket (rubber door seal) as
needed. Defrost. Clean the interior Weekly. Deodorize. Replace the ice maker or water dispenser
water filter.
 Sink
How a sink drain works?
A sink drains by way of several components. Kitchen sinks have a strainer fitted into a strainer
body that’s inserted down through the sink hole and sealed to the sink with a bead of plumber’s
putty. Beneath the sink, the strainer body connects to the drain’s tailpiece and the rest of the
drain plumbing. A garbage disposal, if there is one, mounts directly to a special strainer body.
Types /special features
 Under mount
 Flush Mount
 Farmhouse
 Self-Rimming
 Quartz
 Prep Sink
 Island
How to care for a sink?
Clean everyday by thoroughly rinsing with a mild soap, warm water and wipe dry.
Rub lightly with a soft cloth in the direction of grain lines on a regular basis for additional
preventive cleaning.
Keep the sink free of any standing water as this can cause a buildup of mineral deposit, which
can affect the appearance of your sink.
Any stubborn stains should be removed by scrubbing in the direction of the grain with a mild
abrasive such as Comet. Always rinse the sink after using any cleaning agent and wipe dry.
Clean any mineral deposits built up over time with a mild solution of vinegar and water
followed by a thorough flushing with water.
Remove any scratches with a Scotch-Brite pad and cleaning agent rubbing in the direction of the
grain. NOT RECOMMENDED FOR MIRROR FINISH.