Storing vital

products
with care

ANNUAL REPORT 2017

 Introduction
Storing vital products with care
In our everyday life, we all use many different vital products.
Products that we consider natural to have or normal to use.

Executive Board report
Energy, such as oil and gas that allows us to cook, heat our
homes and travel the world. Chemicals for the manufacturing
industry to use in a wide range of products and edible oils
to support the growing demand for food and agriculture.
We take pride in storing these vital products with care.

Storing vital products

paint on

with care
your walls

Key developments
cosmetics chemicals to

per division
insulate your
house

gas to cook

Sustainability
polymers in
your dinner
your clothes

edible oils
Governance, risk
and compliance
in your food chemicals
in your mobile
coating on
your furniture
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Contents

Executive Board report
Introduction Vopak at a glance 4

3 Key figures
CEO statement
5
6
Profile, mission and strategy 8

Executive Board Executive Board members 15

report
14 Report of the Executive Board 16

Storing vital products

Business environment 20
Financial performance 23

with care
Storing vital Leading assets in leading locations 29
products
with care
28 Operational leadership
Service leadership
34
40
Technology leadership 42
People leadership 44

Key developments
Key Overview49

per division
developments
per division
48 Netherlands50
Europe, Middle East & Africa 52
Asia54
Americas56
LNG58

Sustainability Sustainability performance 62

61 Business to society 63

Sustainability
Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment 64
Basis of preparation 68
Social (People) 73
Environmental (Planet) 80
Financial and governance (Profit) 89

Governance, Supervisory Board members 98

risk and
compliance
97 Supervisory Board report
Remuneration report
99
104

Governance, risk
and compliance
Corporate governance 109
Corporate Governance Statement 114
Risk management and internal control 117
Shareholder information 130

Financial Consolidated Financial Statements 136

Statements 134 Company Financial Statements
Executive Board declaration
214
221
Financial Statements

External auditor’s reports 222

Additional Non-IFRS proportionate financial information 230

information 229 Profit Appropriation
Stichting Vopak
232
233
Principal company officers at 15 February 2018  234
Five-year consolidated summary 236
Glossary237
Contact us 242
Additional information
 Introduction
Storing vital products
with care

Executive Board report
We ensure safe, efficient and clean storage and handling of products that are
needed to meet the basic needs of people. This is what our stakeholders expect
from us. This is what they value us for. We store vital products with care.

Storing vital products

with care
Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
Introduction

Profile, mission and strategy

Vopak at a glance

CEO statement
Key figures
4 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Vopak at a glance

Executive Board report
At year-end 2017

Number of terminals Number of countries Storage capacity

66 25
In million cbm

Storing vital products

35.9

with care
35.9 34.7

2017 2016

Key developments
per division
Market capitalization Number of employees Total Injury Rate (TIR)
In EUR billions In FTE In 200,000 hours worked

4.7 5,730
own personnel and contractors

0.38 0.38

Sustainability
0.29

84% 16%
2017 2016

FY 2017 FY 2017 FY 2017

Governance, risk
and compliance
Revenues in EUR millions EBITDA in EUR millions CFROGA
-excluding exceptional items- -excluding exceptional items-

1,306
Compared to 2016
763
Compared to 2016
9.5%
Compared to 2016

-3% -7% -1.0pp

Financial Statements
Additional information
5 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Key figures

Executive Board report
2017 2016
Safety performance
Total Injury Rate (TIR) per 200,000 hours worked for own personnel and contractors 0.38 0.29
Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR) per 200,000 hours worked for own personnel and contractors 0.14 0.13
Process Safety Events Rate (PSER) per 200,000 hours worked for own personnel and contractors 0.26 0.23

Financial results (in EUR millions)

Revenues 1,305.9 1,346.9

Storing vital products

Group operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) 695.3 1,023.2
Group operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) -excluding exceptional items- 763.2 822.3

with care
Group operating profit (EBIT) 422.5 759.3
Group operating profit (EBIT) -excluding exceptional items- 490.4 558.4
Net profit attributable to holders of ordinary shares 235.4 534.0
Net profit attributable to holders of ordinary shares -excluding exceptional items- 287.4 326.1
Cash flows from operating activities (gross) 713.8 783.2

Capital employed (in EUR millions)

Total investments 448.5 442.4
Average gross assets 7,018.0 6,796.5

Key developments
Average capital employed 4,101.7 4,057.9

per division
Capital and financing (in EUR millions)
Equity attributable to owners of parent 2,480.0 2,399.7
Net interest-bearing debt 1,533.9 1,804.2

Ratios (excluding exceptional items)

EBITDA margin excluding result of joint ventures and associates 49.1% 51.3%
Cash Flow Return On Gross Assets (CFROGA) -before interest, after tax- 9.5% 10.5%
Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) 12.0% 13.6%
Return On Equity (ROE) 11.8% 14.8%

Sustainability
Senior net debt : EBITDA 2.02 2.04
Interest cover (EBITDA : net finance costs) 6.4 7.6

Key figures per ordinary share (in EUR)

Basic earnings 1.85 4.19
Basic earnings -excluding exceptional items- 2.25 2.56
Diluted earnings 1.84 4.18
Diluted earnings -excluding exceptional items- 2.25 2.55
(Proposed) dividend 1.05 1.05

Governance, risk
and compliance
Company data
Number of employees end of period subsidiaries (in FTE) 3,639 3,580
Number of employees end of period joint ventures and associates (in FTE) 2,091 2,092
Total number of employees end of period (in FTE) 5,730 5,672
Storage capacity end of period for subsidiaries (in million cbm) 19.6 19.7
Storage capacity end of period for joint ventures and associates (in million cbm) 12.5 12.2
Storage capacity end of period operatorships (in million cbm) 3.8 2.8
Occupancy rate subsidiaries (average rented storage capacity) 90% 93%
Financial Statements

Contracts > 3 years (as a percentage of revenues) 44% 45%

Contracts > 1 year (as a percentage of revenues) 79% 77%

Information on a proportionate basis

Group operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) -excluding exceptional items- 852.6 916.9
Cash Flow Return On Gross Assets (CFROGA) -before interest, after tax- 9.1% 10.2%
Occupancy rate subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates 90% 94%

Number of shares outstanding

Basic weighted average 127,541,590 127,498,822
Additional information

Weigthed average including dilutive effect 127,686,590 127,715,702

Total including treasury shares end of period 127,835,430 127,835,430
Treasury shares end of period 190,000 370,000
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
On the right
6 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  CEO statement

course

Chairman of the ­Executive Board

and CEO of Royal Vopak
Eelco Hoekstra
7 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
CEO statement

Executive Board report
During the last few years, the Executive Board has felt inspired and yet somewhat uneasy
when considering the major disruptions of our time. We were searching for answers to
questions like: what does the digital transformation mean for our company, and how should
we respond to the energy transition? Today, I firmly believe that we have set our company
on the right course to continue creating long-term value for all our stakeholders.

We have taken strategic decisions regarding technology products with care. We will step up discipline at

Storing vital products

in the past and we are making substantial investments all levels in the organization to ensure that every
to deliver the full benefits of the digital transformation in person at our terminals returns home safely after

with care
future years to our customers and shareholders. We are each workday.
developing our own software for core processes, merging
operational technology with information technology, Vopak will work on further reducing the negative impact
and equipping our operators and sales teams with new of our operations on neighboring communities and
devices and newly designed interfaces in order to further the ­environment. We will define targets for delivering
improve our service to customers and to make Vopak on the UN Sustainable Developments Goals that we
future proof for the new era. selected, and we are actively considering the final

Key developments
recommendations of the Task-force on Climate-related

per division
Financial Disclosures.
“The question today is no longer if
a global energy transition is taking Despite challenging market conditions, particularly in the
place, but how and how fast.” oil markets, and following a strong performance in 2016,
we had a satisfactory performance in 2017. We aim
The successful implementation of our in-house to identify and seize growth opportunities swiftly,
developed Terminal Management System at our terminal ensure timely completion of projects under development
in Savannah (United States) has enabled us to take the and step up the global roll-out of our new digital systems.
next step in the global roll-out of our new digital systems. These steps will improve our financial performance by 2019.

Sustainability
Working with real-time data results in safer and more
efficient operations, while the ensuing transparency Our projects under development will add 3.1 million cbm
increases the level of trust with our customers. I strongly of storage capacity to our global network by 2019.
believe that these type of investments will make our We announced new growth projects with a total capacity
company more agile and competitive. of 862,000 cbm in South Africa, Brazil, Canada and
Malaysia in 2017. Vopak’s growth strategy is directed
At the same time, we are embracing the changing towards chemical (industrial) terminals and gas markets,
dynamics of the energy transition. The question today is no while facilitating the increasing demand for fuels in

Governance, risk
longer if a global energy transition is taking place, but how emerging countries. We will continue to explore and find
and compliance
and how fast. As an infrastructure and service provider, new possibilities within the LNG infrastructure market,
we do not drive market choices, but facilitate energy flows. to expand our role as a service provider in the LNG
We help introduce infrastructure and logistic solutions for value chain.
cleaner and efficient fuels. Although we do not know
which energy products and technologies will prevail in In 2018, we will continue our focus on short-term
decades to come, as the global leader in tank storage, improvements that strengthen our ability to create
we want to be at the forefront of key developments. long-term value for all our stakeholders and respond
Our assets, deep knowledge of global supply chains, to the opportunities that are being created by the digital
Financial Statements

and operational expertise in strategic ports around transformation and the energy transition. We are
the world have ideally positioned us to develop key committed to continue storing vital products with care.
infrastructure solutions for the world’s energy systems
of today and tomorrow. On behalf of the Executive Board, I would like to thank our
colleagues and contractors for their commitment and hard
Long-term positioning requires a sound understanding work. I also thank our shareholders, customers, partners
of climate related risks and opportunities for our and local communities for their support and confidence.
operations and what the responsibilities of Vopak
Additional information

should be. We are resolved to improve our Eelco Hoekstra

sustain­ability, including our safety performance, Chairman of the ­Executive Board
which flows from our commitment to store vital and CEO of Royal Vopak
8 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Profile, mission
and strategy

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Storing vital

with care
products
with care

Key developments
A world leader

per division
global trade flows for over 400 years. Looking forward,
we will continue to enable the delivery of vital
Royal Vopak is the world’s leading products by building on our heritage and living the
independent tank storage company. five Vopak Values: Care for Safety, Health and the
Environment, Integrity, Team Spirit, Commitment
We operate a global network of and Agility.
terminals located at strategic locations
along major trade routes. With a history Sustainability at the core

Sustainability
We store and handle products that are crucial to
of over 400 years, and a strong focus on people’s lives, yet of which some can endanger their
sustainability, we ensure safe, efficient health and the environment if stored or handled
and clean storage and handling of bulk inappropriately. This comes with a huge responsibility.
As a service provider, we do not drive market choices,
liquid products and gases for our but facilitate energy flows. Our mission is to connect
customers. the supply of and demand for these products by
providing safe, efficient and clean storage and
handling services for our customers. By fulfilling our

Governance, risk
and compliance
We enable the delivery of vital products ranging from mission with care, we strive to be the partner
oil, chemicals, gases and LNG to biofuels and vegoils. of choice for all our stakeholders, from customers,
Vopak is listed on the Euronext Amsterdam stock business partners and investors, to governments,
exchange and is headquartered in Rotterdam, local communities and society at large.
the Netherlands. Including our joint ventures and
associates, we employ an international workforce Our ambition is to be a strong link in our customers’
of over 5,700 people. value chains and a leader in our industry. We realize
that our long-term success depends on our ability to
Financial Statements

Building on our heritage innovate and adapt to new demands from both the
Vopak’s history dates back to 1616. Our earliest market and society. This is why we proactively
ancestors stored and handled coffee, tea, cocoa, engage with our stakeholders and explore ways to
sugar, silk, spices and other products from all over the facilitate the introduction of more sustainable
world for trading companies such as the Dutch East technologies, processes and products. We believe
India Company, the world’s first multinational that putting sustainability at the core of our decisions
company. Since then, much has changed. Dry bulk and operations will enable us to remain relevant to
gave way to liquid bulk and the company grew, society and to continue to store and handle vital
Additional information

eventually establishing a presence on all the inhabited products for future generations.
continents. Unchanged is that we are still loading and
unloading ships and storing and handling products for
multiple customers. We have thus been connecting
9 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Profile, mission and strategy

Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
66 Terminals 25 Countries 24 Joint ventures and associates

Key developments
per division
Vision and strategy 2 Operational leadership
As the world population is growing and becoming Vopak takes a leading role in operating capabilities
more affluent, vital products like energy, chemicals and sets the standard in the field of safety and
and food are in growing demand. Yet these products sustainability, service and costs. We abide by existing
are not always locally available. We see a growing rules and regulations as a minimum and adopt
geographic imbalance between areas of production best practices whenever possible. We explore ways
and areas of consumption of such products. This to facilitate the introduction of more sustainable
leads to transportation of oil, gas and petrochemicals technologies, processes and products

Sustainability
over longer distances around the world and a growing
demand for storage and handling of bulk liquids and 3 Service leadership
gases at key locations along global marine trade While safety is our first and foremost priority,
routes. Through our global network of terminals, we help to improve our customers’ business
Vopak connects the supply of and demand for these performance by maximizing operational productivity
products and resources. This requires that we and increasing efficiency to keep costs down, for
respond to constantly changing markets and product instance by shortening idle times. High customer
flows as a result of various major developments, such satisfaction indicates that we are on the right track.
as ambitious climate policies, geopolitical shifts and Yet our aim is to perform even better, by continuing

Governance, risk
and compliance
the development of new energy sources and cleaner to listen to our customers and by anticipating their
fuels. Determining the best locations for our future needs
terminals requires a long-term vision on the products
that society needs, while evolving customer 4 Technology leadership
demands  require flexibility and short-term action We innovate in the way we design, construct,
in the day-to-day work at the terminals. In such a maintain and operate our terminals. This includes
dynamic context, our success depends on our ability introducing new technology, in particular digital
to store vital products with care, while showing technology like smart robots and mobile devices,
Financial Statements

leadership in the five key areas. to stay better connected with our customers.
Innovation will help us reduce safety incidents,
1 L
 eading assets in leading locations improve service through better traceability and
Over the years, we have grown our global portfolio planning, and lower costs by working more
and sharpened our value proposition for our strategic efficiently and saving energy
terminal types: industrial, gas, distribution and hub
terminals. At the same time, we keep instilling the 5 People leadership
‘Vopak way’ in different geographies, resulting in a We need to lead in our investment decisions, in
Additional information

well-diversified and strong asset base at a lowest our care for the planet and people, and in living our
possible cost of ownership values. This requires that we inspire and challenge
our people and help them develop the right
capabilities and leadership skills. We aim for a highly
motivated, skilled, agile and diverse Vopak team.
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
New bunkering

Key developments
per division
services in
Singapore

Sustainability
“Enabling Vopak introduced new bunkering services at its Sebarok terminal in
Singapore allowing vessels to receive bunkers from bunker barges
seamless, safe simultaneously while loading or discharging at the terminal. This

Governance, risk
and efficient and compliance
eliminates the shifting time for vessels to anchorages for their bunkering
and makes the scheduling of bunker supply more predictable. The new

logistic processes concurrent bunkering service is in line with Maritime and Port Authority
of Singapore’s directive to improve port efficiency. Prior to this new
in the entire service, vessels were required to sail to the anchorage to receive
their bunkers.
supply chain”
Vopak Terminals Singapore’s Managing Director Tan Soo Koong
Financial Statements

commented: “This new bunkering service is a continuation of Vopak’s

strategy to help unlock logistic value for our customers, enabling
seamless, safe and efficient logistic processes in the entire supply chain.”

The successful and safe introduction of this new bunkering service is the
result of the excellent collaboration with BW Pacific, Sinanju Marine
Services, and Unicore Fuel. This new service will be progressively
expanded to Vopak’s other terminals in Singapore.
Additional information

Located close to the Eastern anchorage where a large part of the

bunkering activity takes place, Vopak’s Sebarok terminal is a strategic hub
connecting the supply of bunker fuels and the flow of vital oil products.
11 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Profile, mission and strategy

Introduction
Five leadership areas

Executive Board report
Storing vital products with care

Service Operational Leading assets in Technology People

Storing vital products

leadership leadership leading locations leadership leadership

with care
Founder’s mentality

Key developments
per division
Vopak Values

For all this, we find a foundation in a history dating back to 1616 and our ‘founder’s mentality’. This
reminds us that we must not limit ourselves to what we know now and what has worked in the past, but

Sustainability
be open to new solutions and opportunities, with an entrepreneurial mindset. This, in combination with
the ‘Vopak Values’, enables us to work every day as if each one of us is the founder or owner of Vopak,
investing in the company’s success.

Vopak’s role in the different supply chains

We ensure safe, efficient and clean storage and provide infrastructure services in different supply chains for oil,
chemicals, gases, biofuels and vegoils in three end markets: Energy, Manufacturing and Food & Agriculture.
This is further explained in the chapters Business environment, Leading assets in leading locations and

Governance, risk
and compliance
Service leadership in this Annual Report.
Financial Statements

Feedstock Feedstock Independent Product Production Product Independent Mid-stream

production gathering storage and transmission and refining transmission storage and and end-user
transshipment transshipment distribution
Additional information
12 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Profile, mission and strategy

Introduction
Vopak's four strategic terminal types

Industrial terminals Gas terminals

Executive Board report
Gas Liquid

customer customer customer customer customer LNG

A B C D E NGL
LPG

Storing vital products

with care
Vopak has more than 40 years of experience Demand for gas is increasing, driven by
in industrial terminalling and is the leading petrochemical and plastics production, for
independent operator of industrial terminals. gas-fired power plants and for transportation
These often large terminals exclusively support purposes. This led Vopak to increase its focus
chemical clusters in the Americas, Europe, on facilitating growth in global gas markets.
Middle East and Asia. We also operate terminals By introducing infrastructure and logistic

Key developments
that have significant long-term pipeline solutions for cleaner and efficient fuels like LPG

per division
connections and serve global and regional and LNG, Vopak is contributing to the energy
plants. We provide a centralized fit-for-purpose transition. We own and operate LPG storage
solution and deliver value to customers and terminals for example in the Netherlands,
local authorities through economies of scale. China and Singapore. Vopak operates two
LNG facilities in Mexico and the Netherlands.

Sustainability
Distribution terminals Hub terminals

Governance, risk
and compliance

Capacity for refining and petrochemical Hub terminals are strategically located along major
production is expected to decline significantly shipping routes, where many suppliers and
in certain countries such as Mexico, Indonesia customers are active and where efficient supply
and Australia because they lack competitive chain management processes are of utmost
Financial Statements

production capabilities. Yet these countries, will importance. We have strengthened our position in
continue to have a high demand for energy, such these terminals in recent years, making them safer,
as oil and gas, and continue to consume more more efficient and better able to deliver higher
plastics and chemicals driven by population and service levels in a dynamic market environment.
GDP growth. Vopak plays an important role in the The four main hubs in our network are:
import and distribution of vital products in major Houston, the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerpen
markets with structural deficits. (ARA) region, Fujairah and the Singapore Strait.
Additional information
13 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Profile, mission and strategy

Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Innovation

Key developments
per division
award for Thai
Tank Terminal

Sustainability
“This award is a The Vopak Thai Tank Terminal (TTT) won the award this year for the
‘most innovative company’ in the field of Logistics awarded by
clear testament the Netherlands-Thai Chamber of Commerce.

Governance, risk
of our leadership Deputy Managing Director, Martijn Schouten commented: and compliance

in innovation “The award is a clear testament of our leadership in innovation

and is a real motivation boost.”
and is a real The terminal was the first to use automated jetty planning in Thailand
motivation boost” allowing real-time jetty planning online for customers, agents and
surveyors. It was also the first terminal to install a Certified Ultra-Low
Financial Statements

Emissions Burner reducing emissions by 99.9% and also the

first to install a permanent oil boom. This is illustrative of its approach
to sustainability: maximize operational safety and minimize our
environmental footprint.

Additionally, TTT offers innovations in truck automation such as all truck

activities being web-based, paperless and with no human interface.
Radio Frequency Identification is used to identify trucks for permission to
Additional information

be on-site and check whether the driver has passed the safety training.
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
Executive Board

Report of the Executive Board

Executive Board members

Business environment
Financial performance
report
15 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Executive Board members

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Eelco Hoekstra Frits Eulderink Gerard Paulides
Chairman of the Member of the Member of the
Executive Board and Executive Board and Executive Board and
CEO of Royal Vopak COO of Royal Vopak CFO of Royal Vopak

Key developments
per division
Nationality Dutch   Nationality Dutch   Nationality Dutch  
Year of birth 1971 Year of birth 1961 Year of birth 1963
Education Master’s Degree Education PhD in Astrophysics Education Master’s Degree

Sustainability
in Economics and two cum laude Master’s in Business Economics
Career Eelco Hoekstra has been Degrees in Mathematics and Career Before joining Vopak,
active in the international tank in Astronomy Gerard Paulides was a senior
storage industry since 1995 Career Frits Eulderink joined the finance executive within Royal
and joined Vopak in 2003. Royal Dutch Shell Group in 1990, Dutch Shell for 30 years fulfilling
At Vopak, he held various where he held various technical several Finance, Investor Relations
management positions in the and management positions in and M&A related positions.
Middle East, Latin America the Netherlands, North America, He led the IPO for Shell
and Asia. Mr Hoekstra was Africa and the Middle East, Midstream Partners MLP and

Governance, risk
and compliance
President of Vopak Asia until his including in the fields of Research, was in charge of the Royal Dutch
appointment to the Executive Manufacturing, Exploration and Shell and BG Group transaction.
Board in November 2010. He has Production. Until the end of 2009, Mr Paulides has been a member
been Chairman of the Executive Mr Eulderink was Vice-President of the Executive Board and
Board and Chief Executive Officer Unconventional Oil in Houston Chief Financial Officer since
of Royal Vopak since January 2011. (United States). He has been a February 2018.
member of the Executive Board
and Chief Operating Officer of
Financial Statements

Royal Vopak since April 2010.

Additional information
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
Executive Board
Report of the

From left to right: Gerard Paulides, Eelco Hoekstra, Frits Eulderink

16 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 
17 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Report of the
Executive Board

Executive Board report
In 2017 our business was influenced by various developments, including the
recovery of the oil price, continued geopolitical unrest and market uncertainty
regarding the implementation of the International Maritime Organization’s global
sulphur cap as of 1 January 2020. At the same time, we look back on a year in

Storing vital products

which we made progress in realizing our growth ambition. We are on track with our

with care
digital agenda and have taken the next steps towards enhancing our key systems
and core processes in order to be more agile and innovative in an evolving and
dynamic marketplace.

Safety performance Financial performance

Regrettably, we have not been able to continue the Despite challenging market conditions, particularly in

Key developments
positive trend of our personal and process safety the oil markets, and following a strong performance in

per division
performance in 2017. We had two fatal accidents, 2016, we had a satisfactory performance in 2017.
both involving well-respected and valued contractors. The revenues in the hub locations were mainly
As a company, we need to keep on improving our impacted by the less favorable oil market structure.
safety culture, systems and hardware. A safety We also faced some operational challenges,
dialogue with our employees and contractors was such as the infrastructure issues at our Rotterdam
kicked-off at the start of 2018 to improve the safety chemical terminals and the collision damage to a jetty
performance. The outcome of these discussions will in Singapore. Changes in statutory tax rates in the
help us get a better understanding which long-term United States and Belgium led to significant one-off

Sustainability
actions we have to work on in order to ensure a safe gains in 2017, which will also have a positive effect
working place for everyone at all times. on our net result going forward. A deterioration of
the business environment for our joint venture
Sustainable Development Goals terminals in Tallinn (Estonia) and in Hainan (China)
We reviewed the 17 Sustainable Development Goals resulted in impairments for these non-strategic
of the United Nations (SDGs) and their 169 subgoals. assets, which are currently under strategic review.
Aligned with our purpose ‘Storing vital products Our efficiency program to further strengthen our
with care’, and the key sustainability topics of our competitiveness and reduce our cost base by
materiality matrix, we embrace the following four at least EUR 25 million is well underway. This adds

Governance, risk
and compliance
specific SDGs. First, we facilitate access to energy to a strong balance sheet and provides sufficient
and cleaner fuels and embrace the energy transition financial flexibility to support our future growth.
by exploring ways to develop solutions for a Overall, the 2017 financial performance is in line
low-carbon future (SDG 7: Affordable and clean with our expectations communicated at the start
energy). Second, to live up to our purpose, our of the year.
first and foremost priority is the safety of our people
and neighbors (SDG 8: Decent work and economic Strategy execution
growth), while minimizing any negative impacts on During the year, we realized many important
Financial Statements

our environment, in particular reducing releases to air, milestones that will result in further strengthening
water and soil (SDG 12: Responsible consumption of our competitive position in the industry. We further
and production). To store the products entrusted to us sharpened the portfolio with the partial divestment
with care, we also maintain and operate a reliable and of Vopak Terminal Eemshaven, in addition to several
sustainable terminal infrastructure in key ports around investment decisions to capture future growth, both
the world. This includes substantial investments in through brownfield as well as greenfield projects.
digitization and new technology (SDG 9: Industry, Recently, we announced the expansion of our joint
innovation and infrastructure). Having defined these venture terminal in Jakarta (Indonesia). This will add
Additional information

goals as our own, our next step will be to establish 100,000 cbm of storage capacity for clean petroleum
targets for these SDGs, which we will pursue in the products and biofuels to support customers in
years to come in order to deliver on our commitment complying with Indonesia’s mandatory biofuel
to the SDGs. blending regulations.
18 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Report of the Executive Board

Introduction
We are aware that the world around us is changing Composition of the Executive Board

Executive Board report
rapidly. The impressive pace of technological change, Gerard Paulides has taken office as a member of
along with the need to tackle pollution and climate the Executive Board and CFO as of 1 February 2018.
change, is transforming many industries across the Gerard succeeds Jack de Kreij, who decided to step
globe. We are confident that our investments in new down as per the same date, after serving the
technology and innovation projects, together with the company for 15 years as Vice-Chairman of the
replacement of our IT systems, will drive productivity Executive Board and CFO. Jack has played a key
improvements. As we are becoming more reliant on role in successfully building Vopak into a global leader
IT when managing and operating connected terminals in the tank storage business. We would like to
and assets, cybersecurity is an important topic on express our appreciation for his significant

Storing vital products

our digital agenda. We have implemented IT controls contribution to Vopak and we wish him all the best.

with care
for cybersecurity and have initiated a comprehensive
cybersecurity program, named COINS, that Looking ahead
addresses the convergence of IT and OT (Operational Financial performance in 2018 is expected to be
Technology). Related to this, and arguably the most influenced by currency exchange movements of
critical element of any transformation, we continued primarily the USD and SGD, and the currently less
to invest in our people in 2017. We launched the favorable oil market structure, impacting occupancy
company-wide program ‘LEAD’ (Leadership rates and price levels in the hub locations.
Excellence And Development) to further develop Given the current 3.1 million cbm expansion

Key developments
the skill set and capabilities of our senior leadership program with high commercial coverage,

per division
teams and prepare them for the future. This two-year in conjunction with the ongoing cost efficiency
program is delivered in collaboration with Saïd program, Vopak has the potential to significantly
Business School, University of Oxford, to foster new improve the 2019 EBITDA, subject to market
ways of thinking and stimulate our people to seek conditions and currency exchange movements.
out new opportunities.
The Executive Board
Last, we are pleased to have secured the long-term
senior financing for the PT2SB industrial terminal in

Sustainability
Pengerang, State of Johor (Malaysia). This capital
efficient funding of the project creates significant
additional financial flexibility for our company to
achieve its strategic objectives.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Strengthening

Key developments
per division
our leadership
through LEAD

Sustainability
“In order to This year our Executive Board launched the company-wide program
LEAD (Leadership Excellence And Development) to further strengthen
distinguish our company through a challenging leadership journey for our Vopak

Governance, risk
ourselves and compliance
Leaders. This two-year program will be delivered in collaboration with
Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, to accelerate leadership

in the five growth across all of the regions to achieve the Vopak strategic objectives.

leadership After the completion of the two-year program, our leaders will have
improved their strategic thinking, improved their collective agility and
areas” established a collective agenda, methods and language globally, while
achieving a step change in our leadership behavior.
Financial Statements

This will all be made possible by encouraging each other, being less risk
averse, speaking our minds, supporting courageous actions and taking
crucial steps where necessary. A safe and open environment will be
created for our Vopak Leaders to share best practices, learn from
mistakes and form a strong and solid leadership foundation to tackle
the challenges the future may hold.
Additional information
20 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Business environment

Executive Board report
Soft short-term

Storing vital products

markets for oil

with care
products, while steady
growth path continues
globally for chemicals
and gases

Key developments
per division
Global demand for energy and feedstock • Mergers & Acquisitions
for the manufacturing industry A high level of M&A activity in the oil and chemical
industry was seen last year, although not all
continued to rise in 2017 supported by proposed deals actually materialized. There are
population and GDP growth. Increasing three main drivers for the high number of M&A
geographic imbalances between areas deals: (1) to capture incremental growth in a low
growth environment driven by revenue synergies
of production and consumption required

Sustainability
and cost savings, (2) a greater emphasis on
more transportation of oil, gas and portfolio management and (3) readily available
petrochemicals around the world and deal funding
• Energy transition and climate change
infrastructure to cater for these flows. We have seen more government policies and
The combination of these factors regulatory requirements being discussed and
created a solid basis for Vopak’s progressed in 2017. Examples that are relevant
to Vopak include the IMO’s 2020 global sulphur
services in 2017. cap, the United Nation’s SDGs, the Task-force

Governance, risk
and compliance
on Climate-related Financial Disclosures and also
Global themes and key developments government plans impacting the energy mix that
in our industry is needed to meet growing energy demand in
Our overall business environment in 2017 was a sustainable manner
influenced by the following global themes and key • Competition in the hubs
developments in our industry: Competition increased from existing (local) service
• United States crude production and OPEC providers as well as new entrants. Expansions and
The growth in US crude production gained announcements for new capacity took place in the
Financial Statements

momentum with, as a consequence, growing main hubs, especially in the ARA region for oil and
volumes of US crude and products that compete chemical products.
in world markets. OPEC countries and allies have
so far imposed restrictions on exports with the
aim to actively stabilize the market
• Geopolitical unrest
Geopolitics played out in 2017 through numerous
elections, continued polarization regarding economic
Additional information

issues and sustained volatility in the Middle East.

Continued tensions between Russia, the EU and
the Baltic states have led to a further deterioration
of the business outlook in that region
21 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Business environment

Introduction
Oil products In 2017, a main part of Sadara (Saudi Arabia), the

Executive Board report
During 2017, the oil market saw robust growth in world’s largest chemicals complex built in a single
demand, supported by China and other developing phase, came on stream. Vopak handles the product
regions. An upswing was also seen in the US and flows from and to the 26 integrated world-scale
Europe underpinned by industrial and transport manufacturing plants through our associate
activity. On the supply side, the export cuts by OPEC Chemtank. China, a major consumer of base and
and their allies had their effect and are planned to be intermediate chemicals, took further steps to meet
extended over 2018. We observed steady flows of its growing demand by its own production. However,
crude oil being stored at our hub locations, mainly overall chemical imports in China continued to
utilized by customers with a structural underlying increase as a result of robust demand growth.

Storing vital products

business model supplying refineries. We experienced
Gases

with care
soft short-term markets for the storage of gasoline
and middle distillates, although these markets are still The global oversupply in the LPG market decreased
supported by solid long-term demand drivers, linked slightly, but LPG remained a competitive feedstock
to the growing petrochemical and transportation in the summer months when prices were low.
sector. The energy transition changes overall mix in European cracker operators and Chinese propane
demand for oil products and IMO 2020 will impact dehydrogenation (PDH) plants were the main
global fuel oil and bunker markets causing transition consumers of LPG in the petrochemical sector.
challenges in the short-term, but is expected to

Key developments
provide new opportunities in the mid- to long-term. Residential consumption, which is the largest

per division
demand sector for LPG, increased steadily due to
Chemicals fast growing GDP and population in countries such
Global activity in 2017 firmed broadly. Manufacturing as India, Pakistan, Indonesia and China. Commercial
and trade picked up, confidence improved and use of LPG increased in 2017 mainly due to smaller
international financing conditions remained supportive industries and small-scale power generation in
for business. An upbeat mood in both the developed emerging markets.
and emerging economies underpinned the global
recovery. Chemicals demand growth was supported LNG

Sustainability
by favorable conditions in consumer-led sectors such The LNG market in 2017 saw a robust growth in
as packaging, automotive and construction. Chemical production, mainly coming from Australia and the
shipping costs for the major trade routes declined United States. Demand was particularly strong in
last year, stimulating growth of global trade. These China, but the mature Korean and Japanese markets
developments had an overall positive effect on our also remained strong. In Europe, demand was
industrial terminals in 2017. mainly supported by countries in the Mediterranean.
In the Middle East, overall demand remained
Relatively low oil prices in combination with robust relatively flat and as for the Americas, lower demand
derivative markets supported the economics of in Brazil due to sufficient hydropower availability.

Governance, risk
and compliance
naphtha crackers, which are predominantly found in
Europe and Asia. After many years of rationalizations, Vegoils and biofuels
investments returned to Europe on the back of solid US and EU policy changes in the biofuels markets
derivative markets and high margins. created some uncertainty and led to a more volatile
year. After a slow start in the beginning of the year,
2017 was another strong year for the US ethanol import volumes picked up in the second half
petrochemical industry. Access to cheap ethane made of the year, while the lowering of EU anti-dumping
the US, together with the Middle East, the most duties on soy based biofuels supported our business
Financial Statements

competitive region to produce ethylene. towards the end of 2017.

Two new ethane fed crackers came on stream in the

Gulf Coast and another three are under construction
and will be operational next year. The increase in total
production of bulk liquid chemicals supported our
Deer Park terminal in Houston.
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Pilot project

Key developments
per division
in Vlissingen

Sustainability
“New sensors One of the products that our Vlissingen Terminal stores is a gas that
needs a special cooling system in order to preserve the product.
allow us to In storing this product, heat exchangers are used with the primary

manage our heat function of cooling or quenching the liquid and this requires heavy
monitoring by our operators. The operators check the heat exchangers

exchangers and manually input this information which can often be cumbersome.

Governance, risk
and compliance
instead of our Our innovation team saw this as a perfect opportunity to implement
a pilot project for wireless sensors to be installed on the heat
heat exchangers exchangers. It enables the operators to manage the heat exchangers
instead of our heat exchangers managing them while also reducing the
managing us” margin for human error. Not only do the sensors make the work more
efficient, the installation is relatively simple and requires no excavation.

The implementation of the sensors is a way to leverage digital

Financial Statements

technologies such as wireless networks and sensors enabling an

increase in the amount of data-driven decisions within the company
and helping us to remain competitive in the future.
Additional information
23 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Financial performance

Executive Board report
Satisfactory

Storing vital products

performance

with care
in 2017 despite
challenging market
conditions

Key developments
per division
Revenues Including exceptional items, total personnel expenses
In 2017, Vopak generated revenues of for 2017 amounted to EUR 338.0 million compared to
EUR 1,305.9 million, a decrease of EUR 41.0 million EUR 342.2 million in 2016.
(-3%) compared to EUR 1,346.9 million in 2016.
Excluding the negative currency translation effect Other operating expenses
of EUR 13.4 million, the decrease amounted to In 2017, other operating expenses -excluding
EUR 27.6 million. The effect of the divestments in exceptional items- amounted to EUR 337.9 million,

Sustainability
the beginning of 2016 amounted to EUR 17.1 million. which represents an increase of EUR 15.5 million (5%)
The lower revenues in the Netherlands and Asia were compared to EUR 322.4 million in 2016. Excluding the
partially offset by higher revenues mainly in the Americas. positive currency translation effect of EUR 0.9 million,
the increase amounted to EUR 16.4 million.
The average occupancy rate for Vopak’s subsidiaries This increase can mainly be attributed to our
(i.e. excluding joint ventures and associates) for 2017 operations in Panama which started in the
decreased to 90% compared to 93% in the same third quarter of 2016 and to higher insurance costs.
period in 2016.
No exceptional items were recognized in

Governance, risk
and compliance
Expenses Other operating expenses in 2017 (2016: loss
of EUR 16.5 million).
Personnel expenses
In 2017, personnel expenses -excluding exceptional The Group’s other operating expenses -including
items- amounted to EUR 338.0 million, a decrease of exceptional items- for 2017 amounted to
EUR 3.6 million (-1%) compared to EUR 341.6 million in EUR 337.9 million compared to EUR 338.9 million
2016. Excluding the positive currency translation effect in 2016.
of EUR 3.2 million and the effect of the divestments of
Financial Statements

EUR 4.1 million in the beginning of 2016, the increase Result of joint ventures and
amounted to EUR 3.7 million. This increase can mainly associates
be attributed to our operations in Panama which started In 2017, the result of joint ventures and associates
in the third quarter of 2016. -excluding exceptional items- amounted to
EUR 111.3 million, a decrease of EUR 12.5 million
During 2017, Vopak employed, in FTE, an average (-10%) compared to EUR 123.8 million in 2016.
of 4,046 employees (2016: 3,913), excluding joint Excluding the negative currency translation effect
ventures and associates. This comprises 3,630 of EUR 2.0 million, the decrease amounted to
Additional information

own employees (2016: 3,546) and 416 temporary EUR 10.5 million. This decrease was mainly due to
employees (2016: 367). The increase in the average lower results from the joint venture in Estonia, the
number of employees is primarily related to joint ventures and associates in the Middle East,
investments as part of our digital agenda and our associate in Haiteng (China) and our joint venture
its related IT/OT and innovation projects. in Hainan (China).
24 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial performance

Introduction
In 2017, exceptional losses were recognized in the (2016: EUR 442.4 million), of which EUR 319.1 million

Executive Board report
result of joint ventures and associates for the amount was invested in property, plant and equipment
of EUR 91.8 million (2016: loss of EUR 63.9 million). (2016: EUR 328.0 million). Investments in joint ventures
This amount primarily comprises an impairment on and associates, including acquisitions, amounted to
our equity investment in the joint venture Vopak E.O.S. EUR 23.3 million (2016: EUR 74.3 million).
(Estonia) of EUR 52.0 million and an impairment of
EUR 39.8 million on the joint venture terminal in As part of the strategic direction for the period
Hainan (China). 2017-2019, Vopak aims to spend a maximum of
approximately EUR 750 million on sustaining and
In 2017, an exceptional gain was recognized of service improvement capex. In addition, Vopak has

Storing vital products

EUR 24.6 million due to the partial divestment decided to invest approximately EUR 100 million in

with care
of the joint venture Vopak Terminal Eemshaven new technology and innovation programs as well as
(the Netherlands). in replacing its IT systems. Service, maintenance
and compliance capex for 2017 amounted to
In 2017, the result of joint ventures and associates EUR 211.5 million (2016: EUR 238.4 million).
-including exceptional items- amounted to IT capex amounted to EUR 27.4 million
EUR 44.1 million compared to EUR 59.9 million (2016: EUR 19.9 million).
in 2016.
Divestments

Key developments
Group operating profit before During 2017, the Group divested one business

per division
depreciation and amortization development project (2016: eight terminals and
Group operating profit before depreciation and two business development projects). Furthermore,
amortization (EBITDA) -excluding exceptional items- the Group partially divested its investment in the
and including the net result of joint ventures and joint venture Vopak Terminal Eemshaven in 2017.
associates for 2017 amounted to EUR 763.2 million, This resulted in a total cash inflow from divestments
which is EUR 59.1 million (-7%) lower compared of EUR 48.5 million (2016: EUR 464.6 million) and
to EUR 822.3 million in 2016. Excluding the negative an exceptional gain of EUR 26.0 million before tax
currency translation effect of EUR 11.5 million, (2016: EUR 287.3 million). As at year-end 2017 there

Sustainability
the decrease amounted to EUR 47.6 million. were no assets held for sale.
The divestments had a negative impact of
EUR 10.7 million. Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses amounted
Including exceptional items, Group operating profit to EUR 272.8 million in 2017, an increase of
before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) for EUR 8.9 million (3%) compared to EUR 263.9 million
2017 amounted to EUR 695.3 million compared to in 2016. Of these total expenses, EUR 12.4 million
EUR 1,023.2 million in 2016. (2016: EUR 9.4 million) related to amortization of
intangible assets. Excluding the positive currency

Governance, risk
and compliance
ROCE -excluding exceptional items- of 12.0% translation effect of EUR 1.2 million, the total increase
compared to 13.6% in 2016 reflecting lower EBIT. of depreciation and amortization amounted to
EUR 10.1 million.
Cash flows from operating activities
and working capital Impairments
Cash inflow from operating activities (gross) amounted In 2017, total impairments (including impairments
to EUR 713.8 million in 2017 (2016: EUR 783.2 million). of joint ventures and associates) amounted to
This decrease of EUR 69.4 million was primarily due to EUR 93.9 million (2016: EUR 65.8 million). This
Financial Statements

a decrease in revenues, additional operating amount comprised full impairment of our equity
expenditure, the effect of the divestments of 2016, investment in the joint venture Vopak E.O.S. (Estonia)
and lower dividends received from joint ventures of EUR 52.0 million and a full impairment of
and associates. EUR 39.8 million on our equity investment in the
joint venture in Hainan (China). Both terminals are
Strategic investments and currently under strategic review.
divestments
The impairment of Vopak E.O.S. was primarily related
Cash flows from investing activities
Additional information

to a further structural deterioration of the business

In 2017 cash flows from investing activities amounted environment in which the terminal operates, which
to a net cash outflow of EUR 320.6 million is heavily dependent on the flows of Russian oil
(2016: net cash inflow of EUR 114.7 million). products. The impairment of the joint venture in
Total investments amounted to EUR 448.5 million Hainan (China) was caused by current uncertainties,
25 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial performance

Introduction
market conditions and dependence on short-term Net finance costs

Executive Board report
trading contracts. In 2017, the Group’s net finance costs -excluding
exceptional items- amounted to EUR 98.5 million,
Capital structure a decrease of EUR 8.7 million (-8%) compared to
EUR 107.2 million in 2016. This decrease can mainly
Equity be attributed to lower interest expenses due to debt
The equity attributable to holders of ordinary shares repayments in 2016 and 2017, partially offset by a
increased by EUR 80.3 million to EUR 2,480.0 million lower amount of capitalized interest.
(31 December 2016: EUR 2,399.7 million). This increase
resulted mainly from the addition of the net profit The Group’s net finance costs -including exceptional

Storing vital products

for the year of EUR 235.4 million, partially offset items- amounted to EUR 122.0 million. This included a

with care
by the negative Other comprehensive income of make-whole payment of EUR 17.2 million in relation to
EUR 22.4 million and dividend payments in cash of the repayment of the 2007 USPPs and EUR 6.3 million
EUR 133.9 million. relating to a constructive obligation to provide
additional funding to the joint venture in Hainan (China)
Net debt while the terminal is under strategic review.
The net interest-bearing debt decreased to
EUR 1,533.9 million compared to EUR 1,804.2 million The average interest rate over the reporting period
at year-end 2016. Excluding the currency translation was 4.4% (2016: 4.3%). The fixed-to-floating ratio

Key developments
effect of EUR 214.1 million, the decrease amounted of the long-term interest-bearing loans, including

per division
to EUR 56.2 million. interest rate swaps, amounted to 94% versus 6%
at year-end 2017, compared to 99% versus 1% at
In addition to the scheduled repayment of year-end 2016.
USD 150 million (EUR 132.1 million) and
EUR 20 million, a repayment of USD 200 million Cash flows from financing activities
(EUR 169.8 million) was executed. The latter resulted Cash flows from financing activities amounted to
in a make-whole payment of EUR 17.2 million. a net cash outflow of EUR 538.8 million (2016: net
Furthermore, as part of the flexibility of the RCF, cash outflow of EUR 602.2 million). This amount

Sustainability
SGD 20 million (EUR 12.5 million) of drawdowns consisted mainly of dividend payments of
under this facility were repaid during 2017. EUR 172.8 million to ordinary shareholders and
The Corporate RCF of EUR 1 billion was fully available non-controlling interests, interest payments of
per year-end 2017; the first extension option of one EUR 143.5 million and the net repayment of
year was exercised in 2017. borrowings of EUR 248.4 million.

During 2018, regular repayments of long-term loans Income taxes

will amount to EUR 6.4 million. Income tax expenses -excluding exceptional items-
amounted to EUR 64.7 million in 2017, a decrease

Governance, risk
and compliance
As at 31 December 2017, an equivalent of of EUR 14.6 million (-18%) compared to
EUR 1,464.0 million (2016: EUR 1,999.4 million) EUR 79.3 million in 2016. The effective tax rate
was drawn under private placement programs -excluding exceptional items- was 16.5% compared to
with an average remaining term of 7.9 years 17.6% in 2016. The main driver behind the decrease
(2016: 7.7 years) in addition to EUR 62.6 million was changes in estimates of prior year tax positions.
(SGD 100 million) funded by banks at the level
of Vopak Terminals Singapore, with an average Income tax expenses -including exceptional items-
remaining term of 2.7 years. amounted to EUR 25.3 million in 2017, a decrease of
Financial Statements

EUR 47.2 million (-65%) compared to EUR 72.5 million

The Senior net debt: EBITDA ratio amounted to 2.02 in 2016. The effective tax rate -including exceptional
at year-end 2017 comparable to 2.04 at year-end 2016. items- was 8.4% compared to 11.1% in 2016.
This decrease was mainly due to the effects of
the changes in the corporate income tax rates in
the United States and Belgium. Furthermore, the
recovery of previously unrecognized tax receivables
resulted in a tax gain of EUR 8.3 million in 2017.
Additional information
26 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial performance

Introduction
Net profit attributable to holders Dividend proposal

Executive Board report
of ordinary shares Barring exceptional circumstances, the principle
Net profit attributable to holders of ordinary shares underlying Vopak’s dividend policy for ordinary shares
-excluding exceptional items- amounted to is to pay an annual cash dividend of 25% to 50%
EUR 287.4 million, a decrease of EUR 38.7 million of the net profit -excluding exceptional items-
compared to EUR 326.1 million in 2016. attributable to holders of ordinary shares. The net
Earnings per ordinary share -excluding exceptional profit -excluding exceptional items-, may be adjusted
items- amounted to EUR 2.25 in 2017, which for the financial effects of one-off events such as
was 12% lower compared to EUR 2.56 in 2016. changes in accounting policies, acquisitions or
reorganizations. A dividend of EUR 1.05 per ordinary

Storing vital products

Net profit attributable to holders of ordinary shares share (2016: EUR 1.05), payable in cash, will be

with care
-including exceptional items- amounted to proposed to the Annual General Meeting of
EUR 235.4 million, compared to EUR 534.0 million 18 April 2018. Excluding exceptional items, the
in 2016. Earnings per ordinary share -including payout ratio will amount to 47% of earnings per
exceptional items- amounted to EUR 1.85 ordinary share (2016: 41%).
(2016: EUR 4.19).

For a full overview of the exceptional items,

reference is made to note 2.2 of the Consolidated

Key developments
Financial Statements.

per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Royal Decoration

Key developments
per division
“A keen eye for On 14 December 2017, Jack de Kreij received a Royal Decoration
from the mayor of Roosendaal. Mr De Kreij was appointed Officer in
long-term value

Sustainability
the Order of Orange-Nassau to honor him for his work at Vopak and

creation” the example he has set within the financial world.

As one of the founding fathers of present-day Vopak, Mr De Kreij has

made an essential contribution to the company's growth to become
a world leader in tank storage. Mayor of Roosendaal: "He achieved this
through a combination of financial mastery and a keen eye for long-term
value creation".

Governance, risk
and compliance
The Royal Decoration was presented to Jack de Kreij during
a symposium, on the occasion of his retirement as Vice-Chairman
of the Executive Board and CFO at Royal Vopak. Mr De Kreij:
"I have served in the Executive Board since January 2003 and after
an inspiring period and succesful growth of the company, I deem it
a natural moment to transfer my duties after 15 years."
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
products with care
Storing vital

Leading assets in leading locations

Operational leadership

Technology leadership
Service leadership

People leadership
29 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Leading assets
in leading locations

Executive Board report
Further

Storing vital products

growth project

with care
announcements
in 2017

Key developments
per division
Vopak continued to strengthen its global 1 Urbanization
network of terminals in 2017, pursuing Migration from rural areas to cities continues.
There is generally a positive correlation between
its long-term growth strategy with rising levels of urbanization and income, resulting
new announcements. in a higher GDP
2 Changing demographics
Population growth levels vary across regions and
Highlights 2017 countries. While growth is typically slowing down

Sustainability
• Industrial terminals: partial commissioning in OECD countries, a number of non-OECD
of our associate Chemtank terminal in Jubail countries are showing strong growth. Another
(Saudi Arabia). Furthermore, we secured development which is seen especially in OECD
USD 1.25 billion for the long-term project countries is an aging population that consumes
financing of the PT2SB industrial terminal less relative to a younger population
in Pengerang (Malaysia) 3 Geopolitical developments and global trade
• Gas terminals: started construction of a propane International trade has grown considerably over the
export terminal in western Canada and the last decade due to the increasing interconnectivity
decision was made to no longer pursue the of global and regional value chains. However, recent

Governance, risk
and compliance
FSRU transaction between Vopak and Exmar political polarization and the rise in protectionist
• Distribution terminals: approval of two new policies could contribute to uncertainty, affecting
projects in South Africa and a brownfield markets and disrupting efficiencies that are currently
expansion in the port of Santos (Brazil) supporting global trade
• Hub terminals: progress made in Panama 4 New and disruptive technologies
(greenfield terminal under construction) and Technological advances and the increasing speed
announced brownfield expansion in Pengerang of the adoption of new technologies require
(Malaysia) for refined petroleum products. companies to monitor these developments more
Financial Statements

closely. For instance, the large-scale adoption

Megatrends of electrical or hybrid vehicles will impact fuel
As part of our 'Beyond 400' strategy update demand in OECD countries, more so than in
conducted earlier in 2016, we mapped relevant non-OECD countries
global megatrends and explored the impact of 5 Sustainability and climate change
these developments on our customers’ end The Paris Agreement and the United Nations
markets. This has formed the basis of an extensive Climate Change Conferences of recent years
study on future growth opportunities in different further strengthened the resolution to limit global
Additional information

product-market combinations. warming. Extreme weather, the effect of excessive

pollution in certain cities and natural disasters, to
The five megatrends that we believe will have name a few, have all led to increased awareness
a significant impact on the end markets that among companies and consumers of the need
are relevant to Vopak: to tackle climate change and reduce emissions.
30 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Leading assets in leading locations

Introduction
End markets Opportunities per strategic

Executive Board report
Vopak is active in providing infrastructure services terminal type
for vital products used in three end markets: We have used these insights to further sharpen
our value proposition for the four strategic terminal
• Energy types through which we serve our customers:
Energy demand is expected to continue to grow
over the next decades. Depending on the speed 1 Industrial terminals
of technological advancement and costs, New large-scale petrochemical complexes and
renewable sources such as solar and wind are refining centres are expected to arise in feedstock
expected to grow the most; however, from a much advantaged regions (i.e. United States and the

Storing vital products

smaller base. Gas is expected to grow significantly Middle East) and/or close to growing end markets

with care
given its availability and competitiveness. For the such as Asia. State owned oil and chemical
transport sector, oil is expected to continue to companies, as well as other customers serving
constitute a large part of the energy mix. the oil/chemical majors, are increasingly interested
However, energy efficiency improvements and in contracting storage and handling services that
alternative fuels will cap its growth. Furthermore, are integrated in their industrial processes but
growth patterns will look very different depending executed by specialists like Vopak
on the different regions 2 Gas terminals
• Manufacturing Gas will play an increasingly important role in

Key developments
Main market sectors such as construction, the global energy mix. Based on the shale gas

per division
automotive and advanced industries use chemicals developments in the US, the global growth in
as feedstock for their manufacturing. These sectors liquefaction (LNG) and the diversification of energy
are expected to grow significantly over the next and feedstock in the Middle East, we expect that
few decades, creating opportunities to provide gas, including LNG and LPG, will become a more
additional industrial infrastructure services globally traded vital product. In order to optimize
• Food & agriculture supply chains, additional infrastructure will be
Population growth and rising wealth levels drive required that facilitates the growing trade in
the demand for food and agriculture. Our vegoil these products

Sustainability
business is closely connected to this sector, 3 Distribution terminals
although we have limited exposure to this segment. Oil and chemical import-distribution terminals
remain an important part of Vopak’s business.
Expected impact on Vopak's business Looking ahead, OECD markets provide
environment opportunities due to refinery closures and
We expect that a growing population, urbanization oil majors that are divesting infrastructure.
and increasing wealth levels will drive demand in For non-OECD markets, opportunities mainly
the above-mentioned end markets, especially in arise from increasing demand for transport fuels
non-OECD countries. Demand for chemicals, gas in markets without sufficient refining capacity.

Governance, risk
and compliance
and edible oils is forecast to increase the most, as This, in combination with the deregulation
well as demand for oil and oil products, albeit at a of markets, enables new possibilities for the
slower pace, and only in specific regions. Given the storage and distribution of fuels
fact that production centers for the different product 4 Hub terminals
groups are generally not located near demand areas, For oil products, most growth is expected to
this will further increase trade flows. The changes in be in non-OECD countries. The diverse product
these flows and the possible substitution of products specifications as well as underdeveloped
mean that we have to examine each region and infrastructure mean that hubs such as Fujairah and
Financial Statements

location within these regions separately. As part of Singapore will continue to be relevant as locations
our review process, we will continuously monitor to blend, break bulk and make bulk. For chemicals,
these trends and anticipate their impact on our Vopak has been expanding its presence in key
business at a local level. hub locations, including Antwerp, Rotterdam and
Houston. Besides growth, we are continuously
searching for opportunities to improve our position
by further optimization of our assets and
integration with our customers.
Additional information
31 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Leading assets in leading locations

Introduction
Announcements related to leading assets in leading locations

Executive Board report
February - Vopak and its partner Reatile April - Vopak announced that it will expand its
announced that they will expand their activities wholly-owned terminal in Alemoa, which is
in South Africa to meet the increasing demand located in Brazil’s Port of Santos, Latin America’s
for petroleum products and to improve the largest port. The expansion will add 16 new
security of fuel supply by facilitating the import tanks with a capacity of 61,000 cbm.
of cleaner fuels. The expansion comprises two In addition, five additional truck loading bays

Storing vital products

projects; a new 100,000 cbm inland terminal will be constructed, which can handle up
in Lesedi, close to Johannesburg, connected to 130 additional trucks per day.

with care
to Vopak Terminal Durban via the Transnet
Multi Product Pipeline, and an expansion of Vopak and Exmar jointly concluded the
Vopak Terminal Durban with 130,000 cbm. acquisition by Vopak of Exmar’s participation
in FSRU assets would no longer be pursued.

May - Vopak and AltaGas entered into a joint

Key developments
venture agreement and will invest together in July - Gasunie LNG Holding B.V., Oiltanking

per division
the development of the Ridley Island Propane GmbH and Vopak LNG Holding B.V. obtained
Export Terminal (RIPET). RIPET will be the the approval under the EU Merger Regulation
first propane export facility off the west to establish a joint venture for owning and
coast of Canada. The project is designed to operating a liquefied natural gas (LNG)
ship 1.2 million tonnes of propane per annum, terminal in Northern Germany. To attract
with approximately 96,000 cubic meters of interest from the market, an Open Season
storage capacity. Vopak has a 30 percent was launched later on January 17, 2018.
interest in RIPET.

Sustainability
September - Whitehelm Capital and Vopak
August - Vopak and its joint venture partners announced a change in ownership in Vopak
announced the expansion of their independent Terminal Eemshaven, a joint venture terminal
storage terminal (PITSB) in Pengerang, Johor in the Netherlands. Whitehelm Capital
in southern Malaysia. PITSB will be expanded acquired 90% of the shares in the company
with 430,000 cubic meters to a total capacity from Vopak and its partner. Vopak will retain
of 1.7 million cubic meters. 10 percent of the shares and will continue

Governance, risk
and compliance
to manage and operate the terminal.
Vopak announced that it will further expand
its wholly-owned terminal in Alemoa. The decommissioning of Vopak Terminal Tianjin
This expansion is in addition to the expansion (38,000 cbm) was started in Q3 2017.
announced earlier in April. The expansion will This smaller joint venture terminal is located
add another 44,900 cbm to Vopak’s Alemoa at the port of Tianjin, China.
Terminal. The total capacity of the terminal
after the expansion will be 279,900 cbm.
Financial Statements

February (2018) - Vopak announced that it will

expand its Sebarok terminal in Singapore with
February (2018) - Vopak and its partner PT 67,000 cbm. The expansion mainly caters for
AKR Corporindo will expand their strategically storage and handling of MGO to strengthen the
located import-distribution terminal in the Port position of our Sebarok terminal as the bunker
of Jakarta, Indonesia. The expansion will add hub of choice with flexibilities of handling
100,000 cbm of storage capacity for clean multiple fuels following the implementation
petroleum products and biofuels supporting of IMO regulations in 2020.
Additional information

customers to comply with Indonesia’s biofuel

blending mandate regulations.
32 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Leading assets in leading locations

Introduction
Growth perspective

Executive Board report
Storage capacity development 2017

Vopak’s Capacity
Country Terminal ownership Products (cbm) Commissioned

Storage capacity per 31 December 2016 34.7 million cbm

New and existing terminals

Singapore Banyan Cavern Storage Services n.a.1 Oil products 990,000 Q1 2017

Storing vital products

Saudi Arabia Chemtank Jubail 25% Chemicals 284,000 Q1 2017-Q4 2017
China Caojing 50% Chemicals 24,000 Q3 2017-Q4 2017

with care
Various Net change at various terminals Various - 97,500
including decommissioning of capacity

Decommisioned terminals

China Vopak Terminal Tianjin 50% Chemicals - 38,000 Q3 2017

Net change for the period as per 31 December 2017 1.2 million cbm

Total Storage capacity per 31 December 2017: 35.9 million cbm

Key developments
1
Only acting as operator

per division
Announced storage capacity developments for the period up to and including 2019

Vopak’s Capacity
Country Terminal ownership Products (cbm) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Sustainability
Storage capacity per 31 December 2016
Existing terminals

United States Deer Park 100% Chemicals 138,000

Malaysia Pengerang 44.1% Oil products 430,000
Independent
Terminals (PITSB)
Brazil Alemoa 100% Chemicals 106,000
South Africa Durban 70% Oil products 130,000
Indonesia Jakarta 49% Oil products 100,000
Singapore Sebarok 69.5% Oil products 67,000

Governance, risk
New terminals and compliance
Saudi Arabia Chemtank Jubail 25% Chemicals 93,000
Panama Panama Atlantic 100% Oil products 360,000
Canada Ridley Island 30% LPG 96,000
Propane Export
Terminal
South Africa Lesedi 70% Oil products 100,000
Malaysia PT2SB (Pengerang) 29.7% Chemicals/oil 1,496,000
Financial Statements

products/LPG

Net change for the period up to and including 2019 3.1 million cbm

Total Storage capacity up to and including 2019 39.0 million cbm

start construction
expected to be commissioned
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Expansion in

Key developments
per division
strategically located
Pengerang terminal

Sustainability
“The expansion of Scheduled to be commissioned in Q1 2019, the Pengerang Independent
Terminals Sdn Bhd (PITSB) in Pengerang will undergo an expansion of
PITSB is aligned 430,000 cbm to a total capacity of 1.7 million cubic meters. PITSB,

Governance, risk
with Vopak’s and compliance
one of Vopak’s joint venture terminals, provides storage, blending and
distribution services for crude oil and clean petroleum products.

strategy to invest The expansion relates to the storage of clean petroleum products.

In total, 24 new tanks will be built ranging from 10,000 cbm to
in strategic hub 25,000 cbm. In addition to the extra capacity, one extra berth will be
taken into operation, bringing the total number of operating berths to six.
locations” PITSB has the capacity to handle Very Large Crude Carriers.
Financial Statements

The Pengerang region is strategically located at the most southeastern

tip of Johor, Malaysia, along the international shipping routes and is part
of the Singapore oil hub, the main oil trading center of Asia, where there
is a growing need for storage capacity. Another strategic advantage of
PITSB is that the terminal is connected with pipelines to the industrial
terminal Pengerang Terminals (Two) Sdn Bhd (PT2SB) and can thus
benefit from Asia’s growing need for new storage capacity for clean
petroleum products.
Additional information
34 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Operational leadership

Executive Board report
The right

Storing vital products

people, high quality

with care
assets and
robust repeatable
processes

Key developments
per division
As an integral part of our customers’ toolkits, ensuring that we follow key processes
value chain, we have to make sure that with people who are trained in their respective roles.
These key processes are described in our One Vopak
we do the right things right, each and Experience (OVE) blueprint and our Standards.
every step of the way. Vopak has In order to ensure that we have the right checks and
a leading role in operating capabilities balances in place, our operations and internal control
systems are based on internally developed protocols.
and aims to set the standard in the
field of safety, service and efficiency. Health and safety

Sustainability
Our ambition is to perform as good as our best
performing customers. Our ‘License to Operate’
Trusted partner and our ‘License to Grow’ are conditional upon
Vopak stores vital products with care. These products our ability to design, construct and operate safely
are crucial to people’s lives, but can endanger their and responsibly.
health and the environment if stored or handled
inappropriately. We abide by existing rules and Process safety and the occupational health and safety
regulations as a minimum and adopt best practices of our own employees and our contractors are

Governance, risk
and compliance
whenever possible. Safety is our first and our top priorities. We have developed a thorough
foremost priority. understanding in designing and constructing our
terminals, in designing core processes with the
High quality assets in the right locations, manned by appropriate level of controls, and in following a robust
the right people, and robust repeatable processes in maintenance regime. All our terminals are governed
order to deliver high quality and efficient service; this by an extensive set of global standards which also
is what distinguishes us from our competitors. We meet the local regulatory requirements. Where there
aim to have Operational Review Meetings with our are differences, our approach is to adopt the more
Financial Statements

customers on a regular basis in order to evaluate our stringent requirements.

service levels. We measure our customer satisfaction
through our annual Net Promoter Score (NPS) survey Our global standards also cover key operational and
and draw up action plans from the feedback that we maintenance processes. In the daily operation and
receive. We will deliver and install dashboarding tools maintenance of our terminals, we encounter
at most of our terminals during 2018 to enhance our non-routine activities, which are managed with
ability to monitor our operational performance. additional control measures such as control of work
procedures. Every Vopak employee, contractor and
Additional information

We are continuously evaluating how we design, build, service provider are required to adhere to our Safety,
operate, maintain and improve our facilities in order to Health and Environmental requirements, formalized
ensure that our services remain relevant to changing through employment and service contracts, in all
market needs. We aim to apply a common approach locations and at all times. Safety committees are
in all these different phases, supported with the right organized on a terminal level at all terminals.
35 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Operational leadership

Introduction
All levels of employees and contractors are most effective tools to train and assess proficiency in

Executive Board report
represented through these committees. our Vopak Fundamentals. In 2017, 4,792 people were
using the system, of which 85% are up to date
Assure program – major accident with their Vopak Fundamentals (based on our annual
prevention recertification requirement). In addition to our Vopak
The Assure program is one of our core programs and Fundamentals, we have other safety critical modules
provides a framework to guard against major process available within MLO, which are also used to train
accidents that have the highest potential impact on and assess our field employees. We have a small
our people, contractors and facilities. This program number of locations, which have not deployed MLO,
was initially launched in 2014 as an asset-integrity but which follow the same guidance in terms of

Storing vital products

program (i.e. checks on safety critical devices, safety training.

with care
tanks and pipelines) and as part of our periodic
improvement reviews. The scope was subsequently We are also using MLO to train and assess our
broadened and now also includes people (such as operational employees on our core operational
training and assessment on Vopak Fundamentals) processes, such as shipping and trucking. We expect
and process aspects. to complete all our core e-modules related to our
operational activities in 2018. These trainings will
Asset integrity remains the core element of our also be administered and monitored through our
Assure program, and is secured through the MLO system.

Key developments
3-Year Maintenance Program (3YMP), in which a

per division
risk-based approach is used to determine the level of Contractor management
maintenance required for key assets such as tanks, Our construction and maintenance activities are in
pipelines and plant control systems. The 3YMP is many instances performed by contractors under our
reviewed annually during the budget cycle, in addition supervision. Driven by the many greenfield projects
to the routine maintenance activities. Consequently, as well as maintenance activities at our existing
the progress made is measured quarterly and terminals, our contractors’ exposure hours equal and
benchmarked against the original plan, as part of mostly exceed that of our own employees, making
the divisional review. In cases where additional contractor management equally important as that

Sustainability
maintenance is required, these requests are of Vopak employees.
assessed and resourced to ensure that asset
integrity is not at risk. The process starts with the selection of contractors
for which safety performance and experience are
The Assure program applies global standards, critical qualifying criteria. We require our contractors
information from our Maintenance Management and their subcontractors to behave responsibly and
System (ME2) and existing global toolkits such uphold at least the minimum standards defined in
as learning and assessment modules within our Supplier Code which covers care for safety, health
My Learning Operations (MLO). Following self and the environment, integrity and compliance with

Governance, risk
and compliance
assessments, nearly all terminals were audited human rights and labor conventions.
by cross regional teams during the course of 2017.
The audits were preceded by extensive efforts Our expectations with regard to health and safety
of all terminal teams to assess and close gaps. are equally binding for our contractors and our own
The program not only prioritizes and helps us employees. It is very common in Vopak today to see
‘do the right things’, it also helps to demonstrate active and equal participation of contractors in our
conformance with the Vopak standards. safety committees and initiatives, including
surveillance checks at worksites.
Financial Statements

Equipping our people – Vopak

fundamentals and core processes We have identified locations where labor rights risks
Care for Safety, Health and Environment is are higher, in which case we take on an extended role
a fundamental expectation of Vopak from all its to check that minimum conditions are being met.
employees throughout the organization and the Our contractor development efforts are mainly in
contractors working at the terminals. It is part of the area of health and safety, human rights, labor
our company values. MLO has been one of our conditions and business ethics and integrity.
Additional information
36 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Operational leadership

Introduction
Environmental care containment to prevent damage to the environment.

Executive Board report
Our operations can adversely impact the environment We continue to improve the coverage of secondary
through emissions, which in our case are related to containment and, led by a risk-based approach, we
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), through soil continue to improve the protection of the subsoil
contamination (and consequently groundwater and groundwater at our terminals.
pollution) as well as through water pollution. Although
carbon dioxide emissions are not a key topic, If a spill or any unwanted discharge takes place,
Vopak has chosen to report on these voluntarily. emergency mitigation procedures are in place at all
our terminals, according to the Vopak Standards:
Our core management approach is to reduce the ‘Spill control’ and ‘Soil and groundwater management’.

Storing vital products

risks of environmental impact first through design,
Water pollution

with care
supported by a robust process to prevent such
occurrences. Additionally, we have an ongoing As all our terminals are situated at open waterways,
process to ensure the integrity of our assets covering we particularly seek to avoid any unwanted discharge
safety critical equipment, such as tanks and pipelines. of product to the surface water. Prevention takes
The majority of our spills are contained and recovered place through our focus on asset integrity, adherence
due to the provision of secondary containment. to operational procedures, specifically designed
Our target continues to be a year-on-year improvement containment and drainage facilities at the jetties and
of our Process Safety Event Rate (PSER) and piers. In the event that product is discharged to the

Key developments
a reduction of spill quantities. surface water, mitigation will take place through

per division
specific equipment present at every pier or jetty,
This also involves continuous engagement with each supported by services to recover and prevent
stakeholder during construction phase and operational further spread of contaminants. We measure the
phase of each terminal. This stakeholder engagement effectiveness of the prevention of spills to surface
is addressed locally. and sewage water as part of our Assure and
Terminal Health Assessment (THA) programs.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Our prime responsibility is to comply with (local) Carbon dioxide

Sustainability
legislation on air emissions. Our objective is to Despite the fact that reporting on our carbon
further reduce our VOC emissions. For this objective, emissions is stated as not material, we believe
we believe we need to focus our efforts on those that reporting is a public requirement. As Vopak,
areas where the social impact is largest. As field we report on our scope 1 (direct emissions from
measurement is not feasible, in 2017 we developed own combustions) and scope 2 (indirect emissions
a model to provide guidance to the organization on from purchase of energy e.g. electricity and steam).
possible reduction measures and their societal impact
(according to the True Value method) to ensure that The majority of our carbon dioxide emissions are
our efforts and investments, beyond what is required generated through operational processes such as

Governance, risk
and compliance
from a regulatory perspective, are put in place there pumping and heating. The most direct step that we
where the impact on society is largest. For more have taken is to switch to cleaner fuels for these type
information, reference is made to note 5 on VOC of activities. For instance, the switch from coal to fuel
emissions in the Sustainability chapter of this oil and the use of fuel oil with a lower sulfur content.
Annual Report.
Energy efficiency is also seen as another means to
Soil and groundwater pollution reduce our carbon dioxide footprint. As heating is
As the owner and/or user of approximately a large component of our energy consumption,
Financial Statements

1,550 hectares of land, with more than 4,500 tanks, we launched an energy-efficiency program for all our
Vopak is responsible for taking care of this land. terminals in the Netherlands in 2016 for the years
The majority of our tanks are equipped with 2017-2020. The first intermediate results will be
a secondary protection system to prevent spills reviewed in the course of 2018, and we will evaluate
and other contaminants from entering the soil ways to further deploy this in other locations.
and groundwater.
Biodiversity
Specific locations where the risk of spillage is higher, Biodiversity is not only care for the environment,
Additional information

such as pumping pits, truck loading stations and jetty but is seen within Vopak in a much wider context.
manifolds, are already equipped with secondary Within our set of global standards we describe
37 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Operational leadership

Introduction
how to assess the influences Vopak has on its If things go wrong

Executive Board report
surroundings. This will either be environmental
impacts and/or social impacts. Important topics Emergency preparedness
that are addressed in these standards are: air quality Our terminals are equipped and tested once
(odors, VOC emissions, SOx and NOx emissions), a year on their emergency and crisis management
soil and groundwater use, light (effects on bird response. Emergency preparedness is an important
migrations), impact on areas with high biodiversity, aspect within our operations and our emergency
noise and archeological artifacts. Also wastewater response and business continuity plans account for
treatment and the amount and quality of waste is scenarios including disasters. A typical Emergency
part of this impact assessment. Response Plan (ERP) at a terminal includes various

Storing vital products

scenarios and their recommended response steps,

with care
Our hazardous waste is regulated through the the necessary contacts (e.g. neighbors, support and
Waste handling standard, which every terminal organizations) and escalation channels should the
should apply even when the specific country incident require this. In defining these ERPs, local
requires a lower standard. authorities are involved, which are representing
local communities.
Monitoring framework for safety,
health and the environment Incident reporting and learnings
We use API RP 754 and OSHA 1904 as All employees including contractors and service

Key developments
frameworks and basis for monitoring safety, health providers are expected to participate in safety

per division
and environment related performance. The typical dialogues, which also include reporting observations
KPIs related to measuring performance are lagging and incidents. We follow the reporting guidelines of
indicators, which measure past performance. They API RP 754 tracking both lagging as well as leading
are used actively at all our facilities. These include indicators. Incidents and high potential near misses
reporting of incidents and near misses, sickness are reviewed, with actions tracked to ensure closure.
and absenteeism rates, contractor performance etc.
Sharing learnings forms an important part of creating
Our monitoring framework includes programs to awareness and influencing a safer behavior through

Sustainability
monitor the health of our operations. This is further improved insights. Key incidents and learnings are
secured through our THA program, which is based reported quarterly, and form part of the management
on the Chemical Distribution Institute audit protocol topics discussed at the highest levels within the
for Terminals (CDI-T). This audit covers broad areas organization. In striving to reach all levels within
from site management and asset integrity to the organization, key learnings are converted into
conformance with Vopak standards, and this audit ‘Safety Alerts’, which are shared internally across
is repeated every three years. We will perform our terminals.
another improvement cycle during 2018 with the
objective to define an adjusted THA program, Security, including cybersecurity

Governance, risk
and compliance
based on our Assure parameters. Security of our terminals is a core element of terminal
management given the nature and value of the
Likewise, we have programs to monitor the health products that we store.
of our safety culture, conducted through external
surveys every two to five years. We also conduct an We use a common approach: leveraging on
employee engagement survey every two years and, engineering and technology, making sure that
based on these results, we see improving trends. we have robust processes and protocols in place,
and making sure that our people are trained and
Financial Statements

In terms of people, some of our programs are literally equipped. For example, securing the physical
monitoring the health of our people, especially those integrity of our terminals is already a long-standing
at the terminals who have to perform physical activities requirement mandated by Vopak as well as local
on site. For example, within our Netherlands division, authorities (e.g. customs and port authorities).
which has a higher percentage of older employees, This has been further enhanced in compliance with
the ‘Vopak Vital’ program was initiated to encourage the International Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)
physical exercise. mandated by the United States. Protection is
assured via the implementation of physical fencing
Additional information

and cameras, surveillance by security officers and

guards, and audits following the ISPS protocol.
38 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Operational leadership

Introduction
As we are becoming more reliant on information Best practice sharing

Executive Board report
technology and have adopted a strategy to further Application of best practices is an essential aspect,
digitize our terminals, cybersecurity is an important especially for a network organization where rich local
topic on our digital agenda. Cybersecurity breaches knowledge is leveraged globally. The basic approach
can lead to corruption of our systems by viruses and is to gather learnings and experiences from both
malware, loss of data or disruption of our operations good and bad outcomes, and share this across
either through intentional attacks, unintentional our network. This accelerates learning and prevents
accidents or disasters. Another important aspect of the recurrence of incidents.
security concerns data integrity and data security.
The exchange of data between our operating Designing and building our facilities is one of

Storing vital products

entities and external entities has increased thereby our competitive strengths. In our design toolkit,

with care
introducing new risks. We have increased our focus we have our global standards and repeatable
on customer data and personnel data, through the formula. Additionally, we follow our Vopak Project
development and roll-out of a privacy policy. Management (VPM) standard, which secures
Breaches of physical security, cybersecurity and loss the necessary peer reviews. These standards
or improper exchange of sensitive data can lead to are continuously updated. In 2017, we formally
operational disruptions, have an impact on our trained 309 individuals on our VPM version 8.0.
reputation and ultimately have a financial impact.
The most effective sharing of learnings has been

Key developments
To combat cyber threats and to protect data, we have within the area of safety, primarily driven by our

per division
defined and implemented an Information Technology ambition for zero incidents. We can quickly distribute
Control Framework that defines (cybersecurity) alerts from incidents and high potential near misses.
controls, which enables the proper operation and
protection of our information technology systems. Safety performance and learnings are shared globally
We use a risk-based approach to secure our every two to three months. We expanded this in 2017
IT systems in combination with the Vopak minimum to include sharing of technical learnings and alerts
security standard. We also use external companies partly through our Learning system, and partly through
to monitor the protection of our IT systems. We have separate safety alerts. Knowledge management is

Sustainability
initiated a comprehensive cybersecurity program, an area on which we intend to focus more in 2018.
named COINS, that addresses the convergence of In addition, we are developing internal indicators to
IT and OT (Operational Technology). The program monitor our progress in sharing best practices.
addresses infrastructure security, access control,
awareness and monitoring, including a review of
legacy plant control systems.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Singapore

Key developments
per division
terminals use
innovative sensors

Sustainability
“An innovative Vopak Banyan and Sakra terminals recently implemented the use of
a Semiotic Labs sensor to help detect early signs of pump failure.
way of monitoring The pilot project led by our Innovation team will help to further improve

Governance, risk
pump health and compliance
the pump maintenance strategy of the two terminals.

status” This sensor derives a physical vibration profile of the pump from high
frequency (20 kHz) power usage measurements that are performed
in the switch house, outside any areas where hazardous explosive
atmospheres can occur. The sensor measures continuously and is
connected to the supplier’s cloud platform where analysis of the data
is being performed by an algorithm that predicts the time and type of
Financial Statements

pump failures.

The sensor was first tested earlier in the year at the Vopak Terminal
Chemiehaven before implementation began on a larger scale in
Singapore. The sensors have been installed on 51 pumps at Sakra
and eight pumps at Banyan terminal that run 24/7 and the algorithm
has been enriched with data that was collected. The results will be
benchmarked against their current maintenance strategy and evaluated.
Additional information
40 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Service leadership

Executive Board report
Offering

Storing vital products

distinct value

with care
through a
trusted
network

Key developments
per division
A global network with strong Balanced portfolio of customers
partnerships Through our network, we provide storage and related
Vopak offers a trusted network with service handling services for liquid bulk products and gases.
leadership to a variety of customers. Our customers Our customers are active in energy, manufacturing
appreciate a global network of terminals connecting and food supply chains with activities ranging from
production and demand centers and global trade exploration and production to trade and distribution.
markets. Vopak covers the connection with all major Among our customers are large international oil and

Sustainability
shipping lanes and is present in major ports. gas companies, national oil and chemical companies,
Our customers’ products are valuable and, in some chemical producers, traders, distributors and
cases, intrinsically dangerous. This means they need organizations responsible for holding strategic stocks
to be handled with proper care to assure product in connection with the security of the energy supply
integrity and minimize risk to people and negative as part of national security. The value drivers of their
exposure to the environment. Our customers require businesses vary and they rely on our services for
care for products in a consistent way. No matter shorter or longer periods. This provides a balanced
where in the world, we apply the same know-how portfolio with a variety of customers that entrust
and experience to develop, build, operate and their vital products to Vopak to be stored and handled

Governance, risk
and compliance
maintain terminals. The cooperation with local with care.
partners allows us to combine international operating
standards with local in-depth market knowledge.
We continue to be successful in establishing new
partnerships, such as the announced development
of the gas export terminal in western Canada
together with a strong local partner.
Financial Statements

Serving our customers

Customers Solutions Network Service

Additional information
41 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Service leadership

Introduction
Successful service delivery Crucial elements are efficiency improvements

Executive Board report
Key to a successful service delivery is adding value and the ease of doing business. The application
to the supply chain of our customers. We do so in of global terms and conditions drives an efficient
the safest and most efficient way, thus contributing to commercial contracting process. At the same time,
their success. Offering a high level of service requires we facilitate tailor-made solutions for specific
a thorough understanding of our customers’ critical situations. Our capabilities in digital connectivity for
business issues and their ambitions to develop their the exchange of day-to-day and periodic information
business even further. It is crucial to determine the creates transparency and instant information
specific service expectations for each customer. in our service delivery. A prime example is the
development of 'MyVopak', a customer-friendly portal

Storing vital products

We engage with our customers in regular business providing accurate data and relevant information

with care
and operational review meetings in order to our customers, to track and follow activities.
to determine expectations and ensure our service
delivery meets their expectations. Moreover,
we regularly gauge the satisfaction level of our
customers through surveys. This engagement
provides us with the tools and insights to realign
our ambitions in service delivery and to stay focused
on what is important and valued by our customers.

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
42 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Technology leadership

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Unparalleled
opportunities

with care
for sustainable
value creation

Key developments
per division
Digital transformation is recognized Our cloud-computing initiatives are improving
as a driver of sweeping change in the business agility by breaking down silos of corporate
business functions. Big data and advanced analytics
world around us, yet our industry’s are helping us with analyzing large quantities of data
approach to digital transformation is from disparate sources, and generating real-time
expected to be evolutionary rather insights. Being able to work real-time will contribute
to a more safe operational environment as well as
than revolutionary. Developments in

Sustainability
further optimizations of our processes within and
technologies such as the cloud, social outside our terminals interacting with a variety of
media, sensors, blockchain, big data stakeholders such as customers, customs, logistic
service providers and port authorities. Sensor
and analytics are driving trends that technologies at our terminals are supplying new
have immense potential. These trends insights to operate more safely as well as enabling
provide Vopak with unparalleled predictive maintenance and real-time energy savings.
Mobile technology enables new operational business
opportunities for sustainable value scenarios, while social channels enhance

Governance, risk
and compliance
creation, while at the same time relationships with customers by potentially making
presenting key business challenges these connections quicker, more direct and cheaper.

to overcome in the short- to mid-term. A culture of innovation and

technology adoption
Within Vopak, digital transformation is sponsored
Digitalization as an enabler from the top. We have a clear vision, committing an
Since the first industrial revolution, our industry has appropriate level of funding and resources, and at
Financial Statements

played a pivotal role in the economic transformation the same time actively championing the change
of the world, fuelling the need for heat, light and management effort associated with it. We aim to
mobility of the world’s population. Today, we have drive a culture of innovation and technology adoption
the opportunity to redefine boundaries through and continue to be open to new ideas and ways of
digitalization, which we see as an enabler to tackle working. We invest in human capital and development
challenges and provide value to all stakeholders. programs that promote new, digital thinking.
Ultimately, a digital-savvy workforce is both
a fundamental enabler of transformation and
Additional information

a key driver for maximizing value capture.

43 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Technology leadership

Introduction
Digitalization is not about reducing headcount, but it Data management

Executive Board report
is about making operations safer and more efficient. Data is at the heart of our digital transformation, so
For example, we successfully executed tank the harmonization, integration and interoperability
inspections and tank cleaning in 2017 with the of our data platforms are critical. As such, we have
support of robotics as an enhancement to our developed a new Vopak data architecture to meet
employees’ safety when working in confined spaces. future demands for large amounts of data, while
Digitalization will create new jobs, but it will also taking into account the risks around data privacy and
change the type and nature of jobs. security, including cybersecurity.

Digital capabilities Given our reliance on information technology systems

Storing vital products

While we consider digitalization to be an enabler of for our operations, we continuously monitor external

with care
positive change, we are at the same time exposed to developments and share information on threats and
the challenges of building sufficient digital capabilities. security incidents. Vopak employees and contract
For that reason, we have put in place a methodical staff are subject to mandatory courses and regular
approach for developing and/or industrializing new awareness campaigns aimed at protecting us against
capabilities. This includes decisions about whether cyber threats. We periodically review and adapt
to build or buy capabilities. our disaster recovery plans and security response
processes, and seek to enhance our security
In 2015, we decided to strategically develop our own monitoring capability. In 2017, we successfully

Key developments
software for planning and execution in house on an executed our global COINS (Converged OT/IT Network

per division
innovative low code development platform. Our first Securely) program and successfully centralized our
terminal has been operational with this new software network and security services. These initiatives
since 2016 and we are working on migrating other ensure that our IT security remains at a high level.
terminals over the next three years as a part of a
program-management approach called MOVES. This Vopak continuously seeks to create a more open,
allows us to scale up technology and digital platforms. standardized and cost effective OT and IT landscape.
This includes among others the further outsourcing
and ongoing reductions of the number of OT and

Sustainability
IT systems.

Reference is made to our Risk Management and

Internal Control paragraph, which discusses the risks
related to the delivery of OT/IT systems, as well as
the scope and nature of the services delivered by
these systems.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
44 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
People
leadership

Executive Board report
We aim to

Storing vital products

inspire and

with care
challenge
our people

Key developments
per division
We are dedicated to demonstrate Talent attraction and retention
leadership in this ever-changing world, Attracting, developing and retaining talent are critical
to our success. Vopak’s environment is changing
which means adapting and organizing rapidly so different skills and backgrounds are needed,
our company to meet the new needs now and in the future. At the same time, we need to
of the future. We aim to inspire and retain critical skills to build on our existing experience
and knowledge. This is even more challenging outside
challenge our people, without losing

Sustainability
Europe where the Vopak brand is less visible and
sight of our strong core competencies known outside the industry. These are often the
and values. countries of high growth or higher growth potential.

Sharing the Vopak Values Care for Safety, Health & Environment
Our business environment has become increasingly Sustainability is at the core of every decision
competitive and volatile, with additional governance
and legal requirements to adhere to. These

Governance, risk
and compliance
developments make it even more important to Integrity
reinforce our Vopak Values, since these values We can look ourselves in the mirror every day
support us in making decisions in difficult
circumstances.
Team spirit
We have reemphasized the importance of our We work together, we excel together
Vopak Values during 2017 and further clarified
the linkage with our Code of Conduct. A Code of
Financial Statements

Conduct communication campaign was started in Commitment

the Americas division, which will be followed up by We say what we do and we do what we say
a company-wide campaign in 2018. A new Code of
Conduct training program has been developed and
all Vopak employees will be attending this training Agility
program every two years as of 2018. We learn, adjust, improve and change

Privacy protection of all Vopak employees is part

Additional information

of Vopak’s Code of Conduct and details have been

described in the Vopak Privacy Manual, based on
(European) legislation and validated and confirmed by
the European Data Protection Supervisor and several
Vopak Works Councils.
45 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  People leadership

Introduction
Our core approach to talent management is having Diversity

Executive Board report
a strong development focus and facilitating learning Vopak is a company that operates in many countries.
on the job, which also allows us to rejuvenate our Therefore, our workforce is very diverse in terms
workforce. Another important program that we have of nationalities, ethnicity, gender, beliefs, age,
used successfully is our Management Trainee program. educational background, competencies and skills.
Increasing diversity reflects the society we live in,
We believe in growing careers internally and therefore ensures that all employees can develop their potential
we focus as much as possible on recruitment to the full and improves the way we solve problems.
from within the company where possible to fill Furthermore, it widens our access to talent while at
our vacancies. the same time contributing to retention.

Storing vital products

People development

with care
The oil and gas sector traditionally has an imbalance
Our people development efforts are all geared in terms of gender representation, and therefore
towards having the right people with the right a very basic route to widen our access to talent
skills in the right place at the right time in order is to focus on this issue.
to strengthen our organization and enable further
growth. Opportunities for growth and development Our experience in increasing talent diversity in other
are also a key component for retention of our staff. dimensions such as nationalities, ethnicity and
background comes with varying degrees of success.

Key developments
Our performance review process not only focuses Our intent has always been a well-balanced

per division
on measuring past performance, but also steering international representation in our global operations.
long-term development. Many Vopak employees Our global leadership is mainly comprised of
participate in this process. In 2017, we introduced Dutch nationals, a majority of whom have extensive
a new performance management process, which is international experience. For many years now, our
more simple than the previous one and has a stronger terminal and divisional management teams have been
focus on performance delivery and the Vopak Values. composed of different nationalities, many of which
with Dutch as a minority.
Development needs are identified and translated

Sustainability
into plans based on a yearly cycle. This development As a network company, many individuals within
process includes job rotation, which allows teams a local team have the opportunity to participate
to rejuvenate either with people from other positions regionally and globally. Short-term as well as
within Vopak or external hires. long-term assignments outside one’s own home
country are common. This development opportunity
We have made further efforts to strengthen leadership will also provide returns in terms of sharing best
development through a new program called LEAD practices and experience globally, in addition to
(Leadership Excellence And Development). We believe meeting both business and career enrichment needs.
that leadership behavior is crucial in embedding

Governance, risk
and compliance
and sustaining the Vopak Values in the organization. Compensation and benefits
The Vopak leadership profile is therefore based on Vopak’s compensation philosophy is to provide
the Vopak Values. market-competitive pay and benefits while rewarding
employees for their individual performance.
Critical capabilities At the same time, the company constantly aims
Vopak encourages continuous improvement and to maintain a balance between costs and market
innovation. We have identified areas of focus which are competitiveness. The organization’s compensation
strategically important but where we are traditionally package includes a base salary and may include
Financial Statements

less well-equipped as an organization, or where incentives, such as cash bonuses and share-based
our internal development pipeline lacks capacity. compensation for senior management. It also
Technology leadership is one of those strategic focus includes comprehensive benefits, which vary by
areas, which we believe will support future success. country, depending on the local market practice
One of the most notable achievements in 2017 was and the tax and social security structure.
the successful development of cloud-based solutions
to support our core Finance, Procurement and Vopak has a non-discriminatory compensation policy,
HR execution processes. which is based purely on the requirements of the job
Additional information

and the experience and competencies of the individual.

The team that developed this consisted of a group
of internal professionals (with in-depth knowledge of
our processes) in combination with external experts
familiar with the new technology.
46 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  People leadership

Introduction
Living wage Human rights

Executive Board report
Vopak supports the ‘living wage’ principle in the Vopak respects human rights as described in
United Nation’s Universal Declaration on Human the United Nations (UN) Universal Declaration
Rights including that everyone who works, has the of Human Rights, the UN Guiding Principles
right to just and favorable remuneration. Vopak seeks on Business and Human Rights and the OECD
to pay fair wages meeting or exceeding the amount Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and accepts
for basic living needs in line with its UN Global the responsibility to ensure that all our entities
Compact commitment. Living Wages focus on respect human rights when conducting business.
meeting basic living needs for associates and their
families, where legal minimum wages tend to focus Major investment proposals are required to be

Storing vital products

on poverty levels for individuals. screened for human rights issues. Our screening is

with care
based on the country in which the project is being
During 2017, we reviewed the salary data for carried out and the characteristics of the investment
all Vopak employees in 24 countries, excluding proposal. The screening includes an assessment of
Venezuela. In all the countries reviewed, with the areas where the risks of human rights issues are
the exception of one, we have concluded from high. For these projects, specific agreements are
our review that wages are meeting or exceeding made between all the stakeholders in the project
the ‘living wage’ for that particular country and/or which detail the manner in which parties will uphold
region. In one country, we found exceptions which human rights.

Key developments
have subsequently been addressed.

per division
All partners, contractors and suppliers are required
Venezuela was excluded from the living wage survey to adhere to the Vopak Code of Conduct, which also
due to the lack of official indicators and no accurate covers human rights.
benchmarks available to measure basic work and
humanitarian dimensions as a result of the continuing Labor rights
economic crisis in 2017. In line with the aforementioned UN Guiding Principles
on Business and Human Rights and OECD Guidelines
Enhancing HR capabilities for Multinational Enterprises, we base our labor rights

Sustainability
We continued with the implementation of a new global commitments on the International Covenant on Civil
HR infrastructure platform in 2017, of which certain and Political Rights, on the International Covenant
elements were already implemented in 2016. on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and on the
This platform, which we call MyPulse, serves as fundamental rights set out in the International Labor
a springboard for employees to steer their own Organization’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles
performance, targets, training and career optimally and Rights at Work.
and it also enables line managers to obtain in-depth
and relevant insight into all details of their organization. We seek to uphold these rights in our operations and
MyPulse has been rolled out globally in most Vopak in our relationships with our suppliers, our business

Governance, risk
and compliance
entities reaching over 4,500 employees and has partners, works councils and unions within the
standardized and simplified all key HR processes. boundaries of local laws and regulations. Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Trainees paving

Key developments
per division
the way for
innovation

Sustainability
“Seeking out ways With our management trainee program, 25 young trainees are placed
at various locations within the company and tasked with taking on
to increase our a challenge that cannot easily be solved with existing technology.

Governance, risk
agility in the and compliance
The trainees are expected to explore and find out what the innovation
market has to offer.

ever-changing Through the exploration of the innovation market, our trainees find
market” solutions for the specific challenges and implement a proof of concept
(POC). The POC is then submitted and a process begins to implement
this solution in the business via a pilot program.
Financial Statements

Some of the POCs that our trainees have developed this year include
VR glasses for working on pipe maintenance and robotic tank inspections
with drones, both technologies are designed to improve efficiency
and safety.

Our market is changing and with the inevitable energy transition and
developments in digital technology, we need to seek out ways to
increase our agility in the ever-changing market. Our management
Additional information

trainees help us do just that by positioning us better in the market,

with an even better service.
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
Key developments
per division

Europe, Middle East & Africa

Netherlands
Overview

Americas
LNG
Asia
49 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Overview

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
A global

with care
company
organized in five
divisions

Key developments
per division
Capacity per division

2% Capacity per division

11%
28% In million cbm 2017 2016
 Netherlands 10.0 10.0
 EMEA 8.7 8.5
35%  Asia 12.5 11.5
 Americas 3.9 3.9
24%  LNG 0.8 0.8

Sustainability
NL EMEA Asia Total Vopak 35.9 34.7
Americas LNG

EBITDA per division

4%
16%
EBITDA per division
32% In EUR million, -excluding exceptional items- 2017 2016
 Netherlands 249.4 286.5
 EMEA 106.1 121.1

Governance, risk
 Asia 274.1 296.7

and compliance
35%  Americas 129.9 120.5
13%
 LNG 33.1 28.0
NL EMEA Asia
Americas LNG Global functions, corporate activities and other -29.4 -30.5
Total Vopak 763.2 822.3

Original contract duration

Original contract duration

Financial Statements

21%
In percentage of revenues 2017 2016
  Contracts < 1 year 21 23
44%
  Contracts 1-3 years 35 32
  Contracts > 3 years 44 45
Total Vopak 100 100
35%

< 1 year 1-3 years > 3 years

Additional information

Note: Vopak further streamlined its divisional structure per 1 January 2018. Going forward,
this will result in a situation where Vopak will report the following five divisions: Europe & Africa,
Asia & Middle East, China & North Asia, Americas and LNG.
50 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Netherlands

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Investing in

with care
the integrity and
modernization
of our assets

Key developments
per division
Vopak Netherlands operates ten biofuels and gases, demand for storage was more
terminals, located in Rotterdam, or less in line with 2016.”

Vlaardingen, Amsterdam, Eemshaven Sustainability

and Vlissingen. Besides its terminals, “We continued our focus on the improvement
Vopak Netherlands also offers agency of our safety and sustainability performance.
Investing in people and their capabilities as well in
services via a network of offices in

Sustainability
our assets is a key success factor in this process.
Northwest Europe and Singapore. We continuously strive to live up to the confidence of
all our stakeholders, inch by inch, every day. Despite
our efforts, both our personal safety performance
Jan Bert Schutrops, Division President Netherlands: measured by the total incident rate as well as process
safety performance measured by the process safety
Market developments event rate worsened compared to 2016. This has only
“Compared with 2016, the story for us this year strengthened our efforts to make sure we continue
is mainly about unfavorable fuel oil markets. to improve our long-term performance. Noteworthy

Governance, risk
and compliance
Significantly less fuel oil was received in Rotterdam is that various investments have been successfully
as, unlike previous years, arbitrage to Singapore executed to reduce emissions and to improve the
offered limited opportunities for our customers. energy efficiency of our operations.”
Combined with forward prices for fuel oil being
lower than prompt pricing, demand for fuel oil storage Highlights of 2017
decreased significantly. Fuel oil revenues declined “We continued to invest in the integrity and
gradually during the year as long-term contracts modernization of our assets in order to improve our
agreed in previous years expired. However, we did service offering to our customers. For instance, we
Financial Statements

experience a pick up in interest for short-term fuel started with the expansion of our jetty infrastructure
oil storage towards the end of 2017. of our Westpoort terminal to further improve the
capabilities of this high throughput terminal. Capacity
With regard to other oil products, support for storage for seagoing vessels as well as for barges will be
was lower in 2017 compared to the previous year significantly increased once the new jetties will
as markets were in backwardation. Nevertheless, be put in service towards the end of 2018.
apart from fuel oil, utilization rates for crude and
oil products were similar to 2016. For chemicals, After our successful partial divestment of our
Additional information

the more challenging market conditions in the second shareholding in Vopak Terminal Eemshaven,
half of 2016 continued in the first half of 2017 after we continued to manage and operate this modern
which interest in chemical storage improved leading storage terminal for strategic storage in the north
to a stronger second half of the year. For vegoils, of the Netherlands.
51 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Netherlands

Introduction
Total Injury Rate (TIR) Process Safety Events Rate (PSER)

In 200,000 hours worked for In 200,000 hours worked for

own personnel and contractors 1.23 own personnel and contractors

1.23 0.61

Executive Board report
0.61
0.47 0.41

2017 2016 2017 2016

Original contract duration

The Netherlands
29%
34%

10

Storing vital products

with care
37% Number of terminals

<1 year 1-3 years > 3 years

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Revenues 471.6 496.4

Operating profit before

depreciation and amortisation
(EBITDA) 1 249.4 286.5
Operating profit (EBIT) 1 140.5 180.8
Average gross assets 2,396.5 2,272.1
Average capital employed 1,253.6 1,205.0
Occupancy rate subsidiaries 90% 95%
Storage capacity (cbm) 9,966,600 10,010,300

Sustainability
1. Excluding exceptional items.

The decision was taken in 2017 to change Vopak’s Jan Bert Schutrops (51) is President of Vopak
divisional structure whereby Vopak Netherlands will Netherlands. He studied Economics and holds an
join forces with all other terminals in Europe and MBA from IMD in Lausanne. Jan Bert has held
Africa, creating a new and streamlined Europe & various management positions in the Netherlands,
Africa division.” the UK, Malaysia and China within Vopak.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Performance
“The differences in the financial results in 2017 2018 and beyond
compared to 2016 are largely due to an unfavorable “With sufficient storage capacity already available
market for fuel oil. The full effect of these market to serve markets, combined with announced capacity
conditions became gradually visible in our financial additions by competitors, we expect an increased
results as long-term contracts expired during the competitive environment going forward in
course of 2017. the Netherlands. Therefore, it is key to further
differentiate ourselves from our competitors in
Financial Statements

Apart from the challenging fuel oil market, chemical order to maintain our competitive edge. We will
revenues were under pressure largely due to focus on having the right assets in the right place,
infrastructural challenges at our chemical terminals, with the right organization and capabilities.
which are in the process of being resolved.
As a result, a part of our chemical capacity was We expect 2018 to be another challenging year
not available for our customers during the year.” for fuel oil storage in Rotterdam, yet we remain
optimistic in the new market opportunities that it
brings, which will become more visible towards
Additional information

the implementation date of IMO 2020.”

52 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Europe, Middle East
& Africa

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Facilitating

with care
the transition
to cleaner
fuels

Key developments
per division
Vopak EMEA operates 14 terminals. to diversify their oil and gas portfolios to include
In Europe, these are located in Belgium, more refined products and petrochemicals, in a
region geared for the export markets. We managed
Germany, Spain and Estonia. It has five to capture some of these flows at our facilities in
terminals in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, also contributing to a slight increase
Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United in imports at our terminals in Belgium and Spain.
The economic climate for the chemicals industry in
Arab Emirates. Vopak EMEA also

Sustainability
Europe is improving, which is a positive development
operates a terminal in South Africa. in a mature market where competition remains fierce.”

Sustainability
Dick Meurs, Division President EMEA: “We experienced two tragic incidents in 2017. Early
in the year, there was a contractor fatality at Vopak
Market developments Terminal ACS (Belgium). In September, there was
“Optimization of the supply chain remains a key another contractor fatality at Vopak Terminal Hamburg
topic for our customers. Fuel distribution is still (Germany). These incidents are a tough reminder

Governance, risk
and compliance
growing in mature markets, especially by rail from to us all that we have to stay focused and continue
our Hamburg terminal to neighboring countries in to work hard in order to further improve our safety
Central and Eastern Europe. Also in emerging culture, systems and hardware. Safety Improvement
markets, such as South Africa, we see an increasing Plans are finalized taking into account the outcomes
demand for petroleum products and, together of the culture surveys and are being put into
with our partners, we are working on facilitating execution to realize a safer working environment.”
the transition to cleaner fuels.
Highlights 2017
Financial Statements

The continuing refinery upgrade trend in Russia “I am particularly pleased with the progress made
combined with the IMO 2020 implementation was at our terminal in South Africa. Together with our
the cause of uncertainty in the bunker and fuel oil partners and key customers, we celebrated the
market in 2017. This had some impact on occupancy commissioning of an expansion project in Vopak
rates and pricing levels at our terminals in Spain and Terminal Durban. At the same time, we also took two
the UAE. The reduction in fuel oil supply from Russia, new investment decisions. First, to further expand
combined with the current geopolitical situation, our fuel distribution capabilities in Durban and
continued to negatively affect the volumes at our second, to construct a new inland terminal in Lesedi,
Additional information

terminal in Estonia. close to Johannesburg. This terminal in Lesedi will

be connected to our Durban terminal via a pipeline
The Middle East continues to adjust its strategic plans in order to improve the security of fuel supply in the
to the reality of an improving but ‘lower-for-longer’ Gauteng province (including two of the country’s
crude outlook. Major suppliers of crude oil are looking largest cities, Johannesburg and Pretoria).
53 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Europe, Middle East & Africa

Introduction
Total Injury Rate (TIR) Process Safety Events Rate (PSER)

In 200,000 hours worked for In 200,000 hours worked for

own personnel and contractors own personnel and contractors

1.02 0.49

Executive Board report
1.02

0.65
0.49
0.21
2017 2016 2017 2016

Original contract duration

5%
Europe, Middle East & Africa

14

Storing vital products

35%

with care
60%

Number of terminals

<1 year 1-3 years > 3 years

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Revenues 176.3 189.9

Operating profit before

depreciation and amortisation
(EBITDA) 1 106.1 121.1
Operating profit (EBIT) 1 61.9 80.3
Average gross assets 1,189.3 1,115.9
Average capital employed 800.8 771.9
Occupancy rate subsidiaries 92% 96%
Storage capacity (cbm) 8,737,000 8,478,900

Sustainability
1. Excluding exceptional items.

Furthermore, in order to help advance the service Dick Meurs (56) is President of Vopak EMEA.
levels of our inland distribution infrastructure within He has a degree in Civil Engineering. Dick has held
our chemical hub in Belgium, the decision was taken various management positions in the maritime and
to upgrade and expand the railway capabilities of logistics industry in Asia, Europe and Latin America.
Vopak Terminal ACS. An improvement of the capacity
of the railway infrastructure in Vopak Terminal

Governance, risk
and compliance
Hamburg was also approved.” 2018 and beyond
“Further streamlining of Vopak’s divisional structures
Performance 2017 resulted in the formation of Europe & Africa, Asia &
“The overall service levels to our customers, our Middle East, and effectively, the dissolvement of the
frontline execution, improved in a number of operating EMEA division. This will be impactful for many people
companies. The project execution of a number of working at the divisional office as well as the
improvements in the existing terminals continued terminals. Looking forward, I am confident that the
and is demonstrating the commitment of the division successful integration with the Netherlands and Asia
Financial Statements

to continuously strive for the highest customer division will help optimize our cost competitiveness,
satisfaction and safety levels in our operations. while capturing new opportunities to improve
In order to support our ambition to grow our business revenues at our terminals.
in the Middle East and Africa, additional investments
were made in resources and in developing Safety and customer service will remain key priorities
competencies and strategies to improve the for 2018. We will continue to pay close attention
effectiveness of the business development activities.” to the process safety improvements at our terminals
and optimized use of our reporting systems. At the
Additional information

same time, competition is increasing, especially in

Antwerp and Rotterdam, putting pressure on tariffs
and showing the need to have best-in-class
infrastructure.”
54 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Asia

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Changing

with care
energy mix
and growing
demand

Key developments
per division
Vopak Asia operates 22 terminals. Sustainability
These are widely spread and are located “Our continuous efforts in safety have resulted in an
overall good performance. However, we are not
in India, China, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, resting on our laurels and will continue the current
Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and initiatives with the objective to prevent incidents and
Australia. we will focus on promoting a strong safety culture in
our operating companies and among our contractors.

Sustainability
I am proud that several of our terminals booked
Dick Richelle, Division President Asia: significant achievements in 2017. Sakra (Singapore)
and Thailand completed over 10 years without an LTI
Market developments while Kandla (India), Singapore and Kertih (Malaysia)
“While the overall demand for oil products continued secured external safety excellence awards. We have
to grow in Asia, we faced temporary pressure in the also embarked on regional sustainability initiatives
Singapore Straits from the less favorable oil market on energy and waste reduction to minimize our
structure, new storage capacity added to the market environmental footprint.
and availability of floating storage as an alternative

Governance, risk
and compliance
to land-based storage. In addition, we supported a number of projects in the
local communities in which we operate. For example,
China’s self-sufficiency for chemical production in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam,
continued to put pressure on trade flows. However, we helped young people develop skills and knowledge
competitive feedstock and high refinery runs have through enrichment courses and training.”
given a boost to our chemical business in the region.
End markets with structural deficit continued to see Highlights of 2017
a rise in import flows of commodity and specialty “Vopak announced the expansion of Pengerang
Financial Statements

chemicals supported by expanding economies and Independent Terminals Sdn Bhd (PITSB) by 430,000
growing populations, such as in India and Indonesia.” cubic meters to a total of 1.7 million cubic meters.
This expansion is aimed at addressing the changing
energy mix and the growing structural need for clean
petroleum products in Asia. In line with the Maritime
Port Authority of Singapore’s (MPA) vision to increase
port efficiency, Sebarok Terminal Singapore launched
concurrent bunkering in October 2017. This service
Additional information

will significantly reduce the time required to refuel

tankers and decongest the port.
55 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Asia

Introduction
Total Injury Rate (TIR) Process Safety Events Rate (PSER)

In 200,000 hours worked for In 200,000 hours worked for

own personnel and contractors own personnel and contractors

0.17 0.15

Executive Board report
0.17 0.13 0.15 0.10

2017 2016 2017 2016

Original contract duration

Asia
15%

22

Storing vital products

45%

with care
40%
Number of terminals

<1 year 1-3 years > 3 years

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Revenues 370.1 385.2

Operating profit before

depreciation and amortisation
(EBITDA) 1 274.1 296.7
Operating profit (EBIT) 1 210.3 230.4
Average gross assets 2,251.2 2,277.2
Average capital employed 1,337.3 1,407.6
Occupancy rate subsidiaries 88% 91%
Storage capacity (cbm) 12,463,000 11,487,900

Sustainability
1. Excluding exceptional items.

Our Pengerang Terminals (Two) Sdn Bhd (PT2SB) Dick Richelle (47) is President of Vopak
achieved two key milestones as it received the first Asia. After obtaining his degree in Business
LNG ship in August 2017 and signed the financing Economics, Dick joined Vopak and he has held
agreement of USD 1.25 billion on 12 December 2017. various management positions in the Netherlands
PT2SB is a 1.5 million cubic meter industrial terminal and the Americas region.
(currently under construction) with a deep-water

Governance, risk
and compliance
berth and 12 jetties being built to serve Refinery and
Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID).” 2018 and beyond
“As we begin 2018 with the new Asia & Middle East
Performance division covering Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
“A currently less favorable oil market structure Thailand, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the
reduced our EBITDA in comparison with 2016. United Arab Emirates, we have great opportunities
However, the impact was largely mitigated by an to drive a more cost competitive and service-driven
improving market for chemicals storage. Demand for organization while investing in future growth and
Financial Statements

base oil storage increased driven largely by improving digitalization.”

prices, increasing flows from China and refinery
expansion in Singapore. Other chemicals have
benefited from lower feedstock prices resulting
in storage demand by manufacturers.”
Additional information
56 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Americas

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
Dynamic
market offering

with care
interesting
opportunities

Key developments
per division
Vopak Americas operates 18 terminals consisted of a series of activities whereby Vopak
of which four terminals in the United employees were able to teach values and skills to
the participants and bring them into contact with
States, four in Canada, three in Brazil, the outside world. In Brazil, we continued to support
three in Mexico, two in Colombia, the Vila Alemoa community through various activities
one in Venezuela and one in Panama. including teaching English and Spanish to children
and youngsters and instilling the value of respect

Sustainability
for different cultures. All of these projects are
Boudewijn Siemons, Division President Americas: supported through Vopak’s WeConnect foundation.

Market developments To further reduce our energy use in Savannah (United

“Vopak Americas continued to operate in a dynamic States) we launched a new project called ‘Atomiton’.
market that offers interesting opportunities. On the This project comprises the implementation of new
one hand, Latin American countries, which are software, with which the terminal can obtain insight
sometimes volatile, offered opportunities through into its energy usage, improve its predictive
deregulation of fuel imports. On the other hand, capabilities, and save up to 25% in energy costs.

Governance, risk
and compliance
North America’s continued shale play provided Such improvements contribute to our commitment
stimulating outlooks on chemicals, gases and to reducing our environmental footprint through
oil products. Our overall expectation is that fit-for-purpose reduction plans.”
intercontinental and regional trade flows will
continue to support our existing businesses and Highlights of 2017
to provide opportunities for expansion.” “We are pleased with the safety records we achieved
during this year; however, we will never be completely
Sustainability satisfied. The safety of our people, terminals and
Financial Statements

“We reemphasized the importance of compliance neighboring areas will always be our top priority.
through an awareness campaign aimed at providing
guidance to employees on how to conduct We entered into a 30% joint venture at the start of
themselves and make sound business decisions. 2017 to invest in the development of the Ridley Island
Propane Export Terminal (RIPET), located near Prince
We also extended our support towards the local Rupert, British Columbia, and will be the first propane
communities in which we operate. In the United export facility off the west coast of Canada. We also
States, we partnered with Junior Achievement, one decided to expand our wholly-owned terminal in
Additional information

of the world’s largest youth-serving NGOs, to provide Alemoa (Brazil). These investments will strengthen
young people with the knowledge and skill set to help Vopak’s position as an independent import and export
make smart academic and economic choices. We also location for fuels.
hosted a summer workshop in Mexico, for young
people between the ages of 7 and 19. This workshop
57 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Americas

Introduction
Total Injury Rate (TIR) Process Safety Events Rate (PSER)

In 200,000 hours worked for In 200,000 hours worked for

own personnel and contractors own personnel and contractors

0.18 0.09

Executive Board report
0.18 0.51
0.36 0.09

2017 2016 2017 2016

Original contract duration

Americas
23%

18

Storing vital products

50%

with care
27%
Number of terminals

<1 year 1-3 years > 3 years

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Revenues 286.0 273.8

Operating profit before

depreciation and amortisation
(EBITDA) 1 129.9 120.5
Operating profit (EBIT) 1 83.4 76.2
Average gross assets 949.0 928.3
Average capital employed 509.5 499.2
Occupancy rate subsidiaries 89% 91%
Storage capacity (cbm) 3,893,900 3,883,100

Sustainability
1. Excluding exceptional items.

Following Mexico’s energy reform, we are proud to Boudewijn Siemons (53) is President of Vopak
state that Vopak Mexico obtained the first issued Americas. He graduated from the Royal Netherlands
permit for a private terminal to provide services to oil Naval College and obtained a degree in Mechanical
companies. In the United States’ Gulf Coast, we are Engineering. Boudewijn joined Vopak in 2006 and
halfway done with the expansion of our chemical he has held several management positions in the
hub in Deer Park, Texas, which will further strengthen Netherlands, Europe and the Middle East.

Governance, risk
and compliance
our chemical position in this international hub.

Hurricane Harvey caused serious flooding in the Performance 2017

Houston Greater Area where the Deer Park terminal “I am pleased with our overall performance in 2017.
and the Americas headquarters are located. We have initiated strategic projects and have
Both locations took the necessary precautions in achieved cost and energy reductions. The effects of
preparation for the storm and the terminal followed a dynamic market environment were again partially
the emergency response plan. A special operating offset thanks to a well-balanced product mix and
Financial Statements

crew stayed at the terminal to monitor the situation geographic spread.”

on the ground during the hurricane. Thanks to the
hard work, dedication and courage of this crew, 2018 and beyond
the terminal was safeguarded and we were able to “In 2018 and beyond, safety will remain our top
continue to provide services to our customers under priority together with our customer-centric mentality.
extreme weather conditions. The crew carried out We will concentrate our efforts on being more cost
these duties while their own homes were threatened. effective, while innovating in our processes and
This shows the strong commitment of our employees continue to strengthen our growth projects.
Additional information

and the pride they take in fulfilling their duties and Additionally, we will continue to support the Vopak
caring for our customers.” culture by acting in accordance with our core
values and developing our leadership skills.”
58 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
LNG

Executive Board report
Expanding

Storing vital products

our target

with care
scope for new
expansion
projects

Key developments
per division
Vopak has earmarked storage and A second major challenge is the high percentage of
handling of gas as one of its strategic local wood and waste burning to provide households
with energy. Furthermore, action has to be taken to
focus areas and is therefore looking for realize the desired reduction of domestic coal fired
strategic opportunities to strengthen its power plants for environmental reasons. In the more
presence as a service provider in the developed economies there is a fourth reason for
new LNG demand being the decline of nuclear power
LNG infrastructure market. Vopak jointly

Sustainability
production. All these drivers are supporting the use
owns and operates two land-based of imported LNG for domestic gas consumption.”
storage and regasification terminals: the
Sustainability
Gate Terminal in the Port of Rotterdam “Providing LNG import infrastructure supports the
(the Netherlands), and the TLA terminal in use of LNG as a more environmentally friendly fuel
Altamira (Mexico) and is actively looking for the industry, for households and in ships. Both our
LNG terminals pay the highest attention to running
to expand its service offering in LNG. their operations in a sustainable manner. As methane

Governance, risk
and compliance
is a greenhouse gas, we strive to operate both our
Kees van Seventer, Division President Vopak LNG: terminals as zero-emission terminals, i.e. no natural
gas venting and/or flaring during normal operations.
Market developments Venting or flaring will then only occur during an
“The market landscape for LNG did not change occasional upset condition or due to a specific
dramatically in 2017, although the market was much maintenance outage. The Gate Terminal extracts the
more balanced than expected compared to 2016 heat required for the regasification process from the
due to strong growth in demand coming from China. cooling water from the nearby industry. This process
Financial Statements

Production and supply of LNG are expected to exceed represents additional savings for the environment as
demand for at least another five years or more, it utilizes the lost energy in the heated cooling water.”
depending on new to be announced liquefaction
projects. Highlights of 2017
“With regard to our growth efforts, there are a number
Vopak LNG’s current focus is on LNG import projects of notable events to look back at in 2017. We received
where the market is largely driven by demand for approval from the European Commission to set up
power production. This builds on a number of a joint venture and develop an LNG import facility in
Additional information

important market drivers such as the energy northern Germany. This decision was an important
transition in emerging markets. These markets are milestone within the feasibility study of the project
facing a number of significant energy challenges, we are currently conducting together with
for instance, the lack of reliable and sustainable our partners.
power production via wind, hydro-power and solar.
59 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  LNG

Introduction
Total Injury Rate (TIR) Process Safety Events Rate (PSER)

In 200,000 hours worked for In 200,000 hours worked for

own personnel and contractors own personnel and contractors

0.00 0.27

Executive Board report
0.00 0.25 0.27 0.25
2017 2016 2017 2016

LNG

Storing vital products

with care
Number of terminals

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Operating profit before
depreciation and amortisation
(EBITDA) 1 33.1 28.0
Operating profit (EBIT) 1 33.1 28.0
Average gross assets 171.0 161.6
Average capital employed 169.6 154.0
Storage capacity (cbm) 840,000 840,000
1. Excluding exceptional items.

Sustainability
After careful consideration, we also concluded that Kees van Seventer (51) is President of Vopak
the closing of the FSRU transaction with Exmar LNG. Kees studied Business Administration. He has
would no longer be pursued and called off the deal. held various management positions within Vopak,
The finalization of the deal was subject to consent including his previous role as Commercial President
and cooperation of multiple stakeholders which was of Royal Vopak.
not reached. Nevertheless, since then, we have

Governance, risk
and compliance
increased our business development efforts beyond
on-shore tank projects only. Infrastructure projects 2018 and beyond
including jetties and pipelines for industrial type LNG “We will continue with the steps that we have
projects are now also part of our target scope for taken to enhance and broaden our scope and
new expansion projects. This fits in nicely with the service offering and we will continue to focus on
expertise of our existing LNG regasification terminals, safety and sustainability at our existing terminals.
as well as our broad experience with the most reliable These terminals are well-positioned for their long-
industrial terminals and our extensive network of term future as the markets they serve have positive
Financial Statements

300 jetties worldwide. FSRU participation in such outlooks and we are in an excellent position to
projects is being considered in particular.” serve them. We have the ambition to become
the most successful LNG infrastructure company
Performance globally growing via greenfield and brownfield
“Our result from joint ventures improved and we projects, and acquisitions.”
continued to operate safely in 2017. The higher
EBITDA contribution is primarily the result of higher
revenues at Gate in Rotterdam, related to the
Additional information

enhanced break bulk infrastructure and services

at the terminal among others for marine bunkering,
improved results at the TLA terminal in Altamira
and lower business development costs compared
to last year.”
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Waterfront

Key developments
per division
upgrade for
Vopak ACS Antwerp

Sustainability
“The upgrade The Vopak ACS terminal in Antwerp, Belgium, successfully completed
its waterfront upgrade offering interconnection lines between its jetties
ensures flexibility and new jetty module. This new set-up ensures more flexibility and

Governance, risk
for our customers and compliance
optimization of jetty occupancy for our customers.

and safer And most importantly, operations will be safer to execute for staff,
surveyors and crews of barges and vessels. The ACS jetties will now
operations” be capable of handling deep-sea, coastal and inland water bound traffic
with sufficient connections between each other to efficiently spread
occupancy. The terminal is set up to be first-in-class for the storage
of Acetyls and HACCP products.
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Introduction
Sustainability

Executive Board report
Sustainability performance
Business to society
Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment
Basis of preparation

Storing vital products

Social (People)

with care
Environmental (Planet)
Financial and governance (Profit)

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
62 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Sustainability
performance

Executive Board report
Note 2017 2016 2015 2014

Social
Occupational health and safety 1
Fatalities, own employees and contractors 2 0 1 0

Storing vital products

Total Injury Rate (TIR), own employees and contractors
(per 200,000 hours worked) 0.38 0.29 0.39 0.39

with care
Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR), own employees and contractors
(per 200,000 hours worked) 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.13
Sickness absence rate own employees 2.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8%
Process safety 2
Process Safety Events Rate (PSER), own employees and
contractors (per 200,000 hours worked) 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.20
Total Tier 1 process safety events 10 12 9 12
Total Tier 2 process safety events 21 17 29 24

Key developments
Talent attraction and retention 3

per division
Annual training hours per employee 52 47 42 N.R.
Employee turnover rate 10.4% 16.7% 8.9% 8.8%
Diversity 4
Total number of employees (in headcount) 5,657 5,555 5,930 5,779
- Percentage of men 84% 85% 84% 85%
- Percentage of women 16% 15% 16% 15%

Environmental
VOC emissions 5

Sustainability
Total VOC emissions Q.R. Q.R. N.R. N.R.
Total NOx emissions (metric tons) 498 514 527 547
Total SOx emissions (metric tons) 3 3 3 13
Soil and groundwater pollution 6
Total number of reportable spills 58 44 N.R. N.R.
Total amount of reportable spills (metric tons) 1,011 776 894 260
Water pollution 7
Total number of reportable spills 1 9 N.R. N.R.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Total amount of reportable spills (metric tons) 1 18 N.R. N.R.
CO2 emissions (including energy use) 8
Direct carbon emissions - scope 1 (kiloton) 166 186 189 189
Indirect carbon emissions - scope 2 (kiloton) 235 240 260 231
Total carbon emissions (kiloton) 401 426 449 420
Total relative carbon emissions (kg/cbm) 12.3 13.7 14.3 14.2

Financial and governance

Financial Statements

Application of best practices 10 Q.R. Q.R. N.R. N.R.

(Cyber) security threats 11 Q.R. Q.R. N.R. N.R.
Business ethics and integrity 12

Number of fines from permit violations 2 2 3 2

Monetary value of fines from permit violations
(in EUR thousands) 2,124 96 27 10
Total number of incidents of discrimination, fraud,
corruption and bribery 8 3 12 2
Total number of vapor, odor and stench complaints 224 54 17 22
Additional information

Financial performance 13 Q.R. Q.R. N.R. N.R.

N.R. Not reported as not in sustainability reporting scope before 2016
Q.R. Only qualitative reporting
63 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Business to society

Executive Board report
Staying

Storing vital products

true to our

with care
business
ethics

Key developments
per division
We believe it is each citizen´s and each organization´s responsibility to do what they
can to maximize their contribution to and minimize their negative impact on society
and the environment.

To Vopak, this means creating value for all our stakeholders, from customers, business partners and investors,
to governments, local communities and society at large, without causing any human suffering or unacceptable
negative social and environmental impact, while living the Vopak Values and staying true to our business ethics.

Sustainability
Four centuries of corporate history can only be achieved by making long-term responsibility prevail over
short-term interests. At Vopak, we are working on being an integral part of the societies in which we operate
and – with our tradition of sustainable entrepreneurship – making a meaningful contribution to our stakeholders.
Our choices today must contribute to our long-term relevance to society.

The United Nations has set a common priority agenda for development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Governance, risk
and compliance
We have reviewed the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (SDGs) and their 169 sub-goals,
in order to determine where Vopak can make a positive, material contribution to their realization. Our approach
was threefold. First, we reviewed which goals best reflect what our stakeholders expect from us, what they
value us for: storing vital products with care. Second, we reviewed the goals and sub-goals against the key
sustainability topics of our materiality matrix, which we had defined in dialogues with our stakeholders.
Reference is made to Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment. Third, we analyzed where we
may contribute to realizing the goals embraced by the sectors in which we operate.
Financial Statements

This analysis led us to embrace four SDGs that correspond most with what Vopak stands for. We facilitate
access to energy and cleaner fuels and embrace the energy transition by exploring ways to develop solutions
for a low-carbon future (SDG 7 - Affordable and clean energy). In storing the vital products of today and
tomorrow, our first priority is always the safety of our people and neighbors (SDG 8 - Decent work and
economic growth) and minimizing any negative impacts on our environment, in particular reducing releases
to air, water and soil (SDG 12 - Responsible consumption and production). To realize our purpose, we maintain
and operate reliable and sustainable terminal infrastructure in ports around the world; this includes substantial
investments in digitization and new technology (SDG 9 -  Industry, innovation and infrastructure).
Additional information

Having defined these goals, our next step will be to establish what concrete targets we will pursue in years
to come to deliver on our commitment to the SDGs.
64 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Stakeholder
engagement and

Executive Board report
materiality assessment 

Storing vital products

Vopak aims for transparency and an open dialogue with its stakeholders.

with care
Transparency is key to creating trust. An open dialogue provides us with valuable
insights into our business and operating environments, and helps us to be
a responsive and responsible member of the communities in which we operate.

This section provides more detailed information on the stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment
process.

Key developments
per division
Stakeholder engagement
Throughout our organization, Vopak colleagues maintain direct and regular contact with a wide range
of stakeholders around the world, at a local, regional, national and international level.

Every two to three years, we ask our stakeholders directly about the key sustainability topics that they
want us to address. We performed the last materiality survey in 2016, as detailed on the next page and
in last year’s Annual Report. In 2017, we continued to focus on the key topics identified, in particular
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (reference is made to Note 5. VOC emissions). In parallel, continuous

Sustainability
contacts with our stakeholders allow us to detect other topics that did not appear clearly or were not yet
taken into account in the last materiality survey. In 2017, we focused on our role in and possible contribution
to the energy transition, as highlighted in the CEO statement.

Customers, suppliers, business partners, authorities and employees are stakeholder groups with whom we are
in continuous contact. Interaction with these groups is embedded in the daily work processes and subject to
regular review meetings. We ensure sustained engagement with and commitment of our employees through
the daily work relationships, training and human resources cycles (reference is made to People leadership), as
well as through a biannual employee engagement survey. Similarly, we assess customer needs not only through

Governance, risk
and compliance
face-to-face meetings, calls, e-mails and conferences, but we also measure customer satisfaction through our
yearly Net Promoter Score (NPS) survey. The aim of the employee and customer satisfaction surveys is to verify
the implementation of earlier suggestions, comments and recommendations, as well as to gather additional
feedback and detect new topics.

Invaluable information is also obtained from external and internal stakeholders through numerous audits.
These are initiated and carried out by Vopak itself (Global Insurance Audit, Assure Audit, Global Internal Audit,
Terminal Health Assessments or equivalent and Project Post Implementation Reviews) as well as
Financial Statements

by our customers and various authorities. These audits aim to validate control for internal purposes,
confirm the integrity of our terminals and processes, assess implementation plans and take corrective or
preventive measures.
Additional information
65 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment

Introduction
Participation in various benchmarks, as well as feedback from the organizations behind them, also triggers

Executive Board report
reflection and action on sustainability topics. One such example is questions posed by the Dutch Association
of Investors for Sustainable Development (VBDO), which prompted Vopak to review whether it does effectively
pay a living wage at all its locations. The outcome of this examination is presented in the People leadership
chapter of this Annual Report. Although benchmarks certainly have a clear added value, filling them out requires
time and effort that cannot be devoted to other activities. We therefore decided to limit our active participation
to the following benchmarks, which are either leading at a global level or relevant in a local context, such as:
Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Carbon Disclosure Project, EcoVadis, VBDO Tax Transparency Benchmark
and the Dutch Transparency Benchmark. For more details on the external benchmarks, reference is made to
Note 10. Application of best practices.

Storing vital products

with care
To inform and maintain a dialogue with our shareholders and other financial stakeholders, we organize
presentations, webcasts, roadshows and individual meetings with analysts and investors at least every quarter,
after publication of our annual, half year and quarterly results. In 2017, in addition to the General Shareholders’
Meeting, we called for an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting in December to ask for approval of the
appointment of Gerard Paulides as Vopak’s new CFO as per 1 February 2018.

While topics identified through the materiality survey are relevant to Vopak’s operations worldwide, other topics
are essentially at a local level. This concerns topics ranging from the preservation of archeological sites to

Key developments
mitigating the impact of truck movements during construction activities. Such concerns are commonly raised

per division
through regular contacts with our neighbors, local communities and authorities. These contacts are maintained
both face-to-face and in writing, through information on our website, in meetings with government officials and
community representatives, through participation in public hearings and by organizing site visits. In 2017, several
Vopak terminals invited neighbors and other external stakeholders to participate in our annual SHE Day.
The aim to build sustainable relations with our communities and maintain our commitment to empowering
young people, led us to establish the Vopak WeConnect Foundation. Local topics are commonly addressed
locally by Vopak affiliates. In some cases, the same topics appear to be relevant to several locations and require
a global approach. One such example is our response to climate change.

Sustainability
Finally, we engage in local, regional, national and international dialogues by maintaining contacts with
governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and by participating in various international
organizations, sustainability organizations, industry associations, think tanks, research institutes and business
coalitions. For more details, a reference is made to Note 10. Application of best practices.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
66 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment

Introduction
Materiality assessment

Executive Board report
Stakeholder expectations and interests
All stakeholders who can impact or influence our business and those that could be impacted by our operations
have been categorized into groups based on their common interest.

The following table summarizes the expectations and interests of our stakeholders and the topics that
they regard as key topics. It should be noted that this reflects the overall outcome per stakeholder group.
The expectations, interests and key topics may therefore vary for each individual stakeholder.

Storing vital products

Stakeholder group Expectations Key topics

with care
Customers Increasingly put sustainability high on their agenda • Business ethics and integrity
and require Vopak, as an important link in their • Process safety
supply chain, to at least align its sustainability • Occupational health and safety
policy with theirs.

Business partners Looking for long-term relationships to realize • Application of best practices
growth based on mutual trust and value creation. • Process safety
• Customer acceptance and continuation

Authorities Issue stricter regulations and increase • Business ethics and integrity
inspections for the industry as a whole. • Process safety
• VOC emissions, Soil and groundwater

Key developments
pollution and Water pollution

per division
Financial and capital Increasingly take a long-term appreciative view of • F inancial performance
markets companies that aim for sustainable profitability. • (Cyber) security threats
• Process safety

Neighbors and local Increasingly require Vopak to engage with them • V OC emissions, Soil and groundwater
communities to address issues such as stench and odors. pollution and Water pollution
• Business ethics and integrity
• Process safety

NGOs NGOs expect Vopak to be a responsible, • V OC emissions, Soil and groundwater

transparent, cooperative and trustworthy partner. pollution and Water pollution
• Business ethics and integrity

Sustainability
• Process safety

Employees Value a company that cares, helps to develop • B usiness integrity and ethics
their talents and offers training programs to • Financial performance
develop the full potential of every individual. • (Cyber) security threats

Senior management Determines the overall long-term strategy on our • B usiness ethics and integrity
‘License to Operate’ and our expansion plans. • Process safety
• (Cyber) security threats

Suppliers Suppliers of assets value long-term relationships. • Occupational health and safety
Suppliers of services (e.g. contractors) expect a • Process safety
safe and healthy workspace and fair treatment. • Business ethics and integrity

Governance, risk
and compliance

Our response to the key topics and concerns of our stakeholders is embedded in our Management Approach.
For the Disclosures on Management Approach (DMA) on the relevant topics, reference is made to the reference
table in the Basis of preparation section.

Materiality matrix
According to the ranking of topics determined as most important across stakeholder groups (vertical axis), and
Financial Statements

ranked as most impactful to our business (horizontal axis), nine key topics emerged as being the most material.
The Executive Board identified three additional topics of increasing material importance:
• CO2 emissions: We believe that reporting on CO2 emissions is a public requirement
• Diversity: We have signed, together with several CEOs from the oil and gas industry, a declaration
expressing a call to action to close the gender gap at the World Economic Forum in 2016
• Financial performance: We see financial performance as inherently linked to sustainability.

This Sustainability chapter has been structured according to these twelve topics:
Additional information

• Key topics: We aim to fulfill a leading role with regard to these topics and have translated these topics
into strategic sustainability priorities going forward
• Topics to monitor: We want to demonstrate our social responsibility with regard to these topics.
We measure and (partly) report on these topics in our report
• Other topics: These are important topics for Vopak and are accordingly managed but currently not reported.
67 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment

Introduction
Materiality matrix

Executive Board report
Topics to monitor Key topics 19
9
11
20

1 10
2
3

Storing vital products

Relevance to stakeholders

21
5
4 12

with care
6 23 22
7 24 13
8 15 14
25

16 26
17

Key developments
per division
18
Other topics

Significance of impacts

Environmental topics Financial and governance topics Social topics

Sustainability
1 VOC emissions 9 Business ethics and integrity 19 Process safety
2 Soil and groundwater pollution 10 Application of best practices 20 Occupational health and safety
3 Water pollution 11 (Cyber) security threats 21 Talent attraction and retention
4 Waste 12 Threats of natural disasters 22 Nuisance
5 CO2 emissions 13 Consumer acceptance and continuation 23 Labor conditions
6 Energy use 14 Financial performance 24 Human rights
7 Water use 15 Innovation 25 Diversity
8 Biodiversity 16 Remuneration 26 Community engagement and charity

Governance, risk
and compliance
17 Supplier acceptance and continuation
18 Taxation
Financial Statements
Additional information
68 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Basis of preparation

Executive Board report
We aim to be clear and transparent towards our stakeholders regarding our vision,
our sustainability policy and our sustainability performance.

The Executive Board determines Vopak’s vision and ambition with regard to sustainability and is ultimately
responsible for the implementation of Vopak’s Sustainability Policy. This responsibility is delegated to division
management and to the management of our operating companies. All Vopak employees have a shared

Storing vital products

responsibility with regard to sustainability as laid down in the Vopak Code of Conduct, that was updated

with care
in 2017, and our Sustainability Policy.

Informing stakeholders about Vopak’s sustainability performance has two benefits:

• It enhances the support for and credibility with regard to the way Vopak manages its sustainability goals and
related topics
• It enables a dialogue with stakeholders and the communities in which Vopak operates, which helps us gain
insights and improve our performance in the area of sustainability.

Key developments
The purpose of the sustainability information in our Annual Report (including the GRI Content Index as published

per division
on our website: www.vopak.com/sustainability), covering the financial year 2017, is to inform our stakeholders
about our sustainability policy and performance, in connection with our main strategic objectives and targets.
The GRI Content Index specifies the references to the indicators in scope, as well as any omissions and reasons
therefore. This report specifically reviews the developments and performance in 2017 and is based on topics
identified as material for Vopak.

Our interpretation of people (social), planet (environmental) and profit (financial and governance), and our
acknowledgement of their interdependencies are measured in the key focus areas on which we report. These

Sustainability
reflect our performance in areas that are material to Vopak’s business and operations and for which consistent
and reliable information is internally available.

This section contains the disclosures relevant for understanding the basis of preparation of the consolidated
sustainability performance.

Reporting period
The reporting period for the sustainability information in this Annual Report is the 2017 financial year,
covering Vopak’s activities from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017. This report builds on the previous

Governance, risk
and compliance
Annual (Sustainability) Reports. In recognition of the fact that sustainability is a core element of our strategy
and operations, we continue to combine our Sustainability Report with the Annual Report. 

We subscribe to the view that good corporate reporting should result in the communication of a clear,
concise and integrated story that explains how all of the company’s resources are creating value for its
stakeholders. As such, the company has to ambition to prepare its Annual Report in accordance with the
Integrated Reporting Framework as issued by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) the
coming years. As part of the journey of realizing this ambition the company already combined its Annual Report
Financial Statements

with the Sustainability Report in 2014, applies the GRI Standards for reporting on its sustainability performance
and many of the principles and requirements of the Integrated Reporting Framework have already been applied
in this Report. However this Annual Report has not yet been prepared in accordance with the Integrated
Reporting Framework.

Reporting process and assurance

As in previous years, sustainability information has been subject to an internal audit. In addition, Vopak has
requested its external auditor to provide limited assurance on its sustainability reporting. The external auditor
Additional information

has taken the findings of the internal auditor into consideration, to the extent relevant. Reference is made to
Assurance report of the independent auditor.
69 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Basis of preparation

Introduction
The sustainability data have mainly been obtained from our global consolidation and management reporting

Executive Board report
system and additionally from the HR management system, compliance management system and operational
(safety and environment) management reporting system.

The data are consolidated by our Global Operations department and reviewed by the Global Control and
Business Analysis department. The responsibility for reporting on sustainability is currently assigned to the
Global Operations department. We have a continuous focus to further embed the material themes into the
responsibilities of the relevant departments, strengthen our non-financial data collection process and proceed
with further integration into the financial reporting process. On a quarterly basis, key sustainability topics are
reported to the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board. Key topics and concerns have been discussed in

Storing vital products

the Supervisory Board meetings, for their reporting reference is made to the Supervisory Board report.

with care
For further details on the governance and control framework, reference is made to the
Governance, risk and compliance chapter.

Reporting criteria
This report on Vopak’s sustainability performance has been prepared in accordance with the Sustainability
Reporting Standards Comprehensive option of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI Standards as published
in 2016), which create a common language for organizations and stakeholders, with which the economic,

Key developments
environmental and social impacts of organizations can be communicated and understood. The Standards are

per division
designed to enhance the global comparability and quality of information on these impacts, thereby enabling
greater transparency and accountability for organizations.

The former GRI G4 Guidelines have been superseded by the GRI Standards and, with this development,
the use of the GRI G4 Sector Disclosures is recommended for organizations using the GRI Standards,
but is not a requirement for preparing a report in accordance with the GRI Standards. As there are no
GRI G4 Sector Disclosures available for our sector, we have used the GRI G4 Oil and Gas Sector Disclosures
as reference to the extent relevant for our sustainability reporting. 

Sustainability
The financial KPIs are reported based on the financial information as included in the Financial Statements,
which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the European Union (EU).

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
70 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Basis of preparation

Introduction
Reference table

Executive Board report
The table below reconciles the key areas in Vopak’s own terminology to the disclosures on management
approach (DMA), the disclosures on performance and outlook and  to the topic-specific GRI Standards.
The references for all GRI disclosures are shown in the GRI Content Index on our website.

Corresponding disclosures on Corresponding disclosures Corresponding

Topics Vopak management approach (DMA) on performance & outlook GRI Standard

Social
Occupational health Operational leadership: Note 1. Occupational health • GRI 403: Occupational
and safety • Health and safety and safety Health and Safety

Storing vital products

• If things go wrong

with care
Process safety Operational leadership: Note 2. Process safety No corresponding GRI ­
• Health and safety topic-specific standard
• If things go wrong

Talent attraction People leadership: Note 3. Talent attraction and • GRI 401: Employment
and retention • Talent attraction and retention retention • GRI 404: Training and
• People development Education

Diversity People leadership: Note 4. Diversity • GRI 405: Diversity and

• Diversity Equal Opportunity

Key developments
Environmental

per division
VOC emissions Operational leadership: Note 5. VOC emissions No corresponding
• Environmental care: Volatile GRI topic-specific standard
Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Soil and groundwater Operational leadership: Note 6. Soil and groundwater No corresponding
pollution • Environmental care: pollution GRI topic-specific standard
Soil and groundwater pollution

Water pollution Operational leadership: Note 7. Water pollution No corresponding

• Environmental care: GRI topic-specific standard
Water pollution

Sustainability
CO2 emissions Operational leadership: Note 8. CO2 emissions No corresponding
• Environmental care: (including energy use) GRI topic-specific standard
Carbon dioxide

Financial and governance

Application of best Operational leadership: Note 10. Application of best No corresponding
practices • Environmental care: practices GRI topic-specific standard
Best practice sharing

(Cyber) security Operational leadership: Note 11. (Cyber) security threats • GRI 418: Customer Privacy
threats • Security, including cybersecurity

Governance, risk
and compliance
Business ethics and Governance and compliance: Note 12. Business ethics • GRI 205: Anti-corruption
integrity • Corporate governance, and integrity • GRI 307: Environmental
Internal control and risk Compliance
management • GRI 419: Socioeconomic
Compliance

Financial performance • Financial statements Note 13. Financial performance • GRI 201: Economic
• Financial performance Performance
Financial Statements

Reporting principles
Our sustainability reporting principles are based on the GRI Standards, supported by internally developed
standards and guidelines, unless otherwise specified. Throughout the Annual Report, we have indicated how
we applied the GRI reporting principles, such as materiality, stakeholder inclusiveness and reliability.

Change in reporting policies for 2017

The Group did not apply any new reporting policies in 2017. The company is also required to report disclosures
of non-financial and diversity information according to the EU Directive that has been implemented in Dutch law.
Additional information

This did not lead to changes in sustainability reporting.

71 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Basis of preparation

Introduction
In the disclosures on compensation ratio per country, we decided to apply the calculation method as used

Executive Board report
for the CEO pay ratio in the Remuneration Report. Therefore, the 2016 comparative figures deviate from
the figures presented in the 2016 Annual Report. For more information and details, reference is made to
Note 3 Talent attraction and retention.

Reporting adjustments
There have been no adjustments to information provided in previous reports, except for the item mentioned
above.

Basis of consolidation

Storing vital products

For sustainability reporting purposes, Vopak consolidates data from its headquarters, division offices, Vopak

with care
Agencies and those terminals under its operational control unless acquired within the last 12 months and from
terminals that report voluntarily although they are not under our operational control. A terminal under operational
control implies:
• Application of Vopak´s operational standards
• Adoption of Vopak´s Code of Conduct
• Being part of the three-year cycle of Vopak´s Terminal Health Assessments (THA) or equivalent.

This basis of consolidation in accordance with the following principles:

Key developments
• Greenfield: Undeveloped land that is acquired to build a new terminal is within the reporting scope from

per division
the first day of acquisition
• Brownfield: When an existing terminal is expanded, the entity is immediately within the scope of
sustainability reporting
• Acquisition: When a terminal is acquired and operations are continued, there will be a grace period of one
calendar year before the terminal is within the scope of sustainability reporting. During this year, all data
must be reported and monitored in our internal reporting system
• Divestment: When terminals are closed or sold, they are no longer within the scope of sustainability
reporting as of the date of divestment.

Sustainability
This means that, unless otherwise stated, the sustainability information includes all information for the principal
subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates (as noted in Note 8.11 Principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and
associates of the Consolidated Financial Statements) that meets these consolidation criteria, is accounted for
and consolidated based on a 100% basis. 

Divisional structure
Effective per 1 January 2018, Vopak will streamline its divisional structure, resulting in a situation where
the Group will comprise five divisions instead of the current six. The five divisions will be Europe & Africa,

Governance, risk
and compliance
Asia & Middle East, China & North Asia, Americas and LNG. Reference is made to Note 2.1 Segment
information of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidation
One terminal does not meet the consolidation criteria, but does report voluntary on the sustainability
information: Vopak Terminals Korea (Korea).
Financial Statements
Additional information
72 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Basis of preparation

Introduction
The entities that do not meet the consolidation criteria are shown in the table below, which reconciles the

Executive Board report
storage capacity reported in the financial statements to that used for sustainability reporting purposes:

In million cbm 2017 2016

Total storage capacity according to Vopak Financial Statements 35.9 34.7

Bahia Las Minas, Panama 1 0.0 -0.5

Sabtank (Jubail), Saudi Arabia 2 -1.5 -1.5
Sabtank (Yanbu), Saudi Arabia 2 -0.3 -0.3

Storing vital products

Chemtank (Jubail), Saudi Arabia -0.5 -0.2
Maasvlakte Olie Terminal (MOT), The Netherlands -1.1 -1.1

with care
Ridley Island Propane Export Terminal (RIPET), Canada 0.0 0.0
Estonian Railway Services (ERS - part of Vopak E.O.S.), Estonia 0.0 0.0
Total out of scope for sustainability reporting -3.4 -3.6

Total storage capacity according to the sustainability reporting scope 32.5 31.1
1. In 2016, Vopak started to manage and operate Chevron’s existing 509,000 cbm terminal at Bahia Las Minas, in Panama. According to the
consolidation criteria, the terminal is in scope for sustainability reporting as from 1 January 2017.
2. The Sabtank terminals report voluntary on safety data only. This is included for internal reporting purposes, but excluded for external

Key developments
reporting purposes since we started sustainability reporting in 2008.

per division
For capacity developments, reference is made to the Storage capacity developments 2017 overview
in the Leading assets in leading locations section of the Annual report, and notes 3.1 and 3.4 of the
Consolidated Financial Statements.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
73 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Social (People)

Executive Board report
This section comprises notes which provide specifications and explanations to
Vopak’s performance on social impacts for the year 2017 and the outlook for 2018
and beyond. Each note starts with the definition, the Group’s reporting policies
and boundaries.

Storing vital products

The following notes are presented in this section:
• 1 Occupational health and safety

with care
• 2 Process safety
• 3 Talent attraction and retention
• 4 Diversity

Note 1. Occupational health and safety

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Key developments
per division
Materiality matrix no. Definition

20 Refers to a healthy and safe workplace for Vopak’s employees and contractors. This includes fatalities,
incidents, sickness, exposures to operating hazards and long-term exposure to chemicals

Reporting policies
Occupational health and safety are managed and reported according to OSHA 1904.

Boundaries

Sustainability
Safety relates not only to Vopak employees, but also to the employees of our contractors when they are working
on our sites, whereby:
• An employee is any person who has a permanent, temporary or unwritten employment contract with
a Vopak company or one of its subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates
• A contractor is any person who is not an employee of Vopak but is providing contract based services to
the Vopak company or one of its subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates either on Vopak premises or off
the Vopak premises, where Vopak exercises supervisory or procedural control.

Sickness is only reported for our own employees.

Governance, risk
How we performed and compliance

The year 2017 started off with a regretful and deeply tragic fatal accident due to a fall from height at our
ACS terminal in Antwerp (Belgium) involving one of our experienced contractors.

We regret to report a second fatality at our Hamburg terminal (Germany) in September. During railcar shunting
activities, an experienced and qualified contractor received fatal injuries as a result of an accidental collision.
Financial Statements

In both cases, extensive tripod investigations were conducted leading to a number of recommendations that
were shared throughout the organization. 

This is a reminder to all of us that safety is our first and foremost priority. At the end of each working day, each
person at our terminals is entitled to return safely to their homes and families. It emphasizes again that we have
to keep on focusing on how to continue to further improve our safety culture, systems and hardware to ensure
a safe working place for all.

Commitment Achievement
Additional information

Strive to achieve a Total Injury Rate (TIR) of 0.31 or less The TIR was 0.38 in 2017
per 200,000 working hours for own employees and contractors
in 2017
74 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
Safety performance

Executive Board report
Total Injury Rate Lost Time Injury Rate Sickness Rate %

2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

Netherlands 1.23 0.47 0.43 0.18 5.5 5.4
Europe, Middle East & Africa 1.02 0.65 0.54 0.31 3.1 2.8
Asia 0.17 0.13 0.03 0.03 1.4 1.2
Americas 0.18 0.36 0.04 0.20 1.2 1.2
LNG 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.25 3.3 3.0

Storing vital products

Global HQ 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.35 4.2 2.4
Total Vopak 0.38 0.29 0.14 0.13 2.4 2.2

with care
Overall, the personal safety performance in 2017 worsened significantly compared to 2016 and did not meet
the target of 0.31 set for 2017. This was mainly driven by an increase in injury cases in the Northwestern
Europe region.

Total Injury Rate Lost Time Injury Rate

0.7 0.7

Key developments
0.6 0.6

per division
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.4
0.3 0.29 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14
0.1 0.1

2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017

Sustainability
We were not able to sustain the improved performance of 2016.

Process incidents Non-process incidents Total incidents

2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

Lost time injury (LTI) 3 2 19 19 22 21
Restricted work case (RWC) 2 0 21 18 23 18
Medical treatment case (MTC) 0 0 16 8 16 8

Governance, risk
and compliance
Total Vopak 5 2 56 45 61 47

Evaluating the root causes of the personal incidents teaches us that these mostly did not occur during product
movement related activities. Most personal injuries occur due to manual handling activities, slips, trips and falls.

The percentage of people exposed to higher work-related risks related to their occupation (operational and
maintenance staff at our terminals) was 48% of the total workforce in 2017.
Financial Statements

Sickness percentage
There were no reported cases of employees suffering from occupational diseases. Despite the fact that there
was no specific reason for the minor increase in the sickness rate of 2.4% compared to 2.2% in 2016, this rising
trend over the years is an area of attention.

2018 and beyond

Primarily driven by our ambition of zero personal incidents, Vopak will keep on strengthening its safety
culture, systems and hardware to ensure a safe working place for all. In line with this drive for improvement,
Additional information

Vopak strives not to exceed a Total Injury Rate (TIR) of 0.31 per 200,000 working hours for own employees
and contractors in 2018. To achieve this in 2018, we will continue our Assure program, develop a
Global Contractor Safety program and launch a Safety Leadership program. 
75 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
Note 2. Process safety

Executive Board report
Definition, reporting policies and boundaries
Materiality matrix no. Definition

19 Refers to the process safety of Vopak’s operations. This includes incidents of contaminations, damages
and loss of primary containment

Reporting policies
Process safety of our operations is managed and reported according to the API standard RP 754 and events

Storing vital products

are measured based on the significance of the incident, with Tier 1 as the most significant.

with care
According to our materiality assessment, the topic of process safety includes incidents of contaminations,
damages and loss of primary containment (LOPC).

Contaminations and damages could be both process and non-process related. Both types of incidents are
reported in this note, whereby:
• Contamination: Any situation where a customer’s product is out of contract specification and cannot be
used as intended or is reduced in value, or needs unplanned after treatment (e.g. mixing, blending, sparging),

Key developments
due to the action of another substance on that product and not classified as a process safety contamination.

per division
A contamination is independent of its financial loss
• Damage: The loss of, impaired functioning, or impaired condition of anything (except people) which is
considered to have some value, including company assets, the environment, and third party losses.

All Tier 1 and Tier 2 LOPCs are reported in this note. For more detailed reporting on spills, reference is made to
Note 6. Soil and groundwater pollution and Note 7. Water pollution. Both terms, ‘spills’ and ‘LOPCs’ are used to
refer to the same definition: an unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment,
including non-toxic and non-flammable materials.

Sustainability
Boundaries
All Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety events are reported in this note. This includes process-related personal
incidents concerning own employees, contractors and third parties.

With regard to damages, we have only included damages larger than EUR 50,000.

How we performed

Governance, risk
and compliance
Commitment Achievement
Reduce the Process Safety Events Rate (PSER) to a maximum The PSER was 0.26 in 2017
of 0.25 incidents per 200,000 working hours

Tier 1 PSE Count Tier 2 PSE Count Tier 1 & Tier 2 PSER

2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

Netherlands 3 4 7 3 0.61 0.41
Financial Statements

Europe, Middle East & Africa 4 2 6 4 0.49 0.21

Asia 2 1 6 4 0.15 0.10
Americas 0 4 2 6 0.09 0.51
LNG 1 1 0 0 0.27 0.25
Global HQ 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
Total Vopak 10 12 21 17 0.26 0.23
Additional information
76 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
Process Safety Event Rate

Executive Board report
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 0.27 0.26
0.20 0.23
0.2
0.1

Storing vital products

2014 2015 2016 2017

with care
We were not able to sustain the improved performance of 2016. In line with personal safety, this is mainly
due to process safety incidents in the Northwestern Europe region.

The total number of Tier 1 and Tier 2 incidents showed an increase of 7% compared to 2016 (29).
The table below shows the type of incidents occurred.

Tier 1 PSE Count Tier 2 PSE Count Tier 1 & Tier 2 PSE

Key developments
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

per division
Fatality 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lost time injury (LTI) 4 2 0 0 4 2
Restricted work case (RWC) 0 0 2 0 2 0
Medical treatment case (MTC) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Loss of primary containment (LOPC) 6 10 19 17 25 27
Fire 0 0 0 0 0 0
PRD activation 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Vopak 10 12 21 17 31 29

Sustainability
Product contaminations
2017

PSE Non-PSE Total

Netherlands 2 8 10
Europe, Middle East & Africa 1 6 7
Asia 0 2 2

Governance, risk
and compliance
Americas 0 2 2
LNG 0 0 0
Global HQ 0 0 0
Total Vopak 3 18 21

Damages
Financial Statements

2017

Property Product Total

Netherlands 7 2 9
Europe, Middle East & Africa 2 0 2
Asia 4 0 4
Americas 2 0 2
LNG 0 0 0
Global HQ 0 0 0
Additional information

Total Vopak 15 2 17
77 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
2018 and beyond

Executive Board report
Primarily driven by our ambition of zero process incidents, Vopak will keep on strengthening its safety culture,
systems and hardware to ensure a safe working place for all. In line with this drive for improvement, Vopak
strives not to exceed the Process Safety Event Rate (PSER) of 0.23 per 200,000 working hours in 2018.

Note 3. Talent attraction and retention

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition

Storing vital products

21 Relates to the attraction and retention of the best people to create an agile and solution-driven culture

with care
Reporting policies
The starting point of the Vopak sustainability program is that every person employed by a Vopak-operated
entity is counted as one person.

All reported number of employees in the sustainability chapter of this Annual Report are based on actual
headcount, unless stated otherwise.

Key developments
per division
Boundaries
The data reported in this note only reflects our own employees.

The compensation ratios will be reported for the Netherlands, United States and Singapore. As part of our
stakeholder engagement and materiality assessment we have asked our stakeholders whether reporting
on additional locations is necessary. Based on the feedback of this assessment, we have concluded that we
do not have to report on additional locations.

How we performed

Sustainability
Employee hires and turnover
Joiners Relative joiners Leavers Relative leavers
Netherlands 113 12.1% 86 9.3%
Europe, Middle East & Africa 102 7.5% 102 7.5%
Asia 275 13.6% 292 14.5%
Americas 107 10.8% 76 7.7%

Governance, risk
and compliance
LNG 19 11.4% 17 9.8%
Global HQ 37 13.9% 22 8.2%
Total Vopak 653 11.4% 595 10.4%

The relative turnover was lower compared to 2016 (16.7%), mainly due to divestments in the United Kingdom,
Japan, China and the Netherlands during 2016.
Financial Statements

The staff turnover rate is acceptable for the markets we operate in and we believe, as also apparent from
the engagement survey, that the intention to stay with the company is strengthened by good leadership,
good career and development opportunities and working together based on our values and a positive working
environment. When a divestment is made, Vopak will do its utmost to ensure that the employees working at
the specific location are transferred under the same contractual arrangements as when they were working
for Vopak.
Additional information
78 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
Training hours per employee

Executive Board report
2017 2016
Netherlands 56 44
Europe, Middle East & Africa 34 44
Asia 69 55
Americas 40 43
LNG 75 60
Global HQ N.R. N.R.
Total Vopak 52 47

Storing vital products

The number of training hours per division shows that Vopak employees spend an increasing amount of time

with care
on training over the years. Besides formal training as measured by the hour, training and coaching on the job
and best practice sharing are also an important, informal way, of training.

Compensation ratio
The definition for the calculation of the compensation ratio is consistent with that used to calculate the CEO Pay
Ratio as shown in the Remuneration report section.

2017 ratios 1 2016 ratios 1 Change to 2016 2

Key developments
The Netherlands 11.4 15.5 - 26.5%

per division
Singapore 10.6 10.1 5.0%
United States 3.1 3.2 - 3.1%
1. The ratio is defined as the salary of highest paid job holder/average salary excluding highest salary.
2. Change in annual total compensation for the highest-paid individual to the average percentage change in annual total compensation for all
employees (excluding the highest-paid individual) in the same country in 2017 compared to 2016.

2018 and beyond

We will further increase the accessibility to (formal) training in 2018 via the new HR digital platform.

Sustainability
Note 4. Diversity

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition

25 The diversity of the Vopak workforce and its joint ventures.

This includes diversity in gender, culture, age, physical abilities and competencies

Governance, risk
and compliance
Reporting policies
The starting point of the Vopak sustainability program is that every person employed by a Vopak-operated
entity is counted as one headcount. All reported numbers of employees in the sustainability chapter of this
Annual Report are based on actual headcount, unless stated otherwise. All reported numbers of contractors
in the sustainability chapter of this Annual Report are based on man-years.

Boundaries
The data reported in this note only reflects our own employees.
Financial Statements

How we performed
Headcount Gender Employment type Employment contract

31-Dec-17 Men Women Full-time Part-time Permanent Fixed term

Netherlands 972 87% 13% 91% 9% 92% 8%
Europe, Middle East & Africa 1,127 86% 14% 96% 4% 95% 5%
Asia 2,156 84% 16% 99% 1% 73% 27%
Additional information

Americas 985 82% 18% 100% 0% 98% 2%

LNG 165 84% 16% 94% 6% 95% 5%
Global HQ 252 72% 28% 83% 17% 83% 17%
Total Vopak 5,657 84% 16% 96% 4% 86% 14%
79 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Social (People)

Introduction
Terminal and

Executive Board report
divisional Global
Executive Board management teams staff directors Global staff HQ

% employees 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

Gender
Men 100% 100% 81% 80% 64% 64% 77% 79%
Women 0% 0% 19% 20% 36% 36% 23% 21%
Nationality
Dutch 100% 100% 28% 13% 93% 93% 87% 84%
Other 0% 0% 72% 87% 7% 7% 13% 16%

Storing vital products

with care
The diversity numbers still do not show the balance that Vopak believes should be the right reflection
of the society that we are part of.

Approximately 40% of our employees are employed under a Collective Labor Agreement (CLA), most
of these employees work in the operations and maintenance departments at our terminals. We strive
for long-lasting relationships with unions and works councils all over the world in the best interest of
our employees and the Company.

Key developments
Age distribution per 31 December 2017

per division
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000 1,737
1,608
1,500 1,388
1,000
678
500
199 47

Sustainability
15 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 > 64

Number of contractors
During 2017, over 10,000 man-years of contractors worked for Vopak.

2018 and beyond

Increasing the diversity both in nationality and gender is part of the 2018 agenda and several actions
will be taken to improve the balance and, where needed, increase the inclusiveness.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
80 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Environmental (Planet)

Executive Board report
This section comprises notes which provide specifications and explanations to
Vopak’s performance on environmental impacts for the year 2017 and the outlook
for 2018 and beyond. Each note starts with the definition, the Group’s reporting
policies and boundaries.

Storing vital products

The following notes are presented in this section:

with care
• 5 VOC emissions
• 6 Soil and groundwater pollution
• 7 Water pollution
• 8 CO2 emissions (including energy use)
• 9 Our response to climate change

Note 5. VOC emissions

Key developments
Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

per division
Materiality matrix no. Definition
Refers to the VOC emissions, which include NOx and SOx emissions of Vopak
1

Reporting policies
As field measurement is not feasible, we make use of globally acknowledged calculation programs (TANKS 4.0
and Caruso) for the assessment of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions. These emissions are due to and

Sustainability
occur during the storage and handling of products and are therefore limited to our own operations.

The NOx (this reflects our N2O emissions) and SOx emissions are calculated based on our energy consumption.
We have applied the following conversion factors:
• SOx emissions: 2015 Specific emission factors per energy source stream
• NOx emissions: IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

Boundaries
Data in this note include the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

Governance, risk
How we performed and compliance

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are generally released upon evaporation of organic substances and through
incomplete combustion. At Vopak, we store organic liquids that can evaporate organic compounds.

Vopak aims to be a responsible employer and neighbor. This entails responsibilities for our own staff and
our surroundings, in terms of the environment (soil, water and air), as well as the local communities and
our neighbors.
Financial Statements

We have installed and invested in various emission-reducing measures such as internal floating roofs and vapor
treatment installations throughout parts of our network and this will continue in the coming years. Our objective
is to further reduce emissions, including those of VOC and odor. In pursuing this objective, our aim is to adhere
to guidelines set out in operating licenses, legislation and our own global standards.

During 2017, we analyzed the VOC emissions over 2016 for our largest 17 terminals. We estimate that these
represent roughly 75% of our emissions globally. For this assessment, we applied the emission calculation
Additional information

model used by the authorities in the Netherlands (Caruso 4.0). Approximately 15-20% of the emissions at
these terminals is related to standing emissions from storage. The remaining 80-85% is due to handling
(loading, unloading, roof landings).
81 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
NOx and SOx emissions

Executive Board report
In metric tons 2017 2016 2015 2014
Total NOx emissions 498 514 527 547
Total SOx emissions 3 3 3 13

Main contributors for NOx emissions are natural gas and gas oil/diesel oil. SOx emissions are mainly related
to the use of natural gas and heating fuel.

NOx emissions intensity SOx emissions intensity

Storing vital products

Metric tons per million cbm storage capacity Metric tons per million cbm storage capacity

with care
25.0 0.50
0.44
20.0 18.5 0.40
16.8 16.5
15.0
15.3 0.30

10.0 0.20

5.0 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09

Key developments
per division
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017

During 2014, we stopped the consumption of coal and switched to natural gas. Consequently, the amount
of SOx emissions is significantly lower as from 2015.

2018 and beyond

As it is our objective to further reduce our VOC emissions, we believe we need to focus our efforts on those
areas where the social impact is largest (in addition to fulfilling legislative requirements). In order to determine
this, we developed a societal and environmental impact model (True Value Model: TV-model) together with

Sustainability
a consulting company.

Over the next years, we will use this model as a basis for determining our priorities and investments in terms
of emission-reducing measures.

Note 6. Soil and groundwater pollution

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Governance, risk
and compliance
Materiality matrix no. Definition

2 Refers to prevention of spills and soil contaminations, controlling existing soil contaminations and
remediation in the event that an accident occurs

Reporting policies
All spills of more than 200kg are reported as reportable spills. This also includes the process safety related
Tier 1 and Tier 2 loss of primary containments according to API RP 754.
Financial Statements

The identification and remediation of emissions to soil and groundwater are guided by local legislation and
the requirements stated in our Vopak Way Standards ‘Spill control’ and ‘Soil and groundwater management’.

Boundaries
Data in this note includes the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

How we performed
2017 2016
Additional information

Contained Uncontained Total Contained Uncontained Total

Total number of reportable spills 51 7 58 19 25 44
Total amount of reportable spills (metric tons) 986 25 1,011 631 145 776
82 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
In our emissions to soil and groundwater, we had 58 spills representing a total of 1,011 metric tons product

Executive Board report
(2016: 44 spills representing 776 metric tons) of which two major (recovered) spills:  
• Spill of 450 metric tons of gasoil at our Eurotank terminal (Belgium)
• Spill of 225 metric tons of transformer oil at our Deer Park terminal (United States).

In total, 98% of the total metric tons spilled during 2017 was contained.

We are concerned about this trend in relation to our ambition of zero process incidents and our continuous
improvement aim.

Storing vital products

All spills were remediated immediately according to the requirements stated in our Vopak standards

with care
‘Spill control’ and ‘Soil and groundwater management’; however, our aim is no uncontained spills.

According to these standards, all terminals are required to have secondary containment (containment
of hazardous liquids in order to prevent soil pollution and water pollution) in place at locations where the risk
of spillage and loss of containment is apparent (such as tank pits, pump pits and loading stations).

Besides prevention, Vopak is also engaged in a process of remediation of 15 existing contaminated locations,
reference is made to environmental provisions in Note 8.5 Provisions of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Key developments
per division
As all spills were remediated immediately, there were no additions to the provisions during 2017.
The cost of remediation is reported as part of environmental, safety and cleaning expenses in
Note 2.6 Other operating expenses of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2018 and beyond

Primarily driven by our ambition of zero process incidents, we strive to continuously improve the quality of our
conformance with our existing standards. In line with this ambition, Vopak strives to have no uncontained spills
and to reduce the number of contained spills in 2018 and beyond.

Sustainability
In 2018, we will continue to monitor the total surface area with secondary containment and, led by a risk-based
approach, we will continue to improve the protection of the subsoil and groundwater at our terminals by
identifying and setting targets on terminal level.

In addition to the prevention of new contamination, we will proceed with the remediation at the 15 existing
contaminated locations.

Note 7. Water pollution

Governance, risk
Definition, reporting policies and boundaries and compliance

Materiality matrix no. Definition

3 Pollution of surface and sewage water caused by Vopak’s operations. Including the quantity and quality of
discharge in surface water

Reporting policies
Financial Statements

All spills of more than 200kg are reported as reportable spills. This also includes the process safety related
Tier 1 and Tier 2 loss of primary containments according to API RP 754.

Boundaries
Data in this note includes the information for all in-scope entities as noted Basis of preparation.

How we performed
2017 2016
Additional information

Total number of reportable spills 1 9

Total amount of reportable spills (metric tons) 1 18
83 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
We had one reportable spill into surface and sewage water in 2017, with a total of one metric ton of product

Executive Board report
being spilled. All product that was spilled into water was removed and the spill did not lead to a formal
permit violation.

The cost of remediation is reported as part of environmental, safety and cleaning expenses in
Note 2.6 Other operating expenses of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2018 and beyond

We aim to have zero spills to surface and sewage water.

Storing vital products

Note 8. CO emissions (including energy use)
2

with care
Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition

5 Derived from the energy use at the individual terminals

Reporting policies

Key developments
Vopak’s reporting on carbon emissions (based on energy use), encompasses Scope 1 (direct energy use and

per division
emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels) and Scope 2 emissions (indirect energy use and emissions from
electricity purchased for our own use). Despite the fact that this was considered not material to Vopak during
the materiality assessment, we decided to report on parts of the GRI Standards requirements as far as they
are applicable to Vopak and deliver added value to stakeholders. Therefore, our reporting on emissions includes
carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) as well as other emissions (NOx, SOx and not yet reported VOC).

CO2 SF6 CH4 N2O HFC S PFC S

Scope 2 Scope 1 Scope 3

Sustainability
Indirect Direct Indirect

Purchased electricity Fuel combustion Production of

for own use purchased materials

Employee
business travel

Waste
disposal

Governance, risk
and compliance
Contractor-owned
vehicles

Product use Outsourced

activities

We report our N2O emissions as NOx emissions, reference is made to Note 5. VOC emissions.
Other greenhouse gas emissions such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and
sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) or related source products are not stored or handled within Vopak.
Financial Statements

We have applied the following conversion factors for the calculation of energy:
• Conversion of consumption to energy: Dutch list of fuels and standard CO2 emission factors,
version January 2016 (from the Netherlands Enterprise Agency)
• Conversion of natural gas consumption to energy: the Energy Information Administration (EIA)
and for Belgium and Singapore location-specific conversion factors.

We have applied the following conversion factors for the calculation from energy to carbon emissions:
• Direct energy conversion to carbon emissions: Dutch list of fuels and standard CO2 emission factors,
Additional information

version January 2016 (from the Netherlands Enterprise Agency)

• Conversion of electricity to carbon emissions: the International Energy Agency (IEA).
84 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
Boundaries

Executive Board report
Data in this note include the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

Vopak does not report on its Scope 3 (other indirect) emissions as this is not material compared to our
total carbon emissions. The total of our scope 3 emissions is less than 5% of our total CO2 emissions.

How we performed

The CO2 emissions over 2017, as well as the relative CO2 emissions (per cbm) decreased compared to 2016.
Main contributors to this reduction are the decreased natural gas consumpion at Vopak Terminal Europoort

Storing vital products

(the Netherlands) and Vopak Terminal Deer Park (United States) and the decreased electricity consumption at

with care
Vopak Terminal Haiteng (China). This is partially offset by the increased electricity consumption at LNG Terminal
de Altamira de S. de R.L. (Mexico).

In kilotons 2017 2016 2015 2014

Direct carbon emissions (scope 1) 166 186 189 189
Indirect carbon emissions (scope 2) 235 240 260 231
of which Liquid bulk and other gases operations 194 208 217 189
of which LNG operations 41 32 43 42

Key developments
Total carbon emissions 401 426 449 420

per division
Total relative carbon emissions (kg/cbm) 12.3 13.7 14.3 14.2

Vopak’s carbon emissions reporting is split into two separate categories, liquid bulk operations and LNG
operations. The main reason for this is that the LNG operations are more process-oriented than the conventional
liquid bulk storage and handling operations. The amount of energy required for the regasification of LNG is
a major part of the total energy consumption.

Sustainability
As regasification of LNG requires a significant consumption of energy, Vopak is using a renewable energy source
for this process. At Gate Terminal (the Netherlands), we convert the imported LNG into gas using process
water from a nearby electrical power plant. At LNG Terminal de Altamira de S. de R.L. (Mexico), we use regular
(i.e. unprocessed) sea water. This means that the terminals do not have to use additional energy sources to
heat and vaporize LNG at the terminals. The electricity used in the LNG operations is mainly used for pumping.
Direct carbon emissions from the LNG operations is negligible, a reference is made to the graphs below.

Carbon emissions mix Energy use mix

Governance, risk
48% 26% and compliance
31%

5%
59%
2%
8%
2% 19%
Financial Statements

Natural gas Fuel/Gas oil LPG Electricity Process water

Our CO2 emissions are measured and calculated based on our energy consumption. The majority is generated
during the production of steam for heating purposes (gas consumption) or through electricity consumption for
powering our pumps and, on a lower level, for heating and cooling. This depends on the products we store for
our customers, the weather conditions and the amount of product pumped (electricity consumption). Short-term
energy-saving programs focus therefore on improving the processes of heat exchange and efficiencies within
the system.
Additional information
85 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
In terajoules (TJ) 2017 2016 2015 2014

Executive Board report
Total direct energy 2,772 3,138 3,198 3,177
Total indirect energy 5,721 4,627 7,326 7,027
of which renewable energy 4,125 3,036 5,611 5,412
Total energy 8,493 7,765 10,524 10,204

Total renewable energy as % of total energy 49% 39% 53% 53%

The total energy consumption, as well as the energy use intensity (per cbm capacity storage), increased
compared to 2016. This is mainly driven by the increased consumption of process water at our LNG terminals

Storing vital products

and partially offset by the beforementioned main contributors to the reduction of carbon emissions.

with care
CO2 emissions intensity Energy use intensity
Kilotons per million cbm storage capacity Terajoules per million cbm storage capacity
25.0 400
346 336
20.0 300
250 261
15.0 14.2 14.3 13.7
12.3 200

Key developments
10.0

per division
100
5.0

2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017

Other greenhouse gas emissions

In order to be transparent with regard to our emissions, the table below shows the emissions from venting
in our LNG operations. This includes not only emissions due to occasional upset conditions or specific

Sustainability
maintenance outages, but also three unwanted releases to air, which resulted in one metric ton of methane
(CH4) emissions.

2017
Methane (CH4) - metric tons 23
CO2 equivalent of methane - metric tons 575

2018 and beyond

Governance, risk
and compliance
The energy consumption will be impacted by an increase in Vapor Treatment Units (VTUs) in order to reduce the
VOC emissions as support gas combustion is needed. We fully encourage all regional and local energy-efficiency
initiatives in the Group.

Note 9. Our response to climate change

Governments, communities and industries around the world are faced with the combined challenge of
continuing economic growth, in particular in emerging economies, and a significant reduction in global
greenhouse gas emissions. Even as the world addresses climate change, it is expected that fossil fuels will
Financial Statements

likely continue to supply the majority of the world’s need for energy for years to come, also in a world where
we meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Therefore, the world must find ways to improve energy
efficiency, reduce emissions from the use of fossil fuels, increase the share of renewable energy sources
and find solutions to store vast amounts of wind and solar energy.

As an infrastructure and service provider, Vopak actively supports the energy transition around the world.
We facilitate access to energy and better cooking fuels, help introduce cleaner fuels to improve air quality
and advance solutions to lower carbon emissions. Our key assets are our global network of independent
Additional information

terminals, our role in and deep knowledge of global energy supply chains, and our expertise in operating
energy infrastructure in ports around the world. We do not know which energy products and technologies
will prevail in decades from now; and as a service provider, we do not drive market choices, we facilitate
energy flows. However, as the global leader in tank storage, we want to be at the forefront of developments.
86 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
Long-term positioning requires a sound understanding of climate-related risks and opportunities.

Executive Board report
Governance and risk management
Our governance with regard to climate-related risks and opportunities is integrated in our governance and
risk management processes, reference is made to the Governance, risk and compliance chapter.

Our assessment of current and long-term impacts of these risks and opportunities on our business and
our assets around the globe are presented in this section.

Strategy

Storing vital products

The determination of threats and opportunities driven by climate change forms an integral part of the company’s

with care
strategy cycle and was part of the strategic review that was carried out in 2016. The orientation towards growth
acceleration in the chemical and gas markets was a direct outcome of this strategic review.

Climate-related risks
Climate change is a global issue that presents risks and opportunities for Vopak. The risks can be categorized
into the following segments:
• Transition risks: this includes changes in market dynamics, policy actions, reputation and new technology
and product developments

Key developments
• Physical risks: this includes acute risks such as increased severity of extreme weather events and chronic

per division
risks such as rising sea levels, temperature and precipitation changes.

The risks, their current impacts and potential future impacts on Vopak are shown in the table below.
For the mitigation actions, a reference is made to the Governance, risk and compliance chapter.

Risk Implications (Potential) Impacts

Transition
Policy and legal

Sustainability
Increased pricing of GHG • Emissions Trading System (ETS) costs • Higher operating expenses
emissions The costs of carbon emissions are expected to
increase due to extra carbon taxes. For example,
the policy proposition of the Dutch government to
introduce an extra carbon tax of EUR 43 per ton
carbon emissions for electricity producers
• Indirect ’Carbon leakage’ • Potential loss of customers and less demand
Customers could decide to switch their plants to for storage capacity could result in lower
countries that do not have an emission-trading occupancy rates and loss of revenues
system, this is referred to as carbon leakage

Governance, risk
and compliance
Enhanced emission • We are currently reporting to the authorities (ETS • Higher personnel expenses and consultancy
reporting obligations program) on the GHG emissions of seven terminals. costs to meet additional reporting
These reporting requirements go far beyond our requirements
measurements as included in Note 8 CO2 emissions
(including energy use). We expect that these
requirements will be extended to other locations
• We expect that government and society will
increasingly demand the reporting of VOC emissions

Mandates on and • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has • This can potentially disrupt the global fuel oil
regulation of services set the maximum sulphur content of fuel oil and bunker markets. At present, it is still
Financial Statements

provided and products to 0.5% effective as of 2020, whereas in Sulphur uncertain how the market will respond. In
stored Emission Control Areas (SECA) the maximum 2017, this had some impact on occupancy
concentration has already been lowered to 0.1% rates and pricing levels for some terminals
sulphur. This affects the quality of heavy fuel oil and in the hub locations
the storage as bunker fuel. It can be expected that • This could change our product portfolio and
the demand for storage of high sulphur fuel oil will possibly require us to change or adjust
significantly decrease after 2020. Strictly, this is storage infrastructure, tanks may have to
not climate related, but a regulatory issue related be refurbished to store other products
to emissions. Therefore, we have added this as risk • Requirement for investments in tank
refurbishments

Enhanced regulation and • Going forward, we can expect stricter regulations • Increase in investment levels to meet
Additional information

exposure to litigation related to emissions, in our case, in particular requirements of new legislation
related to VOC emissions
• Additional efforts in governance and audits to • Increase in personnel and operating costs
comply with laws and regulations
87 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
Risk Implications (Potential) Impacts

Executive Board report
Reputation
Stigmatization of sector • As we are storing fossil fuels and (petro) • This requires stronger engagement efforts
chemicals, we could anticipate more reputational with all stakeholders
impact if we do not take adequate measures to
respond to and facilitate the energy transition

Market
Energy transition • The energy transition will take place, but how • In spite of mixed market signals, in the long
(changing customer and how fast is still uncertain. This could lead to term, the portfolio of the products that we
behavior) which will changes in the demand for our storage services. store is likely to change

Storing vital products

manifest itself differently It is important that we continue to follow and
by region. where possible to facilitate this development to

with care
enable us to react timely to changing demands
from the market and society
• As a service provider to the energy markets, we
monitor demand for existing services as well as
renewable energy opportunities for which market
demand for storage will emerge. We also
contribute our storage and logistics expertise to
various feasibility study groups to help enable the
energy transition
• For the long term, Vopak is exploring the changes • This might lead to divestments or

Key developments
to its markets and business. New developments adjustments to and investments in
will be examined such as Power to Gas and our infrastructure to meet the market

per division
Power to Liquid. To this end, Vopak is participating developments
in a number of platforms and organizations,
where we contribute in particular our knowledge
of global supply-chains and global product flows
between areas that generate (alternative) energy
and areas that consume energy

Technology
Cost to transition to • Switch to use of renewable energy • Additional investments in energy
lower emissions infrastructure at the terminals

Sustainability
Physical
Acute
Increasing severity of • Increasing frequency of extreme weather: • Higher insurance cost
extreme weather • Increasing frequency of extreme wind speeds • Business interruption resulting in loss
conditions and/or extreme rainfall, leading to increasing of revenues
frequency of flash floods and large-area • Damage and safety issues resulting in
floods in coastal regions investments in mitigation measures
• Increasing risk of drought in some regions • Variations in crop yield that affect our
(e.g. Australia and the Mediterranean), and biofuels and vegoil markets
seasonal droughts in other regions (e.g.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Central Europe and Central America)

Chronic
Rising sea levels • Increasing chance of flooding of our terminals • Extra investments in infrastructure or
will lead to extra costs for mitigation such as the increase of expenses payable to port
flood-walls built at our Hamburg terminal in authorities
Germany

Rising temperatures • This will lead to: • Increasing investments in cooling and
• Less heating of products, and more cooling in vapor treatment facilities
Financial Statements

requirements
• Ambient temperature increase will lead to an
increase in vapor pressure from the products
we store (liquid chemicals), therefore we
could be confronted with more vapor
emissions and smell mitigation issues

Changing precipitation • Increasing frequency of flash floods. • Investments in terminal infrastructure

patterns and humidity (such as storm sewers etc.).
Additional information
88 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Environmental (Planet)

Introduction
Climate-related opportunities

Executive Board report
Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change can, however, also present opportunities for Vopak. These
opportunities, their current impacts and potential future impacts are shown in the table below.

Opportunity Implications (Potential) Impacts

Resource efficiency / Energy source

Use of more efficient • Vopak is striving to adapt its energy consumption • Reduction in operating expenses
or renewable sources to lower emissions. One of the initiatives in the
(own consumption) past was to change our coal-fired installations
to lower carbon emissions by switching to gas.

Storing vital products

We already use 50% renewable energy at our LNG
terminals

with care
Markets
Development of new • An opportunity arising from changes in government • New markets / other business will result
storage markets policy, regulations and legislation is Carbon Capture in opportunities for growth of our business
and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Usage
(CCU). Vopak has been participating in a number of
CCS and CCU initiatives. This requires a higher
premium on carbon emissions and a reduction in
required capex and opex levels to become more
financially feasible

Key developments
Storage and handling • With the growing interest in more sustainable energy • Increased demand for storage of cleaner and

per division
of LNG and LPG and the ample supply of LNG and LPG, the demand low-carbon emissions fuels will result in new
for natural gas (and regasification) facilities is opportunities and growth of our LNG and
expected to increase in the future. Vopak’s LNG LPG business
business will benefit from such market growth and
we see opportunities in LNG import terminals as
well as in new business segments such as LNG
breakbulk, transshipment and truckloading services

Storage and handling • We already see a growth in new products, such • Increased demand for storage of bio-based
of bio liquids as biofuels, despite the issues and discussions liquids is expected to result in new
surrounding the first generation of biofuels. This trend opportunities and growth of our business

Sustainability
could possibly accelerate with the introduction of 2nd
and 3rd generation biofuels, such as oil from algae.
We are expanding our services in this specific field.
We started already in 2007, by building dedicated
storage facilities in various countries e.g. Brazil,
the Netherlands, Malaysia, United States etc.

Energy transition • Vopak is exploring the changes to its business. • Increased demand for storage of products
(changing customer New developments will be examined such as which facilitate the energy transition. As this
behavior and societal Power to Gas and Power to Liquid. To this end, is manifesting itself differently in different
demands) which will Vopak is participating in a number of platforms and regions, the opportunities to grow our
manifest itself differently organizations, where we contribute in particular business will also differ from one region

Governance, risk
and compliance
by region. our knowledge of global supply-chains and global to another. In OECD countries, we see an
product flows between areas that generate opportunity to position ourselves in the
(alternative) energy and areas that consume changing energy market through storage of
energy low-carbon energy carriers (like H2, Formic
Acid, Ammonia). In other markets, this will
create opportunities in the LPG market

Resilience
Participation in Energy • For the short term, Vopak is participating in the • Development of a new position in the energy
Programs EU Energy Efficiency Plan, to strive for a higher markets, through storage of low-carbon
Financial Statements

energy efficiency at our terminals. In order to energy carriers (like H2, Formic Acid,
achieve this we are committed to a number of Ammonia). This is expected to result in
energy efficiency initiatives to reduce our energy investments and changes in our portfolio mix
consumption per cubic meter storage with 20%
up to 2020 compared to 2005
• For the long term, we participate in energy
transition platforms focused on Power to
Chemicals and Power to Gas (Voltachem and
ISPT in the Netherlands), which are active in
the field of research, proof of concepts,
demonstration and implementation programs.
Additional information

Metrics and targets

We currently report on our key environmental impacts in the notes of this environmental section. We aim to
develop targets to manage climate-related risks and opportunities and performance against targets based on
scenario analysis as recommended by the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures.
89 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Financial and
governance (Profit)

Executive Board report
This section comprises notes which provide specifications and explanations to
Vopak’s performance on financial and governance impacts for the year 2017 and
the outlook for 2018 and beyond. Each note starts with the definition, the Group’s
reporting policies and boundaries.

Storing vital products

with care
The following notes are presented in this section:
• 10 Application of best practices
• 11 (Cyber) security threats
• 12 Business ethics and integrity
• 13 Financial performance
• 14 Our responsibility towards taxation

Note 10. Application of best practices

Key developments
per division
Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition

10 Registration and standardization of best practices around the world

Reporting policies
No additional topic-specific reporting policies for this note.

Sustainability
Boundaries
Data in this note include the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

How we performed

External certifications
Our Vopak Way Standards contains the Vopak minimum requirements for the implementation of a Vopak
Integrated Management System (VIMS). Complementing these standards, many Group companies also have

Governance, risk
and compliance
external certifications for their management systems, which are subject to external audits.

in % of group companies 2017

EMS Certifications
ISO 14001 - Environmental management 42
International Sustainability & Carbon Certification 1 11
Health & Safety Certifications
ISO 9001 - Quality management systems 77
Financial Statements

OSHA 18001 - Occupational health and safety assessment series 34

1. This includes both, EU (European) and DE (German) certification.

Additional information
90 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
External benchmarks

Executive Board report
As part of our efforts for continuous improvement and application of best practices, we participate in a range
of external benchmarks. Participating in these benchmark studies gives us valuable feedback and information
regarding Vopak´s performance in the areas of sustainability. A summary of these benchmark results is
presented in the table below.

Results

Score Strengths Areas for improvement

Dow Jones 59 out of 100 • Corporate governance • Human Capital Development
Sustainability • Customer relationship management • Human rights

Storing vital products

Index (DJSI) • Environmental reporting • Talent attraction & retention
• Social reporting • Supply chain management

with care
Carbon Disclosure C – –
Project (CDP)1
EcoVadis 56 out of 100 • Labor practices • Sustainable procurement
Transparancy­ 129 out of 200 • Relevance • Responsiveness and coherence
benchmark NL
VBDO Tax 28 out of 37 Vopak clearly describes its tax planning –
assessment strategy while also explicitly mentioning that it
acts in line with the letter and spirit of the law

Key developments
FTSE Russell 2.8 out of 5 • Corporate governance • Pollution & resources

per division
• Climate change • Biodiversity
• Health & safety
• Anti-corruption
Sustainalytics N/A • GHG emissions • Human capital development
• Health and Safety management • EMS & social certifications
• Governance • Tax disclosure

1. From CDP we did not receive detailed qualitative feedback.

Awards received

Sustainability
In 2017, Vopak entities received, among others, the following awards:
• Vopak Mexico - Veracruz terminal (Mexico) was awarded the ‘Clean Industry Certification’ by the environmental
regulator Mexico Federal Agency of Environmental Protection (PROFEPA) for demonstrating good
environmental management practices and compliance with legislation. Both Altamira Terminal (Mexico)
and Coatzacoalcos Terminal (Mexico) have been similarly certified
• Vopak Terminal Savannah (United States) received the Norfolk Southern Corporation’s ‘Thoroughbred
Chemical Safety Award’ for 2016. Norfolk Southern recognizes chemical manufacturers and plants that
ship at least 1,000 carloads of hazardous products over the railroad without a single incident
• The TLA terminal in Altamira (Mexico) was nominated as a Socially Responsible Business by the

Governance, risk
and compliance
Mexican Centre of Philanthropy for the third consecutive year
• In June 2017, Vopak Americas won the Safety Excellence Award of the International Liquid Terminal
Association (ILTA) for its safety performance in 2016
• On 19 July 2017, Vopak Terminal Merak (Indonesia) was proud to receive the prestigious ‘Zero Accident
National Level’ award from the Indonesia Ministry of Manpower
• Vopak Terminal Jakarta (Indonesia) received the Certificate of Appreciation SMK3 (local requirement
equivalent to OHSAS) from the Indonesian Ministry of Employment in recognition of the terminal’s
compliance with the SMK3 standards, one of the mandatory standards in this industry in Indonesia
Financial Statements

• On 29 August 2017, in recognition of its completion of more than 2 million hours without lost time injuries
from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2017, Vopak Terminal Jakarta (Indonesia) received the Patra Nirbhaya Karya
Utama Adi Nugraha I Award from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
• Vopak Terminal Zhangjiagang (China) was awarded by Methanex for its outstanding safety practice and
performance
• On 20 October 2017, Vopak Mexico received the Award for Excellence in Responsible Care for terminals
during the ANIQ FORUM. This award is delivered to the companies with the most outstanding performance
in the implementation of the Responsible Care Management System® awarded by the National Association
Additional information

of the Chemical Industry

• On 2 December 2017, Thai Tank Terminal (Thailand) was proud to receive a prestigious award for the most
innovative company in the field of logistics in Thailand
• Caojing Terminal (China) was honored with the title of Shanghai Employees’ Innovation Workshop by
Shanghai Municipal Federation of Trade Unions for the year of 2017.
91 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
Participations and partnerships

Executive Board report
Vopak participates in numerous forums, industry associations, think tanks and research institutes, technical
working groups, corporate networks and public-private partnerships, at local, national, regional and international
levels. These partnerships and memberships help us to stay tuned to changing stakeholder demands and
societal needs, signal new laws and changing market conditions, share best practices, learn from other
individuals or organizations, and finally participate in national and international debates about topics like
digitization and the energy transition.

These partnerships contribute in part to achieving our commitment to storing vital products with care. This
includes the Dutch and European associations of tank storage companies (VOTOB and FETSA), that aim in

Storing vital products

particular to lift industry safety standards; various national and regional associations of the chemical, gas or

with care
petrochemical industries; technical affiliations like the Chemical Distribution Institute - Terminals (CDI-T); the
Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), a voluntary association of oil companies with an interest
in the shipment and storage of crude oil, oil products, petrochemicals and gases; the Engineering Equipment
and Materials Users’ Association (EEMUA); the Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut which sets guidelines and
technical standards in the Netherlands (NEN); and a subcommittee of the World Association for Waterborne
Transport Infrastructure (PIANC), where we helped design technical guidelines for marine terminal infrastructure.

Other partnerships help us deliver on our commitment to store the vital products of today and tomorrow.

Key developments
In 2017, we sought to activate existing memberships and initiate new partnerships relating to the energy

per division
transition and the digital transformation. As we explore how we can contribute to solutions for a low-carbon
economy and a sustainable energy future, we are part of the Netherlands Hydrogen Platform (NWP), and the
Institute for Sustainable Process Technology (ISPT), which includes initiatives to develop renewables, Carbon
Capture and Usage, power-to-heat, power-to-product and power-to-liquids. We continued our participation
in the Dutch LNG Platform and in the TransitieCoalitie, which aims to accelerate the energy transition in the
Netherlands. In the field of innovation, our partnerships include SmartPorts, which support the port of Rotterdam
in its ambition to develop into Europe’s leading port and industrial complex of the future, as well as PortXL
and iTanks, which foster innovation in the port and accelerate startups. Finally, we engage in dialogues about

Sustainability
sustainability and energy transition in the Clingendael International Energy Program (CIEP), the International
Energy Forum (IEF) and the World Economic Forum (WEF).

2018 and beyond

Vopak’s standards and procedures are continuously updated, not only based on updated legislation, but also
according to the best practice sharing and feedback.

We will continue to participate in external associations and organizations to develop and update our internal
standards and programs, in particular for the tank storage industry.

Governance, risk
Note 11. (Cyber) security threats and compliance

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition

11 Refers to potential threats to tanks and terminals. This includes; cybersecurity and third-party security
(not natural disasters)
Financial Statements

Reporting policies
No additional topic-specific reporting policies for this note.

Boundaries
Data in this note include the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

How we performed
Additional information

Vopak applies a company-wide system to report and monitor incidents related to data leakage, data theft or
other loss of data. No incidents were reported during 2017. Although, there were two incidents with regard
to cybersecurity; however, they did not have a material impact.
92 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
2018 and beyond

Executive Board report
For our Operational Technology systems, we are implementing a security policy framework with related
controls based on the ISA/IEC-62443 Cybersecurity for Industrial Automation and Control Systems.

Note 12. Business ethics and integrity

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Materiality matrix no. Definition
Refers to ethical behavior within Vopak in accordance with the Code of Conduct and in relation to all

Storing vital products

9
stakeholders. Including; anti-corruption, bribery, compliance with legislative regulations, prevention of
fraud and bribery and cases of political funding

with care
Reporting policies
All significant fines and non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and/or regulations in the
social, environmental and economic area in terms are reported, if occurred.

Despite the fact that vapor, odor and stench complaints are not by choice or lack of ethics or integrity, we aim
to be transparent about any external complaint received from a governmental body or private party, such as

Key developments
neighbors or other companies.

per division
Boundaries
Data in this note include the information for all in-scope entities as noted in Basis of preparation.

How we performed

Incidents of discrimination, fraud, corruption and bribery

In 2017, 30 whistleblower cases were reported to the confidential officer. All whistleblower cases were followed

Sustainability
up and reported to the Executive Board and Supervisory Board. Appropriate action was taken including changes
in internal controls where necessary. None of the whistleblower cases related to discrimination. A total of eight
cases of fraud have come to the attention of the company, one of which was via the whistleblower channel.
None of the eight frauds have had a material financial consequence. All our employees are required to adhere
to our anti-corruption and anti-bribery policy and our Code of Conduct.

Permit violations
In general, permit violations and fines are related to three compliance issues:
• Non-compliance with operating permits (or expired permits)

Governance, risk
and compliance
• Non-compliance with environmental regulations and/or limits
• Non-compliance with safety regulations.

Two permit violations were issued to Vopak in 2017 resulting in a fine:

• At our Deer Park terminal (United States), the permit violation regarding excess emissions of vapors (VOC)
was settled with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the United States Department
of Justice, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Texas Attorney General. This resulted
in a fine of USD 2.5 million. The consent decree is not an admission of liability but rather represents
Financial Statements

an agreement between Vopak Terminal Deer Park and the government on a range of new controls and
processes. As part of the agreement, Vopak Terminal Deer Park is investing in capital upgrades at its facility,
including enhanced operations procedures and improved tank covers. The company is also investing in
advanced technologies such as the usage of Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) optical gas imaging cameras
• As announced in our 2016 Annual Report, the oil spill that occurred at dock on 31 March 2016 at Vopak
Terminal Los Angeles (United States) resulted in a second fine that was substantiated in 2017 for an
amount of USD 36,500.
Additional information
93 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
Vapor, odor and stench complaints

Executive Board report
2017 2016
Netherlands 193 34
Europe, Middle East & Africa 17 14
Asia 12 6
Americas 2 0
LNG 0 0
Global HQ 0 0

Storing vital products

Total Vopak 224 54

with care
During 2017, we received 224 stench complaints (2016: 54) of which 192 were related to Vopak Terminal
Europoort (the Netherlands), due to loading of ships previously carrying crude.

Despite the significant progress towards resolving our vapor issues and the implementation of Vapor Treatment
Units at Vopak Terminal Europoort (the Netherlands), we had twelve incidents during 2017 resulting in
192 complaints (2016: four incidents resulting in 32 complaints). As from mid-September until the end
of December, no stench complaints were received at Vopak Terminal Europoort.

Key developments
per division
The stench complaints in EMEA are related to our Durban terminal (South Africa), resulted from the handling
of ethyl acrylates, and our Algeciras terminal (Spain).

2018 and beyond

We strive to have no permit violations. Our Assure program will further improve the integrity of our assets and
the control of our processes. This should reduce our environmental impact resulting in mitigation of permit
violations.

Sustainability
In order to minimize the stench complaints at Vopak Terminal Europoort, we continue to align our processes
to external circumstances and optimize the use of our Vapor Treatment systems.

For contingencies regarding environmental obligations and other legal proceedings and risks, reference is
made to Note 8.8 Contingent assets and contingent liabilities of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 13. Financial performance

Definition, reporting policies and boundaries

Governance, risk
Materiality matrix no. Definition and compliance

14 Refers to the long-term profitability of Vopak

All financial data have been reported based on the financial information as included in the Financial Statements,
which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the European Union (EU).
Financial Statements

How we performed
Reference is made to the Executive Board report and the Consolidated Financial Statements for our financial
performance.

2018 and beyond

For further information with regard to our financial performance outlook, reference is made to the Report of
the Executive Board.
Additional information
94 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
Note 14. Our responsibility towards taxation

Executive Board report
Vopak’s Global Tax policy views taxation as an integral part of the business and as an important contribution to
Vopak’s position in the marketplace and society, by reflecting its attitude towards taxation as part of its corporate
social responsibility towards a wide range of stakeholders. As such, tax is an integral part of the company’s
sustainability policy:
• Vopak’s business strategy is leading: Vopak aims to achieve an effective tax rate that does not exceed the
weighted average statutory tax rate by avoiding double taxation, that does not trigger anti-abuse regulations
and that does not result in losing loss utilization opportunities. In addition, Vopak aims to optimize the use
of tax incentives and investment schemes for the purposes for which these have been designed. In striving
to achieve this goal, Vopak will only optimize real business structures and transactions and will not set-up

Storing vital products

legal entities or transactions solely for the purpose of tax savings or tax avoidance. The business strategy is

with care
leading. Vopak acts in line with the letter and the spirit of the law
• Vopak aims to minimize its cash tax rate to clear funds for sustainable growth. This is achieved, for example,
by making use of tax deferral facilities
• Vopak does not use ‘tax havens’, unless real economic activity takes place in the country
• Taxes that are merely collected by Vopak should not impact profit or interfere with the day-to-day business.
Automation of these collecting activities should be maximized for the purpose of efficiency improvement
and cost reduction
• Reliability and efficiency are key in Vopak’s service offering. As Vopak and its customers are continuously

Key developments
faced with customs and other duties during primary processes, Vopak aims to achieve reliable, fast and

per division
cost-efficient handling of customs and other duties without disturbing primary processes, when possible
by applying for an Authorized Economic Operator qualification or standards set for non-EU equivalents
• Vopak maintains and builds mutual professional and respectful relations with local tax authorities based
on open and transparent communications both verbal and in writing. Where possible, Vopak aims to enter
into cooperative compliance programs (e.g. the Netherlands)
• Vopak aims to fully comply with laws and regulations in technical and procedural matters. Tax positions
benefiting Vopak are only taken when sufficiently substantiated. Intercompany transactions are conducted
‘at arm’s length’

Sustainability
• To support the above, ‘tax surprises’ are unwanted (irrespective whether positive or negative) as these
could have a financial and reputational impact. Tax risks not aligned with the company’s risk appetite are
undesirable. Tax risk management and management of tax opportunities are embedded in the (tax) control
framework as well as in our enterprise risk management process. Adherence to the company’s risk appetite
is also monitored by, among other, the Global Risk Committee
• We will always adhere to the Vopak Values when executing our tax policy. In the unlikely situation that ‘ethical
dilemmas’ regarding tax occur within the Group, these are dealt with in accordance with the Vopak Values,
the Company’s Code of Conduct and the Global Tax Policy. Such dilemmas did not occur in the years reported on.

Governance, risk
and compliance
The tax policy applies to all countries where Vopak operates and where it is able to control adherence to this
policy. For operating companies where the company has joint control or only significant influence, the company
strives to apply the concepts of the tax policy as it cannot unilaterally enforce compliance.

The tax policy was further updated and approved by the Executive Board and implemented in 2017.

Vopak’s approach to tax has been discussed with our stakeholders as part of the stakeholder engagement
dialogue. For more information on this dialogue, reference is made to the section Stakeholder engagement
Financial Statements

and materiality assessment. This dialogue did not result in a revision of the company’s tax policy.

Vopak took the required actions to be able to comply with the newly introduced requirements for
country-by-country reporting. As IFRS requires that the Vopak Group is consolidated in the financial statements
of HAL Holding N.V. (HAL), a company listed and traded on Euronext in Amsterdam, Vopak is not entitled to
file its company country-by-country report with the tax authorities and has provided the required information
to HAL. HAL has confirmed to Vopak that it filed the HAL country-by-country report, which includes the Vopak
information.
Additional information

In the Netherlands, the company participates in the ‘Horizontaal Toezicht’ program, which is a cooperative
compliance program with the Dutch tax authorities.
95 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Financial and governance (Profit)

Introduction
Effective tax rate per main country

Executive Board report
Vopak pays a fair tax in the countries in which it operates. The largest operations are located in
the Netherlands, Singapore and the United States.

For an overview of the effective tax rate per main country per (geographical) division, reference is made to
the table below. For more information on the segments and other financial information per segment, reference
is made to note 2.1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Including exceptionals Excluding exceptionals

Storing vital products

Statutory tax rate Effective tax rate Statutory tax rate Effective tax rate
The Netherlands (incl. Global HQ) 25.0% -138.6% 25.0% -5.2%

with care
Europe, Middle East & Africa -81.8% 429.4% 29.1% 7.5%
of which:
Belgium 34.0% -69.9% 34.0% 35.7%
Germany 33.0% 32.0% 33.0% 32.0%
Spain 25.0% 18.9% 25.0% 18.9%

Americas 36.7% 4.7% 36.7% 36.7%

Key developments
of which:

per division
United States 35.0% -6.3% 35.0% 36.0%
Mexico 30.0% 36.9% 30.0% 36.9%
Brazil 34.0% 12.4% 34.0% 12.4%

Asia 18.2% 23.1% 19.7% 18.1%

of which:
China 25.0% 21.2% 25.0% 21.2%
Australia 30.0% 30.1% 30.0% 30.1%
Singapore 17.0% 16.2% 17.0% 16.2%

Sustainability
Indonesia 25.1% 38.6% 25.1% 38.6%
India 33.8% 61.1% 33.8% 61.1%

Total Vopak 25.3% 8.4% 25.2% 16.5%

The effective tax rate of EMEA contains the effect of the change in the tax rate in Belgium and recovery of
previously unrecognized tax receivables and confirmed past tax payables. The effective tax rate in Americas
contains the effect of the recent change in the tax rate in the United States. For a more detailed reconciliation

Governance, risk
and compliance
between the weighted average statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate of the Group, including an
explanation of the differences, reference is made to note 7.1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Risk and risk management

The principal risks of Vopak and the mitigating actions applied by management are disclosed in this Annual
Report. Although the company has no principal risks relating specifically to tax, tax is an integral part of the
risk management process of the company. For an overview of the principal risks of the company, reference is
made to the section Risk management and internal control in the Governance, risk and compliance chapter.
Financial Statements

Furthermore, Vopak’s Key Control Framework has a dedicated section stipulating the internal controls, which
address the risks related to tax and which enforce compliance with the global tax policy. The In-control
statement by the Executive Board, as included in this Annual Report, is based on the effectiveness of
Vopak’s internal controls, including those relating to tax. For more information, including the involvement
of Global Internal Audit in the monitoring of the effectiveness of internal controls, reference is made to
section Risk management and internal control in the Governance, risk and compliance chapter.
Additional information
 Introduction
Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Cybersecurity

Key developments
per division
protecting the
customers

Sustainability
of our customers
“FERM helps With the continued increase in digitization of our operations comes more
risk and a greater need for cybersecurity. A cybercrime common in our
raise awareness industry is storage spoofing -- a non-existent company set up online to

Governance, risk
among companies and compliance
scam companies on the basis of their non-existent storage capacities,
resources and materials and services at the terminals in the Rotterdam

about cyber port area.

risks” To help prevent companies from falling victim to this type of cybercrime
and other types of cybercrime, the Rotterdam Port Cyber Resilience
program set up the FERM project. FERM helps raise awareness among
companies about cyber risks and it has compiled a storage spoofing
Financial Statements

blacklist on its website. The blacklisted websites are unreliable and

often based on existing companies in the Rotterdam port area.

Target companies for this type of fraud include national and multinational
companies that either operate or are looking for storage facilities in the
port area or buyers of the goods stored at these terminals. The goods
and services are offered to companies but are non-existent.
Additional information

FERM also focuses on monitoring the development of this type of

cybercrime and identifying trends that can then also be used to
improve their prevention program.
 Introduction
Governance, risk
and compliance

Executive Board report
Supervisory Board members
Supervisory Board report

Storing vital products

Remuneration report

with care
Corporate governance
Corporate Governance Statement
Risk management and internal control

Key developments
Shareholder information

per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
98 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Supervisory Board
members

Executive Board report
Mr Ben Noteboom Mr Carel van den Driest
Chairman Member
Chairman of the Selection and Appointment Member of the Selection and Appointment
Committee and Member of the Remuneration Committee

Storing vital products

Committee Nationality Dutch

with care
Nationality Dutch Year of birth 1947
Year of birth 1958 Career Mr Carel van den Driest is Director of
Career Mr Ben Noteboom was previously CEO of Carelshaven B.V. Mr Van den Driest previously held
Randstad Holding N.V. Mr Noteboom was first the position of Chairman of the Executive Board
appointed to the Supervisory Board on 20 April 2016. of Royal Vopak and was first appointed to the
His current term ends in 2020. He is a member of Supervisory Board on 27 April 2006. His current term
the Supervisory Boards of Wolters Kluwer N.V., ends in 2018. He is a member of the Supervisory
Aegon N.V., Royal Ahold Delhaize and Stichting Boards of Anthony Veder Group N.V. (Chairman),

Key developments
Holland Festival. He is also Chairman of Stichting Van Oord N.V. (Chairman) and Teslin Capital

per division
Prioriteit Ordina Groep and a board member of Management B.V. (Chairman). He does not
Cancer Center Amsterdam. He owns 3,500 own any Vopak shares.
Vopak shares.
Mrs Hanne Sørensen
Mr Mel Groot Member
Vice-Chairman Member of the Audit Committee
Member of the Audit Committee and Member of Nationality Danish
the Selection and Appointment Committee Year of birth 1965

Sustainability
Nationality Dutch Career Mrs Hanne Sørensen was previously CEO
Year of birth 1959 of Damco International B.V. and Maersk Tankers.
Career Mr Mel Groot is Chairman of the Executive Mrs Sørensen was first appointed to the Supervisory
Board of HAL Holding N.V. Mr Groot was first Board on 19 April 2017. Her current term ends in 2021.
appointed to the Supervisory Board on She is a member of the Non-Executive Board of
18 December 2014. His current term ends in 2018. LafargeHolcim Ltd. and Tata Motors Ltd. and a
He is a member of the Supervisory Boards of member of the Board of Directors of Ferrovial S.A.
GrandVision N.V. and Anthony Veder Group N.V. and Delhivery Pvt. Ltd. She does not own any
Mr Groot is also a non-executive director of Vopak shares.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Safilo SpA. He does not own any Vopak shares.
Mr Rien Zwitserloot
Mr Frans Cremers Member
Member Chairman of the Remuneration Committee
Chairman of the Audit Committee Nationality Dutch
Nationality Dutch Year of birth 1949
Year of birth 1952 Career Mr Rien Zwitserloot was previously Chairman
Career Mr Frans Cremers was previously a member of the Executive Board of Wintershall Holding A.G.
Financial Statements

of the Executive Board and CFO of VNU N.V. Mr Zwitserloot was first appointed to the Supervisory
Mr Cremers was first appointed to the Supervisory Board on 1 October 2009. His current term ends in
Board on 1 October 2004. His current term ends in 2021. He is a member of the Supervisory Boards of
2018. He is Chairman of the Supervisory Board of TenneT Holding B.V., ACT Commodities Group B.V.
SBM Offshore N.V. and Wolters Kluwer N.V. He is and Vroon Group B.V. He does not own any
also a member of the Board of Directors of Stichting Vopak shares.
Preferente Aandelen Philips, Stichting Preferente
Aandelen Heijmans and Stichting Preferente
Additional information

Aandelen B KPN. He does not own any Vopak shares.

99 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Supervisory Board
report

Executive Board report
Supervision During its 2017 meetings the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board oversees and advises the discussed a number of recurring topics at each
Executive Board in performing its management tasks meeting. The Supervisory Board lends particular
and guides the company’s operational and financial importance to sustainability in its discussions.

Storing vital products

development. In performing their duties, the Other topics included the company’s operational

with care
members of the Supervisory Board are guided by and financial objectives and financial performance,
the interests of Vopak and all its stakeholders. financing of the company and succession planning
for senior management. In addition the Supervisory
The Supervisory Board met six times face-to-face in Board reviewed the further improvement and
regular meetings during 2017 next to three additional optimization of the organizational efficiencies by
meetings to discuss investment proposals. All of streamlining the divisional structure. An important
these meetings were held jointly with the full choice was made by the Supervisory Board regarding
Executive Board present. Almost all plenary sessions the nomination of Mr G.B. Paulides to be appointed

Key developments
of the Supervisory Board were accompanied by an as Member of the Executive Board and CFO for

per division
executive session with the CEO in attendance or held a period of four years effective 1 February 2018.
solely with the members of the Supervisory Board
present. Between meetings the Chairman of the The Supervisory Board discussed and approved
Supervisory Board had regular contact with the CEO the 2018 budget, quarterly reports and various
to discuss the current state of affairs of the company investment proposals related to expansions at several
and to prepare for meetings. existing locations and acquisition opportunities.
The Supervisory Board also reviewed the progress
None of the Supervisory Board members were of ongoing projects and the pipeline of new projects.

Sustainability
absent from the Supervisory Board regular meetings.
In 2017, the average attendance at these meetings External auditors were present at two meetings of
was 100%. the Supervisory Board in which the annual results and
half-year results were discussed. The interim report
Strategy is one of the Supervisory Board’s main and auditors report issued by the external auditors
priorities and is an integral part of its considerations were reviewed during these meetings. The minutes
and decision making processes. In 2017, a two-day of all the meetings of the Audit Committee,
session was fully dedicated to discussing the Remuneration Committee and the Selection and
execution of the Vopak Beyond 400 strategy with Appointment Committee are shared with and

Governance, risk
and compliance
the Executive Board centering around growth, reviewed by the Supervisory Board.
competitive efficiency and the application of
innovative technologies aimed at long term value The Supervisory Board discussed the operation of the
creation. By means of an in-depth and permanent company’s risk management and control systems.
dialogue the Supervisory Board is constantly involved In the absence of the Executive Board members,
in developing, regularly monitoring and evaluating the Supervisory Board discussed the performance
the Beyond 400 company strategy. For instance, new of the Executive Board and the proposal by the
business opportunities are always assessed against Remuneration Committee for the remuneration of
Financial Statements

their strategic rationale and the principal risks both the Executive Board.
for the short and long term are evaluated thoroughly.
Choices made by the company can thereby be The Supervisory Board evaluated its own
challenged and the underlying arguments weighed performance in 2017 and that of its committees.
against each other. The Supervisory Board approved In preparation and as part of the self-assessment
the strategy as being effectuated by the Executive procedure, each member completed a questionnaire.
Board. In executing the strategy, the company will Observations in regard to the functioning of the
make clear choices while continuing to allocate the Supervisory Board, its relationship with the Executive
Additional information

available capital in the right manner and to the right Board and other stakeholders of the company were
locations. hereby taken into account. This was discussed and
assessed by the Supervisory Board during the
meeting held in December 2017. Main topics
and conclusions of the evaluation relate to the
100 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Supervisory Board report

Introduction
effectiveness of the Supervisory Board in fulfilling The Supervisory Board recognizes its own role in

Executive Board report
its tasks, the effectiveness of the committees and of the company’s corporate governance structure,
the individual members. Where necessary required with members receiving updates and information
actions were taken such as the introduction directly to adequately fulfill their roles and responsibilities.
after every regular meeting of a closed session with Ongoing education is an important part of good
only Supervisory Board members present. governance. As part of the induction program,
The relationship with the Executive Board and new members of the Supervisory Board visit various
engagement with the organization are also included terminal locations and meet with divisional and local
in the evaluation process. The outcome of the management. They also attend induction sessions at
evaluation process shows that it meets the which they are informed about financial, reporting,

Storing vital products

governance requirements. internal audit, HR, commercial and business

with care
development, IT, legal and governance related affairs.
Composition of the
Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board has taken note of the revised
The Supervisory Board currently comprises six Dutch Corporate Governance Code and was advised
members: Mr Noteboom (Chairman), Mr Groot that it does not bring fundamental changes to the
(Vice-Chairman), Mr Cremers, Mr Van den Driest, company’s corporate governance structure. Where
Mrs Sørensen and Mr Zwitserloot. At the AGM held necessary the company’s regulations have been
on 19 April 2017, Mrs Sørensen was appointed as amended to comply with the amended Code.

Key developments
member of the Supervisory Board for a term of four

per division
years. Mr Zwitserloot was reappointed as a member All Supervisory Board members, except for one,
of the Supervisory Board for a term of four years. as permitted by the Code, qualify as independent in
In accordance with the resignation schedule, the meaning of best practice provision 2.1.7 of the
Mr Van Rossum stepped down from the Supervisory Dutch Corporate Governance Code. Mr Groot does
Board following the AGM held on 19 April 2017. not satisfy all independence criteria. In 2017, there
He was succeeded as Chairman of the Supervisory was no actual or potential conflict of interest between
Board by Mr Noteboom who qualifies as independent Vopak, any Supervisory Board or Executive Board
in the meaning of best practice provisions 2.1.8 and member.

Sustainability
2.1.9 of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code.
The Supervisory Board would like to thank The Supervisory Board has three committees: the
Mr Van Rossum for his valuable contribution to Audit Committee, the Selection and Appointment
the company during his ten-year tenure. Committee and the Remuneration Committee.
Their roles are described below in more detail. The
In accordance with the resignation schedule, committees generate, review and discuss detailed
Messrs C.J. van den Driest and F.J.G.M Cremers will information and prepare recommendations relating to
step down from the Supervisory Board following the their specific areas while the full Supervisory Board
Annual General Meeting to be held on 18 April 2018. retains overall responsibility and always takes the final

Governance, risk
and compliance
It will be proposed to appoint Mrs L. Foufopoulos - decisions. In each case, the Committee Chair reports
De Ridder and Mr B. van der Veer as members of the Committee’s main considerations and findings to
the Supervisory Board for a term of four years and the full Supervisory Board, usually immediately after
to reappoint Mr M.F. Groot as Vice-Chairman of the the relevant Committee meeting.
Supervisory Board also for a term of four years.
Furthermore, on 16 February 2018 it was The Audit Committee assists the Supervisory Board in
announced that Hanne B. Sørensen decided to its responsibility to oversee Vopak’s financing, financial
step down as a member of the Supervisory Board statements, financial reporting, compliance and
Financial Statements

of Vopak as per 16 February 2018, following her system of internal business controls, risk management
decision to accept another board opportunity outside and audit findings. Non-financial topics are also
the Netherlands. reviewed as part of risk management including
whistleblower cases. The Remuneration Committee
For more information about the Supervisory Board primarily makes recommendations regarding the
members, reference is made to the Supervisory remuneration and the remuneration policy of the
Board members section in this Annual Report. Executive Board and the Supervisory Board.
Additional information
101 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Supervisory Board report

Introduction
Audit Committee This assessment included a consideration of the

Executive Board report
The Audit Committee met five times in 2017. quality of the audit work, the expertise and
The average attendance rate was 93.3%. All meetings composition of the audit team, the audit fee
were attended by the CFO, the Global Director and the quality control within the audit firm.
Control and Business Analysis and the Global Director
Internal Audit. The external auditor was also present Finally, the Audit Committee assessed its own
at all of these meetings. In general, the Audit performance throughout the year and its regulations,
Committee, together with the external auditor, supported by an extensive questionnaire that was
discusses at the end of of each meeting, without discussed by all Audit Committee members. The
management being present, its assessment of Audit Committee’s performance met the

Storing vital products

Vopak’s activities, risk assessment and internal requirements in all areas. During 2017, Mr Cremers

with care
control systems as well as collaboration with the continued to act as financial expert.
Executive Board and the organization.
Selection and Appointment
A core task of the Audit Committee was to Committee
extensively review the financial reports and the The Selection and Appointment Committee is
budget before consideration by the full Supervisory primarily tasked with advising on candidates to
Board. The Audit Committee also discussed topics fill vacancies in both the Executive Board and the
related to Vopak’s financing structure, analyses of the Supervisory Board.

Key developments
financial ratios, pensions, status of legal claims and An important activity of the Selection and

per division
proceedings, tax matters, fraud and whistleblowing Appointment Committee is also succession planning
reports, reports on the risks associated with the of senior management up to and including the
company’s operational, commercial, financial and members of the Executive Board. The Selection and
other activities, compliance matters as well as the Appointment Committee met two times in 2017. The
company’s management reporting. It also discussed average attendance rate was 100%. During these
the dividend proposal for 2017, voluntarily meetings the Selection and Appointment Committee
prepayment of the USPP 2007 notes and the discussed various relevant topics in detail.
company’s views on notifications from Dutch

Sustainability
corporate governance platform organizations and This includes diversity-related topics to ensure that
the Dutch regulator (AFM). the composition of both Boards represents a good
balance in terms of diversity (including experience,
The Audit Committee considered the 2017 audit gender, and nationality). Diversity in a broad sense
plan of the external auditor and the Internal Audit continues to be a topic on the Supervisory Board
department’s plan for 2018. Both audit plans were agenda and is therefore discussed by the Selection
approved by the Supervisory Board. The main topics and Appointment Committee on a regular basis.
of the audit plan include the materiality levels, the In line with the company’s diversity program the
audit scope, the key audit risks and the key elements Supervisory Board supports the efforts of the

Governance, risk
and compliance
of the audit approach as well as the auditor’s company to strive for a global workforce that is
assessment of the risk of fraud within the company. a reflection of society and to create a working
The audit reports from Internal Audit performed environment where all employees feel included.
during 2017 and the progress realized in As part of its regular activities, the Selection and
implementing recommendations from audits, were Appointment Committee discussed extensively,
also considered. The Audit Committee reviewed the among others, the rotation schedule, the future
risk management and internal control processes and composition of the Supervisory Board and the
discussed the recommendations in the management specific profiles of the Supervisory Board members.
Financial Statements

letters and the relationship with the external auditor. In 2017 the Selection and Appointment Committee
Deloitte Accountants B.V. has been appointed as the performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the
external auditor of the company to audit the annual Executive Board members both individually as well
statements of the company for the financial year as performing as a team in leading the company and
ending 31 December 2017. The Audit Committee implementing the strategy. This evaluation was
monitored the independence of the external auditor. performed based on consultation of the Executive
During 2017, non-audit services were not provided by Board members and based on the Supervisory Board
the group’s external auditor but only audit or audit- members’ own knowledge and opinions. The
Additional information

related services were provided. The performance of conclusion of this evaluation was positive and no
the external auditor was assessed based on a major actions were considered necessary in view
satisfaction survey conducted among the divisions, of the conclusions of the evaluations which was
operating companies and relevant global functions. supported by the full Supervisory Board.
102 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Supervisory Board report

Introduction
The main assignment for the Selection and Remuneration Committee

Executive Board report
Appointment Committee in 2017 was the recruitment The Remuneration Committee met three times in
process for the CFO role to fill the vacancy in the regular meetings and held one extra meeting in 2017.
Executive Board following the decision of Mr De Kreij The average attendance rate was 100%. In addition,
to step down as per 1 February 2018. The the Committee held regular informal consultations
Supervisory Board is grateful to Mr De Kreij for his and consulted professional internal and external
significant contributions to the company during his advisors. For the following topics that recur annually,
15 year tenure of serving as CFO since January 2003 proposals were developed and submitted to the
and as Vice-Chairman of the Executive Board. In Supervisory Board for approval:
addition, the Selection and Appointment Committee • The actual short-term incentive for 2016

Storing vital products

has been actively looking for new Supervisory Board • The targets for the short-term and long-term

with care
members. Diversity is an important aspect in the incentive plans 2017
search for the right candidates. The recruitment • The annual base salary of Executive Board
process makes use of the specific profiles for the members in 2018
various positions within the Executive Board and the • The incentive plans opportunities and targets
Supervisory Board. These profiles are drawn up for the Short-Term Incentive Plan 2018 and the
against the background of the full Executive and Long-Term Incentive Plan 2018-2020.
Supervisory Board’s profile. These profiles take into
account the specific nature of the company, its In line with the strategic competitiveness initiative

Key developments
stakeholders and its activities. The desired expertise of the company, the Committee felt it appropriate

per division
and background relating to economic, environmental to review the key performance indicators for the
and social topics are also considered. The process is short-term incentive program focusing on profitability
aimed at maintaining a composition consisting of a (EBIT), efficiency (cost levels), front-line execution
well-balanced mix of competencies and experienced (safety and customer service) and growth
professionals who deal with key areas in an (EB effectiveness) and proposed a new framework
appropriate manner. External search agencies are that suitably reflected these objectives.
being engaged for the fielding of candidates for
succession and nomination. With respect to the Long-Term Incentive Plan, the

Sustainability
Committee proposed a comprehensively revised
It was announced on 17 October 2017 that the set of Framework Plan Rules and supporting
Supervisory Board of Vopak will nominate Mr Paulides documentation, in line with market best practice and
to be appointed as Member of the Executive Board in conformity with legal provisions with effect from
and CFO for a period of four years effective the 2017-2019 Plan. The Committee also proposed
1 February 2018. During the Extraordinary General to maintain EPS as the key performance criterion for
Meeting held on 15 December 2017, the nomination the LTIP 2018-2020 Plan and will carry out a detailed
of Mr Paulides was approved by the General review of the criteria in the course of 2018.
Shareholders Meeting.

Governance, risk
and compliance
The Remuneration Committee conducted a
In its search for a successor of Mr Cremers in the role comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the total
of financial expert, the Selection and Appointment compensation levels and individual components
Committee has proposed to the Supervisory Board to thereof, of the Executive Board against the
nominate Mr Van der Veer to be appointed as a new benchmark sets of companies with the help of
member of the Supervisory Board. Mr Van der Veer external consultants.
has gained extensive senior management experience
in various executive and non-executive functions at The findings of the benchmark confirmed that the
Financial Statements

internationally operating companies. short-term and long-term incentive opportunity levels

were well-aligned with the peer group benchmark and
with the Vopak Remuneration policy which:
• Has a focus on long-term value creation
• Takes into account the internal pay ratios within
Vopak on a total remuneration basis
• Takes into account the scenario analyses carried
out to validate payout outcomes.
Additional information
103 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Supervisory Board report

Introduction
The Remuneration Committee also took note of the The members of the Supervisory Board have signed

Executive Board report
views of the individual EB members on the structure the financial statements in order to comply with the
and amount of their total remuneration when drafting statutory obligation pursuant to article 2:101
the remuneration proposal for 2018 as required in paragraph 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
the 2016 Corporate Governance Code.
Rotterdam, 15 February 2018
For further details on the remuneration policy,
reference is made to the Vopak website. For further The Supervisory Board
details on the actual remuneration during 2017 and B.J. Noteboom (Chairman)
the shareholding positions of the Executive Board M.F. Groot (Vice-Chairman)

Storing vital products

and the Supervisory Board, reference is made to F.J.G.M. Cremers

with care
the Remuneration report. The Supervisory Board C.J. van den Driest
would like to express its sincere appreciation to the H.B.B. Sørensen
Executive Board and all the company’s employees R.G.M. Zwitserloot
for their dedication and hard work in achieving
a successful 2017.

Key developments
2017 attendance at regular Supervisory Board and committee meetings for the appointment period

per division
Selection and
Appointment Remuneration
Member Supervisory Board Audit Committee Committee Committee
A. van Rossum 100% 100% 100%
B.J. Noteboom 100% 100% 100% 100%
M.F. Groot 100% 100% 100%
F.J.G.M. Cremers 100% 100%
C.J. van den Driest 100% 100%

Sustainability
H.B.B. Sørensen 100% 80%
R.G.M. Zwitserloot 100% 100%

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
104 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Remuneration report

Executive Board report
This section of the Annual Report provides an overview of the implementation
of Vopak’s remuneration policy for the members of the Executive Board and the
Supervisory Board during 2017.

Remuneration Policy 2017

The Supervisory Board decides annually on a total remuneration package for the Executive Board, which is

Storing vital products

designed in a manner that ensures external competitiveness and internal consistency. This package is

with care
composed of the following four elements:
• An annual fixed base salary
• A short-term variable remuneration
• A long-term variable remuneration
• A pension plan

External competitiveness
In defining the remuneration packages, the Remuneration Committee benchmarks with the help of an external

Key developments
advisor, the total remuneration of the Executive Board members of Vopak with those of similar positions in

per division
terms of job levels of Dutch listed large and medium size companies (AEX and AMX).

Internal consistency
The Supervisory Board considers the internal consistency as important as the external consistency with the
reference market, recognizing that this is the responsibility of the Executive Board. The total remuneration
packages for the Executive Board members and senior management are for the larger part aligned in terms of the
remuneration elements and the design and targets of the short-term and long-term variable remuneration plans.

Sustainability
In addition to the external competitiveness and internal consistency alignment, the overall total remuneration
of the CEO takes into consideration factors like the size of the Company, global presence, profile of the CEO
and complexity of the business. Expressed as a ratio to the average total remuneration of Vopak employees
globally, the CEO Pay Ratio for 2017 is 17.3 (2016: 23.4). This ratio is based on the total CEO remuneration
including STIP, 3 year average IFRS cost of LTIP and pensions versus the total personnel costs (minus the total
CEO remuneration) divided by the average FTE.

The characteristics of the short-term and long-term variable remuneration plans are summarized in the following
table in terms of the type of incentive (cash or shares), the performance criteria (financial and non-financial) and

Governance, risk
and compliance
the annualized incentive opportunities related to the targets set at the beginning of the year.

Variable Type of Performance Incentive as %

component incentive criterion of annual base salary

Threshold 2 Target Maximum

Short-term variable Cash 50% : Financial target (EBITDA)

1
Chairman 15% 60% 90%
remuneration +/- 10% discretionary range on the
financial incentive result
Financial Statements

50%1: Non-financial targets Member 12.5% 50% 75%

Safety (personal and process safety);
Customer satisfaction; EB effectiveness

Long-term variable Shares 3 Financial target (EPS) Chairman 50% 100% 150%4
remuneration +/- 10% discretionary range on the
financial incentive result
Member 40% 80% 120%4
1. 50%-50% distribution at target level. No payout of non-financial component in case performance is below target levels, for non-financial targets.
2. Threshold only applies to financial targets. No variable remuneration is paid below the threshold level.
Additional information

3. Payout for the Long Term Share Plan 2015-2017 will be 50% in Shares and 50% in Cash, while the payout for the LTSP 2016-2018 and the
LTSP 2017-2019, will be fully in shares, with the exception of Mr De Kreij, for whom the Plan will be cash-settled as per Plan rules, due to
his retirement in 2018.
4. Annualized values of an award as a percentage of the average salary during the plan period.
105 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Remuneration report

Introduction
In April 2017, the Annual General Meeting approved the proposal of the Supervisory Board to further align the

Executive Board report
incentive packages with the Dutch AEX/AMX job-level based market with an increase in the incentive
opportunity from January 2017 as shown below.

Variable compensation 2017

Short-term variable Long-term variable Total
remuneration remuneration variable remuneration

Target Max Target Max Target Max

E.M. Hoekstra 2017 60% 90% 100% 150% 160% 240%

Storing vital products

2016 60% 90% 90% 135% 150% 225%
J.P. de Kreij and 2017 50% 75% 80% 120% 130% 195%

with care
F. Eulderink
2016 50% 75% 70% 105% 120% 180%

In continuation of the ‘roof tile’ plan structure of Long-Term Share Plans which started with the Long-Term
Share Plan 2014-2016, another ‘roof tile’ Plan has been granted in terms of the Long-Term Share Plan 2017-2019.

Long-Term Share Plan Plan period and year of actual award

Key developments
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

per division
Long Term Share Plan 2015-2017 Award
Long Term Share Plan 2016-2018 Award
Long Term Share Plan 2017-2019 Award

In determining the set-up of the variable remuneration plans, the likely scenarios on possible outcomes and
consequences of these outcomes on the total remuneration packages were analyzed and taken into
consideration.

Sustainability
The pension plan for the Executive Board remained unchanged in 2017.

For further details of the Remuneration Policy 2017, reference is made to the Vopak website.

Actual remuneration entitlements Executive Board 2017

The table below shows the actual remuneration to which each member of the Executive Board was entitled in
2017. The actual costs for the period incurred by the company for the remuneration of the Executive Board
including accrued amounts for the long-term incentive plans are disclosed separately.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Annual base Short-Term Long-Term
salary Incentive Incentive Pension Total
1 1
In EUR thousands 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
E.M. Hoekstra 625 625 156 563 220 1,916 144 121 1,145 3,225
J.P. de Kreij 520 520 108 390 149 1,196 189 190 966 2,296
F. Eulderink 500 500 104 375 143 1,135 163 136 910 2,146
G.B. Paulides 2
38 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 8 n/a 46 n/a
Financial Statements

Total 1,683 1,645 368 1,328 512 4,247 504 447 3,067 7,667
1. The short-term incentive amounts 2017 include the incentive for the customer service part assumed at target levels, since the actual
NPS result will be available in March 2018. The total actual amount will be presented at the Annual General Meeting 2018.
2. Mr Paulides has been employed by Vopak from 1 December 2017 but has formally become part of the Executive Board as CFO from
1 February 2018 replacing Mr De Kreij who retired as of that date.

With regard to the long-term incentive program, the 2014-2016 incentive plan vested fully and was settled 50%
in cash and 50% in performance shares as per Plan rules, with a one-off multiplier of 3 to bridge the gap
between the last long-term incentive payout in 2014 and the next payout in 2017 since no new plans were
Additional information

granted in interim years.

106 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Remuneration report

Introduction
Annual Base salary 2017

Executive Board report
Results of external benchmarking on total compensation against similar positions in the AEX and AMX
companies in the Netherlands indicated that the fixed pay levels of the Executive Board were generally in line
with the market. The salaries of the Executive Board members, therefore, remained unchanged.

Short-term variable remuneration 2017

The achievements on the pre-set short-term incentive (STI) targets for 2017 were evaluated beginning of 2018.
The table below shows the results for each board member on the various performance criteria, both in target
and actual percentage of the annual base salary.

Storing vital products

Base
Salary Target results Total STI 2017

with care
Customer
Financial Safety satisfaction Effectiveness Opportunity Actual 1
In EUR thousands 2017 Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual1 Target Actual Target Max in % In EUR
E.M. Hoekstra 625 30% 0% 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 60% 90% 25% 156
J.P. de Kreij 520 25% 0% 8.33% 4.17% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 50% 75% 20.83% 108
F. Eulderink 500 25% 0% 8.33% 4.17% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 8.33% 50% 75% 20.83% 104

Key developments
G.B. Paulides 2
38 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

per division
1. The actual short-term incentive 2017 including the result on customer satisfaction, will be presented at the AGM 2018.
2. Mr Paulides has been employed by Vopak from 1 December 2017 but has formally become part of the Executive Board as CFO from
1 February 2018 replacing Mr De Kreij who retired as of that date.

Financial
With regard to the financial target, EBITDA -excluding exceptional items- for 2017 amounted to EUR 763.2 million,
which did not meet the threshold of the range set at the beginning of the year, after considering specific
adjustments, which among others related to the impact of the divested terminals.

Sustainability
For details on the EBITDA development during 2017, reference is made to the section Financial performance in
the Executive Board report chapter. The Supervisory Board decided not to use the +/-10% discretionary range
on the financial incentive result.

Results on the pre-set non-financial performance targets for the short-term incentive, related to safety
(personal safety and process safety), customer satisfaction and effectiveness of the Executive Board as a team,
are as follows:

Safety

Governance, risk
and compliance
Vopak’s ‘License to Operate’ and its ‘License to Grow’ are conditional upon its ability to operate safely and
responsibly. The long-term aim is Zero Incidents and no harm to anybody working at a Vopak facility or to the
environment. Process safety and the occupational health and safety of employees and contractors is the
Company’s top priority. Further initiatives have been introduced during 2017 like measuring key performance
based upon actual and potential incident severity, measuring actual performance through lagging indicators
and increasing the use of leading indicators to drive improvements.

The 2017 personal safety target measured by the Total Injury Rate (TIR) was not met, notably due to two
Financial Statements

fatalities and unsatisfactory safety performances in Vopak China, Vopak EMEA and Vopak Netherlands with the
other divisions showing year-on-year improvement as compared to target. The process safety performance was
overall in line with the internal target set for the year based on the consolidation principles for sustainability
reporting purposes.

For further details on our safety results, reference is made to the Sustainability chapter of this Annual Report.

Customer Satisfaction
Additional information

Our customer service improvement efforts have further increased in 2017 in order to remain in the top league of
service providers in the world. Vopak further intensified the service dialogues with its customers and also other
service providers to its customers operating in the same supply chain and having interactions with various
terminals, focusing on driving the service level performance to the next level in order to reach the Best in Port
107 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Remuneration report

Introduction
ambition. Finally Vopak strives to accelerate the performance of their lowest performing terminals to reduce the

Executive Board report
gap against their top performers.

Since the customer satisfaction survey measuring the Net Promoter Score runs until end of February 2018,
actual data for the STI 2017 are not yet available and therefore assumed at target levels in the STI calculations.
The actual STI amounts will be reported at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in April 2018.

Team effectiveness
Based on individual evaluation meetings with the Executive Board, on the implementation and realization of the
agenda of the Executive Board for 2017 as set at the beginning of the year, the Supervisory Board evaluated the

Storing vital products

team performance of the Executive Board as ‘effective’.

with care
Long-term variable remuneration 2017
The EPS realization for the Long-Term Share Plan 2015-2017 was above threshold level and will result in a
vesting payout in 2018.

For further details on the Long-Term Incentive Plans, reference is made to the Remuneration Policy 2017 on the
Vopak website and note 6.2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Key developments
Share ownership

per division
The share portfolios of each of the Executive Board members at year-end 2016 and 2017 are indicated in the
following table. The table distinguishes between privately invested shares acquired at the own cost and risk of
the individual Executive Board members over the past years, and performance shares acquired on a net basis as
rewards under the long-term incentive plans vested since 2011.

The overview does not include potentially awarded shares under the Long-Term Share Plans 2015-2017,
2016-2018 and 2017-2019. These plans will be settled respectively in 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Sustainability
Rewarded
performance Privately
shares year- invested shares Total shares Total shares
In number of shares end 2017 year-end 2017 year-end 2017 year-end 2016
E.M. Hoekstra 34,698 9,582 44,280 22,871
J.P. de Kreij 63,652 300,000 363,652 350,286
F. Eulderink 17,100 1,750 18,850 5,173
1. The Vopak share price at the end of 2017 and 2016 was EUR 36.57 and EUR 44.88 respectively.

Governance, risk
and compliance
The performance shares may be sold by the Executive Board members. However, the remaining value of the
portfolio of performance shares must be equal to two years’ annual base salary for the CEO and one year base
salary for the CFO and COO. Thus with a 3-year performance period of each Long Term Plan and the additional
portfolio requirement of two years for the CEO and one year for the CFO and COO, a long-term element has
been sufficiently incorporated.

In accordance with its policy, Vopak did not provide any personal loans, advances or guarantees to the Executive
Board members.
Financial Statements

Reference is also made to note 6.3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Additional information
108 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Remuneration report

Introduction
Remuneration of the Supervisory Board 2017

Executive Board report
The Remuneration of the Supervisory Board was fixed for a two-year period (2017 and 2018) and was approved
by the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting in 2017. The table below shows the amounts each member
received in 2017, resulting in a total cost to the company of EUR 0.49 million, as compared to EUR 0.41 million
in 2016. The increase in cost was due to changes to the remuneration levels and Board composition.

Selection and
Supervisory Audit Appointment Remuneration
In EUR thousands Board Committee Committee Committee Total 2017 Total 2016
A. van Rossum

Storing vital products

(Chairman upto 19-4-2017) 29.36 2.11 2.11 33.57 91.50
B.J. Noteboom

with care
(Chairman from 20-4-2017) 87.71 2.56 4.89 4.89 100.06 47.70
M.F. Groot (Vice Chairman) 65.00 8.50 5.00 78.50 68.50
F.J.G.M. Cremers 65.00 15.00 80.00 70.00
C.K. Lam (upto 01-3-2016) 10.40
H.B.B. Sørensen (from 20-4-2017) 45.20 5.94 51.14 -
C.J. van den Driest 65.00 5.00 70.00 61.75
R.G.M. Zwitserloot 65.00 10.00 75.00 65.00

Key developments
Total 422.27 32.00 17.00 17.00 488.27 414.85

per division
In accordance with the policy, Supervisory Board members did not receive any fixed allowance or
performance-related incentives.

The company reimbursed travel costs for Supervisory Board members living outside the Netherlands,
which is not included in the table above.

Vopak did not provide any personal loans, advances or guarantees to Supervisory Board members.

Sustainability
No Supervisory Board member held any Vopak shares at year-end 2017, except for Mr Noteboom, who held
3,500 shares at year-end 2017. Reference is also made to note 6.3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Additional information
Cost of the remuneration of the Executive Board 2017 (audited)

Governance, risk
and compliance
The total cost for the company for Executive Board remuneration as recognized in the 2017 Consolidated
Statement of Income decreased in 2017 from EUR 6.2 million to EUR 2.1 million. The amounts for annual base
salary and pension are equal to the amounts the Executive Board members are entitled to for 2017, including
those for Mr Paulides who joined the Executive Board per 1 February 2018. However, the short-term incentive
and long-term incentive amounts refer to the recognized IFRS costs accrued by the company during the financial
year 2017 for the Long-Term Incentive Plans.

For further details on the cost of the Long-Term Incentive Plans reference is made to note 6.2 to the
Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements.

Annual base Short-Term Long-Term
salary Incentive Incentive Pension Total
1 1
In EUR thousands 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
E.M. Hoekstra 625 625 156 563 -237 1,191 144 121 689 2,500
J.P. de Kreij 520 520 108 390 -78 814 189 190 740 1,914
F. Eulderink 500 500 104 375 -148 726 163 136 619 1,737
G.B. Paulides2 38 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 8 n/a 46 n/a
Additional information

Total 1,683 1,645 368 1,328 -463 2,731 504 447 2,094 6,151
1. The short-term incentive amounts 2017 include the incentive for the customer service part assumed at target levels, since the actual
NPS result will be available in March 2018. The total actual amount will be presented at the Annual General Meeting 2018.
2. Mr Paulides has been employed by Vopak from 1 December 2017 but has formally become part of the Executive Board as CFO from
1 February 2018 replacing Mr De Kreij who retired as of that date.
109 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Corporate governance

Executive Board report
Vopak is incorporated and based in the Netherlands. adhere explicitly to the code of conduct. Compliance
As a result, Vopak’s governance structure is based on is regularly checked for example as part of the CRSA
the requirements of Dutch legislation including and internal business audits. These monitoring tools
securities laws, the company’s articles of association, also show and measure the effectiveness of the code
complemented by internal policies and procedures. of conduct.
Given the worldwide exposure of its businesses, the
international context is of vital importance and Vopak complies with the vast majority of the

Storing vital products

relevant international developments are closely principles and best practices laid down in the 2016

with care
monitored. Dutch Corporate Governance Code (the Code). The
exceptions are explained in the following paragraphs.
Good corporate governance is a key component of
Vopak’s way of doing business and is embedded in its Set-up and policy
core values. The corporate governance is supported Vopak aims to strike a sound balance between
by a strong focus on integrity, transparency and clear the interests of the company’s various stakeholders.
and timely communication. Good governance and Integrity, openness, supervision, transparent
proper supervision are important prerequisites for reporting and accountability are the cornerstones of

Key developments
generating and maintaining trust in the company. our corporate governance policy. The company has

per division
also developed a clear policy with regard to reporting
Vopak’s business, financial and investor strategy is for financial matters and sustainability. For details
focused on long-term value creation for the company of the Sustainability Policy, reference is made to
and its affiliated enterprises as formulated by the the Vopak website.
Executive Board under the guidance of the
Supervisory Board. Value creation is closely Vopak confirms that the principles reflected in the
connected with the culture within the company, the Code are applied by Vopak except for the deviations
view on sustainability matters and long-term value from the Code that are explained in the following

Sustainability
creation requires a culture aimed at that. Long-term paragraphs.
value creation also requires awareness and
anticipation of new developments in technology that Vopak has a two-tier governance structure requiring
can contribute to the continuing success of the a well-managed relationship between the Executive
company. All stakeholder interests are hereby taken Board solely composed of executive directors and the
into careful consideration. Supervisory Board solely composed of non-executive
directors. The two Boards are independent of each
The leadership style within Vopak stimulates a culture other and have their own roles and responsibilities
that promotes desired behavior and encourages in the governance structure.

Governance, risk
and compliance
employees to act with integrity and to lead by
example. By communicating this culture with its The Executive Board is responsible for the
corresponding values, incorporating it into the management of the company and for the realization
enterprise and maintaining it, guidance is provided in of its objectives. These include the objectives for
making everyday decisions and monitoring ethical strategy and policy, health, safety, the environment
conduct by people in all tiers of the organization. The (part of sustainability), quality, as well as results.
top of the company has regular contact with
employees at all levels of the company as it is The Executive Board is assisted in fulfilling its
Financial Statements

essential to know how the culture is experienced responsibilities by the Risk Committee, the
within the organization. Culture is also monitored via Compliance Committee and the Disclosure
the employee engagement survey. More information Committee. The activities of the Risk Committee
on the culture within Vopak is provided in the People include facilitating and challenging risk reporting within
Leadership chapter. the company, providing oversight of main risks and
related risk management activities. The primary
A new Vopak code of conduct was introduced in 2017 objective of the Compliance Committee is to support
based on the Vopak corporate values to provide the and advise the Executive Board in fulfilling its oversight
Additional information

conditions for a healthy culture and effectively responsibilities on all compliance matters relevant to
encourage an atmosphere of openness. Neither Vopak’s activities. The Disclosure Committee assists
leadership nor culture are considered tick the box the Executive Board with ensuring that information is
items or treated as such. All Vopak employees, disclosed accurately and timely to the outside world
partners, contractors and suppliers are required to in line with the applicable laws and regulations.
110 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate governance

Introduction
The Supervisory Board reviews Vopak´s overall The remuneration of the members of the Executive

Executive Board report
performance, including the policies pursued and results Board is set by the Supervisory Board on the basis
achieved by the Executive Board, the company´s of a proposal from the Remuneration Committee,
financial situation, its financial statements, key risks in accordance with the remuneration policy as
and opportunities. The Supervisory Board also reviews adopted by the General Meeting. Vopak will continue
and approves the strategy of Vopak, as proposed by to facilitate proxy voting. Dutch law provides for
the Executive Board. Similarly, it approves important a mandatory registration date to exercise voting and
proposals for capital expenditure, acquisitions and attendance rights 28 days before the date of the
divestments, changes in financial and other corporate General Meeting.
policies and the annual budget. The Supervisory Board

Storing vital products

evaluates the performance of the Executive Board as a The Dutch Corporate
Governance Code

with care
whole and that of its individual members, and
proposes any changes to the composition of the Vopak has evaluated its corporate governance
Executive Board to the General Meeting. Similarly, the structure against the Code and concluded that in
Supervisory Board reviews its own performance 2017 it satisfied the principles and best practice
annually and proposes changes to the composition of provisions of the Code, with the exception of the
the Supervisory Board to the General Meeting. Finally, following five items:
the Supervisory Board ensures that the company´s
policies are formulated and pursued in the interest of 1 Principle 2.1 and best practice provision 2.1.1

Key developments
all its stakeholders, including shareholders and (Composition, size and profile of the

per division
employees, and that these policies are sustainable and Supervisory Board)
meet the highest ethical standards. These provisions relate to diversity and state that
the Supervisory Board should strive for a diverse
As Vopak is an international holding company, composition as to gender and age and should
the Dutch ‘large company regime’ does not apply. formulate concrete targets to achieve this. The
Supervisory Board of Vopak strives to achieve
The Supervisory Board is carefully selected to include a diverse composition of its members and has
members with diverse backgrounds and experience formulated key elements of its membership

Sustainability
in areas relevant to Vopak’s core business and the profile. These elements are available in the
foreign markets in which it operates. Their experience Corporate Governance section of the Vopak
ranges from economic, financial, technical, operational website. Vopak does not strictly follow the
and social areas, to political and business-related recommendation to set an explicit target for
areas. The Supervisory Board, in performing its diversity in terms of gender or age. This deviation
duties, focuses on the realization of the objectives could therefore continue for more than one
of the company, the strategy and its implementation. financial year without a set time period for when
The Supervisory Board appoints an Audit Committee, to comply with this best practice provision. As an
a Remuneration Committee and a Selection and alternative measure attaining the purpose of this

Governance, risk
and compliance
Appointment Committee from among its members. best practice provision, for diversity in terms of
In accordance with the provisions of the Code, Vopak gender, age or area of expertise the overriding
has further specified the role and powers of these principle for Vopak is that the Supervisory Board
committees in specific regulations that apply to them. has a diverse composition of members taking
into account various factors including a valuable
In addition to the authority to appoint, suspend contribution in terms of broad international
and dismiss members of the Executive Board and management experience and knowledge of the oil,
Supervisory Board, the General Meeting has other petrochemical or LNG industries in the regions in
Financial Statements

authorities such as passing resolutions for legal which Vopak is active, or other relevant business
mergers and split-offs, adopting financial statements, knowledge for the independent tank terminal
and the appropriation of profits available for business. Diversity in a broad sense is a topic on
distribution on ordinary shares. Furthermore, the the Supervisory Board agenda and is discussed
General Meeting determines the remuneration policy in the Selection and Appointment Committee
for the Executive Board and has to approve any meetings
significant amendments to this policy. The General
Meeting also sets the remuneration of the members
Additional information

of the Supervisory Board.

111 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate governance

Introduction
2 Best practice provision 2.2.1 (Appointment and Such severance pay may also become due if Mr

Executive Board report
reappointment periods – management board De Kreij cannot reasonably be asked to fulfill his
members) duties as a result of changes in circumstances, for
The term of Mr De Kreij’s contract of employment example if a public bid is made. The contract was
is not in accordance with this provision. concluded before the Code came into effect and
The contract was concluded for an indefinite existing rights may not be impaired.
period of time and before the Code came into On 15 November 2016, it was announced that
effect. On 15 November 2016, it was announced Mr De Kreij has informed the Supervisory Board
that Mr De Kreij has informed the Supervisory that he has decided to step down as per
Board that he has decided to step down as per 1 February 2018. This deviation is therefore of

Storing vital products

1 February 2018. This deviation is therefore of a temporary nature.

with care
a temporary nature
Vopak has several regulations in place governing
3 Best practice provision 2.2.2 (Appointment and the performance of its various bodies and ensuring
reappointment periods – Supervisory Board implementation of the rules applicable within Vopak.
members) These regulations have been amended in line with the
With respect to this best practice provision, Code, recent legislative amendments and decisions
it should be noted that although Mr Cremers made by the Executive Board and the Supervisory
reached the maximum of three four-year terms, Board. The regulations can be found in the Corporate

Key developments
the AGM held on 20 April 2016 reappointed Governance section of the Vopak website.

per division
Mr Cremers as a member of the Supervisory
Board for an additional period of two years. The These regulations concern:
Articles of Association provide that the General • Regulations of the Executive Board
Meeting may decide otherwise, which it did in • Regulations of the Supervisory Board
the case of Mr Cremers, based on his valuable • Regulations of the Audit Committee of the
contributions to the Supervisory Board as financial Supervisory Board
expert and his relevant financial knowledge and • Regulations of the Remuneration Committee
experience gained at internationally operating of the Supervisory Board

Sustainability
companies. The transitional provision of the Code • Regulations of the Selection and Appointment
concerning best practice provision 2.2.2 is not Committee of the Supervisory Board
applicable. Mr Cremers will step down from the • Vopak Insider Trading Policy
Supervisory Board following the Annual General • Regulations on suspected irregularities
Meeting to be held on 18 April 2018. This deviation (‘whistleblower regulations’)
is therefore of a temporary nature • Diversity policy.

4 Best practice provision 3.1.2 (blocking period of The following items also appear on the Vopak
five years for shares granted to the Executive website:

Governance, risk
and compliance
Board without financial consideration) • Articles of Association
The blocking period of five years is not included in • Information on the members of the Executive
the Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP). This deviation Board and Supervisory Board and the composition
will continue for more than one financial year of the core committees
without a set time period for when to comply with • Profile of the Supervisory Board
this best practice provision. As an alternative • Retirement schedule for the Supervisory Board
measure, the remaining value of the portfolio of members
performance shares must be at least equal to two • Retirement schedule for the Executive Board
Financial Statements

years annual base salary for the CEO and one year members
base salary for the CFO and COO • Policy related to bilateral contacts with
shareholders
5 Best practice provision 3.2.3 (maximum • Code of Conduct
severance pay) • Sustainability Policy
The employment contract between Vopak and • Corporate Governance Compliance Manual
Mr De Kreij is not in accordance with this provision. • Remuneration report, containing the main points
In the event of his dismissal, Mr De Kreij will be of the remuneration policy.
Additional information

contractually entitled to at least two years’ salary.

112 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate governance

Introduction
Anti-takeover measures The board of Stichting Vopak therefore determines

Executive Board report
Vopak’s principal defense against a (hostile) takeover whether and when it is necessary to issue the
is the ability to issue cumulative preference shares protective preference shares. These measures can be
(‘protective preference shares’) to Stichting Vopak. taken for example (but not necessarily limited to) in
Such defensive preference shares will be issued, in the event of a (hostile) takeover bid if the board of
the event that Stichting Vopak exercises its option Stichting Vopak believes it is in the interest of Vopak
right. On 18 October 1999, the General Meeting and its stakeholders to establish its position in
decided to grant Stichting Vopak the right to take up respect of the hostile party and its plans, and to
protective preference shares up to a maximum create opportunities to seek alternative scenarios.
nominal amount equal to 100% of the share capital

Storing vital products

issued at that time to third parties in the form of Information referred to in Section 1
of the Takeover Directive (Article 10)

with care
ordinary and financing preference shares, less one
ordinary share. Vopak and Stichting Vopak further Decree
formalized their relationship with regard to the option
right in an option agreement of 1 November 1999. Capital structure
This agreement was amended on 5 May 2004, A description of Vopak’s capital structure, the various
whereby the original put option granted to Vopak was classes of shares and the rights and obligations
cancelled. In light of the possible introduction in the attached to them can be found in note 5.1 to the
future of other classes of shares, the Extraordinary Consolidated Financial Statements. At 31 December

Key developments
General Meeting of 17 September 2013 resolved to 2017, a total of 127,835,430 ordinary shares had been

per division
expand Stichting Vopak’s right to acquire protective issued with a nominal value of EUR 0.50 each.
preference shares in such a way that it is not only No financing preference shares and no protective
related to share capital issued to third parties in the preference shares have been issued at
form of ordinary and financing preference shares at 31 December 2017.
the time Stichting Vopak exercises this, but to all
shares in the share capital of Vopak issued to third Restrictions on the transfer of shares
parties at such time, less one ordinary share. The Vopak´s Articles of Association do not provide for
option agreement with Stichting Vopak was amended a restriction on the transfer of ordinary shares. They

Sustainability
on 17 September 2013 to reflect this change. do, however, provide for a restriction on the transfer
Exercise by Stichting Vopak of its option right in part of financing preference shares. Financing preference
does not affect its right to acquire the remaining shares may only be transferred to natural persons,
protective preference shares under the option granted subject to specific exceptions for a legal entity
to Stichting Vopak. The option agreement provides holding the financing preference shares for the
that in the event that Stichting Vopak exercises its purpose of administration and other parties pursuant
option right and the results thereof are fully or to Article 10A, paragraph 7 of the Articles of
partially cancelled (for instance as a result of the Association. With regard to the protective preference
cancellation of the protective preference shares shares, the Articles of Association provide that any

Governance, risk
and compliance
issued), Stichting Vopak will continue to be able to transfer requires the approval of the Executive Board.
exercise its option right.
Major holdings subject to mandatory
The granting of the call option to Stichting Vopak has disclosure
been entered in the Company Registry. The objective More information on major shareholdings that are
of Stichting Vopak is to promote the interests of Vopak subject to mandatory disclosure pursuant to the
and companies affiliated to the Vopak group. It does Financial Markets Supervision Act can be found in
this in a way that safeguards the interests of Vopak the section Shareholder information. Furthermore,
Financial Statements

and its stakeholders to the greatest possible extent additional information on the transactions with major
and, to the best of its ability, it resists influences shareholders can be found in note 6.3 of the
opposing those interests, which could impair the Consolidated Financial Statements.
independence and/or continuity and/or identity of
Vopak. It undertakes all actions relating to or System of control over employee
conducive to these objectives. share plans
Information on share plans can be found in note 6.2
to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this
Additional information

Annual Report.
113 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate governance

Introduction
Rules governing the appointment and Key agreements containing

Executive Board report
dismissal of members of the Executive change-of-control provisions
Board and Supervisory Board and the Reference is made to the change-of-control
amendment of the Articles of Association provisions in connection with loans in note 5.6
Under Vopak’s Articles of Association, members of to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
the Executive Board and Supervisory Board are
appointed and dismissed by the General Meeting. With respect to agreements entered into with
The Supervisory Board makes a non-binding members of the Executive Board and employees
nomination for the appointment of members of the that provide for payment upon termination of
Executive Board. Upon the appointment of members their employment following a public bid, reference

Storing vital products

of the Supervisory Board, the Supervisory Board may is made to the description of the remuneration

with care
make a non-binding nomination. policy on the Vopak website and the Corporate
Governance section.
The General Meeting may only resolve to amend the
Articles of Association following a proposal from the
Executive Board that is subject to approval by the
Supervisory Board. Such a resolution of the General
Meeting requires a majority of at least two-thirds of
the number of votes validly cast.

Key developments
per division
Share issuance and repurchase
The General Meeting or the Executive Board, if
so designated by the General Meeting, resolves
or decides on the issuance of shares. Any share
issuance is subject to approval by the Supervisory
Board. At 31 December 2017, no authorization to
issue shares had been granted to the
Executive Board.

Sustainability
The Executive Board is authorized until 18 October
2018 to repurchase fully paid-up ordinary shares
in Vopak´s capital, subject to approval by the
Supervisory Board. Any repurchase must be limited
to the maximum number held by virtue of the law and
the Articles of Association (10% at 31 December 2017).
Their purchase price must be between the nominal
value of the ordinary shares and 110% of the average

Governance, risk
and compliance
share price listed on the five most recent trading days
prior to the date of the purchase. Financial Statements
Additional information
114 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Corporate Governance
Statement

Executive Board report
Introduction A subject for which discussion has been requested
This statement is included in pursuance of Section 2a in writing by one or more holders of shares or
of the Decree of 23 December 2004 for the adoption depositary receipts that, solely or jointly, represent
of further regulations governing the contents of the at least one-hundredth of the company’s issued share
management report (the ‘Decree’). It sets out the capital, will be stated in the convocation of the

Storing vital products

statements referred to in Sections 3, 3a, and 3b of meeting or announced in the same manner, provided

with care
the Decree. that Vopak receives such request no later than on
the sixtieth day before the date of the meeting.
Compliance with the Dutch Corporate In general meetings, resolutions may be passed by
Governance Code absolute majority of the number of votes cast, unless
Vopak complies with the 2016 Dutch Corporate Vopak’s Articles of Association or the law prescribe
Governance Code (the ‘Code’) and has amended a larger majority. The principal powers of the general
its rules and policies accordingly. The English and meeting are:
Dutch versions of the Code can be downloaded from • Adopting the financial statements

Key developments
www.commissiecorporategovernance.nl. • Approving a dividend proposal

per division
The statement on compliance with the principles • Discharging members of the Executive Board
and best practice provisions of the Code addressed from liability
specifically to the Executive Board or Supervisory • Discharging members of the Supervisory Board
Board can be found in the ‘Corporate Governance’ from liability
section of the Annual Report. • Adopting the remuneration policy with respect
to the members of the Executive Board
Management and control systems • Adopting the remuneration of the members of
The statement on the principal features of the the Supervisory Board

Sustainability
management and control systems of Vopak and of • Appointing, suspending, and dismissing members
the group whose financial information is included of the Executive Board
in its financial statements can be found in the • Appointing, suspending, and dismissing members
‘Risk management and internal control’ section of of the Supervisory Board
the Annual Report. • Appointing an external auditor
• Authorizing the Executive Board to repurchase
The general meetings shares
Vopak’s shareholders exercise their rights in the • Issuing shares and granting rights to acquire
annual and extraordinary general meetings. shares (option rights), and designating the

Governance, risk
and compliance
The annual general meeting must be held no later Executive Board as the body competent to make
than 30 June each year. The agenda for the meeting such decisions during a set period
must state certain subjects as described in Vopak’s • Excluding or limiting shareholders’ rights of first
Articles of Association or in the law, including refusal when issuing shares and granting rights
adoption of the financial statements. Extraordinary to acquire shares, and designating the Executive
general meetings are held at the request of the Board as the body competent to make such
Executive Board, the Supervisory Board, or one decisions during a set period
or more holders of shares or depositary receipts • Approving decisions taken by the Executive Board
Financial Statements

that, solely or jointly, represent at least one tenth pertaining to a major change in Vopak’s identity,
of the company’s issued share capital. nature or enterprise
• Resolving to amend Vopak’s Articles of Association,
dissolve Vopak, or enter into a merger or demerger.
Additional information
115 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate Governance Statement

Introduction
Membership and working methods • Making preparations for and managing the financial

Executive Board report
of the Executive Board reporting process, which includes safeguarding
Details of the members of the Executive Board can the quality and completeness of the financial
be found in section ‘Executive Board members’ in reports to be published
the section ‘Executive Board report’ of the Annual • Closely involving the Supervisory Board in
Report. a takeover process if a takeover bid for the shares
in Vopak is under preparation or has been made
The members of the Executive Board are collectively • Complying with legislation and regulations
responsible for managing Vopak as well as for its • Complying with the Code and maintaining
general affairs and that of the group companies Vopak’s corporate governance structure

Storing vital products

affiliated with it. In doing so, they aim to create • Publishing in Vopak’s Annual Report, on its website

with care
long-term shareholder value. and otherwise, the corporate governance structure
and other information required under the Code and
A more detailed description of the working methods providing an explanation regarding compliance with
of the Executive Board can be found in the Executive the Code
Board Rules, which have been posted on the • Preparing Vopak’s financial statements, annual
Vopak website (www.vopak.com), in the section budget and important capital investments
Our Corporate Governance. • Rendering advice for the nomination of
Vopak’s external auditor.

Key developments
The responsibilities of the Executive Board include:

per division
• Evaluating Vopak’s objectives from time to time The Executive Board Rules include rules for internal
and, where appropriate, adjusting them decision-making, which are in compliance with the
• Achieving Vopak’s objectives relevant provisions of the Code and follow broadly
• Determining the strategy and associated risk applicable law in case of a conflict of interest of one
profile and the policy designed for the achievement or more members of the Executive Board. Both
of the objectives Vopak’s Articles of Association and the Executive
• Managing Vopak’s general affairs and results; Board Rules can be found on the Vopak website.
• The financing of Vopak

Sustainability
• Identifying and managing the risks connected to Details of the remuneration of the members of
the business activities the Executive Board can be found in section
• Seeking to make ongoing improvements to safety, ‘Remuneration report’ of the Annual Report.
health, and environmental performance
• Considering corporate social responsibility issues
that are relevant to Vopak’s activities
• Ensuring effective internal risk management and
control systems and reporting on this in the
Annual Report

Governance, risk
and compliance
• Adopting values that contribute to a culture aimed
at long-term value creation for Vopak Financial Statements
Additional information
116 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Corporate Governance Statement

Introduction
Membership and working methods • Selecting and nominating members of the

Executive Board report
of the Supervisory Board and its Supervisory Board for appointment by the general
committees meeting and proposing the remuneration of its
Details of the members of the Supervisory Board members for adoption by the general meeting
and membership of its committees can be found • Evaluating and assessing the functioning of the
in the section ‘Supervisory Board members’ of Executive Board and the Supervisory Board as well
the Annual Report. as their individual members, and evaluating the
profile for the Supervisory Board and the induction,
The Supervisory Board’s duty is to supervise and education and training program
advise on the management of Vopak and the general • Handling and deciding on reported (potential)

Storing vital products

affairs of Vopak and the enterprise connected with it. conflicts of interest between Vopak, on the one

with care
In discharging its duties, the Supervisory Board is hand, and members of the Executive Board, the
guided by the interests of Vopak and its group external auditor, or the major shareholder(s), on
companies, taking into account the relevant interests the other
of Vopak’s stakeholders (which include its • Handling and deciding on reported alleged
shareholders), aimed at creating long-term value for irregularities that relate to the functioning of
Vopak. The Supervisory Board is responsible for the the Executive Board.
quality of its own performance.
The Supervisory Board Rules include rules for internal

Key developments
The responsibilities of the Supervisory Board include: decision-making which are in compliance with the

per division
• Supervising, monitoring and advising the Executive relevant provisions of the Code and follow broadly
Board on: (i) achievement of the Vopak objectives, applicable law case of a conflict of interest of one or
(ii) the Vopak strategy and risks inherent to its more Supervisory Board members and Vopak. The
business activities, (iii) the structure and Rules of the Supervisory Board have been posted on
management of the internal risk management and the Vopak website.
control systems including the internal audit
function, (iv) the financial reporting process, (v) the Details of the remuneration of the members of
application of information and communication the Supervisory Board can be found in section

Sustainability
technology (ICT), (vi) compliance with legislation ‘Remuneration report’ in the subsection
and regulations; (vii) the relationship with ‘Remuneration of the Supervisory Board 2017’ of
shareholders; (viii) a takeover process if a takeover the Annual Report.
bid for the shares in Vopak is under preparation or
has been made; and (ix) the aspects of corporate Details on the committees of the Supervisory Board
social responsibility that are relevant to the can be found in section ‘Supervisory Board report’
enterprise and (x) the values that contribute to of the Annual Report.
a culture aimed at long-term value creation
for Vopak The Supervisory Board has drawn up a diversity

Governance, risk
and compliance
• Disclosing, complying with and enforcing Vopak’s policy for the composition of the Executive Board
corporate governance structure and the Supervisory Board addressing the diversity
• Approving Vopak’s annual accounts, annual budget, aspects, the specific objectives set in relation to
and major capital expenditures diversity; and the policy implementation. The diversity
• Selecting, nominating and evaluating Vopak’s policy can be found on the Vopak website.
external auditor
• Selecting and nominating members of the For information referred to in Section 1 of the
Executive Board for appointment, proposing the Takeover Directive (Article 10) Decree, reference is
Financial Statements

remuneration policy for members of the Executive made to the statement in this respect as included in
Board for adoption by the general meeting, setting the Annual Report in section ‘Corporate Governance’
the remuneration (in accordance with the of the Annual Report.
remuneration policy) and the contractual terms and
conditions of employment of the members of the
Executive Board
Additional information
117 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Risk management
and internal control

Executive Board report
The Executive Board, under the Enterprise Risk Management
supervision of the Supervisory Board, Our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework
is based on the principles of the COSO ERM model,
bears the ultimate responsibility for which focuses primarily on the identification and

Storing vital products

identifying and managing the risks mitigation of risks that could prevent the realization of

with care
associated with the company’s strategy our strategic objectives. ERM is embedded within our
quarterly performance management processes and
and activities. includes a ‘critical issue reporting’ and an interlinked
mandatory Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)
The Executive Board is assisted in carrying out these reporting on a biannual basis.
responsibilities by senior management who are
accountable for effective internal controls and risk
management for those activities under their

Key developments
responsibility, the monitoring activities by respective

per division
Global functions, the advisory roles of the Risk
Committee and Compliance Committee and the
assurance role of Global Internal Audit.

The principles of the COSO Integrated framework -

Internal Control and Risk Management are applied
by the Group to evaluate risks and opportunities and
structure its management of internal controls.

Sustainability
An integrated cohesive approach is applied.

A cohesive approach: Managing risks and internal control

Strategy & Objectives Risks & Risk appetite Risk response Monitoring & Assurance

Governance, risk
and compliance
Code of Conduct, Culture & Values, Recognition, Whistleblower

• Leading assets in • Standards, Self assesssments:

leading locations Procedures & • CRSA2: OpCo level
Strategic Guidelines • DMCSA3: Divisions
Internal
• Service leadership • Functional audit
Operational • Communication
Risk self-assessments
• Operational leadership trainings
appetite • Second line
Legal &
determined VKCF1 • Organizational specific topic External
• Technology leadership Compliance
per risk set-up reviews audit
Financial Statements

• People leadership Financial & • Global - • External run

Reporting Functional surveys
• Founder’s mentality
• Divisional - • Management
• Vopak values
Regional review cycle

1. Vopak’s Key Control Framework covering 16 processes providing for effective management 

through effective controls for risks to be within the risk appetite.
2. Control Risk Self-Assessment.
Additional information

3. Divisional Monitoring Controls Self-Assessment.

118 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Vopak’s Risk Management Framework

Executive Board report
Risk exposures aligned with the strategic objectives

1. Identify 2. Measure 3. Manage 4. Monitor 5. Report

• Risks identified • Risk appetites of • Mitigating actions • Effectiveness of • The Risk

by the individual all principal risks are established the mitigating Committee informs
terminals and are determined for the identified actions is the Executive Board

Storing vital products

divisions by the Executive risks and monitored across and the
Board and reviewed by the the three lines of Supervisory Board
• Strategic risk

with care
shared within the Risk Committee defense on the principal
discussions with
organization risks and the
global senior • Separate • Risk Committee
effectiveness of the
management • A standard risk action plans reviews
risk management
management are established effectiveness of
• Global principal process
methodology and executed risk management
risks reviewed
facilitates for risks, which process and acts
by the Risk
communication exceed the risk as the steward of
Committee and

Key developments
within the group appetite risk management

per division
agreed with the
Executive Board

Embedded in a risk conscious culture

Our ERM process, guided and overseen by the Risk In addition to performing an advisory role in terms of
Committee requires all operating companies in our challenging and providing centralized oversight of

Sustainability
network to assess and report their principal risks, the both ‘bottom up’ and ‘top down’ identified risks, the
likelihood, financial impact and the mitigating actions Risk Committee is committed to further embedding
in place to address the risks together with an a ‘risk-conscious’ culture. In 2016/2017, this meant for
assessment of the effectiveness of these mitigating example introducing ‘top of mind’ risk moments in
actions. Operating company and project risks the Risk Committee identified by each Committee
are initially reviewed by, discussed with and member, business development teams being invited
supplemented by the respective Divisions. Separate to discuss specific project risks based on certain
meetings are held twice a year between Division criteria (e.g.: new product, technology, country
Management and representatives of the Risk projects) and providing further ERM support to the

Governance, risk
and compliance
Committee in which the Divisional risk reporting is business through the introduction of visuals that
discussed with the consolidated outcome being easily identify the likelihood of the risk and its
shared with the Risk Committee and other Global financial impact including the monitoring of their
Functions for additional insight and reflection. usage. An additional improvement is the inclusion
A dialogue with the Executive Board concludes of a global risk impact assessment in this chapter.
the process prior to sharing and discussing this with The Risk Committee met five times during the year.
the Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board.
By following this process and having a risk It is also recognized that maintaining both the
Financial Statements

management system in place, we aim to ensure that maturity and effectiveness of the ERM process is
timely identification and mitigation of risks (and risk an on-going process. The Risk Committee with its aim
trends) takes place. Confirmation of the process is to realize a continuous fit-for-purpose improvement
also provided through the work of Global Internal process has begun its assessment of the extent in
Audit and our Control Risk Self-Assessment (CRSA). which the Group’s risk management process
Management accordingly considers our ERM process complies with the guidance of the revised 2017
to be effective. COSO ERM - Integrating with Strategy and
Performance framework. The outcome will be taken
Additional information

into account in determining our next ‘incremental’

improvement steps for 2018 and beyond.
119 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Risk-reward appetite The risk appetite reflects the amount and type of risk

Executive Board report
When formulating the company’s strategy, the that Vopak is willing to take in order to realize its
Executive Board also defines an applicable risk-reward strategic objectives, while ensuring compliance with
appetite for each risk category identified in laws and regulations. Our risk-reward appetite in 2017
accordance with the COSO framework. is comparable to that of the previous year:

Vopak’s risk-reward appetite

Risk Category (COSO) Strategic themes Vopak’s risk-reward appetite

Storing vital products

Strategic risks • Leading assets Low to high: Dependent on the fit-for-purpose value creation
in leading locations opportunities and the corresponding future incremental

with care
expansion and growth options, the company evaluates the
entrepreneurial risk-return profiles on an individual merit
basis by consistently applying different metrics for different
purposes.

Operational risks • Operational leadership Very low: on safety and sustainability issues.
• Service leadership
• Technology leadership Moderate: on other areas/topics with alignment of
• People leadership targets and related cost, and a clear focus on sustainable
EBIT growth.

Key developments
per division
Legal and • Operational leadership Very low: objective is to ensure full compliance with legal
compliance risks • People leadership and regulatory environments.

Financial and Low: on financial risks. Aligned with the long-term nature of
reporting risks the business, the company want to ensure a robust financing
position and solid cash flow performance. Furthermore the
objective is to ensure full compliance with financial and
non-financial reporting laws and regulations.

Our principal risks and uncertainties

Sustainability
The nature of our business model is long term,
and how we mitigate these resulting in many of our risks being enduring in
The principal risks that could prevent the company nature. Nonetheless, the company’s risks may
from realizing its objectives are described in this develop and evolve over time due to internal and
section. These are linked to the company’s strategy external developments. Furthermore, our risk
and the mitigating actions applied are also described. overview should be read carefully when evaluating
When identifying our principal risks, we take into the company’s business model, its historical and
account industry-related trends that could lead to future performance and the forward-looking
future opportunities and uncertainties as described statements contained in this Annual Report.

Governance, risk
and compliance
in the chapter ‘Storing vital products with care’ of Although we consider our risk management to be
this Annual Report. Eleven principal risks are reported effective, there can be no absolute certainty that our
and, although streamlined for presentation purposes, mitigating activities with regard to our principal risks
there are practically no changes in the principal will be effective or that other risks may be prevented
risks compared to those reported in the from occurring. In addition, the risks described in this
2016 Annual Report. section are not the only risks the company faces;
these risks are based on management’s assessment
of the current principal risks of the company.
Financial Statements
Additional information
120 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
The following matrix and tables provide an overview of the principal risks of the company and management’s

Executive Board report
view of the effects of the mitigating actions in place:

From Gross Risks to Residual Risks

Storing vital products

3 3 10

with care
10
6 6 8 Very high
2 2
7
4 4
High 9
5 5
Likelihood

Key developments
per division
Medium 11 1
9 8

Low
7
11
Very low
1

Sustainability
Impact

Strategic Risks Operational Risks Legal and Compliance Risks

1 Right location, right partners 7 Major safety incident 10 Complex changing regulations & compliance
2 Market volatility 8 Large complex projects 11 Behavior not in line with Vopak Values

Governance, risk
and compliance
3 Energy Transition 9 IT/OT changes and cyber risk
4 Oil and gas price movements
5 Geopolitical developments
6 Increasing competition
Financial Statements
Additional information
121 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Strategic risks

Executive Board report
Strategic theme Risk description Risk appetite Mitigating actions

Leading assets 1   Unable to find the right location Low to high Clear growth strategy; clear focus on specific
in leading (and partners) for future growth projects product/market combination in line with that
locations A limiting factor to new growth projects strategy
could be the lack of right locations or • Dedicated Divisional Business Development
projects. We aim to see market changes Teams supported by the Global Commercial and
earlier than others and offer the right Business Development Department
service at the right time, in the right place. • Growth Funnel Execution Focus
This allows us to capture new business • Relationship programs with customers, port
development opportunities. authorities and other potential partners for

Storing vital products

growth projects
• Founder’s Mentality instilled in our culture,

with care
among others via the LEAD program for senior
management.

Leading assets 2   Market volatility resulting in Low to high Successful execution of our strategy:
in leading changing product flows with [in some Maintaining (including ‘divesting’) and expanding a
locations circumstances] [unprecedented] speed of diversified global terminal network based on clear
market change strategic criteria for terminals:
Changing market dynamics in our industry • Industrial and chemical terminals in Americas,
may lead to structural changes in product Middle East and Asia
flows and increased volatility. Noteworthy • Terminals facilitating growth in global gas
developments are: markets

Key developments
• Increasing use of gas and renewable • Import and distribution terminals
energy and the increasing number of • Major hubs

per division
electric vehicles
• The impact of the new bunker fuel Continuous in-depth analyses of scenarios and
regulations per 2020 (IMO 2020) relating global trends by Global Commercial & Business
to bunker fuels for the shipping industry Development in conjunction with Divisions and
• Changing regulations on use of biofuels Local teams with the objective that the company
• Shipping economics is able to timely identify changing market
• Asia and China: softening economic developments and respond accordingly
growth
• Rationalisation in the refinery and Measures may include divesting terminals, changing
petrochemical sector existing infrastructure and re-assessing project
• United States shale gas developments scope in projects under development, growing in
resulting in cheap chemical feedstock. LNG and other gas-related areas, differing contract

Sustainability
durations.

Leading assets 3   Energy transition and increased Low Strategic assessment programme ‘Vopak Beyond
in leading global ‘climate change’ awareness brings to high* 400’ taking into account long-term impact of
locations uncertainties and opportunities. climate change:
The climate change awareness and related • Continued dedicated focus in considering
energy transition is a fact. Yet, the speed potential energy market transition and timing
and precise direction of change is not fully thereof (e.g. future of carbon fuel) continuously
known and remains unclear. However it is driven by Global Commercial and Business
clear that this development impacts Vopak: Development Department. Investment proposals
• Increased environmental legislation and terminal master plans to take into account
leading to higher capital expenditure potential scenarios on case by case basis

Governance, risk
and compliance
levels (eg: improved vapor recovering • Continuous assessment of the impact on Vopak
treatment systems) and changing operating and oil and gas industry of agreements and
requirements directions per United Nations Global Climate
• Demand for oil-based fuels maturing in Change Conference (latest being COP23)
specific regions due to lower growth, and development of other international and
electrification of the car park and more national agreements
fuel-efficient cars • Sustainability being ‘Top of mind’ of many
• Extreme weather conditions decision being made by the company
(eg: Hurricanes) and rising sea
levels can potentially impact our Effective monitoring of:
on-going operations depending on the • (Changing) compliance requirements in place
location of the terminals. Additional and follow up of requirements as necessary
Financial Statements

preventive investments (eg: floodwall • Need for reinforcements of infrastructure against

protection) may also be required adverse (weather/climate induced) conditions
and leverage of Global expertise and technical
Opportunities exist through: knowledge for optimal cost effective solutions
• Further facilitation of structural imbalance • Crisis management plans in place for short term
in energy needs and related storage in adverse weather conditions enabling optimal
the LNG market. LNG being considered operations.
a ‘cleaner’ fossil fuel
• Environmental induced regulations also
creates opportunities (IMO 2020) with the
need for further segregation of product
considered to increase storage tank
Additional information

demands
• Opportunities for providing carbon
storage.

* Low (legislation and infrastructure protection) to High (opportunities and adapting to changing market needs)
122 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Executive Board report
Strategic theme Risk description Risk appetite Mitigating actions

Leading assets 4   Exposure to (crude) oil and gas Low to high Continued focused execution of our strategy:
in leading market price developments leading to • Providing storage and handling services for the
locations risks and opportunities structural product flows of our customers and
Downward movements in (crude) oil and therefore limiting our exposure to the more
gas market pricing has consequences for volatile trading markets
our customers putting pressure on the • Well-diversified global terminal network
value chain although it can offer storage supporting different market/product
opportunities. Differences per regions are combinations
noted. • Continuous improvement ambition for our

Storing vital products

service leadership and operational excellence
through listening to and delivering on customer

with care
needs supported through innovation and
improved technology. Active relationship
management in place is an integral tool for
understanding those needs; measured annually
through Net Promoter Score (NPS) survey and
follow up
• Appropriate pricing strategies matching the
service leadership and operational excellence
ambition that we wish to offer customers and be
the vital link in their supply chains.

Key developments
Leading assets 5   Geopolitical developments, Low to • Having a well-diversified global terminal
in leading unpredictable by nature, continue to medium network supporting different market/product

per division
locations present challenges to our business going combinations and not being highly dependent on
forward certain locations
Geopolitical developments such as trade • Avoiding business development projects
sanctions can lead to unexpected and in countries with a high geopolitical risk
significant changes in product flows. profile unless the risk can be mitigated or is
For example related to Russia and the compensated via higher returns
Middle East. • Optimizing our terminal portfolio via (partial)
divestments and investments
• Global Commercial and Business Development
Department together with Global Legal
monitoring geopolitical developments. Impact
assessments by Global, Division and local.

Sustainability
Service 6   Increasing competition and Low to Top quality service and operational excellence
leadership overcapacity can affect our market medium are cornerstones of our competitive position.
position and earnings potential • Service improvement objectives meeting
Increasing competition among others due to customer needs and optimisation of our ‘hard-
increased storage capacity constructed by ware’ (assets) are a key element of our strategy
existing and new competitors puts pressure to at least maintain our competitive position in
on our occupancy rates, pricing and contract each market we operate
durations. Extent varies per location. • On an annual basis customer satisfaction is
formally evaluated through the customer survey
‘Newer’ terminals furthermore have the resulting in a ‘Net Promoter Score’ and ‘Vopak
opportunity to achieve higher service levels Service Quality Index’. Results are thoroughly

Governance, risk
and compliance
through applying increased efficiencies. assessed and improvement actions executed
• Good insight in existing markets combined
with local entrepreneurship which ensure
that business development opportunities are
captured before the competition does
• All senior management participating in two year
Leadership program (LEAD) aimed at harnessing
a more improved competitive position and our
way of doing business
• The successful realization of the cost efficiency
program in the 2017-2019 period will reduce
Vopak’s future cost base with at least EUR 25
Financial Statements

million
• Continuous assessment whether highest value
can be realized via divestment or continued
operation of the terminal within the Vopak
network.
Additional information
123 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Operational risks

Executive Board report
Strategic theme Risk description Risk appetite Mitigating actions

Operational 7   Occurrence of a major (personal Very low Safety has our highest priority
leadership and/or process) safety incident and • Continuous attention to ensuring safety
environmental risk culture is to the standard required regardless
Incidents negatively affect the lives and of geographical location and whether it
health of our staff and business partners. concerns own employees or contractors. Vopak
Our ‘License to Operate’ could be affected Fundamentals, Safety Standards and Vopak Way
impacting our earnings, exposing the Standards are critical tools for clearly providing
company to potential liabilities and will the procedures and instructions for safety
most likely have an adverse effect on the working practices

Storing vital products

company’s reputation. • Application of Vopak standards even in the
situation if local legislations are less strict

with care
• Constant reiteration that safety is of the highest
priority, amongst others via Global SHE Day and
Vopak Fundamentals annual assessment
• 2017 specific ‘Assure’ audit program run by
Global Operations aims at 100% terminal
coverage either through pre-audit assessment
and/or audit itself. Focus on the prevention of
serious safety incidents through process, assets
and persons
• Robust maintenance and sustaining capex
programs are in place ensuring the highest asset

Key developments
integrity.

per division
Technology 8   Inherent risks exist in the execution Low • Vopak Project Management standard for
leadership of (large) growth project mandatory application to all projects that fit
Most projects under development represent within the criteria for its usage
sizeable long-term investments and are • A robust multi-disciplinary (capital disciplined)
recognized as being individually complex investment proposal decision making process is
due to different business, engineering, in place
financing, environmental, cultural and • Guidance is provided by the global functions and
political circumstances. Should projects not external experts during all stages of the project
be effectively managed in terms of safety, • The introduction of Global Engineering and
cost, time and quality, increased costs and Global Projects falling under Global Operations
lost revenues can be detrimental to the provides a common approach and sharing of
desired end result. experience in developing new projects

Sustainability
• Embedded (independent) quality assurance
processes (eg: Health check, project readiness
reviews, post-investment reviews and lessons
learned sessions at different stages of project
development ensure timely rectification as
needed
• Lessons learnt reviews are performed and
shared for future developments.

Technology 9   Failure to deliver on increasingly Low Separate program management office reporting
leadership complex Information and Operational to a cross-functional staffed Program Board
technology (IT/OT) topics, the success of chaired by the COO fully dedicated to the

Governance, risk
and compliance
which are critical for the ongoing success success of the MOVES program. The ICT Board
of the company. chaired by the CFO ensures MOVES Program
Our strategy recognizes that automation board decisions are supported by full business
and standardization through Information representation (Division Presidents) prior to full
Technology developments (MOVES Executive Board approval.
program) and innovation are critical for Actions in place to manage the program and in
maintaining long-term profitability: doing so mitigate the risks include:
• process efficiency • Separate business identified project teams led
• improved service offering by senior business managers working in tandem
• organizational change Risks relate to with IT solution delivery managers
timing, global coverage, ensuing full • Agile working methods ensuring applications
alignment between systems, additional meet changing business needs
Financial Statements

non-budgeted project costs and non- • New systems piloted prior to full roll-out
alignment of business requirements and • In-depth business impact analyses per terminal
IT solutions and change management. to be completed prior to roll out of the new
operational systems
Legacy systems until full roll out of new • Accountability for successful implementation
systems need to be maintained but are with Divisions yet tooling, educating, monitoring
ageing with the risk of disruption which with Global Program office
could negatively impact service delivery. • Appropriate interfacing with common systems
Timing of new roll out is essential for (new financial system (oracle cloud), customer
business improvement. relationship management, HR tooling)
• Common master data and architecture
considered critical and dedicated resource made
Additional information

available.
124 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
(Operational risk continued)

Executive Board report
Strategic theme Risk description Risk appetite Mitigating actions

Technology Risk of cyber breach of our IT and/or Low Governance in place ensuring sufficient attention
leadership OT systems, an increasingly common given to the needs of legacy systems.
phenomenon via virus and malware
attacks, ransomware and unauthorized Execution of the IT security program in place to
access attempts leading to confidentiality, address IT and OT security globally addressing
integrity and availability (data) issues for cyber risk including dedicated IT-risk officer;
the company, impacting (negatively) our Global information security policy roll out; ISO
reputation, financial position, operations, 27001 standard implementation and increasingly
and, potentially lead to costs related to involvement of functional staff to ensure

Storing vital products

recovery and forensic activities. mitigation measures in place should there be a
breach: appropriate contractual clauses, crisis
A (security) breach could potentially also communication plans reflecting cyber risk, increased

with care
lead to violation of privacy regulations employee awareness including but not limited to
(personal data loss) in the various countries reference in the Code of Conduct.
we operate, leading to potential litigation
and fines.

Legal and compliance risks

Key developments
Strategic theme Risk description Risk appetite Mitigating actions

per division
Operational 10   Compliance: complex and changing Low Operating and Business compliance is
leadership laws and regulations can negatively non-negotiable
impact being Business, Operational • Terminal management is responsible for
and Environmental compliant maintaining a robust (permit) compliance
Obtaining, renewal and/or revisions to program. Division/Global support and
permits and licenses for product storage involvement of external specialists are used
from local and national governments, as well when unclear
as compliance to local laws and regulations • Monitoring operating permit compliance is
are essential to start or continue operating a critical element of Vopak’s Global Assure
our terminals. Governments are becoming program
stricter often due to failings / incidents in • Permit status is considered a critical path in

Sustainability
the industry, regulations are frequently all project development activity and is actively
changing and/or can be unclear making monitored through Steering Committees.
100% compliance at all times at all locations Global policies and guidelines are in place
globally a challenge. However, Vopak’s addressing business compliance requirements.
objective is aimed to ensure compliance. The compliance committees ensure that appropriate
Uncertainties giving changing or unclear compliance processes are in place and that the
requirements can also arise when applying principal compliance risks are identified and
for permit renewals/applications. mitigated.

More stringent demands on environmental

requirements as required by our permits
may lead to additional sustaining capex

Governance, risk
investments.

Fines and penalties in the event of being and compliance

non-compliant can be sizeable.

Leading assets 11   Behavior not in line with Vopak values Low Clear guidance on values and behaviour for
in leading Individuals and/or Group of individuals can every employee
locations have a behavior not in line with our values At all levels of the company management sets
which can lead to financial and reputational the highest standards in respect of desired culture,
Operational consequences. values and behavior based on the five global
leadership Vopak Values (Integrity, Care for Safety, Health and
Environment, Agility, Team Spirit and Commitment)
Financial Statements

and the Vopak Code of Conduct.

The Vopak values are Globally implemented. A

revised Code of Conduct has been rolled out in 2017
and a Code of Conduct awareness training will be
completed by all employees in the first half of 2018.
Whistleblower rules and a dedicated email address
support the Code of Conduct and the Fraud policy.
Additional information
125 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Other general (inherent) risks not considered principal risks

Executive Board report
Strategic theme Description

Foreign Vopak being a globally operated company incurs cash flows not in its functional (Euro) currency.
Exchange Operating globally provides an extent of ‘natural hedging’ but foreign exchange exposure risk exists. This risk
is continuously reviewed and measures are taken to limit the exposure in line with the foreign exchange policy
of Global Treasury.

Our financial risks are described in more detail in Section 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Refinancing Vopak is a capital-intensive company with long-term investments. Long-term access to funds is critical

Storing vital products

and liquidity for achieving the strategic objectives of the company. Refinancing and liquidity risks are not considered
principal risks due to the effectiveness of the mitigating actions. Vopak’s funding strategy is focused on
ensuring continuous access to capital markets so that funding capital is available at a time of our choice and

with care
at acceptable cost. The development of our Senior Net Debt: EBITDA ratio is continuously monitored and
discussed on a regular basis in the Strategic Finance Committee, the Executive Board, the Audit Committee
and the Supervisory Board to ensure that the company remains within its covenant ratios. A clear funding
policy with respect to subsidiaries and joint ventures is in place. Group liquidity requirements are monitored
continuously. Long-term liquidity risks are reviewed each quarter and before every significant investment.
Active cash management takes place on a daily basis.

Liquidity risks are described in more detail in Section 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Insurance A general business risk exists that losses are suffered due to inappropriate coverage of the incident by third
party insurers. Our Global Insurance Policy aims to strike the right balance between arranging insurance to

Key developments
cover Vopak’s risks and finance adverse implications ourselves. The principal factors underlying our insurance

per division
policy are risk tolerance and risk transfer costs. On this basis, Vopak has purchased world-wide insurance
cover for a wide range of risks, such as environmental and third-party liability, property damage, business
interruption and cyber related activities . The financial credit ratings of the insurance companies involved are
reviewed on a regular basis and, where appropriate, risks are spread across several insurance companies.

Tax and Tax Vopak operates terminals and other activities in many different countries. As tax laws and (customs)
related regulations differ per country and can be complex, the company runs the inherent risk of non-compliance with
the local tax legislation and the tax policy of the company. Vopak’s Key Control Framework has a dedicated
section stipulating the internal controls which are addressing the risks related to tax and which enforce
compliance with the group tax policy. Furthermore, the highly skilled tax experts at the Global Tax department
assist local and divisional management in complying with the tax requirements and monitor effectiveness of
the internal controls relating to tax as well as the tax position of the group.
The company has no principal risks related to taxes.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
126 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Internal Control are to be carried out in line with our internal control

Executive Board report
All activities of the management in implementing principles set out in the Vopak Key Control Framework
the company strategy and objectives and the (‘VKCF’). Sixteen key processes covering all aspects
management of risks to achieve our objectives of our business are covered by this principle-based
framework.

Internal control framework

Storing vital products

Supervisory Board/Audit Committee

with care
Executive Board

Compliance Disclosure Risk

Committee Committee Committee

Senior Management

Key developments
per division
1st line of defense 2nd line of defense 3rd line of defense

External financial audit

Terminal Division/Global
Policies & Ensuring all
procedures Management Financial control Global Vopak’s
providing controls Risk management Internal Audit pricipal risks
detailed are covered
control Security by
guidance Internal control Quality ‘Assurance’
measures Compliance

Sustainability
Vopak Key Control Framework

Implementation responsibility Monitoring / guidance responsibility

Governance, risk
and compliance
Local management (‘first line of defense’), supported (CRSA). This covers all key processes and controls in
by Divisions and Global Functions, is responsible for the VKCF including the control environment and those
ensuring that the internal controls relating to these specifically directed at fraud and corruption. While the
processes are implemented and operating effectively CRSA covers all processes, a number of Global
and thus for managing their key risks. Our Governance functions also perform additional function-specific
framework enables Divisions and Global Functions to monitoring activities such as Assure audits by the
act as the ‘second line of defense’ and in doing so Global Operations Department, Sourcing and
they are responsible for the monitoring of internal Procurement Self-Assessments by Global
Financial Statements

controls locally including assessing their Procurement, and Commercial Reviews by Global
effectiveness. Global Internal Audit acts as the Commercial and Business Development, all with the
‘third line of defense’ performing audits to provide objective to assess the extent of implementation and
assurance on the existence and effectiveness of effectiveness and establish further improvements
internal controls. from a functional responsibility perspective. During
2017, various policies were further improved,
In addition to the independent audits executed by including the renewing of the Code of Conduct which
Global Internal Audit, which include a separate fraud will be followed by an updated awareness training
Additional information

vulnerability assessment for each business process program in 2018 to be completed by all employees.
review, the maturity of key control implementation per ‘Alerts’ distributed by various functions throughout
operating company is assessed annually through the the year contribute to the further effectiveness of
completion of the Control Risk Self-Assessment existing working practices and guidance.
127 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
In particular, the alerts that are distributed by Global policies. The effectiveness of the committees is

Executive Board report
Operations following incidents. The introduction of new assessed by means of a self-assessment at the
(automated IT) systems via the MOVES program will end of the calendar year with feedback to the
improve our control environment through the further Executive Board.
standardization of processes and systems enabling
increased transparency and monitoring of actions. Internal Controls periodically updated
Our Divisional governance structure requires Divisions Our VKCF is reviewed periodically to ensure that the
to carry out monitoring activities with regard to design of the controls and guidance remains relevant
terminals. The effectiveness of these activities are and effective for the organization while remaining
assessed on an annual basis through the Divisional principle based. This process is coordinated through

Storing vital products

Monitoring Control Self-Assessment, also coordinated the joint effort of Global Control & Business Analysis

with care
by Global Internal Audit at the same time as the CRSA. and Global Internal Audit with Global functions being
responsible for the individual processes under their
As referred to in the Corporate Governance chapter, responsibility. A thorough review was undertaken in
the Executive Board is assisted in fulfilling its 2017 with the objective of reviewing the relevancy of
responsibilities by the Risk Committee, the the controls with respect to the key risks and control
Compliance Committee and the Disclosure effectiveness. This process resulted in a revised
Committee. These three Committees play an absolute number of key controls and additional
important role in the company’s overall internal guidance being given as to which activities are

Key developments
control framework by providing cross-functional and expected to be implemented for a given maturity level

per division
cross-divisional advisory insight on key topics directly per control. A maturity scale of 1 – 5 is used. This
to the Executive Board. For example, the Compliance additional guidance serves to both educate and assist
Committee focuses on a number of global in fair external assessments and self-assessments.
compliance topics with each relevant function being
represented in the committee. Progress on actions Further maturity of VKCF in 2018 and beyond is likely
and effectiveness are shared. A confirmatory action to include increased reference to the self-monitoring
of both the Compliance and Risk Committees is opportunities enabled by the new (automated IT)
renewing the group-wide accessibility of company systems in development.

Sustainability
Internal audit to preserve and create value

Strategic Governance
performance focus

Governance, risk
Value Performance Regulation Value and compliance
creation and efficiency and Control preservation

Operational Control and

performance compliance

Consulting Assurance
Financial Statements

(In-Control
Statement)

New Fraud and Operational, IT

‘development’ whistleblower and Compliance
reviews/advice investigations audits
Additional information

Clear and objective in findings;

Constructive and realistic in recommendations
128 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
Management Review Cycle auditor. Internal Audit reports directly to the full

Executive Board report
The regular reporting cycle is key to our control Executive Board and its activities are also overseen
process. Monthly and quarterly management reports by the Supervisory Board and in particular the Audit
are prepared by all operating companies and Divisions Committee of the Supervisory Board. The Internal
including joint ventures in line with clearly defined, Audit Charter has been endorsed by the Executive
mandatory reporting requirements with regular Board and the Audit Committee. Internal Audit
consultations across all the management layers consists of a core team located at the Global Head
involved. The reports and related discussions office and, in order to ensure full effectiveness, is
between senior management, including but not supplemented by subject matter experts either from
limited to the Executive Board, cover not only the the business or external support as appropriate.

Storing vital products

financial results but also key operational, The annual internal audit plan executed by Global

with care
sustainability, human resources and commercial Internal Audit is developed using a risk-based
performance indicators aimed at realizing the approach focusing on the key risks in alignment with
strategic objectives and mitigating the accompanying the ERM process and the level of assurance by
risks. A critical element of these discussions, is means of various activities carried out by the
comparing progress against prior-year performance company in monitoring those risks.
and Vopak’s Annual Budget which, together with the
two subsequent (plan) years, is reviewed and An assessment of the extent that our principal risks
approved by the Executive Board for all Divisions and are ‘assured’ not only by Global Internal Audit but also

Key developments
operating companies each year. As noted in the by Global functions was carried out in 2017 as input

per division
Corporate Governance section, the streamlining of for the 2018 audit plan. The Global Internal Audit
the divisional structure will further improve and universe includes all processes, entities and activities
optimize organizational efficiency and therefore within the company including joint ventures,
also management controls. associates and projects. Global and Divisional
functions are also in scope. The process for
Executive Board members, both collectively and development of the plan includes dialogues with
individually, visit terminals and Divisions in the course Divisional Management teams, Global Directors, the
of the year outside of the periodic (fixed) management Executive Board and the Audit Committee, the

Sustainability
review cycle. This includes for example the annual full outcome of the company’s enterprise risk process,
Executive Board two to three day Comprehensive critical factors for achieving company success and the
Review for each Division, Joint Venture Board results of monitoring activities by the Global
meetings attendance, Annual Safety Day terminal Functions as described. Throughout the year, the
visits and additional visits. These and similar results of all audits and advisory activities are shared
interactions by Global Directors provide valuable and discussed with the Executive Board and
insights into the performance (including behavioral, discussed each quarter with the Audit Committee.
cultural and internal control factors) of the company. Progress in relation to the plan is reported.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Role of Internal Audit The follow up of audit findings is the responsibility of
The role of Global Internal Audit is to provide the auditee with monitoring thereof and subsequent
assurance and advice to the Executive Board in its closure being the responsibility of the Division and/or
responsibility for the existence and effectiveness of Global as appropriate. This process is formalized
internal controls that are in place to safeguard the biannually by Global Internal Audit through the ‘audit
company’s strategy including that of risk findings follow-up process’, the outcome of which is
management at operating company level. reported to the Executive Board and the Audit
Committee. This process provides for an independent
Financial Statements

Independent and objective assurance activities view on the progress of both the implementation and
relating to the design, application and effective effectiveness of recommendations. The audit findings
functioning of governance, risk management and follow-up meetings also take into account follow-up
internal controls fall under the category of value from reviews undertaken by other functions such as
preservation. Value creation refers to the advising Assure and Commercial reviews.
activities designed to add value and improve
operations and the set up. Internal Audit primarily Continuous evaluation of the Global Internal Audit
executes audits of an operational, IT, investigative and function takes place through various stakeholder
Additional information

compliance nature with the audit of financial external feedback tools such as evaluation forms completed
reports being the responsibility of Vopak’s external by both the auditee and subject matter experts. The
129 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Risk management and internal control

Introduction
results are reported to the Executive Board and the The conclusion that there were no major failings is

Executive Board report
Audit Committee on an annual basis. In addition, an underpinned by the Letter of Representation that is
externally performed Quality Assurance audit by the signed by Terminal Management, Divisional Finance
Dutch Institute of Internal Auditors takes place on a Directors, Division Presidents and Global Directors at
five-year basis. The first review at the end of 2016 the end of each half year and full year. This letter
was positive and reconfirmed that internal audits are represents the key elements of internal control and
performed in accordance with the International full disclosure of deviations to that control as
Internal Auditing Standards. An evaluation of the appropriate. The results of this process including
function by the Executive Board and Audit Committee deviations are discussed with the Executive Board
has taken place. and, together with the results of the various

Storing vital products

monitoring and assurance activities as described
Management assessment, Letters

with care
above which are explicitly reevaluated by both Global
of Representation and In-Control Control & Business Analysis and Global Internal Audit
Statement for the purposes of the In-Control Statement at year
Management is of the opinion that the processes in end, give input and advice to the In-Control
place as described, including those in the Corporate Statement issued by our Executive Board.
Governance chapter, are of a maturity that enables
implementation and effectiveness of risk For our In-Control Statement, reference is made
management and internal control to be assessed with to the statement issued by the Executive Board,

Key developments
the conclusion that there have been no major failings included directly after the Financial Statements.

per division
in the internal risk management and control systems
relating to the risks observed during the financial year.
Additional improvements, such as policy refinement
and automated systems, serve to further improve our
maturity level and not change the processes.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
130 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Shareholder information

Executive Board report
In EUR 2017 2016
Share price start of the year 44.88 39.67
Highest share price 45.66 48.89
Average share price 39.48 44.08
Lowest share price 33.83 36.17

Storing vital products

Share price at year-end 36.57 44.88

with care
Free float 51.5% 51.5%
Average number of shares traded per day 478,354 338,318
Market capitalization at year-end (in EUR billion) 4.7 5.7

Share price movement in 2017

In %

120

Key developments
per division
100

80

60

Sustainability
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Euronext Amsterdam AEX Index Vopak

Share price movement last 10 years

In EUR

60

Governance, risk
and compliance
50

40

30

20

10

0
Financial Statements

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Additional information
131 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Shareholder information

Introduction
Information per ordinary share of EUR 0.50

Executive Board report
In EUR 2017 2016
Basic earnings 1.85 4.19
Basic earnings -excluding exceptional items- 2.25 2.56
Diluted earnings 1.84 4.18
Diltuted earnings -excluding exceptional items- 2.25 2.55
Equity attributable to holders of ordinary shares 19.43 18.83
Dividend (proposal 2017) 1.05 1.05

Storing vital products

Payout ratio -excluding exceptional items- 47% 41%

with care
Shares outstanding
2017 2016
Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares 127,541,590 127,498,822
Weighted average number of ordinary shares including dilutive effect 127,686,590 127,715,702
Total number of shares outstanding (including treasury shares end of period) 127,835,430 127,835,430

Key developments
Treasury shares end of period 190,000 370,000

per division
Total voting rights at year-end 127,645,430 127,465,430

Investor Relations
Vopak is transparent and non-discriminatory in disclosing information to investors and other stakeholders.
A separate agreement on information sharing has been made with our major shareholder HAL Holding N.V.
Reference is made to note 6.3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Our objective
is to provide information to stakeholders about developments at Vopak and to ensure that this information is
equally and simultaneously accessible to all parties. Information is disclosed through annual and half-year

Sustainability
reports, interim updates, press releases and presentations, which are all available on the Vopak website.

Members of the Executive Board together with the Investor Relations team held approximately 250 meetings
during (reverse) roadshows, conferences and phone calls with shareholders, as well as interested investors,
during 2017. In addition, an Analyst Day was organized on 12 December 2017 in Rotterdam (the Netherlands) to
provide Vopak’s view on the developments in the oil, chemicals and gas markets. Vopak held press conferences
coinciding with the publication of its annual results and half-year results, and organized meetings with financial
analysts following the publication of the annual results. The publication of first, second and third quarter results
was followed by a telephone conference with analysts. These sessions could be attended via the company’s

Governance, risk
and compliance
website in either a video or audio webcast, and information presented at these meetings was also published on
the company’s website. Vopak complies with the rules and regulations of the Dutch Financial Markets Authority
(AFM) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as endorsed by the European Union, in all its
publications.

Stock exchange listing

Vopak shares are listed on the Euronext stock exchange in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Vopak is
a constituent of the Amsterdam Exchange Index (AEX), ticker symbol VPK (ISIN no. NL0009432491).
Financial Statements

Options on Vopak shares are also traded on Euronext Amsterdam.

Silent periods
Silent periods are the periods prior to the publication of financial results. In principle, no meetings are held with
and no presentations are given to financial analysts and investors during this period. No other communication
with analysts and investors takes place, unless it relates to the factual clarification of previously disclosed
information. The length of the silent period is four weeks prior to full-year results (and publication of the
Annual Report), the half-year results and Q1 and Q3 interim updates.
Additional information
132 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Shareholder information

Introduction
Bilateral contracts

Executive Board report
Vopak may engage in bilateral contacts with existing and potential shareholders. The main objective would be to
explain Vopak’s strategy and operational performance and answer questions. Vopak takes the Dutch Corporate
Governance Code (December 2016) into account when engaging in bilateral contacts with shareholders.

The following guidelines have been established:

• A dialogue with shareholders outside the context of a formal shareholders’ meeting can be useful for both
investors and Vopak
• Vopak reserves the right to determine, at its sole discretion, whether it will accept invitations from
shareholders, or parties representing shareholders, to engage in such a dialogue. Vopak may ask for further

Storing vital products

clarification of the views, aims and investment objectives of such shareholders before accepting or rejecting

with care
any invitation to engage in a dialogue outside the context of a formal shareholders’ meeting
• Vopak communicates as openly as possible to maximize transparency
• Responses to third-party publications, such as analyst reports or draft reports, are only given by referring
to public information and published guidance. Comments on these reports are given only with regard to
incorrect factual information
• Vopak’s contacts with investors and sell-side analysts will at all times comply with the applicable rules and
regulations, in particular those concerning selective disclosure, price sensitive information and equal
treatment.

Key developments
per division
Dividend policy
Barring exceptional circumstances, the principle underlying Vopak’s dividend policy for ordinary shares is to pay
an annual cash dividend of 25% to 50% of the net profit -excluding exceptional items- attributable to holders of
ordinary shares.

The net profit -excluding exceptional items-, which is the basis for dividend payments, may be adjusted for
the financial effects of one-off events such as changes in accounting policies, acquisitions, divestments
or reorganizations.

Sustainability
In setting the dividend amount, Vopak takes into account the target capital ratios and financing structure, as
well as the flexibility that it requires to successfully pursue its growth strategy. At the same time, Vopak aims
to pursue a consistent dividend policy for its shareholders.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
133 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Shareholder information

Introduction
Royal Vopak shareholders

Executive Board report
Pursuant to the Financial Supervision Act, a shareholding of 3% or more in a Dutch company must be disclosed.
Vopak has received the following notifications concerning such holdings of shares as at February 2018.

Ordinary Date of
shareholdings notification
HAL Trust 48.15% 01-01-2015
OppenheimerFunds, Inc. 4.27% 01-01-2015
Maple-Brown Abbott 3.12% 10-10-2017

Storing vital products

Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. 3.06% 21-10-2017

with care
Geographical distribution of holders of ordinary shares outstanding

2017 2016
6%
14 %1 4%

13%
6%

Key developments
per division
8%
51 % 7% 52%

5%

16 % 18%

The Netherlands United States and Canada United Kingdom

Sustainability
Rest of world Rest of Europe Unidentified

1
In 2017, Vopak only conducted a shareholder identification of its top 50 shareholders

Financial calendar
2018 2019
16 February 2018 Publication of 2017 full-year results 14 February 2019 Publication of 2018 full-year results

Governance, risk
and compliance
18 April 2018 Publication of 2018 first-quarter interim update 17 April 2019 Publication of 2019 first-quarter interim update
18 April 2018 Annual General Meeting 17 April 2019 Annual General Meeting
20 April 2018 Ex-dividend quotation 23 April 2019 Ex-dividend quotation
23 April 2018 Dividend record date 24 April 2019 Dividend record date
25 April 2018 Dividend payment date 26 April 2019 Dividend payment date
17 Augustus 2018 Publication of 2018 half-year results 16 August 2019 Publication of 2019 half-year results
5 November 2018 Publication of 2018 third-quarter interim update 4 November 2019 Publication of 2019 third-quarter interim update
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
Consolidated Financial Statements
Statements
Company Financial Statements
Executive Board declaration
Financial

External auditor reports

135 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Financial Statements
and notes

Executive Board report
Consolidated Financial Statements 136 Section 7 Income taxes 193
Consolidated Statement of Income  136 Note 7.1 Income taxes 193
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 137 Note 7.2 Deferred taxes 195
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 138
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  139 Section 8 Other disclosures 197

Storing vital products

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 140 Note 8.1 Earnings per ordinary share - number of
shares197

with care
Section 1 Basis of preparation 141 Note 8.2 Loans granted and finance lease receivable 198
Note 1.1 Basis of preparation 141 Note 8.3 Other non-current assets 198
Note 8.4 Pensions and other employee benefits 198
Section 2 Group operating performance 146 Note 8.5 Provisions  204
Note 2.1 Segment information 146 Note 8.6 Operating leases 206
Note 2.2 Exceptional items  148 Note 8.7 Investment commitments undertaken 206
Note 2.3 Revenues 149 Note 8.8 Contingent assets and contingent liabilities 206
Note 2.4 Other operating income  151 Note 8.9 Financial assets and liabilities and credit risk 208

Key developments
Note 2.5 Personnel expenses  151 Note 8.10 New standards and interpretations not yet

per division
Note 2.6 Other operating expenses  152 implemented209
Note 2.7 Result of joint ventures and associates 153 Note 8.11 Principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and
Note 2.8 Translation and operational currency risk 154 associates211
Note 2.9 Cash flows from operating activities (gross) 155 Note 8.12 Events after the reporting period 213

Section 3 Strategic investments and Company Financial Statements 214

divestments156 Company Statement of Income 214
Note 3.1 Acquisition and divestment of subsidiaries 156 Company Statement of Financial Position
Note 3.2 Intangible assets 158 before Profit Appropriation215

Sustainability
Note 3.3 Property, plant and equipment  159
Note 3.4 Joint ventures and associates  161 Notes to the Company Financial
Note 3.5 Assets held for sale  165 Statements216
Note 3.6 Depreciation and amortization 165 Note 1. General 216
Note 3.7 Impairment tests and impairments 166 Note 2. Participating interests in Group companies  216
Note 3. Loans granted 216
Section 4 Working capital 171 Note 4. Shareholders’ equity 217
Note 4.1 Changes in working capital 171 Note 5. Interest-bearing loans  218
Note 4.2 Trade and other receivables and related

Governance, risk
Note 6. Derivative financial instruments 218

and compliance
credit risk 171 Note 7. Pension and other employee benefits
Note 4.3 Trade and other payables 172 provisions219
Note 8. Personnel expenses 219
Section 5 Capital structure 173 Note 9. Income taxes 219
Note 5.1 Issued capital, share premium, treasury Note 10. Remuneration of Supervisory Board
shares and capital management 173 members and Executive Board members  220
Note 5.2 Other reserves 174 Note 11. Contingent liabilities 220
Note 5.3 Retained earnings 175
Financial Statements

Note 5.4 Non-controlling interests 175 Executive Board declaration 221

Note 5.5 Interest-bearing loans and net debt 176
Note 5.6 Liquidity risk 178 External auditor’s reports 222
Note 5.7 Currency risk 180 Independent auditor’s report 223
Note 5.8 Interest rate risk 182 Assurance report of the independent auditor 227
Note 5.9 Derivative financial instruments 184
Note 5.10 Net finance costs 185

Section 6 Governance 187

Additional information

Note 6.1 Remuneration of Board members 187

Note 6.2 Long-term incentive plans (LTIPs) 187
Note 6.3 Related parties 191
Note 6.4. Fees paid to auditors appointed at the
Annual General Meeting 191
136 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Consolidated Financial Statements

Executive Board report
Consolidated Statement of Income
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Revenues 2.3 1,305.9 1,346.9
Other operating income 2.4 23.3 303.2
Total operating income 1,329.2 1,650.1
Personnel expenses 2.5 338.0 342.2

Storing vital products

Depreciation and amortization 3.6 272.8 263.9
Impairment 3.7 2.1 5.7

with care
Other operating expenses 2.6 337.9 338.9
Total operating expenses 950.8 950.7
Operating profit 378.4 699.4
Result of joint ventures and associates 2.7 44.1 59.9
Group operating profit (EBIT) 422.5 759.3
Interest and dividend income 5.10 12.6 11.4
Finance costs 5.10 - 134.6 - 118.6

Key developments
Net finance costs - 122.0 - 107.2

per division
Profit before income tax 300.5 652.1
Income tax 7.1 - 25.3 - 72.5
Net profit 275.2 579.6
Net profit attributable to non-controlling interests 5.4 - 39.8 - 45.6
Net profit attributable to holders of ordinary shares 235.4 534.0

Basic earnings per ordinary share (in EUR) 8.1 1.85 4.19
Diluted earnings per ordinary share (in EUR) 8.1 1.84 4.18

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
137 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Executive Board report
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Net profit 275.2 579.6

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 5.2, 5.4 - 165.8 37.7

Net investment hedges 5.2 73.2 - 18.2
Use of exchange rate differences on translation of foreign operations and use of net

Storing vital products

investment hedges 5.2, 5.4 - 1.5 0.5
Effective portion of changes in fair value of cash flow hedges 5.2 4.2 - 0.8

with care
Use of effective portion of cash flow hedges to statement of income 5.2 - 0.5 - 5.5
Share in other comprehensive income of joint ventures and associates 5.2 14.2 - 1.1
Other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to statement of income in
subsequent periods - 76.2 12.6

Remeasurement of defined benefit plans 5.3, 7.2, 8.4 45.4 - 26.2

Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to statement of income
in subsequent periods 45.4 - 26.2

Key developments
Other comprehensive income, net of tax - 30.8 - 13.6

per division
Total comprehensive income 244.4 566.0

Attributable to:
Holders of ordinary shares 213.0 518.7
Non-controlling interests 31.4 47.3
Total comprehensive income 244.4 566.0

Items are disclosed net of tax. The income tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income is disclosed in note 7.1.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
138 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16

ASSETS
Intangible assets 3.2 148.8 145.8
Property, plant and equipment 3.3 3,488.1 3,553.0
- Joint ventures and associates 3.4 968.7 1,091.7
- Finance lease receivable 8.2 29.2 30.5
- Loans granted 8.2 19.8 14.5

Storing vital products

- Other financial assets 0.9 1.1
Financial assets 1,018.6 1,137.8

with care
Deferred taxes 7.2 4.8 15.7
Derivative financial instruments 5.9 16.3 94.2
Other non-current assets 8.3 24.8 27.5
Total non-current assets 4,701.4 4,974.0
Trade and other receivables 4.2 253.7 224.6
Loans granted 8.2 8.8 –
Prepayments 17.9 16.4

Key developments
Derivative financial instruments 5.9 2.7 35.9

per division
Cash and cash equivalents 5.5 130.0 306.0
Assets held for sale 3.5 – 25.1
Total current assets 413.1 608.0

Total assets 5,114.5 5,582.0

EQUITY
- Issued capital 5.1 63.9 63.9
- Share premium 5.1 194.4 194.4

Sustainability
- Treasury shares 5.1 - 8.0 - 13.2
- Other reserves 5.2 - 189.3 - 121.5
- Retained earnings 5.3 2,419.0 2,276.1
Equity attributable to owners of parent 2,480.0 2,399.7
Non-controlling interests 5.4 155.9 159.3
Total equity 2,635.9 2,559.0

LIABILITIES

Governance, risk
Interest-bearing loans 5.5 1,551.4 1,938.7

and compliance
Derivative financial instruments 5.9 83.8 71.2
Pensions and other employee benefits 8.4 111.3 169.0
Deferred taxes 7.2 183.0 221.3
Provisions 8.5 23.8 23.8
Other non-current liabilities 24.2 28.8
Total non-current liabilities 1,977.5 2,452.8
Bank overdrafts and short-term borrowings 5.5 107.1 8.5
Financial Statements

Interest-bearing loans 5.5 5.4 163.0

Derivative financial instruments 5.9 15.5 11.0
Trade and other payables 4.3 287.3 302.1
Taxes payable 49.5 47.9
Pensions and other employee benefits 8.4 1.4 1.5
Provisions 8.5 34.9 36.2
Total current liabilities 501.1 570.2
Total liabilities 2,478.6 3,023.0
Additional information

Total equity and liabilities 5,114.5 5,582.0

139 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Executive Board report
Equity attributable to owners of parent
Non-
Issued Share Treasury Other Retained controlling Total
In EUR millions Note capital premium shares reserves earnings Total interests equity
Balance at 31 December 2015 63.9 194.4 - 9.4 - 127.7 1,888.2 2,009.4 151.0 2,160.4

Net profit – – – – 534.0 534.0 45.6 579.6

Other comprehensive
income, net of tax – – – 10.9 - 26.2 - 15.3 1.7 - 13.6

Storing vital products

Total comprehensive income – – – 10.9 507.8 518.7 47.3 566.0

with care
Dividend paid in cash 5.3, 5.4 – – – – - 127.5 - 127.5 - 41.3 - 168.8
Capital injection 5.4 – – – – – – 2.3 2.3
Purchase treasury shares 5.1 – – - 3.8 – – - 3.8 – - 3.8
Release revaluation reserve 5.2, 5.3 – – – - 4.7 4.7 – – –
Measurement of equity-
settled share-based payment
arrangements 5.3, 6.2 – – – – 2.9 2.9 – 2.9
Total transactions with owners – – - 3.8 - 4.7 - 119.9 - 128.4 - 39.0 - 167.4

Key developments
Balance at 31 December 2016 63.9 194.4 - 13.2 - 121.5 2,276.1 2,399.7 159.3 2,559.0

per division
Net profit – – – – 235.4 235.4 39.8 275.2
Other comprehensive
income, net of tax – – – - 67.8 45.4 - 22.4 - 8.4 - 30.8
Total comprehensive income – – – - 67.8 280.8 213.0 31.4 244.4

Dividend paid in cash 5.3, 5.4 – – – – - 133.9 - 133.9 - 38.9 - 172.8

Capital injection 5.4 – – – – – – 4.1 4.1
Purchase treasury shares 5.1 – – - 1.6 – – - 1.6 – - 1.6

Sustainability
Sale treasury shares 5.1 – – 3.2 – – 3.2 – 3.2
Measurement of equity-
settled share-based payment
arrangements 5.3, 6.2 – – – – - 0.4 - 0.4 – - 0.4
Vested shares under equity-
settled share-based payment
arrangements 5.3, 6.2 – – 3.6 – - 3.6 – – –
Total transactions with owners – – 5.2 – - 137.9 - 132.7 - 34.8 - 167.5

Balance at 31 December 2017 63.9 194.4 - 8.0 - 189.3 2,419.0 2,480.0 155.9 2,635.9

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
140 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities (gross) 2.9 713.8 783.2
Interest received 5.10 5.9 3.0
Dividend received 5.10 0.9 1.0
Income tax paid - 51.7 - 70.9
Cash flows from operating activities (net) 668.9 716.3
Investments:

Storing vital products

Intangible assets 3.2 - 23.9 - 16.2
Property, plant and equipment - growth capex 3.3 - 104.1 - 85.8

with care
Property, plant and equipment - service, maintenance, compliance and IT capex 3.3 - 215.0 - 242.2
Joint ventures and associates 3.4 - 7.4 - 74.3
Loans granted 8.2 - 82.0 - 3.3
Other non-current assets - 0.2 - 0.1
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, including goodwill 3.1 – - 20.5
Acquisitions of joint ventures and associates 3.4 - 15.9 –
Total investments - 448.5 - 442.4

Key developments
Disposals and repayments:

per division
Property, plant and equipment 3.3 1.3 10.5
Loans granted 8.2 63.2 85.9
Finance lease receivable 8.2 4.9 5.0
Assets held for sale/divestments 3.1 48.5 464.6
Total disposals and repayments 117.9 566.0
Cash flows from investing activities (excluding derivatives) - 330.6 123.6
Settlement of derivatives (net investment hedges) 10.0 - 8.9
Cash flows from investing activities (including derivatives) - 320.6 114.7

Sustainability
Financing:
Proceeds from interest-bearing loans 5.5 6.8 4.0
Settlement of derivative financial instruments 20.2 –
Proceeds and repayments in short-term financing 5.5 79.7 - 58.4
Repayment of interest-bearing loans 5.5 - 334.9 - 273.3
Finance costs paid - 143.5 - 101.9
Dividend paid in cash 5.3 - 133.9 - 127.5
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests 5.4 - 38.9 - 41.3

Governance, risk
Capital addition non-controlling interests 5.4 4.1 –

and compliance
Sale/purchase treasury shares 5.1 1.6 - 3.8
Cash flows from financing activities - 538.8 - 602.2

Net cash flows - 190.5 228.8

Exchange differences - 4.4 1.7
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (including bank overdrafts) - 194.9 230.5

Net cash and cash equivalents (including bank overdrafts) at 1 January 297.8 67.3
Financial Statements

Net cash and cash equivalents (including bank overdrafts) at 31 December 5.5 102.9 297.8
Additional information
141 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 1 Basis of preparation

Executive Board report
Taking into account the characteristics of Vopak’s business, the notes in the financial statements have been
grouped into eight thematic sections rather than in consecutive order based on line items in the Consolidated
primary statements. Each note of a section starts with the Group’s accounting policies as well as the critical
accounting estimates and judgments made.

This section contains the disclosures relevant for understanding the basis of preparation of the Consolidated
financial statements:
• Reporting entity

Storing vital products

• Statement of compliance

with care
• Functional and presentation currency
• Basis of measurement
• Changes in accounting policies for 2017
• Going concern
• Basis of consolidation
• Foreign currency translation
• Hyperinflation accounting
• Accounting policies, not attributable to a specific section

Key developments
• Use of key accounting estimates and judgments

per division
• Financial risk management

Note 1.1 Basis of preparation

Reporting entity
Koninklijke Vopak N.V. (Royal Vopak) has its registered office in Rotterdam (the Netherlands). Vopak is listed on
the Euronext Amsterdam. The Consolidated financial statements of the company for the year ending on
31 December 2017 contain the financial figures of the company and its subsidiaries (jointly referred to as the

Sustainability
‘Group’), as well as the interests of the Group in joint ventures and associates. 

Vopak is the world’s leading independent tank storage provider, specialized in the storage and handling of liquid
chemicals, gases and oil products.

Statement of compliance
The Consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU) and also comply with the financial reporting
requirements included in Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, as far as applicable. The accounting policies

Governance, risk
and compliance
based on IFRS, as described in this section, have been applied consistently for the years presented by all
entities. There were no material changes in the accounting policies applied compared to the previous year.

The financial statements were approved by the Executive Board and the Supervisory Board on 15 February 2018
and are subject to adoption by the shareholders during the Annual General Meeting.

Functional and presentation currency

The Consolidated financial statements are presented in euros (EUR), which is Vopak’s functional and
Financial Statements

presentation currency. All amounts are presented in EUR million and have been rounded to the nearest
EUR 100k, unless otherwise stated.

Basis of measurement
The Consolidated financial statements are based on the historical cost basis except for the following assets and
liabilities, which are measured at fair value: derivative financial instruments, financial assets available for sale,
assets held for sale (when measured at fair value less cost of disposal), and defined benefit pension plans (plan
assets measured at fair value).
Additional information

Changes in accounting policies for 2017

The Group has not applied any new accounting standards in 2017. However, the Group has elected to apply a
change in accounting policy in relation to IFRS 2 ‘Share-based payment’ in 2017. This change in accounting policy
does not have a material effect on the financial statements. For more information, reference is made to note 8.10.
142 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Several IFRS amendments apply for the first time in 2017; however, these do not materially impact the Group’s

Executive Board report
Consolidated financial statements.

Going concern
The Executive Board has assessed the going concern assumptions, during the preparation of the Group’s
Consolidated financial statements. The Executive Board believes that no events or conditions give rise to doubt
about the ability of the Group to continue in operation in the next reporting period. This conclusion is drawn
based on knowledge of the Group, the estimated economic outlook and identified risks and uncertainties in
relation thereto. Furthermore, this conclusion is based on a review of the budget for the next financial year,
including expected developments in liquidity and capital, current credit facilities available including contractual

Storing vital products

and expected maturities and covenants. Consequently, it has been concluded that it is reasonable to apply the

with care
going concern concept as the underlying assumption for the financial statements.

Basis of consolidation
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Vopak controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights
to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through
its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the Consolidated financial
statements from the date on which control commences until the date on which control ceases, using consistent
accounting policies.

Key developments
per division
Non-controlling interests in equity and in results are presented separately. Transactions with non-controlling
interests that do not result in loss of control are accounted for as transactions with shareholders. For purchases
of non-controlling interests, the difference between any consideration paid and the relevant share acquired of
the carrying value of the net asset of the subsidiary is recorded directly in equity. Gains or losses on disposals
of non-controlling interests are also recorded directly in equity. 

Upon initial recognition, a non-controlling interest is measured either at its proportionate interest in the fair value
of the net assets acquired or full fair value, which is elected on a transaction-by-transaction basis.

Sustainability
The Group’s interests in equity-accounted investees comprise interests in joint ventures and associates.

A joint venture is an arrangement in which the Group has joint control, whereby the Group has rights to the net
assets of the arrangement, rather than rights to its assets and obligations for its liabilities.
Associates are entities in which the Group has significant influence, but no control or joint control, over the
financial and operating policies.

Upon loss of control, the Group derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any non-controlling

Governance, risk
and compliance
interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss
of control is recognized in profit or loss.

When the Group ceases to consolidate or equity account for an investment because of a loss of control,
joint control or significant influence, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to its fair value with the
change in carrying amount recognized in profit or loss. This fair value becomes the initial carrying amount for the
purpose of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset.
In addition, any amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the income
Financial Statements

statement.

If the ownership interest in a joint venture or an associate is reduced but joint control or significant influence is
retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income is
reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

Transactions eliminated on consolidation: all inter-company balances and transactions, including unrealized
gains and losses on transactions, are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with
Additional information

joint ventures and associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the equity. Unrealized losses are
eliminated in the same manner as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

For a list of the principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, reference is made to note 8.11 of this report. 
143 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Foreign currency translation

Executive Board report
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of
the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’).

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the dates
of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting
from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of income, except when
deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges or net investment hedges.

Storing vital products

Upon consolidation, the assets and liabilities of non-euro entities, including goodwill and fair value adjustments

with care
at the time of the acquisition, are translated into euros at the year-end rates of exchange (closing exchange
rates). The items of the statement of income of foreign activities, excluding foreign operations in
hyperinflationary economies, are translated at the average exchange rates for the reporting period. The resulting
translation differences of the net investments in foreign operations are recognized as foreign currency
translation reserve (translation reserve) in other comprehensive income. The same applies to exchange
differences arising from loans drawn and other financial instruments to the extent that these hedge the
currency risk related to the net investment. 

Key developments
Upon disposal of all or part of an interest in an entity, or upon liquidation of an entity, cumulative currency

per division
translation differences related to that entity are recognized in the income statement. When the Group disposes
of only part of its interest in a subsidiary with a foreign operation, while retaining control, the relevant portion
of the cumulative amount is not transferred to profit or loss but reattributed to non-controlling interests.
Upon disposal of a foreign activity with a non-controlling interest, the cumulative amount relating to
the non-controlling interests shall be derecognized, but shall not be reclassified to profit or loss. A share capital
or share premium distribution by an entity is not considered to be a partial disposal when the Group retains
its relative share in the entity.

Sustainability
The following main exchange rates are used in the financial statements:

Closing exchange rate Average exchange rate

EUR 1.00 is equivalent to 2017 2016 2017 2016
US dollar 1.19 1.05 1.13 1.11
Singapore dollar 1.60 1.52 1.56 1.53
Chinese yuan 7.80 7.34 7.63 7.35
Australian dollar 1.53 1.45 1.47 1.49
Brazilian real 3.96 3.43 3.60 3.85

Governance, risk
and compliance

Hyperinflation accounting
Vopak applies hyperinflation accounting only for the terminal in Venezuela. The effects of this hyperinflation
accounting on the consolidated financial figures of the Group are limited. The operations in Venezuela represent
an insignificant part of the total assets and the Group operating profit of Vopak. The terminal in Venezuela is fully
licensed, operates in accordance with the Vopak Standards and has a solid performance.
Financial Statements

The results and financial position of our terminal in Venezuela are translated from bolivar to euros for the
reporting periods presented based on the closing exchange rate at year-end applied by the company because
the entity has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, the bolivar, as its functional currency.

The index used to apply hyperinflation accounting is the monthly Consumer Price Index (CPI) published by the
Banco Central de Venezuela.
Additional information
144 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Accounting policies, not attributable to a specific section

Executive Board report
The Group’s significant accounting policies are described in the relevant individual notes to the Consolidated
financial statements or otherwise stated below. A list of the notes is shown in the table of contents preceding
the financial statements.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet only when there is
a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or
realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Storing vital products

Cash flow statement

with care
The cash flow statement is prepared based on the indirect method. Cash flows denominated in foreign
currencies are translated at average exchange rates. Exchange and translation gains and losses on cash and
cash equivalents (including current liabilities arising from credit facilities) are presented separately.

The Consolidated statement of cash flows shows the Group’s cash flows from operating, investing and
financing activities for the year.

Key developments
Use of key accounting estimates and judgments

per division
Preparing the Consolidated financial statements means that the Group must use insights, estimates and
assumptions that could affect the reported assets and liabilities and the information provided on contingent
assets and liabilities as at the statement of financial position date as well as the reported income and expenses.
The actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates. The estimates and the underlying assumptions
are reviewed on a regular basis. Adjustments are made in the period in which the estimates were reviewed if
the adjustment affects that period, or in the relevant period and the future periods if the adjustment affects both
current and future periods. 

Sustainability
Management insights, estimates and assumptions that might have a major impact on the financial statements are:
• Assets held for sale (note 3.5)
• Useful life and residual value of property, plant and equipment (note 3.6)
• Impairment tests (note 3.7)
• Determining the recoverable value of our associate Vopak Terminal Haiteng (note 3.7)
• Derivative financial instruments (note 5.9)
• Deferred tax (note 7.2)
• Pension and other employee benefits (note 8.4)
• Provisions (note 8.5)

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
145 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Financial risk management 

Executive Board report
The Group is exposed to a number of financial risks inherent in its day-to-day operations. These risks are
connected with the effects of movements in exchange rates and interest rates. The Group is also exposed to
credit risk and liquidity risk. 

Financial risks are identified by Global Treasury, the central treasury department, and discussed in detail with
the CFO. The Executive Board provides written principles for overall risk management as well as written
policies covering specific areas such as foreign exchange risk, interest risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial
instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity. Reports on risk and risk
management are submitted on a regular basis. 

Storing vital products

with care
Hedging alternatives are discussed by the Strategic Finance Committee, a body comprising representatives
from the various financial disciplines at the head office, prior to approval for the transactions being requested
from the Executive Board.

In order to control the risks attached to fluctuations in foreign currencies and interest rates, Vopak uses
derivative financial instruments in accordance with a financial policy approved by the Executive Board. This
financial policy is designed to control the effects of such risks on cash flows, equity and results. Speculative
positions are not allowed. The main derivative financial instruments used by the Group are forward exchange

Key developments
contracts, interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps (CCIRSs).

per division
The areas involving the most significant financial risks are trade and other receivables, foreign currency
exchange risk arising from future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments
in foreign operations, net finance costs resulting from fluctuations in market interest rates and liquidity
risks. Information about the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing the risk
exposures related to these items is included in the following notes: 
• Trade and other receivables and related credit risk (note 4.2)
• Liquidity risk (note 5.6)

Sustainability
• Currency risk (note 5.7)
• Interest rate risk (note 5.8)
• Financial assets and liabilities and related credit risk (note 8.9)

The Group has not identified additional financial risk exposures in 2017 compared to the previous year, and the
approach to capital management and risk management activities remained unchanged compared to the prior year.

The Group is exposed to risk in relation to the translation of the results of foreign operations, which is not
mitigated. This risk is described in the following note:

Governance, risk
and compliance
• Translation and operational currency risk (note 2.8)
Financial Statements
Additional information
146 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 2 Group operating performance

Executive Board report
This section comprises notes which provide specifications and explanations related to the Group’s operating
performance for the year, including disclosures on segmentation.

The following notes are presented in this section:

• 2.1 Segment information
• 2.2 Exceptional items
• 2.3 Revenues
• 2.4 Other operating income

Storing vital products

• 2.5 Personnel expenses

with care
• 2.6 Other operating expenses
• 2.7 Result of joint ventures and associates
• 2.8 Translation and operational currency risk
• 2.9 Cash flows from operating activities (gross)

Note 2.1 Segment information

Accounting policies

Key developments
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Group’s accounting policies described

per division
throughout the notes when relevant.

Reportable segments
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the
Executive Board, which is the chief operating decision maker. The division st ructure is primarily based on
geographical markets. Business activities that cannot be allocated to any other segment are reported under
‘Global functions, corporate activities and others’. These include primarily the head office costs and expenses
related to other interests.

Sustainability
The operating segments (divisions) Asia and China have historically been aggregated into the reportable
segment ‘Asia’ as their terminal portfolios have similar economic characteristics, among others, in the area of
profitability, and provide similar services to a similar type of customer. The China operating segment represents
a small part of the Asia reportable segment.

Effective per 1 January 2018, Vopak streamlined its divisional structure, resulting in a situation where the
Group comprises five divisions (operating segments) instead of the previous six. The five divisions will be
Europe & Africa, Asia & Middle East, China & North Asia, Americas and LNG. This is part of the organizational

Governance, risk
and compliance
and operational efficiency programs in relation to the earlier announced strategic direction for the period
2017-2019. The Group will revise the segmental comparative figures in 2018 when the divisional change will
be effective.
Financial Statements
Additional information
147 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Statement of income

Executive Board report
Result of joint
Depreciation and ventures and Group operating
Revenues 1 amortization associates profit (EBIT)
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Netherlands 471.6 496.4 108.9 105.7 1.8 1.9 140.5 180.8
Europe, Middle East & Africa 176.3 189.9 44.2 40.8 30.1 38.2 61.9 80.3
Asia 370.1 385.2 63.8 66.3 41.7 49.9 210.3 230.4
of which Singapore 264.2 278.9 40.3 41.9 0.8 0.6 151.5 161.9

Storing vital products

of which China 26.7 28.9 8.8 9.4 12.6 20.0 11.0 18.8
Americas 286.0 273.8 46.5 44.3 1.1 0.5 83.4 76.2

with care
of which United States 167.1 171.3 24.9 24.8 0.7 0.5 57.4 56.2
LNG – – – – 36.5 32.8 33.1 28.0
Global functions, corporate activities and others 1.9 1.6 9.4 6.8 0.1 0.5 - 38.8 - 37.3
Total excluding exceptional items 1,305.9 1,346.9 272.8 263.9 111.3 123.8 490.4 558.4

Exceptional items:
Netherlands 22.5 0.9

Key developments
Europe, Middle East & Africa - 52.0 226.3

per division
Asia - 38.4 - 16.5
Americas – - 2.7
LNG – –
Global functions, corporate activities and others – - 7.1
Total including exceptional items 422.5 759.3

Reconciliation consolidated net profit 2

Group operating profit (EBIT) 422.5 759.3
Net finance costs - 122.0 - 107.2

Sustainability
Profit before income tax 300.5 652.1
Income tax - 25.3 - 72.5
Net profit 275.2 579.6
1. There are no single external customers that represent 10% or more of the Group’s total revenues.
2. As the Group neither allocates interest expenses to segments, nor accounts for taxes in them, there is no segmented disclosure of the net profit.

Statement of financial position at 31 December

Governance, risk
Assets of Joint ventures and compliance
subsidiaries and associates Total assets Total liabilities
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Netherlands 1,480.4 1,479.8 1.8 0.3 1,482.2 1,480.1 108.5 116.2
Europe, Middle East & Africa 729.9 699.8 175.7 240.5 905.6 940.3 146.5 151.9
Asia 1,041.1 1,128.4 543.0 632.7 1,584.1 1,761.1 273.5 290.7
of which Singapore 635.6 670.5 1.3 1.0 636.9 671.5 211.0 232.7
Financial Statements

of which China 146.0 182.6 220.7 287.5 366.7 470.1 22.4 17.7
Americas 706.8 732.4 67.5 49.0 774.3 781.4 176.6 210.2
of which United States 309.2 310.5 42.6 47.7 351.8 358.2 97.4 129.9
LNG 0.4 0.7 181.4 170.0 181.8 170.7 1.9 3.1
Global functions, corporate activities and others 187.2 449.2 - 0.7 - 0.8 186.5 448.4 1,771.6 2,250.9
Total 4,145.8 4,490.3 968.7 1,091.7 5,114.5 5,582.0 2,478.6 3,023.0
Additional information
148 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Investments 1

Executive Board report
Intangible Property, plant Other non- Joint ventures
assets and equipment current assets and associates Total
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Netherlands 2.4 1.2 108.0 147.3 – – – 0.7 110.4 149.2
Europe, Middle East & Africa 0.3 0.9 55.4 87.2 – – 0.1 0.1 55.8 88.2
Asia 0.3 0.2 49.4 38.2 – – – 72.5 49.7 110.9
of which Singapore 0.3 0.1 36.4 22.7 – – – – 36.7 22.8
of which China – – 3.5 3.4 – – – 6.7 3.5 10.1

Storing vital products

Americas 0.2 0.1 106.9 48.4 0.2 0.1 7.3 1.0 114.6 49.6

with care
of which United States – – 61.4 23.0 – – – 1.0 61.4 24.0
LNG – – – – – – – – – –
Global functions, corporate
activities and others 20.7 13.8 2.0 6.9 – – – – 22.7 20.7
Total 23.9 16.2 321.7 328.0 0.2 0.1 7.4 74.3 353.2 418.6
1. Excluding loans granted, finance lease receivable and acquisition of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates.

Key developments
Note 2.2 Exceptional items

per division
Group policy
The items in the statement of income include items that are exceptional by nature from a management
perspective based on their size and/or nature. For the definition of exceptional items applied by the company,
reference is made to the Glossary. The material exceptional items are disclosed separately in the notes when
relevant in order to increase transparency.

Exceptional items

Sustainability
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Gains on assets held for sale/divestments 2.4 1.4 287.6
Loss on assets held for sale/divestments 2.6 – - 1.0
Impairments 3.7 - 2.1 - 5.7
Write-off receivables 2.6 – - 5.3
Legal costs 2.6 – - 3.6
Vopak 400 stakeholder events 2.5, 2.6 – - 7.2
Operating profit - 0.7 264.8

Governance, risk
and compliance
Impairments joint ventures and associates 2.7, 3.7 - 91.8 - 63.1
Reversal impairments joint ventures and associates 2.7, 3.7 – 3.0
Exceptional items included in Result joint ventures and associates 2.7 24.6 - 3.8
Group operating profit - 67.9 200.9
Finance costs 5.10 - 23.5 –
Profit before income tax - 91.4 200.9
Tax on above-mentioned items 7.1 4.8 6.8
Financial Statements

Release deferred taxes due to change in tax rates 7.1 34.6 –

Total effect on net profit - 52.0 207.7
Additional information
149 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Executive Board report
For more information on the individual exceptional items, including their amount and nature, reference is made
to the corresponding notes. A reconciliation between the income statement based on IFRS and the income
statement excluding exceptional items is presented in the table below.

2017 2016
Excluding Excluding
Exceptional exceptional exceptional
In EUR millions IFRS figures items items items
Revenues 1,305.9 – 1,305.9 1,346.9

Storing vital products

Other operating income 23.3 1.4 21.9 15.6

with care
Total operating income 1,329.2 1.4 1,327.8 1,362.5
Personnel expenses - 338.0 – - 338.0 - 341.6
Impairment - 2.1 - 2.1 – –
Other operating expenses - 337.9 – - 337.9 - 322.4
Result joint ventures and associates 44.1 - 67.2 111.3 123.8
Group operating profit before depreciation and
amortization (EBITDA) 695.3 - 67.9 763.2 822.3
Depreciation and amortization - 272.8 – - 272.8 - 263.9

Key developments
Group operating profit (EBIT) 422.5 - 67.9 490.4 558.4

per division
Interest and dividend income 12.6 – 12.6 11.4
Finance costs - 134.6 - 23.5 - 111.1 - 118.6
Net finance costs - 122.0 - 23.5 - 98.5 - 107.2
Profit before income tax 300.5 - 91.4 391.9 451.2
Income tax - 25.3 39.4 - 64.7 - 79.3
Net profit 275.2 - 52.0 327.2 371.9
Non-controlling interests - 39.8 – - 39.8 - 45.8
Net profit holders of ordinary shares 235.4 - 52.0 287.4 326.1

Sustainability
Basic earnings per ordinary share (in EUR) 1.85 2.25 2.56
Diluted earnings per ordinary share (in EUR) 1.84 2.25 2.55

Note 2.3 Revenues

The Group operates bulk liquids and gas storage terminals in key strategic ports. The Group owns and operates
specialized facilities including product tanks, jetties, truck loading stations and pipelines, and provides access to
road and rail networks. In many instances, the Group stores the customers´ products for extended periods at

Governance, risk
and compliance
the terminals, often under strictly specified conditions such as controlled temperatures. The Group also blends
components according to customer specifications.

The Group ensures efficient, safe and clean storage and handling of bulk liquid products and gases for its
customers. By doing so, the Group enables the delivery of vital products, ranging from oil, chemicals, gases
and LNG to biofuels and vegoils.

Accounting policies
Financial Statements

Revenue represents the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for services provided in the normal
course of business, stated net of discounts and value added taxes. Monthly storage rates and prices for other
services are contractually agreed before the services are rendered and do not contain material variable components.
When it is probable that the future economic benefits will flow to the Group, the recognition in the statement of
income is in proportion to the stage of the rendered performance as at the end of the reporting period.

The Group has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with
the value to the customer of the entity’s services completed to date. Tank storage rentals, including minimum
Additional information

guaranteed throughputs, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual period during which
the services are rendered. Revenues from excess throughputs, heating/cooling, homogenization, product
movements and other services are recognized when these services are rendered.
150 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Customers simultaneously consume and benefit from the services at the moment that these are rendered.

Executive Board report
Modifications of property, plant and equipment upfront paid by customers are accounted for as prepaid
revenues and recognized in the statement of income over the contractual period on a straight-line basis.

Storage fees are mostly invoiced upfront in the month preceding the month to which the storage fees relate.
Handling and other services are generally invoiced afterwards, based on the actual usage. Invoices are generally
paid by customers at relatively short notice in agreement with the payment terms of the contracts.

Within the revenue related to storage and handling services, the following categorization is made:
• Storage services: relates to revenues from renting of storage capacity

Storing vital products

• Product movements: revenues related to product movements

with care
• Storage & handling related services: relates to revenues for storage and handling related services, such as
blending, homogenization, temperature control.

The Group does not make any significant judgments with regards to revenue recognition, among others due to
the nature of the business.

As per 1 January 2018, the Group will apply the new revenue recognition accounting standard
IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’. Reference is made to note 8.10 for an overview of

Key developments
the financial effects of the initial application of this standard.

per division
Revenues
The table below provides an overview of the revenue per type of service that the Group provides to
its customers.

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Storage services 1,052.5 1,090.6
Product movements 100.2 106.9

Sustainability
Storage and handling related services 93.2 96.4
Other services 60.0 53.0
Revenues 1,305.9 1,346.9

The table below provides an overview of the revenues per product type per reportable segment
(product-market combinations).

Europe, Middle

Governance, risk
and compliance
Netherlands East & Africa Asia Americas Other Total
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Oil Products 278.9 298.7 87.5 95.1 182.7 190.8 84.6 83.8 – – 633.7 668.4
Chemical Products 86.9 92.1 84.0 89.4 158.3 165.8 133.6 132.9 – – 462.8 480.2
Vegoils & Biofuels 62.9 64.5 0.8 1.5 3.3 5.1 53.0 51.4 – – 120.0 122.5
Gas Products 27.8 26.2 0.3 0.6 9.4 8.4 – – – – 37.5 35.2
Other Services 15.1 14.9 3.7 3.3 16.4 15.1 14.8 5.7 1.9 1.6 51.9 40.6
Revenues 471.6 496.4 176.3 189.9 370.1 385.2 286.0 273.8 1.9 1.6 1,305.9 1,346.9
Financial Statements
Additional information
151 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The table below provides an overview of the assets and liabilities recognized in relation to contracts with

Executive Board report
customers and their movements during the periods presented.

2017 2016
Provision Provision
Trade for Deferred Trade for Deferred
In EUR millions Receivables impairment Revenues Total Receivables impairment Revenues Total
Balance at 1 January 111.5 - 3.2 - 38.5 69.8 104.9 - 3.0 - 35.8 66.1
Recognized as revenue
in current period 1,267.4 – 38.5 1,305.9 1,311.1 – 35.8 1,346.9

Storing vital products

Payments - 1,264.3 – - 28.0 - 1,292.3 - 1,304.4 – - 38.5 - 1,342.9
Impairments – - 0.2 – - 0.2 – - 1.2 – - 1.2

with care
Reversal of impairments – 0.2 – 0.2 – 0.9 – 0.9
Receivables written
off during the year as
uncollectible - 1.0 1.1 – 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 – –
Exchange differences - 5.6 0.2 – - 5.4 – – – –
Balance at 31 December 108.0 - 1.9 - 28.0 78.1 111.5 - 3.2 - 38.5 69.8

Key developments
Note 2.4 Other operating income

per division
Accounting policies
Gains on the sale of assets and the divestment of interests in other entities are deemed realized at the time the
benefits and the risks of the assets are entirely borne by the buyer and there is no uncertainty as to whether the
agreed payment will be received. Gains on the sale of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are realized at
the time control respectively joint-control or significant influence is no longer exercised.

Other operating income

Sustainability
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Management fee joint ventures and associates 10.9 7.5
Gains on sale of property, plant and equipment 0.4 2.8
Gains on assets held for sale/divestments 1.4 287.6
Other 10.6 5.3
Total 23.3 303.2

The divestments that were completed during 2017 resulted in an exceptional gain on divestment of

Governance, risk
and compliance
EUR 1.4 million (2016: EUR 287.6 million). For more information on the 2016 gains on assets held for 
sale/divestments, reference is made to note 3.1 and note 3.4.

Note 2.5 Personnel expenses

Accounting policies
Short-term employee benefits: wages, salaries, social security contributions, annual leave and sickness
absenteeism, bonuses and non-monetary benefits are recognized in the year in which the related services are
Financial Statements

rendered by employees.

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Group before the normal retirement
date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Group
recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Group can no longer withdraw
the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the Group recognizes a restructuring provision that involves the
payment of termination benefits.
Additional information

The Group recognizes a provision for bonus plans where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice
that has created a constructive obligation.

For the accounting policies related to share-based compensation, other types of remuneration and Pensions and
other employee benefits reference is made to the notes 6.2 and 8.4.
152 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Personnel expenses

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Wages and salaries 267.4 265.0
Social security charges 33.7 33.6
Contribution to pension schemes (defined contribution) 7.6 9.0
Pension charges (defined benefit plans) 8.4 35.5 29.9
Long-term incentive plans 6.2 - 1.9 10.5
Early retirement 3.9 2.3

Storing vital products

Other personnel expenses 36.2 29.0
Capitalized personnel expenses - 44.4 - 37.1

with care
Total 338.0 342.2

In 2017 EUR 2.8 million (2016: nil) of expenses was recognized in connection with organizational alignments at
various locations within the Group.

Average number of employees (in FTEs)

During the year under review, the Group employed an average of 4,046 employees and temporary staff (in FTEs)

Key developments
(2016: 3,913). The movements in the number of own employees at subsidiaries (in FTEs) were as follows:

per division
In FTEs 2017 2016
Number at 1 January 3,580 3,639
Joiners 423 419
Leavers - 364 - 341
Acquisition – 33
Deconsolidation – - 170
Number at 31 December 3,639 3,580

Sustainability
Note 2.6 Other operating expenses

Accounting policies
Operating expenses are recognized in the income statement when incurred. They are caused by a decrease in
future economic benefits related to a decrease of an asset or an increase of a liability that has arisen and can
be measured reliably.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Losses on the sale of assets are presented under Other operating expenses and are recognized as soon as they
are foreseen. Costs relating to the identification and selection phases of business development projects are
recognized in the statement of income in the year in which the costs are incurred.

Leased assets, of which the benefits and risks remain substantially with the lease provider, are regarded
as operating leases. Payments made for operating leases are charged to the statement of income on a
straight-line basis over the term of the lease. If an operating lease is terminated early, any financial obligation
or penalty owed to the owner will be recognized in the statement of income in the period in which the lease
Financial Statements

was terminated.
Additional information
153 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Other operating expenses

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Maintenance 62.4 57.1
Energy and utilities 41.0 41.9
Operating lease 54.9 53.0
Environmental, safety and cleaning 34.3 31.4
Advisory fees 20.8 31.5
Insurance 20.2 13.4

Storing vital products

Rents and rates 19.4 20.2
Third party logistics 8.9 8.6

with care
IT 16.8 15.1
Other 59.2 66.7
Total 337.9 338.9

2017
There are no exceptional items included in Other operating expenses for 2017.

Key developments
2016

per division
In 2016, other operating expenses were recognized as exceptional items for the amount of EUR 16.5 million.
The total amount of exceptional items primarily relates to the following:

The divestment of our interest in the joint venture Nippon Vopak, resulted in a divestment loss of
EUR 1.0 million. Reference is also made to note 3.4.

A write-down of a receivable relating to a legal dispute in the Asia division has resulted in an exceptional loss of
EUR 3.1 million. Furthermore, EUR 3.6 million was recognized as legal expenses in connection with a legal case

Sustainability
resulting from a dispute with a contractor in the Asia division.

In addition, the Group provided additional funds of EUR 2.2 million to the joint venture Vopak Terminal Dongguan
during 2016. These additions to the total net investment in the joint venture have been fully impaired, as they
were used for funding the pre-operating losses of the company prior to the divestment.

An amount of EUR 7.2 million was recognized as an exceptional item on expenditures relating to the Vopak
400 stakeholder events, of which EUR 6.6 million was recognized as Other operating expenses.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Note 2.7 Result of joint ventures and associates

Accounting policies
Joint ventures and associates are accounted for using the equity method. For the accounting policies relating to
joint ventures and associates, reference is made to note 3.4.

Result of joint ventures and associates

Financial Statements

In EUR millions Note 2017 2016

Result of joint ventures and associates (excluding exceptional items) 3.4 111.3 120.0
Impairments joint ventures and associates (exceptional items) 3.4, 3.7 - 91.8 - 63.1
Reversal of impairments joint ventures and associates (exceptional items) 3.4, 3.7 – 3.0
Gains on sale of joint ventures and associates 3.4 24.6 –
Total 44.1 59.9
Additional information

Joint ventures are an important part of the Group. Summarized financial information of our joint ventures
and associates on an IFRS basis is presented in note 3.4. In addition, the effects of unaudited non-IFRS
proportionate consolidation on the statement of financial position and statement of income of the Group
are presented under ‘Additional information’ accompanying this report.
154 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 2.8 Translation and operational currency risk

Executive Board report
The Group is exposed to a low level of currency risk on the transaction level, since operating income and
operating expenses are, as a rule, largely denominated in the same currency. However, in some countries
(in particular, in Latin America and Asia), a substantial portion of the income flow is in US dollars whereas the
operating expenses are denominated in local currencies. In these countries, the aim is to hedge the transaction
risk naturally. Any material net transaction position can be hedged in full by means of forward exchange contracts.

The Group is, however, exposed to risk in connection with translation of income statements and net assets of
foreign entities into euros, since a significant portion of the Group’s results is generated in foreign entities. 

Storing vital products

Sensitivity to exchange rates arising from the translation of the results of foreign

with care
currency operations
The translation risk of converting the net result of foreign entities into euros mainly concerns the Singapore
dollar and the US dollar. The sensitivity to these currencies, based on a reasonable change in the exchange rate
at the reporting date, is as follows:

A 10 dollar cent change in the EUR/USD exchange rate approximately affects Vopak’s figures as follows
(based on figures for 2017, excluding exceptional items):

Key developments
• Revenues would differ by EUR 19.4 million (2016: EUR 19.2 million)

per division
• Group operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) would differ by EUR 12.0 million
(2016: EUR 12.1 million)
• Group operating profit (EBIT) would differ by EUR 9.0 million (2016: EUR 9.1 million)
• Net profit would differ by EUR 6.5 million (2016: EUR 6.7 million).

A 10 dollar cent change in the EUR/SGD exchange rate approximately affects Vopak’s figures as follows
(based on figures for 2017 excluding exceptional items):
• Revenues would differ by EUR 17.0 million (2016: EUR 18.5 million)

Sustainability
• Group operating profit before depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) would differ by EUR 12.9 million
(2016: EUR 13.8 million)
• ​Group operating profit (EBIT) would differ by EUR 10.3 million (2016: EUR 11.1 million)
• Net profit would differ by EUR 6.0 million (2016: EUR 9.2 million).

Accounting estimates and judgments

In Venezuela, the Group is exposed to exchange controls and currency exchange rate fluctuations. The country
of Venezuela currently operates a number of alternative exchange mechanisms, the official ‘DIPRO’ rate and the
‘DICOM’ rate. Due to the exceptional situation where two different exchange rates exist, management has to

Governance, risk
and compliance
apply judgment to assess which rate applies to the company. Based on the current facts and circumstances,
management has assessed the most appropriate exchange rate for the years presented. It was concluded
that the ‘DICOM’ rate was the most likely exchange rate at which future dividends may be remitted and
consequently for translating the financial figures of our Venezuela terminal into euros.

In this multiple foreign exchange rate system, Vopak is exposed to the risk that the exchange rate will further
devalue. Because the Venezuelan bolivar-denominated assets, liabilities, income and expenses of our Venezuelan
operations are translated into euros for consolidation purposes, a further devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar
Financial Statements

going forward could result in lower translated results, assets and liabilities in Vopak’s consolidated figures,
which are presented in euros. As the Venezuela operations represent an insignificant part of the Vopak Group,
the effects of a devaluation would be limited. The accumulated amount of unrealized currency translation losses
recognized in equity via Other comprehensive income amounted to EUR 47.3 million per year-end 2017.

Although our operation in Venezuela is subject to exchange controls, the impact on the company is limited.
The total cash and cash equivalents balance at year-end 2017 in Venezuela is limited (EUR 0.5 million). This is
also because Vopak is constantly pursuing growth opportunities and therefore cash balances are continuously
Additional information

reinvested in the company.

155 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 2.9 Cash flows from operating activities (gross)

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Net profit 275.2 579.6
Adjustments for:
- Depreciation and amortization 3.6 272.8 263.9
- Impairment 3.7 2.1 5.7
- Net finance costs 5.10 122.0 107.2
- Income tax 7.1 25.3 72.5

Storing vital products

- Movements in other non-current assets 1.2 0.8
- Movements in other long-term liabilities - 1.3 - 5.5

with care
- Movements in provisions excluding deferred taxes 12.7 9.5
- Movements in non-controlling interests 5.4 – 2.3
- Result joint ventures and associates 2.7 - 44.1 - 59.9
- Measurement of equity-settled share-based payment arrangements 5.3 - 0.4 2.9
- Result on sale of property, plant and equipment 2.4 3.7 2.5
- Result on sale of assets held for sale 2.4 - 1.4 - 293.0
Total adjustments 392.6 108.9

Key developments
Realized value adjustments of derivative financial instruments - 4.5 - 8.6

per division
Movements in other current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents) - 22.2 - 1.1
Movements in other current liabilities (excluding bank overdrafts and dividends) - 9.3 - 7.2
Dividend received from joint ventures and associates 3.4 81.9 112.7
Effect of changes in exchange rates on other current assets and liabilities 0.1 - 1.1
Cash flows from operating activities (gross) 713.8 783.2

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
156 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 3 Strategic investments and divestments

Executive Board report
This section presents details on the core operating assets that form the basis for the activities of the Vopak
Group, including the main developments with regard to these assets during the financial years presented.

The following notes are presented in this section:

• 3.1 Acquisition and divestment of subsidiaries
• 3.2 Intangible assets
• 3.3 Property, plant and equipment
• 3.4 Joint ventures and associates

Storing vital products

• 3.5 Assets held for sale

with care
• 3.6 Depreciation and amortization
• 3.7 Impairment tests and impairments

Note 3.1 Acquisition and divestment of subsidiaries

Accounting policies

Business combinations

Key developments
Acquired businesses are recognized in the Consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date, which

per division
is the date when the Group effectively obtains control of the acquired business. Businesses that are divested or
wound up are recognized in the Consolidated financial statements until the date of divestment or winding-up.
Comparative figures are not restated for businesses acquired, divested or wound up. 

When the Group obtains control of a business, the acquisition method is applied. The identifiable assets,
liabilities and contingent liabilities are measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Identifiable intangible assets
are recognized if separable or if they arise from contractual or other legal rights. Deferred tax related to fair value
adjustments is also recognized.

Sustainability
Any excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, the recognized amount of any non-controlling
interests and the fair value of any existing equity interest in the acquired entity over the fair value of identifiable
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities, is recognized as goodwill. When the excess is negative, a bargain
purchase gain is recognized in the statement of income at the acquisition date.

If parts of the consideration are conditional upon future events (contingent consideration) or satisfaction of
agreed terms, these parts are recognized at fair value at the acquisition date. Transaction costs that the Group
incurs in connection with the business combination are expensed as incurred under Other operating expenses.

Governance, risk
Divestments and compliance

Gains or losses on the divestments or winding-up of subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates are measured as
the difference between the consideration received adjusted for directly related divestment or winding-up costs
and the carrying amount of the net assets at the time of disposal or winding-up including any carrying amount
of allocated goodwill. 

Acquisitions of subsidiaries
Financial Statements

There were no acquisitions of subsidiaries in 2017 and 2016.

2017
Earlier announced acquisition of FSRU business no longer pursued
On 21 December 2016, Vopak and Exmar announced that they reached a conditional agreement on the
acquisition by Vopak of Exmar’s participation in FSRU assets. As previously stated, the finalization of the deal
was subject to consent and cooperation of multiple stakeholders.
Additional information

On 26 April 2017, after careful consideration, Vopak and Exmar concluded that these requirements will not be
met in the envisaged transaction. Therefore, parties have decided to no longer pursue the closing of the FSRU
transaction between Vopak and Exmar.
157 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
2016

Executive Board report
Panama - asset transaction
As part of the agreement with Chevron for the operatorship of Chevron’s existing terminal at Bahia Las Minas
in Panama, Vopak also acquired several assets via the acquisition of a legal entity in the second half of 2016.
As the acquired entity did not constitute a business, this transaction was treated as a‌n asset deal. The 2016
cash outflow relating to this transaction amounted to EUR 20.5 million. Vopak will develop and construct an
independent oil terminal at this location.

Divestments
The table below provides an overview of all divestments completed during 2017 and 2016, including

Storing vital products

joint ventures and associates, as well as the results realized on these divestments.

with care
In EUR millions 2017 2016
UK terminals – 282.9
Vopak Terminal Dongguan – 2.4
Result formation of joint venture – 2.1
Nippon terminals – - 1.0
Business development joint venture DJK 1.4 –
Vopak Terminal Eemshaven partial divestment 24.6 –

Key developments
Others – 0.9

per division
Total 26.0 287.3

The total net cash proceeds (excluding tax effects) from the divestments amounted to EUR 48.5 million
(2016: EUR 464.6 million). The gains on divestments of subsidiaries are recognized as Other operating income.
Reference is also made to note 2.2.

The divestments in the period 2014 - 2016, except for the UK transaction, were in line with Vopak’s earlier

Sustainability
decision to divest around 15 primarily smaller terminals. This program was completed in 2016.

For an overview of the results realized on the divestment of joint ventures and associates, reference is made
to note 3.4.

Divestments of subsidiaries

2017
There were no divestments of subsidiaries in 2017.

Governance, risk
2016 and compliance

United Kingdom
In the first quarter of 2016, Vopak completed the earlier announced divestment of all of its assets in
the United Kingdom (EMEA division). The divestment comprised the three wholly-owned terminals:
Vopak Terminal London, Vopak Terminal Teesside and Vopak Terminal Windmill and Vopak’s 33.3% investment
in the business development joint venture Thames Oilport. The divestment resulted in a  net exceptional gain
on divestment of EUR 282.9 million.
Financial Statements

Reference is made to note 3.5 for information on the subsidiaries and joint ventures classified as ‘held for sale’
at year-end.
Additional information
158 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 3.2 Intangible assets

Executive Board report
Accounting policies
Intangible assets include goodwill, capitalized software costs, contractual relationships, concessions and
favorable leases ensuing from business combinations. Goodwill represents the difference between the
purchase price and Vopak’s share in the fair value of the acquired identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent
liabilities of the company acquired at the time Vopak obtains control (acquisition method). Goodwill is carried
at cost less accumulated impairments.

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each of the

Storing vital products

cash-generating units (CGUs; normally an individual terminal), or groups of CGUs, which are expected to benefit

with care
from the synergies of the combination. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated represents
the lowest level within the Vopak Group at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.
Goodwill is monitored by the management at the operating segment level and is therefore allocated to the
operating segments for impairment testing purposes. 

Goodwill relating to an associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment in the
associate or joint venture and is not tested for impairment separately, but is part of the impairment testing of
the investment in the associate or joint venture.

Key developments
per division
Software is carried at historical cost, net of straight-line amortization based on its expected useful life and any
potential impairment.

Other intangible assets are carried at their initial fair value at the time of the acquisition, net of straight-line
amortization and impairments.

​Other items are mainly licenses that are carried at historical cost, net of straight-line amortization. 

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
159 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Movements in intangible assets

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note Goodwill Software Other Total
Purchase price of operating assets 44.5 94.5 19.2 158.2
Accumulated amortization and impairment - 2.9 - 69.6 - 7.2 - 79.7
Carrying amount in use 41.6 24.9 12.0 78.5
Purchase price under construction – 11.3 – 11.3
Carrying amount at 31 December 2015 41.6 36.2 12.0 89.8
Movements:

Storing vital products

Acquisitions – – 47.8 47.8
Additions – 16.2 – 16.2

with care
Amortization 3.6 – - 7.7 - 1.7 - 9.4
Impairment 3.7 – – - 0.4 - 0.4
Exchange differences 1.4 0.2 0.2 1.8
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 43.0 44.9 57.9 145.8

Purchase price of operating assets 43.0 107.6 67.5 218.1

Accumulated amortization and impairment – - 76.6 - 9.6 - 86.2
Carrying amount in use 43.0 31.0 57.9 131.9

Key developments
Purchase price under construction – 13.9 – 13.9

per division
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 43.0 44.9 57.9 145.8
Movements:
Additions – 23.9 – 23.9
Amortization 3.6 – - 10.2 - 2.2 - 12.4
Exchange differences - 2.6 - 0.1 - 5.8 - 8.5
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 40.4 58.5 49.9 148.8

Purchase price of operating assets 40.4 128.8 58.8 228.0

Sustainability
Accumulated amortization and impairment – - 80.2 - 8.9 - 89.1
Carrying amount in use 40.4 48.6 49.9 138.9
Purchase price under construction – 9.9 – 9.9
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 40.4 58.5 49.9 148.8

The increase in intangible assets in 2017, primarily relates to internally developed IT-projects. In 2016 intangible
assets were acquired as part of the acquisition of assets in Panama. For the latter, reference is made to note 3.1.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Note 3.3 Property, plant and equipment

Accounting policies
Property, plant and equipment mainly relates to the terminals assets of the company which are used to service
the customers in the various countries where the Group operates. Property, plant and equipment are broken
down into their components and carried at historical cost, net of accumulated straight-line depreciation and
less any impairment losses. Interest during construction is capitalized (see also note 5.10). Historical cost
includes the initial acquisition cost plus other direct acquisition costs (such as unrecoverable taxes or transport)
Financial Statements

and construction costs that can be allocated directly (such as hours of own employees and advisory fees).
To the extent that dismantling obligations exist at the end of the useful life, these estimated costs and any
amendments thereto are included in the cost of the assets. 

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate,
only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and
the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized.
Costs of repairs and maintenance that do not increase the future economic benefits and are part of the
Additional information

day-to-day servicing of the assets are recognized as expenses.

160 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards

Executive Board report
of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalized at the lease’s inception at the fair
value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The finance cost is
charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the
remaining balance of the liability for each period.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the asset’s useful life or
over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group
will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

Storing vital products

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Group as

with care
lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to profit or loss
on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Movements in property, plant and equipment

Tank storage Machinery and
In EUR millions Note Land Buildings terminals equipment Total
Purchase price of operating assets 45.1 263.5 4,967.5 208.6 5,484.7

Key developments
Accumulated depreciation and impairment - 0.2 - 129.8 - 2,098.9 - 126.3 - 2,355.2

per division
Carrying amount in use 44.9 133.7 2,868.6 82.3 3,129.5
Purchase price under construction 50.2 28.9 284.1 3.3 366.5
Carrying amount at 31 December 2015 95.1 162.6 3,152.7 85.6 3,496.0
Movements:
Acquisitions 5.9 – 1.2 – 7.1
Additions – 35.9 276.6 15.5 328.0
Disposals – - 0.5 - 12.2 - 0.3 - 13.0
Reclassification to assets held for sale/
divestments 3.5 - 38.4 - 16.6 - 1.2 - 0.7 - 56.9

Sustainability
Reclassification – 2.2 - 2.4 0.2 –
Depreciation 3.6 – - 11.8 - 227.2 - 15.5 - 254.5
Impairment 3.7 – – - 5.3 – - 5.3
Exchange differences 4.0 2.1 43.8 1.7 51.6
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 66.6 173.9 3,226.0 86.5 3,553.0

Purchase price of operating assets 48.6 298.4 5,298.9 219.0 5,864.9

Accumulated depreciation and impairment – - 145.7 - 2,302.3 - 137.3 - 2,585.3

Governance, risk
and compliance
Carrying amount in use 48.6 152.7 2,996.6 81.7 3,279.6
Purchase price under construction 18.0 21.2 229.4 4.8 273.4
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 66.6 173.9 3,226.0 86.5 3,553.0
Movements:
Additions – 61.7 245.1 14.9 321.7
Disposals – – - 4.8 - 0.2 - 5.0
Reclassification – 0.5 - 0.8 0.3 –
Depreciation 3.6 – - 12.0 - 231.4 - 17.0 - 260.4
Financial Statements

Impairment 3.7 – – - 2.1 – - 2.1

Exchange differences - 7.0 - 7.4 - 99.8 - 4.9 - 119.1
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 59.6 216.7 3,132.2 79.6 3,488.1

Purchase price of operating assets 43.8 293.9 5,293.9 211.3 5,842.9

Accumulated depreciation and impairment – - 144.6 - 2,412.4 - 136.5 - 2,693.5
Carrying amount in use 43.8 149.3 2,881.5 74.8 3,149.4
Purchase price under construction 15.8 67.4 250.7 4.8 338.7
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 59.6 216.7 3,132.2 79.6 3,488.1
Additional information
161 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The Group leased assets with a total book value of EUR 21.5 million at 31 December 2017

Executive Board report
(2016: EUR 20.0 million), of which substantially all risks and rewards lie within the Group. The related
finance lease obligation for the amount of EUR 22.7 million (2016: EUR 20.6 million) was recognized
under interest-bearing loans (see note 5.5).

For an overview of the investment commitments of the Group in relation to property, plant and equipment
reference is made to note 8.7.

Note 3.4 Joint ventures and associates

Vopak’s interest in the principal joint ventures and associates at year-end 2017 consists of 26 (2016: 28) unlisted

Storing vital products

joint ventures and 6 (2016: 4) unlisted associates. Although the Group conducts a large part of its activities by

with care
means of these joint ventures and associates, none of these entities are currently individually material for the
Group. The nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with its interests in joint ventures and associates is
primarily linked to the region and/or the activities. For the disclosure of the nature, extent and financial effects
of our joint ventures, we make a distinction in the activities of the divisions Europe, Middle East & Africa (mainly
oil storage terminals), LNG (joint ventures with long-term contracts), and Asia (mainly industrial terminals).

No significant judgments were made by the Group with regard to the classification of joint ventures and
associates. All material joint arrangements are currently classified as joint ventures because joint control is

Key developments
established by contract and the Group only has rights to the net assets of these entities. The Group currently

per division
has no material investment in a joint operation. 

The Group has two majority ownerships which qualify as joint ventures: a 60% majority ownership in
LNG Terminal Altamira in Mexico and a 51% majority ownership in Vopak Terminals Korea Ltd. In Mexico, the
Group has 50% of the voting rights and in Korea, the partner owns an exercisable call option right at any time
of 1% of the shares and therefore the substantive voting rights of the Group are limited to 50%.

The Group has a 10% equity interest in Vopak Terminal Eemshaven in the Netherlands which is classified as

Sustainability
an associate as it was concluded that the Group has significant influence. The Group has been appointed as
operator of this terminal. As operator, Vopak has the right to appoint the management board of the terminal.
In addition, as 10% shareholder in the entity, Vopak is entitled to appoint one of the three members of the
Supervisory Board and is able to participate in the decision making process of the entity.

Reference is made to note 8.11 for an overview of the principal joint ventures and associates.

Accounting policies
Joint ventures and associates are accounted for using the equity method, which involves recognition in the

Governance, risk
and compliance
Consolidated statement of income of Vopak’s share of the net result of the joint ventures and associates for
the year. Accounting policies of joint ventures and associates have been changed where necessary to ensure
consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Vopak’s interest in a joint venture or associate is carried
in the statement of financial position at its share in the net assets of the joint venture or associate together
with goodwill paid on acquisition, less any impairment loss. When the share in the losses exceeds the carrying
amount of an equity-accounted company (including any other receivables forming part of the net investment
in the company), the carrying amount is written down to nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued,
unless we have incurred legal or constructive obligations relating to the company in question. 
Financial Statements
Additional information
162 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Group’s share of the total comprehensive income and the carrying amount

Executive Board report
Joint ventures Associates Total
In EUR millions 2017 20161 2017 20161 2017 2016
Vopak's share in net assets 771.5 814.1 244.4 165.8 1,015.9 979.9
Goodwill on acquisition 69.5 81.6 6.3 6.6 75.8 88.2
Carrying amount at 1 January 841.0 895.7 250.7 172.4 1,091.7 1,068.1
Share in profit or loss 2.7 109.2 112.9 2.1 7.1 111.3 120.0
Impairments 2.7, 3.7 - 91.8 - 63.1 – – - 91.8 - 63.1

Storing vital products

Reversal of impairments 2.7, 3.7 – 3.0 – – – 3.0
Net profit 17.4 52.8 2.1 7.1 19.5 59.9

with care
Other comprehensive income 5.2 11.4 - 0.3 – – 11.4 - 0.3
Comprehensive income 28.8 52.5 2.1 7.1 30.9 59.6
Dividends received 2.9 - 94.6 - 112.7 – – - 94.6 - 112.7
Investments 0.1 8.5 7.3 65.8 7.4 74.3
Acquisitions – 42.5 15.9 – 15.9 42.5
Reclassification to assets held for sale 0.7 - 50.0 – – - 0.7 - 50.0
Exchange differences - 55.1 4.5 - 26.8 5.4 - 81.9 9.9

Key developments
Carrying amount at 31 December 719.5 841.0 249.2 250.7 968.7 1,091.7

per division
Vopak's share in net assets 655.1 771.5 243.2 244.4 898.3 1,015.9
Goodwill on acquisition 64.4 69.5 6.0 6.3 70.4 75.8
Carrying amount at 31 December 719.5 841.0 249.2 250.7 968.7 1,091.7
1. Revised due to reclassification of associate PT2SB.

Other comprehensive income is primarily related to the effective portion of changes in the fair value of cash flow
hedges within the joint ventures, which are recognized through the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Sustainability
For more information on the impairments recognized on the investments in joint ventures and associates,
reference is made to note 3.7.

Investments and divestments of joint ventures and associates

2017
Canada - Newly formed associate
In the second quarter of 2017, Vopak entered into an associate and will invest together with its partner Altagas

Governance, risk
and compliance
in the development of the Ridley Island Propane Export Terminal (RIPET). RIPET is expected to be the first
propane export facility off the west coast of Canada. The project is to be designed to ship 1.2 million tons of
propane per annum, with approximately 96,000 cubic meters of storage capacity. The facility is expected to be
commissioned in Q1 2019.

Vopak has a 30 percent interest in RIPET. Vopak’s investment is underpinned by long-term customer contracts
and is fully aligned with Vopak’s long-term strategy where storage and handling of gas have been earmarked as
one of the strategic focus areas. Canada has a structural surplus in gas and natural gas liquids for which Asia is
Financial Statements

an important market to export these energy products.

China - divestment
In the third quarter of 2017, Vopak divested a business development joint venture in China which was
already classified as Held for sale per year-end 2016. The exceptional gain on this divestment amounted
to EUR 1.4 million.

Netherlands - partial divestment

Additional information

On 28 September 2017, Whitehelm Capital and Royal Vopak announced a change in ownership
in Vopak Terminal Eemshaven, a joint venture terminal in the Netherlands between Vopak and
NIBC European Infrastructure Fund I C.V. (NEIF). Whitehelm Capital, one of the world’s most experienced
independent infrastructure investment managers, acquired 90% of the shares in the company from Vopak
and NEIF on behalf of two pension fund investors. Vopak retained 10% of the shares.
163 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
From an accounting perspective the 10% ownership of Vopak in the terminal is classified as an associate.

Executive Board report
The cash proceeds for Vopak amounted to EUR 29.0 million. This partial divestment resulted in a net exceptional
gain of EUR 24.6 million.

2016
United Kingdom - divestment
In the first quarter of 2016, Vopak completed the earlier announced divestment of all of its UK assets, including
Vopak’s 33.3% investment in the joint venture Thames Oilport. The divestment result from this divestment was
limited as the company already impaired its investment in the joint venture to the estimated recoverable value
of approximately nil per year-end 2015.

Storing vital products

with care
Japan - divestment
Vopak divested its 40% ownership in the joint venture Nippon Vopak in the second quarter of 2016.
Nippon Vopak owned and operated five terminals in Japan with a combined operational capacity of
203,200 cbm. The agreed net cash proceeds, based on the debt-free enterprise value of the divested
ownership, amounted to EUR 26.6 million (after capital gains tax). The divestment resulted in a net exceptional
loss of EUR 1.0 million.

Netherlands - divestment

Key developments
Vopak divested its 50% ownership in the joint ventures Cosco Container Lines B.V. and Cross-Ocean C.V. in the

per division
third quarter of 2016. The proceeds and divestment results from these divestments were limited.

China - divestment
In the fourth quarter of 2016, Vopak divested its 50% ownership in the joint venture Vopak Terminal Dongguan.
The proceeds as well as the result from this divestment were limited as the company had already impaired
its investment in the joint venture to the estimated recoverable value of approximately nil at year-end 2015.
The positive divestment result included EUR 1.7 million of realized foreign currency exchange results, previously
recognized in equity via OCI.

Sustainability
United States - investment
In the first quarter of 2016, the establishment of a project development joint venture in the Americas division,
and the subsequent contribution of assets from a Vopak subsidiary to this joint venture, led to an exceptional
gain of EUR 2.1 million.

Summarized information of joint ventures and associates on a 100% basis

The following information reflects the amounts presented in the financial statements of the joint ventures
and associates adjusted for differences in accounting policies between the Group and the joint ventures and

Governance, risk
and compliance
associates and, when applicable, the effects of the purchase price allocation performed by the Group with
regard to the acquisition of the joint venture or associate. Financial Statements
Additional information
164 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Summarized statement of total comprehensive income

Executive Board report
EMEA joint Asia joint LNG joint Other joint Total joint Total
ventures ventures ventures ventures ventures associates
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 20161 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 20161 2017 20161
Revenues 193.1 211.1 349.9 373.3 223.9 217.1 10.0 28.9 776.9 830.4 139.0 103.6
Operating expenses - 87.8 - 81.5 - 100.6 - 116.6 - 42.1 - 39.6 - 5.1 - 12.7 - 235.6 - 250.4 - 57.7 - 23.7
Depreciation, amortiza­
tion and impairment - 157.7 - 157.2 - 151.8 - 78.5 - 45.6 - 45.5 - 1.6 - 5.7 - 356.7 - 286.9 - 38.0 - 22.8
Operating profit (EBIT) - 52.4 - 27.6 97.5 178.2 136.2 132.0 3.3 10.5 184.6 293.1 43.3 57.1

Storing vital products

Net finance costs - 3.5 - 3.6 - 28.6 - 30.3 - 41.1 - 42.1 2.3 - 2.7 - 70.9 - 78.7 - 15.4 - 13.0
Income tax 5.8 12.6 - 37.5 - 35.9 - 26.7 - 28.4 - 0.5 - 1.1 - 58.9 - 52.8 - 9.9 - 12.1

with care
Net profit - 50.1 - 18.6 31.4 112.0 68.4 61.5 5.1 6.7 54.8 161.6 18.0 32.0
Other comprehensive
income 0.4 0.1 - 4.8 - 3.9 21.1 2.4 – 0.5 16.7 - 0.9 13.1 –
Total comprehensive
income - 49.7 - 18.5 26.6 108.1 89.5 63.9 5.1 7.2 71.5 160.7 31.1 32.0

Vopak's share of net profit - 31.8 - 30.1 9.5 47.1 36.5 32.8 3.2 3.0 17.4 52.8 2.1 7.1
Vopak's share of other
comprehensive income 0.1 0.1 - 2.3 - 1.8 10.6 1.2 3.0 0.2 11.4 - 0.3 – –

Key developments
Vopak's share of total

per division
comprehensive income - 31.7 - 30.0 7.2 45.3 47.1 34.0 6.2 3.2 28.8 52.5 2.1 7.1
1. Revised due to reclassification of associate PT2SB.

Summarized statement of financial position at 31 December

EMEA joint Asia joint LNG joint Other joint Total joint Total
ventures ventures ventures ventures ventures associates
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 20161 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 20161 2017 20161
Non-current assets 430.5 610.4 1,340.0 1,548.2 1,076.9 1,162.4 157.8 253.9 3,005.2 3,574.9 1,839.8 1,609.6

Sustainability
Cash and cash
equivalents 34.9 40.1 152.2 170.2 73.4 67.4 5.7 11.2 266.2 288.9 149.9 118.4
Other current assets 23.8 24.1 53.0 59.4 23.8 25.3 2.0 9.4 102.6 118.2 109.7 77.1
Total assets 489.2 674.6 1,545.2 1,777.8 1,174.1 1,255.1 165.5 274.5 3,374.0 3,982.0 2,099.4 1,805.1

Financial non-current
liabilities 44.0 80.4 598.3 693.7 638.3 716.0 5.9 80.0 1,286.5 1,570.1 1,036.6 725.6
Other non-current
liabilities 6.0 18.4 37.3 37.6 205.7 250.4 1.5 18.2 250.5 324.6 48.0 34.1

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial current
liabilities 41.3 48.2 46.0 48.8 67.8 68.6 1.0 5.8 156.1 171.4 57.4 67.4
Other current liabilities 77.4 61.9 78.9 84.1 37.2 25.7 4.5 4.5 198.0 176.2 107.7 125.9
Total liabilities 168.7 208.9 760.5 864.2 949.0 1,060.7 12.9 108.5 1,891.1 2,242.3 1,249.7 953.0

Net assets 320.5 465.7 784.7 913.6 225.1 194.4 152.6 166.0 1,482.9 1,739.7 849.7 852.1

Vopak's share of net

assets 117.4 185.0 369.7 431.1 122.7 106.9 45.3 48.5 655.1 771.5 243.2 244.4
Goodwill on acquisition 5.1 5.8 0.6 0.6 58.7 63.1 – – 64.4 69.5 6.0 6.3
Financial Statements

Vopak's carrying
amount of net assets 122.5 190.8 370.3 431.7 181.4 170.0 45.3 48.5 719.5 841.0 249.2 250.7
1. Revised due to reclassification of associate PT2SB.

On 12 December 2017, PT2SB, a partnership between Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS),

Dialog Group Berhad (Dialog), The state of Johor (SSI) and Royal Vopak announced that it signed a
USD 1.25 billion senior financing agreement with a banking syndicate of 9 international banks. The financing
facilities will be used to finance the PT2SB industrial terminal in Pengerang, State of Johor, Malaysia. This event
Additional information

resulted in the repayment of the shareholder loan to the Vopak Group of EUR 63.2 million.

On 22 February 2016, the associate Jubail Chemicals Storage and Services Company (JCSSC) entered into
a non-recourse project financing. As a consequence, the initial proportionate shareholder loan from Vopak of
approximately EUR 86 million was repaid during the first quarter of 2016.
165 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Contingent assets and liabilities

Executive Board report
For an overview of the contingent liabilities relating to our joint ventures and associates, reference is made to note 8.8.

Note 3.5 Assets held for sale

Accounting policies
Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale when their carrying amount is to be
recovered principally through a sales transaction and a sale is considered highly probable at the end of the
reporting period. They are stated at the lower value of the carrying amount and the fair value less expected
selling costs. When the criteria for the held for sale classification have been met, the non-current assets subject

Storing vital products

to depreciation and amortization are no longer depreciated or amortized. In addition, equity accounting for

with care
joint ventures and associates ceases once classified as held for sale.

Key accounting estimates and judgments

At the end of the reporting period, management has to assess if the value of the assets will be recovered
principally through a divestment transaction rather than through continued use and what the likelihood is that
an asset will be divested within a year. This assessment is based on the facts and circumstances at that date.
These facts and circumstances may change and could result in a situation where assets are divested, which

Key developments
were not classified as held for sale at year-end.

per division
When classifying non-current assets as held for sale, management makes estimates of their fair value
(sales price and expected costs to sell). Depending on the nature of the non-current assets, the estimated
fair value may be associated with uncertainty and possibly adjusted subsequently. Measurement of the fair
value of non-current assets is categorized as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as measurement is not based
on observable market data.

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale

Sustainability
In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Property, plant and equipment – 5.5
Joint ventures – 19.6

Net assets held for sale of disposal groups – 25.1

In 2014, the Group initiated a divestment program of around 15 primarily smaller terminals, with the objective of

Governance, risk
and compliance
further aligning our global network. This program resulted in various divestments in 2016 and 2015. This program
was completed in 2016.

For the divestments realized during 2017 and 2016, reference is made to note 3.1. and note 3.4.

2017
As per year-end 2017 there were no assets and liabilities classified as held for sale.
Financial Statements

2016
The assets held for sale as at year-end 2016, comprise a business development joint venture in China and
fixed asset components in the Netherlands. Both were divested during 2017.

Note 3.6 Depreciation and amortization

Accounting policies
The expected useful life of software is subject to a maximum of seven years. Amortization of other intangible
Additional information

assets and licenses is based on the term of the validity of the contract or term of the validity period and varies
from 5-30 years.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed from the date the asset is available for use, using
the straight-line method over the expected useful life and taking the estimated residual value into account.
166 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The useful life of the main assets is as follows: for buildings 10-40 years, for main components of tank storage

Executive Board report
terminals 10-40 years, for IT hardware 3-5 years, for machinery, equipment and fixtures 3-10 years. Land is not
depreciated. 

The residual value and useful life of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed annually
and adjusted if necessary.

Key accounting estimates and judgments

Property, plant and equipment form a substantial part of the total assets of the company, while periodic

Storing vital products

depreciation charges form a substantial part of the annual operating expenses. The useful life and residual

with care
value determined by the Executive Board based on its estimates and assumptions have a major impact on
the measurement and determination of results of property, plant and equipment. The useful life of property,
plant and equipment is partly estimated based on their useful productive lives, experiences related to such
assets, the maintenance history and the period during which the company has the economic benefits from the
utilization of the assets. Periodic reviews show whether changes have occurred in estimates and assumptions
as a result of which the useful life and/or residual value need to be adjusted. Such an adjustment will be made
prospectively.

Key developments
per division
Depreciation and amortization
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Amortization intangible assets 3.2 12.4 9.4
Depreciation property, plant and equipment 3.3 260.4 254.5
Total 272.8 263.9

Note 3.7 Impairment tests and impairments

Sustainability
Accounting policies
The carrying amount of goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter (unless there is
reason to do so more frequently), while all assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts for those assets may not be recoverable. If it is determined
that assets are impaired, the carrying amounts of those assets are written down to their recoverable amount,
which is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. 

Governance, risk
and compliance
Impairments of a cash-generating unit are allocated to the assets of the cash-generating unit on a proportionate
basis. Impairments of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are presented in the statement of
income under Impairment. Impairments, except those related to goodwill, are reversed as applicable to the
extent that the events or circumstances that triggered the original impairment have changed. 

All financial assets, including joint ventures and associates, are reviewed for impairment. If there is objective
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events after initial recognition, an impairment loss is
recognized in the statement of income. The impairments for joint ventures and associates are presented
Financial Statements

under Result of joint ventures and associates.

Estimates used to measure the recoverable amount

Value in use is determined as the amount of estimated discounted future cash flows. For this purpose, assets are
grouped into cash-generating units based on separately identifiable and largely independent cash flows. The cash flow
projections are based on revenues, operating expenses and sustaining capital expenditures of the approved budget
for the coming year and the two subsequent planning years. Cash flows beyond the previously mentioned period of
three years are extrapolated, using a stable or decreasing growth rate, unless an increasing rate can be substantiated.
Additional information

Given that the cash flows are estimated before taxes, the discount rates used to calculate the present value of the
cash flows are pre-tax rates based on the risk-free rates for 15-year bonds issued by the government in the relevant
market, adjusted for a risk premium and specific risks relating to the countries and risks specific to the assets.
The 15-year bonds period reflects the average remaining useful life of the principal assets. As a company based
in Europe, the Group assumes the long-term market equity risk premium to be 6.0% (2016: 6.0%).
167 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Executive Board report
Key accounting estimates and judgments
Impairment analyses
In performing the impairment test, management makes an assessment of whether the cash-generating unit
(mostly an individual terminal) will be able to generate positive net cash flows that are sufficient to support
the value of the intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and financial assets.

For value in use, the assessment is based on estimates of future expected cash flows (value in use) made
on the basis of the budget for the coming year and two subsequent plan years, which form the basis for
the 15-year period discounted cash flow model. Key assumptions applied are the expected occupancy,

Storing vital products

the estimated storage rate per cbm (for revenues not covered by long-term contracts), sustaining capex

with care
expenditures, expected growth rates and the estimated terminal value after the 15-year period, together
with the applied discount rates.

Fair value less cost of disposal is primarily based either on comparable market-multiples and/or
(indicative non-) binding bids or discounted cash flow models from the perspective of a willing buyer in
an orderly transaction.

Sometimes the fair value less cost of disposal of a terminal is based on (preliminary) offers received from

Key developments
interested parties (level 2 fair value). Although such offers are conditional/preliminary, management always

per division
assesses that these offers are representative of the fair value of the terminals concerned and assesses whether
it is probable that these terminals will be sold in the near future, resulting in a situation where the carrying
amount will be recovered principally through a sale instead of through continued use.

These key assumptions are based on the current facts and circumstances and information available to
management. By nature, these assumptions are subject to developments and change in later periods. This could
potentially lead to (reversal of) impairments of individual terminals going forward.

Sustainability
Vopak Terminal Haiteng (China)
As a result of the incident that occurred in April 2015 at the production facility of the main customer of our
associate Vopak Terminal Haiteng, as disclosed in the Annual Report 2016, the customer has not yet resumed
operations. Based on the current facts and circumstances available, including the estimated long-term demand
for the product manufactured at the facility, the technological state of the facility/terminal and information from
the customer and authorities, management has assessed that it is most likely that the facility will be taken into

Governance, risk
and compliance
operation again. The date on which the facility, on which the terminal is dependent, will be taken into production
again is estimated to be in the second half year of 2018.

In the unlikely event that the production facility will not be taken into operation again, this may result in a
significant impairment on our investment in the associate Vopak Terminal Haiteng, which is an industrial
terminal. The maximum risk exposure amounts to the Group’s equity investment in the company
of EUR 44.1 million per year-end 2017 (2016: EUR 54.8 million). Please note that additional proportionate
shareholder funding may be required going forward in relation to required repair and maintenance. If such
Financial Statements

funding occurs, the maximum risk exposure increases and as such, the risk of impairment could increase.
Furthermore, changes in the facts and circumstances, among others, related to the timing and conditions
of the restart, could potentially lead to one-offs and/or exceptional losses in the coming years within the
aforementioned range of the maximum exposure.  A successful restart could result in additional gains from
this associate, due to the fact that certain revenues, which were not recognized after the incident, could still
be recovered from the associate’s customers.
Additional information
168 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Impairment test results

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Intangible assets 3.2 – 0.4
Property, plant and equipment 3.3 2.1 5.3
Joint ventures and associates 3.4 91.8 63.1
Reversal impairment joint ventures and associates 3.4 – - 3.0
Total 93.9 65.8

Intangible assets - Goodwill

A summary of the carrying amount of goodwill by geographical area, which is equal to the operating segments,

Storing vital products

is presented below. An operating segment is also the level at which goodwill is tested for impairment.

with care
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Europe, Middle East & Africa 1.8 1.8
Asia 22.7 24.2
Americas 15.9 17.0
Carrying amount at 31 December 40.4 43.0

Key developments
The Group has limited goodwill balances as it mostly develops its own greenfield terminals instead of acquiring

per division
new terminals. No impairments of goodwill were recognized in 2017 and 2016.

Assumptions applied
The recoverable value of an operating segment, which includes goodwill, is based on the value in use. In the
impairment tests, the growth factor for years four through fifteen were based on the inflation rate within the
range of 1.8% to 2.8% depending on the operating segment (2016: 1.9% to 2.6%). The pre-tax discount rate
used depends on the (average) risk profile of the cash-generating unit and was 8.7% (2016: 8.7%) for Asia,
11.5% (2016: 11.5%) for Americas and  8.7% (2016: 8.7%) for the other segments. The operating profit included

Sustainability
in the calculations is based on the approved budget for 2017 and the subsequent plan years.

Sensitivity
The value in use calculations indicated more than sufficient headroom, such that a reasonably possible change
in key assumptions would not result in an impairment of the related goodwill.

Other intangible assets

No material impairments were recognized on intangible assets in 2017 and 2016. 

Governance, risk
and compliance
Property, plant and equipment

Cancelled projects
2017
In the first half year of 2017, a minor impairment of EUR 2.1 million, related to a scope change of a business
development project in the Netherlands was recognized.

2016
Financial Statements

The cancellation of a business development project in the EMEA division and a scope change in a construction
project in the Americas division led to a total impairment on Property, plant and equipment of EUR 5.3 million.

Terminals in operation
For a very limited number of terminals in operation, management has assessed based on consistently
applied methodology, that the value in use is lower than the carrying amount. For these individual terminals, the
fair value less cost of disposal has been calculated in order to assess whether this value exceeds the value in use
and the carrying amount of the assets. For terminals or assets which are actively being marketed by the company,
Additional information

the fair value less cost of disposal is based primarily on offers received from interested parties (level 2 fair value).
For the other terminals, the fair value less cost of disposal is primarily based on a combination of the estimated
normalized EBITDA and transaction multiples observable in the Merger & Acquisition (M&A) markets for
169 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
comparable terminals (level 2 fair value) together with discounted cash flow models (level 3 fair value). The value

Executive Board report
in use and fair value less cost of disposal assessments may change over time and when applicable could result in
(partial) reversal of recognized impairments.

The above-mentioned approach did not result in any impairment of the subsidiary terminals in operation for the
years presented.

Joint ventures and associates

2017

Storing vital products

Vopak E.O.S. (Estonia)

with care
In the fourth quarter of 2017, an impairment of the book value of the equity participation in the joint venture was
recognized for the amount of EUR 52.0 million.

The joint venture terminal Vopak E.O.S. (EMEA division) is currently under strategic review. The impairment
is primarily related to a further structural deterioration of the business environment in which the terminal
operates, which is heavily dependent on the flows of Russian oil products. The continued low oil product prices
and premiums together with structural changes in product flows and the preference to use Russian ports for
products flow from Russia, limit demand for terminal services. The overcapacity in the Baltic region has led to a

Key developments
further increase in competition and significant pressure on storage and terminal service rates. It is not expected

per division
that these structural adverse market circumstances will reverse in the coming years.

The recoverable value was based on the value in use, management’s best estimate of the future cash flows of
the terminal, for which the expected performance for the coming year was the basis. In 2016 an impairment
was already recognized for the amount of EUR 55.7 million. The carrying value of Vopak’s investment in the joint
venture after impairment amounted to nil at year-end 2017.

The Group has not provided any financial guarantees in relation to this joint venture and does not have any

Sustainability
legal obligation to support the joint venture with additional funding. As such, the Group is not exposed to
further losses from this joint venture going forward. Although currently not foreseen, the Group may decide to
voluntary provide additional funding to the joint venture at a later moment.

Vopak SDIC Yangpu Terminal (China)

During 2017, an impairment was recognized on the joint venture Vopak SDIC Yangpu Terminal in Hainan
(part of Asia Division) for EUR 39.8 million.

The terminal is currently under strategic review. Since commissioning in the third quarter of 2015, the terminal

Governance, risk
and compliance
experienced mostly healthy occupancy levels. However, due to current uncertainties, market conditions and
dependence on short-term trading contracts, an impairment was recognized.

As part of the strategic review and discussion currently ongoing for this terminal, management is considering
various options, including a divestment of the terminal. In case the future economic performance of the terminal
will improve or a fair value is available that supports a higher recoverable amount, a (partial) reversal of the
impairment will be recognized.
Financial Statements

The impairment was recognized based on the value in use, which includes an assumption of an unchanged
oil market environment and structure, no major changes in the regulatory environment and the assumption that
the terminal will continue to be operated as an independent third party storage terminal. The fair value of the
terminal, taking into account the specific characteristics of the assets and their strategic value for other players
and potential changes in the oil market environment may be higher than the value in use that Vopak as an
independent terminal operator is able to generate from this terminal. Discussions regarding the strategic review
and a potential higher fair value are not sufficiently progressed hence; management based the recoverable value
of the terminal on the value in use.
Additional information

In 2015 already an impairment was recognized on this investment of EUR 15.0 million. The carrying value of
Vopak’s investment in the joint venture after impairment amounted to nil at year-end 2017.
170 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The Group has not provided any financial guarantees in relation to this joint venture and does not have any legal

Executive Board report
obligation to support the joint venture with additional funding. Given that the terminal is under strategic review
and discussions regarding the fair value continue, the Group currently has the intention to positively consider a
future decision to provide additional funding to the joint venture during 2018 for the amount of EUR 6.3 million.
This has resulted in a constructive obligation per year-end 2017 and a corresponding (exceptional) loss in the net
finance expenses. Any additional funding at a future date, may result in additional impairments going forward for
the maximum amount of the provided additional funding.

2016
Besides the 2016 impairment recognized with respect to the joint venture terminal Vopak E.O.S., the following

Storing vital products

impairment and partial reversal of an impairment were recognized in 2016:

with care
Vopak Terminal Tianjin (China)
An impairment of EUR 7.4 million and EUR 3.8 million of exceptional expenses were recognized for one of the
smaller joint venture terminals in China (Asia division) relating to changes in the markets in which this terminal
operates and a revision in the estimate of the decommissioning date of this terminal.

This terminal was decommissioned in the third quarter of 2017.

Key developments
Vopak Terminal Dongguan (China)

per division
The divestment of this entity in 2016 led to a partial reversal of the historical impairment for the amount of
EUR 2.9 million. The Group divested this joint venture on 21 October 2016. As part of this divestment, the
(indirect) financial guarantee of EUR 33.2 million provided in connection with this terminal has been revoked.
For more details on the divestment of this entity and the former (indirect) financial guarantee provided,
reference is made to note 3.4 and note 8.8.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
171 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 4 Working capital

Executive Board report
This section presents details on the working capital items that the Group uses for operating our assets and
providing services to our customers. In line with the nature of the business, the net working capital is only a
relatively small part of the total assets of the Group.

This section comprises notes to understand the developments in working capital:

• 4.1 Changes in working capital
• 4.2 Trade and other receivables and related credit risk
• 4.3 Trade and other payables

Storing vital products

Note 4.1 Changes in working capital

with care
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Movements in other current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents) 2.9 - 22.2 - 1.1
Movements in other current liabilities (excluding bank overdrafts and dividends) 2.9 - 9.3 - 7.2
Total - 31.5 - 8.3

Key developments
Note 4.2 Trade and other receivables and related credit risk

per division
Trade and other receivables are exposed to credit risk which could result in impairment losses. This note
includes general information about trade and other receivables as well as specifications and explanations of the
related risk.

Accounting policies
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for services rendered in the ordinary course of business.
Trade and other receivables are recognized initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, receivables are
measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment.

Sustainability
Impairment losses are recognized when objective evidence indicates that a receivable is uncollectible and
therefore impaired. This is based on an individual review for impairment due to an increase of the credit risk of
the customer, past due amounts and taking into account any retention right on product stored for this customer.

The creation and release of a provision for impaired trade receivables are recognized under
Other operating expenses in the income statement.

Other receivables also include the dividend receivables from joint ventures and associates for which the

Governance, risk
and compliance
decision about dividend distribution was taken before year-end.

Trade and other receivables

In EUR millions 2017 2016
Trade debtors gross 108.0 111.5
Provision for impairment of trade debtors - 1.9 - 3.2
Trade debtors net 106.1 108.3
Financial Statements

Taxes receivable 24.2 28.3

Other receivables 123.4 88.0
Total 253.7 224.6

There was no indication as at the statement of financial position date that these receivables will not be
recovered, other than as already provided for. The Group does not have a significant credit risk exposure on a
single customer. For more information reference is also made to note 2.3.
Additional information
172 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Trade receivables

Executive Board report
Ageing of trade receivables

2017 2016
In EUR millions Gross Provision Net Gross Provision Net
Not past due 70.9 – 70.9 79.0 - 0.1 78.9
Past due up to 3 months 31.8 – 31.8 25.5 – 25.5
Past due 3 to 6 months 1.2 – 1.2 3.7 – 3.7

Storing vital products

Past due more than 6 months 4.1 - 1.9 2.2 3.3 - 3.1 0.2
Total 108.0 - 1.9 106.1 111.5 - 3.2 108.3

with care
Provision for bad debt

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Balance at 1 January - 3.2 - 2.9
Impairments - 0.2 - 1.2
Reversal of impairments 0.2 0.9

Key developments
Receivables written off during the year as uncollectible 1.1 –

per division
Exchange differences 0.2 –
Balance at 31 December - 1.9 - 3.2

Exposure to bad debts is mostly related to rendering services to international manufacturers and traders.
The value of the products stored for these customers usually exceeds the value of the receivables and Vopak
generally has the right of retention.

Sustainability
Historically, amounts written off as uncollectible have been, aligned with the nature of the business model, very
low, which is also the case for the years presented.

Other receivables
The total dividend receivable from joint ventures and associates amounted to EUR 12.7 million at the end of
2017 (2016: EUR 1.5 million). There are also no amounts overdue nor impaired for the other items included in the
Other receivables.

Note 4.3 Trade and other payables

Governance, risk
Accounting policies and compliance

Trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the group prior to the end of
the financial year which are unpaid. They are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within
12 months after the reporting period.

Trade and other payables are initially recognized at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the effective interest method.
Financial Statements

Trade and other payables

In EUR millions 2017 2016
Trade payables 46.1 43.6
Accrued expenses 105.1 108.4
Deferred revenues 28.0 38.5
Accrued interest expenses 4.8 6.0
Additional information

Wage tax and social security charges 6.9 7.1

Other creditors 96.4 98.5
Total 287.3 302.1
173 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 5 Capital structure

Executive Board report
Vopak is a capital-intensive company. Vopak’s funding strategy is focused on ensuring continuous access to
capital markets so that funding capital is available at a time of the company’s choice and at an acceptable cost.
The notes in this section provide insight into the capital structure, financing items, available credit facilities and
the financial risk management of the company.

In this section, the following notes are presented:

Equity:

Storing vital products

• 5.1   Issued capital, share premium, treasury shares and capital management

with care
• 5.2   Other reserves
• 5.3   Retained earnings
• 5.4   Non-controlling interests

Borrowings:
• 5.5   Interest-bearing loans and net debt
• 5.6   Liquidity risk
• 5.7   Currency risk

Key developments
• 5.8   Interest rate risk

per division
• 5.9   Derivative financial instruments
• 5.10 Net finance costs

EQUITY

Note 5.1 Issued capital, share premium, treasury shares and capital
management

Accounting policies

Sustainability
Treasury shares that are reacquired are recognized at cost and deducted from equity until the shares are
cancelled or reissued. At cancellation treasury shares are deducted from the share capital at their nominal value
of EUR 0.50 per share. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received when
treasury shares are reissued, is recognized directly in equity.

Share capital
The company´s authorized share capital amounted to EUR 190,800,000 as at 31 December 2017 divided into
140,000,000 ordinary shares, 190,800,000 protective preference shares and 50,800,000 cumulative finance

Governance, risk
and compliance
preference shares, all with a nominal value of EUR 0.50 each.

The issued share capital at 31 December 2017 consisted of 127,835,430 ordinary shares, of which
190,000 shares are held in the treasury stock in connection with existing commitments under the long-term
incentive plans. No cumulative finance preference shares were issued at year-end 2017.

Numbers Amounts in EUR millions

Issued Financing
Financial Statements

ordinary preference Treasury Issued Share Treasury

shares shares Total shares shares capital premium shares
Balance at 31 December 2015 127,835,430 – 127,835,430 - 290,000 63.9 194.4 - 9.4
Purchase treasury shares – – – - 80,000 – – - 3.8
Balance at 31 December 2016 127,835,430 – 127,835,430 - 370,000 63.9 194.4 - 13.2
Purchase treasury shares – – – - 40,000 – – - 1.6
Sale treasury shares – – – 101,599 – – 3.2
Vested shares under equity-settled
share-based payment arrangements – – – 118,401 – – 3.6
Additional information

Balance at 31 December 2017 127,835,430 – 127,835,430 - 190,000 63.9 194.4 - 8.0

174 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Capital management

Executive Board report
Vopak is a capital-intensive company. The financing policy is directed at establishing and maintaining an optimal
financing structure that takes due account of the current asset base and the current and future investment
programs. Vopak seeks access to capital markets and flexibility at acceptable finance costs.

A solid capital structure supports Vopak’s objective to create long-term shareholder value while meeting the
agreed debt covenants (see note 5.5) and other requirements with its other capital providers. Vopak aims to
maintain a healthy financial position through capital-disciplined investment decisions, effective working capital
management, long-term funding and a balanced dividend policy and is continuously reviewing its capital
structure options, including but not limited to equity(-linked) or other (debt) capital instruments, to effectively

Storing vital products

finance the future growth that Vopak aims for. The Group works actively to maintain and further develop the

with care
already established diversified funding base, with regard to the number of markets and the number of investors.

Note 5.2 Other reserves

Revaluation Revaluation
Translation reserve reserve Other Total other
In EUR millions reserve derivatives assets reserves reserves
Balance at 31 December 2015 - 3.5 - 130.2 4.7 1.3 - 127.7

Key developments
Exchange differences on net investments 36.6 – – – 36.6

per division
Effective part of hedges of net investments - 18.2 – – – - 18.2
Tax effect on exchange differences and hedges - 0.6 – – – - 0.6
Use of exchange differences on net investments
(to statement of income) 0.7 – – – 0.7
Use of effective part of hedges of net investments
(to statement of income) 1.9 – – – 1.9
Tax on release exchange differences and hedges - 2.1 – – – - 2.1
Movements in effective part of cash flow hedges – - 1.0 – – - 1.0
Tax effect on movements in cash flow hedges – 0.2 – – 0.2

Sustainability
Use of effective part of cash flow hedges
(to statement of income) – - 7.4 – – - 7.4
Tax effect on use of cash flow hedges – 1.9 – – 1.9
Movements in effective part of cash flow hedges
joint ventures – - 1.1 – – - 1.1
Release on revaluation of assets – – - 5.9 – - 5.9
Tax effect on release on revaluation of assets – – 1.2 – 1.2
Balance at 31 December 2016 14.8 - 137.6 – 1.3 - 121.5
Exchange differences on net investments - 151.4 – – – - 151.4

Governance, risk
and compliance
Effective part of hedges of net investments 73.2 – – – 73.2
Tax effect on exchange differences and hedges - 6.0 – – – - 6.0
Use of exchange differences on net investments
(to statement of income) - 1.5 – – – - 1.5
Movements in effective part of cash flow hedges – 6.1 – – 6.1
Tax effect on movements in cash flow hedges – - 1.9 – – - 1.9
Use of effective part of cash flow hedges
(to statement of income) – - 1.5 – – - 1.5
Tax effect on use of cash flow hedges – 1.0 – – 1.0
Financial Statements

Movements in effective part of cash flow hedges

joint ventures – 14.2 – – 14.2
Balance at 31 December 2017 - 70.9 - 119.7 – 1.3 - 189.3

The translation reserve includes all exchange differences resulting from the translation of the financial
statements of foreign entities. It also includes the exchange differences on liabilities and the effective currency
component of fair value changes of derivative financial instruments (net of tax), to the extent that they hedge
the net investments of the Group in foreign entities and hedge accounting is applied.
Additional information
175 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The revaluation reserve derivatives contains the effective part of the accumulated change in the fair value of the

Executive Board report
cash flow hedges, net of tax, in respect of which the hedged future transaction has not yet taken place.

In EUR millions 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 > 2022 Total
Use of revaluation
reserve derivatives 28.3 - 21.9 - 26.3 8.8 10.2 120.6 119.7

Note 5.3 Retained earnings

Storing vital products

In EUR millions 2017 2016

with care
Balance at 1 January 2,276.1 1,888.2
Dividend paid in cash - 133.9 - 127.5
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans 45.4 - 26.2
Measurement of equity-settled share-based payment arrangements - 0.4 2.9
Vested shares under equity-settled share-based payment arrangements - 3.6 –
Release of revaluation reserve – 4.7
Net profit attributable to owners of parent 235.4 534.0
Balance at 31 December 2,419.0 2,276.1

Key developments
per division
Of the reserves, EUR 1,889.4 million (2016: EUR 1,860.3 million) can be distributed freely (see note 4 of the
Company Financial Statements). The actual dividend paid in cash per ordinary share in 2017 was EUR 1.05
(2016: EUR 1.00).

For the proposed dividend per share, reference is made to the paragraph Profit Appropriation.

Note 5.4 Non-controlling interests

Sustainability
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Balance at 1 January 159.3 151.0
Net profit 39.8 45.6
Dividend paid in cash - 38.9 - 41.3
Capital injection 4.1 2.3
Exchange differences - 8.4 1.7
Balance at 31 December 155.9 159.3

Governance, risk
The Group has one subsidiary with a material non-controlling interest (NCI). The aggregated information of NCI and compliance

and the information of the material subsidiary is shown in the table below.

Profit allocated Dividends paid

to NCI to NCI Accumulated NCI
NCI % (in EUR millions) (in EUR millions) (in EUR millions)
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Financial Statements

Total 39.8 45.6 38.9 41.3 155.9 159.3

of which Vopak Terminals
Singapore Pte. Ltd. 30.5% 30.5% 38.1 40.1 34.3 37.1 115.0 92.7
Additional information
176 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The summarized financial information (at 100%) regarding Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. is as follows:

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Total non-current assets 541.4 522.7
Cash and cash equivalents 22.4 21.4
Other current assets 49.1 35.2
Total assets 612.9 579.3

Current liabilities 62.4 51.8

Total non-current liabilities 198.7 223.6

Storing vital products

Total liabilities 261.1 275.4

with care
Total net assets 351.8 303.9

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Revenues 264.2 271.0
Net profit 123.1 131.4
Other comprehensive income - 21.0 4.4
Total comprehensive income 102.1 135.8

Key developments
Operating cash flow 162.7 164.8

per division
Increase/decrease (-) in cash and cash equivalents 1.0 - 8.5

BORROWINGS

Note 5.5 Interest-bearing loans and net debt

Accounting policies

Sustainability
Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are recognized initially at fair value net of directly attributable transaction
costs. After initial recognition, these items are subsequently measured at amortized cost, applying the effective
interest method unless the interest rate has been converted in a hedge relation from fixed into floating by
means of a fair value hedge. In that case, the carrying amount is adjusted for the fair value changes caused by
the hedged risk.

Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent
that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the
drawdown occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be

Governance, risk
and compliance
drawn down, the fee is capitalized as pre-payment for liquidity services and amortized over the period of the
facility to which it relates.

Net debt reconciliation

Cash and cash Short-term Interest-bearing Net interest-
In EUR millions equivalents borrowings loans bearing debt
Carrying amount at 31 December 2015 67.3 - 56.0 - 2,306.9 - 2,295.6
Financial Statements

Cash flows 228.8 55.7 266.2 550.7

Other non-cash movements – – - 1.3 - 1.3
Exchange differences 1.7 – - 59.7 - 58.0
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 297.8 - 0.3 - 2,101.7 - 1,804.2
Cash flows - 190.5 - 79.7 328.1 57.9
Other non-cash movements – – - 1.7 - 1.7
Exchange differences - 4.4 – 218.5 214.1
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 102.9 - 80.0 - 1,556.8 - 1,533.9
Additional information

Current assets 130.0 – – 130.0

Non-current liabilities – – - 1,551.4 - 1,551.4
Current liabilities - 27.1 - 80.0 - 5.4 - 112.5
Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 102.9 - 80.0 - 1,556.8 - 1,533.9
177 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
In December 2017, the Group voluntarily prepaid the remaining USD 200 million (EUR 169.8 million) on the

Executive Board report
USPP 2007 loans (contractual maturity dates in 2019 and 2022), including a make-whole amount of EUR 17.2 million.
The early repayment eliminated the most restrictive covenants of the  corporate financing programs, positively
impacting future financing expenses and further optimizing Vopak’s long-term financial flexibility.

In 2016, the Group already early repaid USD 30 million (EUR 27.3 million) as part of the USPP 2012 loan
at par and prepaid SGD 225 million (EUR 146.8 million) on the 2010 Asian PP loan. The latter resulted in
a make-whole payment of EUR 4.4 million.

Financial ratios reconciliation

Storing vital products

To provide insight into how financial ratios for debt covenant purposes are calculated and on how these

with care
reconcile to the IFRS figures, a financial ratios reconciliation is provided in the table below:

In EUR millions Note 2017 2016

EBITDA 695.3 1,023.2
-/- Result joint ventures and associates 111.3 123.8
Gross dividend received from joint ventures and associates 90.5 119.8
-/- Exceptional items - 67.9 200.9
-/- Divestments full year adjustment – 9.1

Key developments
EBITDA for ratio calculation 742.4 809.2

per division
Net interest-bearing debt - 1,533.9 - 1,804.2
Derivative financial instruments (currency) 25.9 158.2
Credit replacement guarantees 8.8, 8.9 - 91.6 - 100.4
Cash equivalent investments 8.8 –
-/- Subordinated loans - 87.8 - 96.4
Senior net debt for ratio calculation - 1,503.0 - 1,650.0

Financial ratios

Sustainability
Senior net debt : EBITDA 2.02 2.04
Interest cover 1 6.4 7.6

1. Interest cover is the ratio of the EBITDA and the net finance costs.

With a Senior net debt : EBITDA ratio of 2.02 (2016: 2.04) and an interest cover ratio of 6.4 (2016: 7.6),
Vopak comfortably met the applicable financial ratios as at 31 December 2017. 

Average remaining maturities and main covenant ratios

Governance, risk
and compliance
At year-end 2017, the interest-bearing loans mainly consist of unsecured Private Placements (PPs) in the US and
Asian market as well as a bank loan and a credit facility of Vopak Terminal Singapore Pte Ltd. (VTS). The USPPs
consist of various financing programs entered into in 2009 and 2012. For further details on currency and interest
rate risks, reference is made to notes 5.7 and 5.8 and 8.9.
Financial Statements
Additional information
178 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Interest-bearing loans

Executive Board report
VTS Bank
In EUR millions USPPs Asian PPs bank loan RCFs Other loans Total
Non-current 1,669.8 162.7 65.8 17.0 23.4 – 1,938.7
Current 162.7 – – – 0.3 0.3 163.3
Carrying amount at 31 December 2016 1,832.5 162.7 65.8 17.0 23.7 0.3 2,102.0
Average remaining terms (in years) 6.3 24.0 3.7 3.7 38.7 7.9

Non-current 1,315.7 148.3 62.6 6.3 18.5 – 1,551.4

Current – – – – 5.4 80.0 85.4

Storing vital products

Carrying amount at 31 December 2017 1,315.7 148.3 62.6 6.3 23.9 80.0 1,636.8
Average remaining terms (in years) 6.2 23.0 2.7 2.7 34.1 7.7

with care
Required ratios
Senior net debt : EBITDA (maximum) 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75
Interest cover (minimum) 1 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50

1. Interest cover is the ratio of the EBITDA and the net finance costs.

The fair value of the interest-bearing loans is disclosed in note 8.9.

Key developments
per division
Cash and cash equivalents

In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16

Cash and bank 86.0 93.0
Short-term deposits 44.0 213.0
Total 130.0 306.0

Sustainability
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and short-term deposits, which are immediately redeemable,
net of specific outstanding bank overdrafts when they are considered an integral part of the Group’s cash
management. The effective interest rate on short-term deposits at year-end 2017 was 0.58% (2016: 0.77%);
these deposits have an average term of 76 days (2016: 31 days) and are subject to limited value changes.

The reconciliation with the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and the net debt reconciliation is as follows:

In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16

Cash and cash equivalents 130.0 306.0

Governance, risk
and compliance
Bank overdrafts - 27.1 - 8.2
Total 102.9 297.8

The cash and cash equivalents were at the free disposal of the Group for the years presented.

Note 5.6 Liquidity risk

The primary objective of liquidity management is providing sufficient cash and cash equivalents at all times to
Financial Statements

enable Vopak to meet its payment obligations.

Cash management
The liquidity requirements are monitored continuously and funding is planned in such a way as to avoid excessive
short-term financing needs. The long-term liquidity risk is assessed prior to every major investment obligation and
the current financing policy is reviewed on the basis of this assessment and adjusted where necessary. Active cash
management is a daily responsibility and the liquidity requirements are identified each quarter based on thorough
scenario planning. Surplus cash is invested in interest-bearing current accounts and deposit accounts.
Additional information
179 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Vopak’s Global Treasury function acts as an in-house bank that allocates funds, which are raised centrally,

Executive Board report
internally within the Group. Surplus cash held by the operating entities over and above balances required for
working capital management is transferred to Global Treasury and operating companies are normally funded
by a combination of equity and inter-company loans. Exceptions to this are the bank loan of EUR 62.6 million
(SGD 100 million), drawdowns under the revolving credit facilities of EUR 6.3 million (SGD 10 million) of
Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. and the bank loan of EUR 6.4 million (INR 493 million) of our terminal
in India which have been raised locally.

Joint ventures and associates, where possible, are normally funded optimally with external debt on a ­
non-recourse basis for Vopak, taking into account local circumstances and contractual obligations, Reference

Storing vital products

is made to note 8.8 for more information with regards to commitments and guarantees provided to

with care
joint ventures and associates.

Available credit facilities

At year-end 2017, the company had two revolving credit facilities (RCFs) which provide flexibility to finance
Vopak´s long-term growth strategy.

31 December 2017 31 December 2016

Total Total

Key developments
In EUR millions Maturity facility 1 Used Unused facility 1 Used Unused

per division
Royal Vopak - Revolving credit facility < 5 years 1,000.0 – 1,000.0 1,000.0 – 1,000.0
VTS - Revolving credit facility < 4 years 62.6 6.3 56.3 65.8 19.7 46.1
Total committed facilities 1,062.6 6.3 1,056.3 1,065.8 19.7 1,046.1

Royal Vopak - Bank loan facility < 1 year 230.0 80.0 150.0 180.0 – 180.0
Total uncommitted facilities 230.0 80.0 150.0 180.0 – 180.0

Total facilities 1,292.6 86.3 1,206.3 1,245.8 19.7 1,226.1

1. At nominal value.

Sustainability
On 1 June 2016, Vopak renewed the EUR 1 billion senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (RCF).
This facility replaced the previous RCF of EUR 1 billion, which was in place since February 2011. The RCF had an
initial maturity of five years with two extension options of one year each. In 2017 the first option to extend with
one year has been exercised. This facility was unutilized at year-end 2017.

At 31 December 2017, the Group also had unused lines of credit of EUR 150.0 million (2016: EUR 180 million)
that are available to meet short-term liquidity needs. There are no significant restrictions on the use of these
facilities.

Governance, risk
Maturity analysis and compliance

The graph below provides an overview of the repayment profile of the interest-bearing loans of the Group based
on the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Repayment Schedule Long-Term Debt

300

250
Financial Statements

200

150

100

50

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2040
Additional information
180 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The table below analyzes the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities and net-settled derivative financial

Executive Board report
liabilities into relevant maturity categories based on the remaining period at the end of the reporting period to
the contractual maturity date. Derivative financial instruments are included in the analysis if their contractual
maturities are essential for an understanding of the timing of the cash flows. The table also analyzes the
maturity profile of financial assets in order to provide a complete overview of the contractual commitments
and liquidity. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. The financial
guarantees and securities (see note 8.8) are included for their full amount and it is assumed for disclosure
purposes that these can be called within one year.

< 1 year 1-2 years 2-5 years > 5 years

Storing vital products

In EUR millions - at 31 December 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

with care
Cash and cash equivalents 130.0 306.0 – – – – – –
Trade and other receivables 253.7 224.6 – – – – – –
Loans to joint ventures and associates – – – – – – 2.0 2.0
Other loans 8.8 – – – – – 17.8 12.5
Finance lease receivable 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 21.9 22.5 66.8 76.5
Total undiscounted financial assets
(excluding gross settled derivatives) 397.5 535.8 5.1 5.3 21.9 22.5 86.6 91.0

Key developments
Bank overdrafts 27.1 8.2 – – – – – –

per division
Redemption of interest-bearing loans 5.4 163.0 86.9 1.6 364.3 608.1 1,100.2 1,329.0
Short-term borrowings 80.0 0.3 – – – – – –
Interest payments 66.9 93.1 66.7 86.8 153.4 219.1 142.0 259.8
Interest rate swaps 0.4 - 5.6 0.7 - 3.3 8.7 - 3.3 76.6 76.9
Trade and other creditors (excluding
non-financial instruments) 149.4 149.2 – – – – – –
Total undiscounted financial liabilities
(excluding gross settled derivatives) 329.2 408.2 154.3 85.1 526.4 823.9 1,318.8 1,665.7

Derivative financial instruments outflow – - 156.1 - 221.4 – - 163.7 - 385.0 - 346.3 - 355.4

Sustainability
Derivative financial instruments inflow – 190.3 239.0 – 180.7 477.0 337.6 387.4
Total undiscounted gross settled derivatives – 34.2 17.6 – 17.0 92.0 - 8.7 32.0

Financial guarantees and securities issued 206.9 126.5 – – – – – –

Total financial guarantees and securities 206.9 126.5 – – – – – –
Liquidity movements - 138.6 35.3 - 131.6 - 79.8 - 487.5 - 709.4 - 1,240.9 - 1,542.7

Change of control clauses

Governance, risk
and compliance
Certain lenders have the right to demand complete repayment of the outstanding amounts in case any person
or any group of persons acting together, except for the shareholders with a shareholding of more than 5% as at
the end of 2010, acquires control of more than 50% of the voting rights of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. 

Note 5.7 Currency risk

The Group is exposed to foreign currency exchange risks. These arise mainly from the US dollar (USD) and
Singapore dollar (SGD). Foreign currency exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognized
assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations.
Financial Statements

The table below provides an overview of the items of the interest-bearing loans which are denominated in a
foreign currency.
Additional information
181 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Local currency Euro

Executive Board report
In millions 2017 2016 2017 2016
Euro (EUR) 72.8 90.7 72.8 90.7
US dollar (USD) 1,444.7 1,794.7 1,204.3 1,700.9
Pound sterling (GBP) 35.0 35.0 39.4 41.1
Canadian dollar (CAD) 25.0 25.0 16.7 17.7
Singapore dollar (SGD) 110.0 130.0 68.9 85.6
Japanese yen (JPY) 20,000.0 20,000.0 148.3 162.7
India Rupee (INR) 493.4 215.8 6.4 3.0

Storing vital products

Total 1,556.8 2,101.7

with care
The primary objective of the currency risk policy is to protect the value of Vopak’s cash flows. Account is
taken of future cash flows from investments and disposals as well as cash flows from operating and financing
activities. Each quarter, currency risks are identified and the hedging strategy is reviewed and subsequently
presented to the Executive Board for approval. The main derivative financial instruments used by the Group to
hedge currency risks are forward exchange contracts and cross-currency interest rate swaps (CCIRSs).

The risks associated with commercial transaction positions arising from operating activities are limited for

Key developments
Vopak, since operating income and operating expenses are, as a rule, largely denominated in the same currency.

per division
However, in some countries (in particular, in Latin America), a substantial portion of the income flow is in
US dollars whereas the operating expenses are denominated in local currencies. In these countries, the aim is
to hedge the transaction risk naturally. Any material net transaction position can be hedged in full by means of
forward exchange contracts.

The main foreign currency risk results from investments in foreign operations of which the net assets are
exposed to foreign currency translation risk. The Group result is also impacted by translating the result of foreign
currency operations, which is described in note 2.8.

Sustainability
Translation risk arising from the investments in foreign operations
Net investments in foreign activities are, in principle, hedged by loans in the same currency and forward
exchange contracts, while applying net investment hedge accounting. The amount of the hedge is determined
mainly by the expected net financing position : EBITDA ratio of subsidiaries for the next three years and interest
differential.

Due to the Private Placements in foreign currency, the Group is exposed to currency risk. It is the Group’s policy
to hedge this exposure to leave the Group with no material risks by making use of foreign currency contracts,

Governance, risk
and compliance
cross-currency swaps and natural hedges (net investment hedges).

Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation, including a hedge of a monetary item that is accounted for
as part of the net investment, are accounted for in a way similar to cash flow hedges. Gains or losses on the
hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge are recognized in the translation reserve
(equity component) via OCI to the extent that they relate to the hedging of net investments in foreign activities.
Reversal through the statement of income takes place proportionately if all or part of the underlying position is
sold. Both the ineffective part and the interest component are recognized directly in the statement of income.
Financial Statements

All currency hedges for 2017 and 2016 were highly effective (between 80% and 125%). 
Additional information
182 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The market value of the currency part of derivative financial instruments at 31 December 2017 and

Executive Board report
31 December 2016 in order of maturity date is shown below:

31 December 2017 31 December 2016

Notional Notional
In EUR millions Maturity Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount
Forward foreign currency contracts 2 < 1 year 0.6 0.8 340.3 0.3 2.4 395.3
Total net investment hedges 0.6 0.8 340.3 0.3 2.4 395.3

Forward foreign currency contracts < 1 year 2.1 14.7 435.0 1.7 8.6 454.0

Storing vital products

Cross currency swaps 3 < 1 year – – – 34.3 – 156.1
Cross currency swaps 3 1-5 years 34.6 – 385.0 92.1 – 385.0

with care
Cross currency swaps 3 > 5 years 16.7 25.4 346.3 47.7 15.7 355.4
Total cash flow hedges 53.4 40.1 1,166.3 175.8 24.3 1,350.5

Total derivative financial instruments 54.0 40.9 1,506.6 176.1 26.7 1,745.8
1. At fair value.
2. Foreign currency forwards accounted for as hedges on net investments.
3. Cross currency swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges are used to hedge currency (2017: USD 771 million and JPY 15 billion;
2016: USD 971 million and JPY 16 billion) on fixed debt denominated in foreign currency.

Key developments
per division
Reference is made to note 5.9 for a reconciliation between the amounts presented in the table above and the
amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Sensitivity of exchange rate changes of financial instruments on net profit and equity
The value of debt and hedging instruments denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the
entities holding them are subject to exchange rate movements. The sensitivity analysis for the main currencies
and their positions at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 shows how changes in exchange rates by
10% affect net profit and equity, while taking into account the effect of the use of derivatives and the hedge

Sustainability
accounting applied.  
Depreciation 1 Appreciation 1
In EUR millions Net profit Equity Net profit Equity

31 December 2016
USD - 1.5 - 20.9 1.9 25.6
SGD 0.1 - 4.6 - 0.2 5.7
CNY - 0.2 - 32.2 0.3 39.3
BRL – - 7.1 – 8.7

Governance, risk
and compliance
JPY – - 6.8 – 8.3
Total effect - 1.6 - 71.6 2.0 87.6

31 December 2017
USD - 0.7 - 22.4 0.8 27.4
SGD – - 5.2 – 6.4
CNY - 0.4 - 29.0 0.5 35.4
BRL - 0.1 - 7.4 0.1 9.0
Financial Statements

JPY – - 5.2 – 6.4

Total effect - 1.2 - 69.2 1.4 84.6
1. Foreign currency against the euro.

Note 5.8 Interest rate risk

Vopak’s policy on interest rate risks aims to control the net finance costs resulting from fluctuations in market
interest rates, taking into account the long-term profile of the company. Fixed-rate debt results in fair value
Additional information

interest rate risk. Floating-rate debt results in cash flow interest rate risk. The specification of the total ­
interest-bearing loans is disclosed in note 5.5. It is Vopak’s long-term policy to manage its interest exposure to
a level of fixed/floating within the bandwidth of the interest coverage ratio, which aims to optimize net finance
expenses and reduce volatility on the net result.
183 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Interest rate swaps are used aiming at minimizing the interest rate risks associated with the financing of the

Executive Board report
Group and at the same time optimizing the net interest costs. Interest rate risks are identified and possible
hedges considered when obtaining or providing new financing.

As at 31 December 2017, taking into account the interest rate swaps, 94% (2016: 99%) of the total
interest-bearing loans and bank loans of EUR 1,636.8 million (2016: EUR 2,101.7  million) was financed
at a fixed interest rate with remaining terms of up to twenty-five years. 

The CCIRSs as described earlier under currency risks and risk management, are also part of the
interest rate risk policy. The objective of these hedges is to restrict fluctuations in interest expenses

Storing vital products

due to changes in the currency exchange rates and interest rates. The fair value changes relating to the

with care
fixed interest flows are recognized in equity via OCI under the revaluation reserve derivatives by means of
hedge accounting (cash flow hedges). A loss of EUR 119.7 million, net of tax had been recognized in equity
via OCI up to 31 December 2017 (2016: EUR 137.6 million) (see note 5.2).

All interest rate swaps were highly effective hedging instruments in 2017 and 2016 (between 80% and 125%).

The average fixed interest and the average floating interest on the interest-bearing loans and bank loans
at 31 December 2017 were respectively 4.4% (2016: 4.3%) and 0.8% (2016: 2.4%). The following statement

Key developments
provides insight into the interest repricing calendar for the interest-bearing loans and bank loans at the

per division
statement of the financial position, while taking into account the effects of the derivatives and the hedge
accounting applied.

31 December 2017 31 December 2016

In EUR millions Floating Fixed Total Floating Fixed Total
< 1 year - 85.4 – - 85.4 – - 163.0 - 163.0
1-2 years – - 86.9 - 86.9 - 1.6 – - 1.6
2-3 years - 6.3 - 232.9 - 239.2 – - 190.3 - 190.3

Sustainability
3-4 years – - 125.1 - 125.1 - 19.8 - 256.1 - 275.9
4-5 years – – – – - 141.9 - 141.9
> 5 years – - 1,100.2 - 1,100.2 – - 1,329.0 - 1,329.0
Total 1 - 91.7 - 1,545.1 - 1,636.8 - 21.4 - 2,080.3 - 2,101.7
1. Of which currency component derivatives amounts to EUR 26.0 million (2016: EUR 158.2 million).

The market value of the interest rate part of the derivative financial instruments, including credit risk, and in
order of maturity date are shown below.

Governance, risk
and compliance
31 December 2017 31 December 2016
Notional Notional
In EUR millions Maturity Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount
Cross currency interest rate swaps 2 < 1 year – – – – 0.4 156.1
Cross currency interest rate swaps 2 1-5 years – 18.3 385.0 – 18.5 385.0
Cross currency interest rate swaps 2 > 5 years – 75.1 346.3 – 82.6 355.4
Total cash flow hedges – 93.4 731.3 – 101.5 896.5
Financial Statements

Total derivative financial

instruments – 93.4 731.3 – 101.5 896.5
1. At fair value.
2. Cross currency swaps accounted are used to hedge future cash flow interest rate risks (2017: USD 771 million and JPY 15 billion;
2016: USD 971 million and JPY 16 billion) on fixed debt denominated in foreign currency.

Reference is made to note 5.9 for a reconciliation between the amounts presented in the table above and the
amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Additional information
184 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Sensitivity to changes in market interest rates

Executive Board report
The sensitivity analysis shows how changes in market interest rates affect net profit and equity, while taking
into account the effects of the derivatives and the hedge accounting applied and assuming that all other
variables remain constant. Due to the volatility of the market interest rates, Vopak has used a fixed percentage
of 25% as a reasonable change at year-end 2017 and year-end 2016.

Increase 25% Decrease 25%

In EUR millions Closing level 3-month Net profit Equity 1
Net profit Equity 1

Storing vital products

31 December 2016

with care
EUR -0.35% - 0.2 17.4 0.2 - 16.5
USD 0.67% 0.3 - 13.0 - 0.3 13.3
SGD 0.94% 0.3 2.9 - 0.1 - 3.0
JPY -0.04% – - 3.9 – 4.0
Total effect 0.4 3.4 - 0.2 - 2.2

31 December 2017
EUR -0.35% - 0.1 18.0 0.1 - 14.7

Key developments
USD 1.43% – - 8.8 – 10.9

per division
SGD 1.15% 0.5 1.8 - 0.5 - 1.8
JPY -0.05% – - 3.9 – 4.2
Total effect 0.4 7.1 - 0.4 - 1.4
1. Revaluation reserve derivatives through Other comprehensive income.

Note 5.9 Derivative financial instruments

In order to control the risks attached to fluctuations in foreign currencies and interest rates, Vopak uses

Sustainability
derivative financial instruments in accordance with a financial policy approved by the Executive Board. This
financial policy is designed to control the effects of such risks on cash flows, equity and results. Speculative
positions are not allowed.

The main derivative financial instruments used by the Group are forward exchange contracts, interest rate
swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps.

Accounting policies
Derivative financial instruments are recognized in the statement of financial position on the transaction date

Governance, risk
and compliance
and measured at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in the statement of income unless hedge
accounting is applied. With respect to hedge accounting, Vopak makes a distinction between fair value hedges,
cash flow hedges and hedges of net investments in foreign operations. 

The Group only applies fair value hedge accounting for hedging fixed interest risk on loans drawn. If a fair value
hedge is used, the hedging instrument is carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognized in
the statement of income. The hedged position is recognized at fair value to the extent that the movements in
the fair value are caused by the hedged risk. These movements in value are likewise recognized directly in the
Financial Statements

statement of income. 

A cash flow hedge is applicable for those derivatives qualifying and designated as a hedge of the change
in cash flows to be received or paid relating to a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecasted
transaction. The effective parts of changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recognized in
other comprehensive income. 

The gain or loss as a result of ineffectiveness and the interest component that is a result of the time value of
Additional information

money in the valuation of the derivative financial instrument are recognized directly in the statement of income.
This also applies to the credit risks on derivatives, unless the cumulative change in the fair value of the hedging
instrument is lower than the hedged item. 
185 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss at the same date as the hedged transaction

Executive Board report
affects profit or loss or if the hedged transaction is no longer probable. The effects are shown under Finance
costs. If the established agreement or the foreseeable transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of
a non-financial asset, the accumulated gains or losses previously deferred in equity are reclassified from equity
and recognized in the initial recognition of the asset or liability.

If a hedging instrument or the hedge relationship is terminated but the hedged transaction is still expected
to take place, the accumulated gains or losses will remain in equity at that time and will subsequently be
recognized in the statement of income when the previously hedged transaction takes place. 

Storing vital products

Net investments in foreign operations can be hedged (net investment hedge) by qualifying and designated

with care
derivative financial instruments, which are accounted for in a way similar to cash flow hedges (see above). If
a debt denominated in foreign currency hedges a net investment in a foreign operation in the same currency,
the exchange differences due to translation of the net investment and the debt into euros are recognized in
other comprehensive income, to the extent that the hedge is effective. The ineffective part is recognized in the
statement of income under Finance costs. Accumulated exchange losses and gains in equity are reclassified at
the time foreign activities are (partially) disposed of.

Key developments
per division
Key accounting estimates and judgments
The fair value of a derivative financial instrument not traded on active markets is measured as the present value
of the expected future cash flows under the contract. In determining this value, a valuation model is used that is
based on the interest rates and the exchange rates as at the end of the reporting period. Reference is made to
note 8.9 for more information.

Reconciliation of derivative financial instruments

Sustainability
31 December 2017 31 December 2016
In EUR millions Note Assets Liabilities Total Assets Liabilities Total
Currency part derivative
financial instruments 5.7 54.0 40.9 13.1 176.1 26.7 149.4
Interest part derivative
financial instruments 5.8 – 93.4 - 93.4 – 101.5 - 101.5
Total derivative financial instruments 54.0 134.3 - 80.3 176.1 128.2 47.9
Offsetting - 35.0 - 35.0 – - 46.0 - 46.0 –

Governance, risk
and compliance
Total 19.0 99.3 - 80.3 130.1 82.2 47.9

Non-current 16.3 83.8 - 67.5 94.2 71.2 23.0

Current 2.7 15.5 - 12.8 35.9 11.0 24.9
Total 19.0 99.3 - 80.3 130.1 82.2 47.9

The table above shows the effects of combining the currency part of the derivative financial instruments
(see note 5.7) and the interest part of the derivative financial instruments (see note 5.8) as well as the offsetting
applied on the individual contractual positions and a reconciliation to the Consolidated statement of financial
Financial Statements

position.

Note 5.10 Net finance costs

Accounting policies
Interest income from granted loans and dividends from other financial assets (over whose financial and
operating policies the Group has no significant influence) are presented under Interest and dividend income,
using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive payment is
Additional information

established. 

Finance costs consist primarily of interest and exchange differences on loans drawn and of results on hedging
instruments recognized in the statement of income. Interest expenses are recognized in the period to which
they relate, taking into account the effective interest rate.
186 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Net finance costs

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Interest income 11.7 10.4
Dividends on other financial assets 0.9 1.0
Interest and dividend income 12.6 11.4

Interest expense 1 101.4 97.8

Capitalized interest - 2.6 - 4.9
Interest component of provisions 0.4 0.4

Storing vital products

Fair value movements of (part of) derivative financial instruments (no hedge accounting) 118.3 - 3.3
Exchange differences on underlying items 2 - 109.3 23.5

with care
Other 26.4 5.1
Finance costs 134.6 118.6

Net finance costs 122.0 107.2

1. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate derivatives that are part of a fair value hedge accounting relationship and/or the
recycling of results from the cash flow hedge reserve.
2. Exchange differences on underlying items includes the impact of foreign currency derivatives that are part of a fair value hedge accounting
relationship and/or the recycling of results from the cash flow hedge reserve.

Key developments
per division
2017
In 2017, the Group’s net finance costs -excluding exceptional items- amounted to EUR 98.5 million, a decrease
of EUR 8.7 million (-8%) compared to EUR 107.2 million in 2016. The decrease relates to a large extent to lower
interest expenses due to the debt repayments in 2016 and 2017, partially offset by a lower amount of capitalized
interest.

In 2017, a make-whole payment of EUR 17.2 million was recognized under the finance expenses relating to the
voluntary early redemption of the USPP 2007 loan. This item was classified as an exceptional item.

Sustainability
Furthermore, the Group has recognized a constructive obligation of EUR 6.3 million in relation to the
joint venture terminal in Hainan in China that is recognized under the provisions with a corresponding loss in the
net finance expenses. This item was classified as an exceptional item. For more information, reference is made
to Note 3.7.

In 2017, capitalized interest during construction was subject to an average interest rate of 5.9% (2016: 7.5%).

2016

Governance, risk
and compliance
In 2016, a make-whole payment of EUR 4.4 million was recognized relating to the voluntary early redemption of
the SGD Asian PP loan. In addition, the repayment of an intercompany loan which was historically part of the net
investment by one of our terminals in the Americas division resulted in the recognition of a loss of
EUR 4.5 million of foreign currency translation differences which were previously recognized in OCI. The lower
interest expenses due to the repayment of interest-bearing loans during 2016, were partially offset by the lower
amount of capitalized interest.
Financial Statements
Additional information
187 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 6 Governance

Executive Board report
This section comprises notes related to the Governance of the company, including Board Remuneration,
External Auditor fees and transactions with related parties.

The following notes are presented in this section:

• 6.1 Remuneration of Board members

• 6.2 Long-term incentive plans (LTIPs)
• 6.3 Related parties

Storing vital products

• 6.4 Fees paid to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting

with care
Note 6.1 Remuneration of Board members
Reference is made to the section of the remuneration report for information regarding the remuneration of the
Supervisory Board members and the Executive Board members.

Note 6.2 Long-term incentive plans (LTIPs)

At year-end 2017, as in 2016, the Group operated three Long-Term Share Plans (LTSPs) and
Long-Term Cash Plans (LTCPs). For the Executive Board, all share-based payment plans are 100% equity-settled

Key developments
with the exception of the LTSP 2015-2017 which is 50% equity-settled and 50% cash-settled. For eligible senior

per division
management, the LTSPs consist of equity-settled share-based compensation plans for 50% and cash-settled
share-based compensation plans for 50%. As an exception, the recognition of the LTSP 2016-2018 and the
LTSP 2017-2019 were amended into fully cash-settled for Mr De Kreij in accordance with the plan rules,
following his decision and announcement to step down early 2018.

The LTCPs are other long-term remuneration plans settled in cash. The periods to which the plans relate
are presented below:

Sustainability
• LTSP and LTCP 2015-2017
• LTSP and LTCP 2016-2018
• LTSP and LTCP 2017-2019

The LTSP and LTCP 2014-2016 were vested and settled during 2017.

Accounting policies

Share-based compensation

Governance, risk
and compliance
For equity-settled share-based compensation plans, the fair value is determined at the date of granting and
expensed in the statement of income based on the Group’s estimate of the shares that will eventually vest over
the period in which the service is rendered (vesting period) with a corresponding adjustment directly in equity.
For cash-settled share-based compensation plans, the fair value is determined at the date of granting and is
remeasured at each reporting date until the liability is settled and is recognized over the vesting period as an
expense to the extent to which participants have rendered services to date. 

Generally, the compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The amounts
Financial Statements

expensed are adjusted over the vesting period for changes in the estimate of the number of shares and the
equivalent in cash that will eventually vest. Adjustments are made at the end of each reporting period to
reflect expected and actual forfeitures during the vesting period due to the failure to satisfy service conditions
or non-market performance conditions, such as profitability growth targets and remaining an employee of the
Group over a specified time period.
Additional information
188 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Other long-term remuneration

Executive Board report
Long-term remuneration settled in cash that depends on the development of the earnings per ordinary share
(EPS) during a period of three years is allocated to these years based on the latest estimates of the EPS.
Liabilities are remeasured at the end of each reporting period.

Costs of long-term incentive plans

LTSP 2017 LTSP 2016 LTSP 2015
equity- cash- equity- cash- equity- cash- Cash Total Total
In EUR thousands settled settled 1 settled settled 1 settled settled 1 Plan 2017 2 2016

Storing vital products

E.M. Hoekstra 119.5 – - 242.6 – - 46.4 - 67.5 – - 237.0 1,190.7
J.P. de Kreij – 211.4 – - 212.6 - 31.4 - 45.7 – - 78.3 814.4

with care
F. Eulderink 76.4 – - 150.9 – - 30.1 - 43.7 – - 148.3 725.5
Members Executive Board 195.9 211.4 - 393.5 - 212.6 - 107.9 - 156.9 – - 463.6 2,730.6
Other 429.2 53.8 - 443.7 - 450.0 - 176.5 - 262.9 - 572.6 - 1,422.7 7,765.5
Total 625.1 265.2 - 837.2 - 662.6 - 284.4 - 419.8 - 572.6 - 1,886.3 10,496.1
1. The total carrying amount of liabilities for cash-settled share-based payment at 31 December 2017 was EUR 1.0 million
(31 December 2016: EUR 7.2 million).
2. Negative costs of LTIPs related to accounting remeasurement caused by a change in the estimated vesting percentages.

Key developments
per division
For Mr Jack de Kreij, the service period for the LTSP 2016-2018 and the LTSP 2017-2019 ended on
31 January 2018 due to his resignation. The costs of these LTSPs are recognized in the income statement on
a pro-rata basis from the start of the service period to the end of the service period.

Mr Gerard Paulides has been appointed as Chief Financial Officer and member of the Executive Board
for a period of four years, effective 1 February 2018. As per year-end 2017, he did not participate in any of the
long-term incentive plans.

Sustainability
For more information on the remuneration policy and the remuneration of the Executive Board members and
the Supervisory Board members, reference is made to the Remuneration report as included in the Governance
and compliance chapter.

Long-Term Share Plans

The current LTSPs reward participants for the increase in Vopak’s Earnings per Share (EPS) performance
during the three-year performance period, respectively from start date of the plan to the end date of the plan
(either 2015-2017, 2016-2018 or 2017-2019), at pre-set EPS targets. If a considerable, ambitious improvement in
the EPS has been achieved during the three-year performance period, a long-term remuneration will be awarded

Governance, risk
and compliance
based on a percentage of their average annual salaries for all plans that are active.

The incentive ranges that apply to the various plans for the different groups of participants are presented in the
table below.

Incentive opportunities LTSP 2017 1 LTSP 2016 1 LTSP 2015 1

E.M. Hoekstra 0% to 150% 0% to 135% 0% to 120%
J.P. de Kreij 0% to 120% 0% to 105% 0% to 97.5%
Financial Statements

F. Eulderink 0% to 120% 0% to 105% 0% to 97.5%

Eligible senior management 0% to 60% / 0% to 45% 0% to 60% / 0% to 45% 0% to 60% / 0% to 45%
1. In accordance with the plan rules the LTSP 2017 and the LTSP 2016 are 100% equity-settled for the Executive Board. For senior
management, all plans are 50% equity-settled and 50% cash-settled except for the LTSP 2017, which is 100% equity-settled.
Additional information
189 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Long-Term Cash Plans

Executive Board report
For other senior managers who are not eligible to participate under the LTSP but who contribute significantly
to the company´s shareholder value, three-year Cash Plans have been granted. The LTCPs provide for additional
pay in the form of deferred compensation under the terms and conditions of the plan after the vesting period.
The financial performance is measured by the EPS growth during the three year performance period, the
incentive can rise from 0% to a maximum of 22.5% or 30.0% per annum of the average salary over the
vesting period. 

Movements in the number of conditional awards

Storing vital products

In numbers E.M. Hoekstra J.P. de Kreij F. Eulderink Other Total

with care
Outstanding at 31 December 2015 47,374 30,222 28,622 168,874 275,092
Change in expected average salary 1 - 596 - 384 - 240 - 1,642 - 2,862
Newly awarded 15,308 9,759 9,525 59,480 94,072
Outstanding at 31 December 2016 62,086 39,597 37,907 226,712 366,302
Vested and settled - 34,530 - 21,558 - 20,446 - 117,680 - 194,214
Change in expected average salary 1 - 496 - 227 - 314 - 316 - 1,353
Forfeited – – – - 1,447 - 1,447
Newly awarded 14,217 9,322 9,099 53,541 86,179

Key developments
Outstanding at 31 December 2017 41,277 27,134 26,246 160,810 255,467

per division
1. The conditional awards under the LTSPs are based on an average salary over the 3-year performance period. The estimated average
salaries are updated annually, which could result in an increase or decrease of the number of conditional awards at target level.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
190 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Valuation and cost allocation

Executive Board report
Conditional awards 1 Number of expected shares 2 Allocated cost to 3
Value
Value at Value at for cost
In EUR thousands Number grant Number vesting allocation 2017 2016

E.M. Hoekstra
LTSP 2017, equity-settled (conditional) 14,217 560.8 10,094 NA 398.2 119.5 –
LTSP 2016, equity-settled (conditional) 14,932 669.7 – NA – - 242.6 242.6
LTSP 2015, equity-settled (unconditional) 6,064 278.5 3,032 110.8 139.2 - 46.4 91.9

Storing vital products

LTSP 2015, cash-settled (unconditional) 6,064 278.5 3,032 109.6 109.6 - 67.5 100.1

with care
LTSP 2014, equity-settled (settled) 17,265 560.2 21,409 960.8 694.7 – 287.3
LTSP 2014, cash-settled (settled) 17,265 560.2 21,409 955.5 955.5 – 468.8
75,807 2,907.9 58,976 2,136.7 2,297.2 - 237.0 1,190.7

J.P. de Kreij
LTSP 2017, cash-settled (conditional) 4 9,322 367.7 6,619 NA 229.0 211.4 –
LTSP 2016, cash-settled (conditional) 4 9,614 431.2 – NA – - 212.6 212.6
LTSP 2015, equity-settled (unconditional) 4,099 188.2 2,049 74.9 94.1 - 31.4 62.1

Key developments
LTSP 2015, cash-settled (unconditional) 4,099 188.2 2,049 74.0 74.0 - 45.7 67.7

per division
LTSP 2014, equity-settled (settled) 10,779 349.8 13,366 599.9 433.7 – 179.3
LTSP 2014, cash-settled (settled) 10,779 349.8 13,366 596.5 596.5 – 292.7
48,692 1,874.9 37,449 1,345.3 1,427.3 - 78.3 814.4

F. Eulderink
LTSP 2017, equity-settled (conditional) 9,099 358.9 6,460 NA 254.8 76.4 –
LTSP 2016, equity-settled (conditional) 9,291 416.7 – NA – - 150.9 150.9
LTSP 2015, equity-settled (unconditional) 3,928 180.4 1,964 71.8 90.2 - 30.1 59.9
LTSP 2015, cash-settled (unconditional) 3,928 180.4 1,964 71.0 71.0 - 43.7 65.2

Sustainability
LTSP 2014, equity-settled (settled) 10,223 331.7 12,677 568.9 411.4 – 170.9
LTSP 2014, cash-settled (settled) 10,223 331.7 12,677 565.8 565.8 – 278.6
46,692 1,799.8 35,742 1,277.5 1,393.2 - 148.3 725.5

Members Executive Board 171,191 6,582.6 132,167 4,759.5 5,117.7 - 463.6 2,730.6

Senior management
LTSP 2017, equity-settled (conditional) 50,554 2,016.0 35,893 NA 1,431.4 429.2 –
LTSP 2017, cash-settled (conditional) 2,494 99.5 1,770 NA 61.2 53.8 –

Governance, risk
and compliance
LTSP 2016, equity-settled (conditional) 27,895 1,177.7 – NA – - 443.7 443.7
LTSP 2016, cash-settled (conditional) 30,655 1,294.3 – NA – - 450.0 450.0
LTSP 2015, equity-settled (unconditional) 24,606 1,072.6 12,303 449.9 536.3 - 176.5 357.4
LTSP 2015, cash-settled (unconditional) 24,606 1,072.6 12,303 444.6 444.6 - 262.9 399.9
LTSP 2014, equity-settled (settled) 58,840 2,344.8 72,961 3,274.5 2,907.5 – 1,211.5
LTSP 2014, cash-settled (settled) 58,840 2,344.8 72,961 3,256.2 3,256.2 – 1,606.6

Others 278,490 11,422.3 208,191 7,425.2 8,637.2 - 850.1 4,469.1

Financial Statements

Total LTIPs 449,681 18,004.9 340,358 12,184.7 13,754.9 - 1,313.7 7,199.7

Of which vested and settled in 2016 – – – – – – –
Of which vested and settled in 2017 194,214 7,173.0 240,826 10,778.1 9,821.3 – 4,495.7
Outstanding LTIPs 31 December 2017 255,467 10,831.9 99,532 1,406.6 3,933.6 - 1,313.7 2,704.0
1. On a target level of 100%. For the LTSPs based on the average salary over the vesting period since date of appointment, the value at grant is
the conditional number of shares multiplied by the average share price at the grant date.
2. The value for cost allocation for the equity-settled LTSPs is based on the number of expected or vested shares and multiplied by the fair value
per share award at the grant date, which has been reduced with the expected discounted future dividends payable during the respective
vesting periods since the holders of shares are not entitled to receive dividends during the vesting period. The value for cost allocation for the
Additional information

cash-settled LTSPs is based on the number of expected or vested shares and multiplied by the fair value per award at the reporting date less
discounted expected future dividend payments. Expected dividends have been applied in accordance with the dividend policy of the company.
The estimated vesting percentages of the LTSPs are based on a Monte Carlo simulation scenario analysis.
3 The (fair) value of the employee services received in exchange for the awards is recognized rateably over the vesting period of the plan.
4 On 15 November 2016, Mr Jack de Kreij, Chief Financial Officer and Vice-Chairman of the Executive Board informed the Supervisory Board that
he decided to step down as per 1 February 2018. The recognition of the LTSP 2016 and LTSP 2017 were amended into fully cash-settled for
Mr Jack de Kreij in accordance with the plan rules, due to his resignation early in 2018. The costs of the LTSP are allocated to the remaining
period of service.
191 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 6.3 Related parties

Executive Board report
Transactions with Supervisory Board members and Executive Board members
For the remuneration of Supervisory Board members and Executive Board members, the key management of
the Group, reference is made to the sections Remuneration Supervisory Board and Actual remuneration 2017
of the Remuneration report, which are deemed part of these financial statements.

No loans, advances or guarantees have been provided to current or former members of the Supervisory Board
and the Executive Board.

Storing vital products

For both years presented, the Group has not conducted any transactions with companies in which

with care
Executive Board members and/or persons closely related to them have a significant financial interest.

Transactions with joint ventures and associates

The transactions with our joint ventures and associates, other than providing equity and receiving dividends,
principally consist of fees for services provided by the Group, loans issued by the Group and the related interest
income.

Joint ventures Associates Total

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

per division
Other operating income 10.6 7.0 0.4 0.5 11.0 7.5
Interest income on borrowings to – – 1.6 0.6 1.6 0.6
Amounts owed by 2.0 2.0 – – 2.0 2.0

Transactions with major shareholders

Besides the annual dividend distribution, no related party transactions have been entered into with the major
shareholders during the years presented.

Sustainability
Vopak has been informed by HAL Holding N.V. (‘HAL’), that it is technically required for HAL to consolidate
Vopak in its Consolidated financial statements as from 1 January 2014. Accordingly, HAL has requested Vopak
to provide detailed accounting information with respect to the Consolidated financial statements in order for
HAL to be able to consolidate Vopak in its Consolidated statements. To facilitate HAL in complying with its
obligations under IFRS 10, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Vopak and HAL with respect
to confidentiality, the process of exchanging information, subsequent events procedures, external auditor
involvement and attendance rights to the Audit Committee meetings for an independent financial expert on
behalf of HAL.

Governance, risk
Transactions with pension funds and compliance

Related party transactions with Vopak’s pension funds are presented in note 8.4.

Note 6.4. Fees paid to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting
The fees listed in the table below relate to the procedures applied to the company and its consolidated Group
entities by Deloitte Accountants B.V., the Netherlands, the external auditor as referred to in Section 1(1) of
the Dutch Accounting Firms Oversight Act (Dutch acronym: Wta), as well as by other Dutch and foreign-based
Financial Statements

Deloitte individual partnerships and legal entities, including their tax services and advisory groups. 

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Financial statements audit fees 1.2 1.2
Tax fees – –
Other assurance fees 0.1 0.1
Total 1.3 1.3
Additional information

The financial statements audit fees include the aggregate fees in 2017 and 2016 for professional services
rendered for the audit of Vopak’s annual financial statements and annual statutory financial statements of
subsidiaries or services that are normally provided by the auditor in connection with the audits.
192 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The other assurance fees include the aggregate fees invoiced for assurance and services for other audit services,

Executive Board report
which generally only the company’s independent auditor can reasonably provide, such as comfort letters.

In line with the Dutch independence legislation, no tax advisory, compliance services or other non-audit services
were provided in 2017 and 2016.

The total fees of Deloitte Accountants B.V., the Netherlands, charged to the company and its consolidated
Group entities amounted to EUR 0.6 million in 2017 (2016: EUR 0.7 million). Of the 2016 fees, an amount of
EUR 0.2 million relates to non-recurring fees for the 2015 audit which were approved by the Audit Committee in 2016.

Storing vital products

with care
Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
193 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 7 Income taxes

Executive Board report
This section comprises all relevant disclosures and specifications regarding tax recognized in the Consolidated
financial statements.

The following notes are presented in this section:

• 7.1 Income taxes
• 7.2 Deferred taxes

Note 7.1 Income taxes

Storing vital products

Accounting policies

with care
Taxes on profit or loss for the financial year comprise current and deferred taxes. Taxes are recognized in the
statement of income unless they relate to items directly recognized in equity through other comprehensive
income. 

Current taxes are the expected taxes payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted at the
end of the reporting period, plus any adjustments to prior-year tax payable. 

Key developments
Deferred taxes are provided for, using the liability method, whereby provisions are made for all taxable

per division
temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and their tax base. No deferred taxes are provided for the following temporary differences: goodwill not
deductible for tax purposes; the initial recognition of assets and liabilities that neither affect accounting nor
taxable profit; and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they will not reverse in
the foreseeable future. The calculation is based on tax rates enacted or substantively enacted, as at the end of
the reporting period. 

Deferred tax assets, including assets arising from losses carried forward, are recognized to the extent that it is

Sustainability
probable that future taxable profits will be available against which these temporary differences or unused tax
losses can be utilized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are stated at nominal value. 

The Group recognizes liabilities for potential tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will
be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded,
such differences will impact the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the period in which
such determination is made.

A provision is formed for tax, principally regarding withholding tax, for which a liability might arise in connection

Governance, risk
and compliance
with the distribution of retained earnings if a decision has been made to distribute such earnings.
Financial Statements
Additional information
194 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Income tax recognized in the Consolidated statement of income

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 2017 2016

Current taxes
Current financial year 68.7 66.5
Adjustments for prior years - 1.3 - 5.5
67.4 61.0

Deferred taxes

Storing vital products

Adjustments for prior years - 7.0 - 4.6
Temporary differences 5.5 17.5

with care
Recognition of tax losses and tax credits - 6.0 - 1.5
Changes in tax rates - 34.6 0.1
- 42.1 11.5

Tax on profit 25.3 72.5

Income tax paid 51.7 70.9

Movements in current and deferred tax balances - 26.4 1.6

Key developments
Income tax expense 25.3 72.5

per division
In 2017, EUR 39.4 million of exceptional gains was recognized in the income tax expenses
(2016: income of EUR 6.8 million). Due to the income tax rate changes as per January 1, 2018 in the United
States (from 35% to 21%) and in Belgium (2018: from 33.99% to 29.58% and 2020: to 25%), a release of the
deferred tax position of EUR 34.6 million was recognized as a gain in the income statement. These changes in
income tax rate are classified as an exceptional item. The remainder of the exceptional gains in the income tax
expenses relates to the tax effects on the exceptional items included in the profit before tax.

Sustainability
The remaining difference between the tax expenses for the year and the current tax charge is caused by
deferred tax expenses mostly related to differences in the depreciation rates of Property, plant and equipment.
For further details on the deferred tax position, reference is made to note 7.2.

Tax expenses per share

The tax expense per share amounts to EUR 0.20 (2016: EUR 0.57).

Reconciliation of effective tax rate

Governance, risk
and compliance
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Profit before income tax 300.5 652.1
Tax on profit 25.3 72.5
Effective tax rate 8.4% 11.1%

Composition: Amount % Amount %

Weighted average statutory tax rate 76.0 25.3 143.8 22.0
Participation exemption - 9.4 - 3.1 - 69.1 - 10.6
Financial Statements

Non-deductible expenses 6.1 2.0 9.7 1.5

Changes in tax rates - 34.6 - 11.5 – –
Recognition of tax losses and tax credits 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.2
Tax facilities - 0.8 - 0.3 – –
Movements in prior-year taxes - 8.3 - 2.8 - 10.1 - 1.5
Other effects - 4.0 - 1.3 - 3.2 - 0.5
Effective tax (rate) 25.3 8.4 72.5 11.1
Additional information

The income tax expense for 2017 amounted to EUR 25.3 million (2016: EUR 72.5 million). The effective tax rate
decreased from 11.1% in 2016 to 8.4% in 2017. This decrease was mainly due to the effects of the changes in the
corporate income tax rates in the United States and Belgium. Furthermore, the recovery of previously unrecognized
tax receivables and confirming past tax payables have resulted in a tax gain of EUR 8.3 million in 2017. 
Excluding exceptional items, the effective tax rate for 2017 was 16.5% (2016: 17.6%). 
195 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Income tax recognized in other comprehensive income

Executive Board report
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
On changes in the value of cash flow hedges 5.2 1.9 - 0.2
On exchange differences and hedges 5.2 6.0 0.6
On use of cash flow hedges 5.2 - 1.0 - 1.9
On use of exchange differences and hedges 5.2 – 2.1
On remeasurements of defined benefit plans 20.8 - 8.8
Total 27.7 - 8.2

Storing vital products

Note 7.2 Deferred taxes

with care
Key accounting estimates and judgments
Deferred tax assets, including those arising from carry-forward losses, are recognized if it is likely that
taxable profit is available against which losses can be set off. In determining this, Vopak uses estimates
and assumptions that also affect the measurement of the deferred tax assets. A maturity schedule of the
unrecognized carry-forward losses is shown on the next page.

Key developments
per division
Accounting policies
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset against each other to the extent that this is a legally enforceable
right and the deferrals belong to the same fiscal unit. The decision to account for deferred tax assets is taken
annually for each fiscal unit after critically assessing whether conditions are sufficient to realize these deferred
tax assets, based on the strategic plans and related tax plans.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Sustainability
Temporary differences
Carry- Property, Offset Statement
forward plant and Loans Employee assets and of financial
In EUR millions losses equipment granted benefits Other Other liabilities position
Assets 4.6 7.7 0.8 35.5 32.3 0.9 - 67.9 13.9
Liabilities – - 258.5 – – - 15.6 – 67.9 - 206.2
Balance 31 December 2015 4.6 - 250.8 0.8 35.5 16.7 0.9 – - 192.3
Movements:

Governance, risk
and compliance
- Statement of income 1.5 - 22.2 2.2 5.8 1.3 - 0.1 - 11.5
- Other comprehensive income – – - 3.7 8.8 – – 5.1
- Reclassification – 8.7 – – - 8.6 - 0.1 –
- Exchange differences - 2.0 - 5.8 0.2 0.4 0.4 - 0.1 - 6.9
Balance 31 December 2016 4.1 - 270.1 - 0.5 50.5 9.8 0.6 - 205.6

Assets 4.1 6.7 – 50.6 35.0 0.6 - 81.3 15.7

Liabilities – - 276.8 - 0.5 - 0.1 - 25.2 – 81.3 - 221.3
Financial Statements

Balance 31 December 2016 4.1 - 270.1 - 0.5 50.5 9.8 0.6 – - 205.6
Movements:
- Statement of income 6.3 32.9 0.2 1.2 1.8 - 0.2 42.2
- Other comprehensive income – – – - 20.8 - 2.2 – - 23.0
- Exchange differences - 2.9 11.9 – - 1.6 0.9 - 0.1 8.2
Balance 31 December 2017 7.5 - 225.3 - 0.3 29.3 10.3 0.3 - 178.2

Assets 7.5 6.2 – 29.4 32.4 0.3 - 71.0 4.8

Liabilities – - 231.5 - 0.3 - 0.1 - 22.1 – 71.0 - 183.0
Additional information

Balance 31 December 2017 7.5 - 225.3 - 0.3 29.3 10.3 0.3 – - 178.2
196 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
In determining the deferred tax liabilities, withholding tax and any other tax due for unremitted earnings of

Executive Board report
subsidiaries were not recognized. These earnings have been permanently reinvested.

Due to the tax rate changes in the United States and Belgium as per 1 January 2018, a release of the deferred
tax position of EUR 34.6 million has been recognized.

Deferred tax assets not recognized in the Consolidated statement of financial position
Carry-forward losses for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized amounted to EUR 24.0 million at
31 December 2017 (2016: EUR 27.2 million). The maturity schedule is as follows:

Storing vital products

In EUR millions 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022+ unlimited Total

with care
Offsettable carry-forward losses 8.5 0.6 – 1.6 12.8 0.5 24.0

Deferred tax assets regarding these carry-forward losses have not been recognized because it is not probable
that sufficient taxable profit will be available to utilize the deferred tax asset in time.

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
197 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Section 8 Other disclosures

Executive Board report
This section provides details on items which are not included in other sections, but which are of statutory or
secondary importance for understanding the financial performance of the Group due to their nature. A list of
principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates of the Vopak Group is also included in this section.

The following notes are presented in this section:

• 8.1 Earnings per ordinary share - number of shares
• 8.2 Loans granted and finance lease receivables
• 8.3 Other non-current assets

Storing vital products

• 8.4 Pensions and other employee benefits

with care
• 8.5 Provisions
• 8.6 Operating leases
• 8.7 Investment commitments undertaken
• 8.8 Contingent assets and contingent liabilities
• 8.9 Financial assets and liabilities and credit risk
• 8.10 New standards and interpretations not yet implemented
• 8.11 Principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates
• 8.12 Events after the reporting period

Key developments
per division
Note 8.1 Earnings per ordinary share - number of shares
Basic earnings per ordinary share are calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to holders of ordinary
shares by the time-weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares (excluding the average
number of treasury shares). The weighted average number of outstanding shares was 127,541,590 in 2017
(2016: 127,498,822).

In calculating the diluted earnings per ordinary share, the weighted average number of outstanding shares
is adjusted for the dilutive effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares, such as share-based payment

Sustainability
arrangements.

The composition of the weighted average number of outstanding shares and of the diluted weighted average
number of outstanding shares is as follows:

In thousands Note 2017 2016

Outstanding ordinary shares at 1 January 5.1 127,465 127,545
Purchase treasury shares 5.1 77 - 46
Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares 127,542 127,499

Governance, risk
and compliance
Dilutive effect of LTSPs (equity-settled part) 145 217
Weighted average number of ordinary shares including dilutive effect 127,687 127,716

At 31 December 2017, the company owned 190,000 ​​​​​​​treasury shares (2016: 370,000). The treasury shares have
no voting rights attached to them, nor are they eligible for dividends during the period when these are held by
the company.
Financial Statements

When the vesting conditions of the equity-settled share-based payment arrangements are met, the settlement
will result in an increase of the number of shares outstanding, which will have a dilutive effect. During 2017 the
LTSP 2014-2016  share-based payment arrangement was settled (2016: no plans settled) and 101,599 treasury
shares were sold.

The LTSP 2015-2017 will be settled in 2018. For more information reference is made to note 6.2.
Additional information
198 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 8.2 Loans granted and finance lease receivable

Executive Board report
Loans to joint
ventures and Total loans Finance lease
associates Other loans granted receivable
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Carrying amount at 1 January 2.0 87.9 12.5 7.8 14.5 95.7 30.5 29.3
Movements:
Loans granted 67.7 – 14.3 3.3 82.0 3.3 – –

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Repayments - 63.2 - 85.9 – – - 63.2 - 85.9 - 4.9 - 5.0

with care
Finance lease interest income – – – – – – 5.5 5.3
Exchange differences - 4.5 – - 0.2 1.4 - 4.7 1.4 - 1.9 0.9
Carrying amount at 31 December 2.0 2.0 26.6 12.5 28.6 14.5 29.2 30.5

Non-current receivables 2.0 2.0 17.8 12.5 19.8 14.5 29.2 30.5
Current receivables – – 8.8 – 8.8 – – –
Carrying amount at 31 December 2.0 2.0 26.6 12.5 28.6 14.5 29.2 30.5

Key developments
Loans granted do not include any subordinated loans.

per division
2017
On 12 December 2017, the associate Pengerang Terminals Two (PT2SB) which is an industrial terminal located
in Malaysia, entered into a non-recourse project financing of USD 1.25 billion (approx. EUR 1.1 billion). As a
consequence, the initial proportionate shareholder loan from Vopak of EUR 63.2 million was repaid in the
fourth quarter of 2017. The 2017 Other loans contains SGD 14 million (EUR 8.8 million) of deposits with a
maturity of more than 3 months.

Sustainability
2016
On 22 February 2016, the associate Jubail Chemicals Storage and Services Company (JCSSC) entered into
a non-recourse project financing. As a consequence, the initial proportionate shareholder loan from Vopak of 
EUR 85.9 million was repaid during 2016.

Reference is made to note 8.9 for the fair value information and note 5.6 on the remaining period at the end
of the reporting period to the contractual maturity date. 

With respect to the loans granted and the finance lease receivables, which are neither impaired nor past due,

Governance, risk
and compliance
there are no indications as of the reporting date that the debtors will not meet their payment obligations.

Note 8.3 Other non-current assets

The other non-current assets primarily relate to prepaid land use rights. These prepaid land use rights
are allocated to the period to which they relate. The terms remaining at 31 December 2017 vary
between 4 to 46 years (2016: 5 - 44 years). 

Note 8.4 Pensions and other employee benefits

Financial Statements

The majority of employees are either covered by defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans or mandatory
external pension plans. The defined benefit plans are plans that apply in the Netherlands, the United States,
Germany and Belgium. A hybrid pension plan, combining average-pay pensions and defined contributions,
applies in the Netherlands, while the other countries mostly operate final-pay pension plans. Most of the
defined benefit plans are administrated by pension funds separated from the company.
Additional information
199 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Accounting policies

Executive Board report
Defined benefit plans
The Group’s net pension obligation is calculated by an independent actuary, using the projected unit credit
method. This calculation is performed separately for each plan by estimating the amount of the benefit that
employees have earned in relation to their past services. The liability recognized in the balance sheet is the
present value of these benefits at the end of the reporting period (defined benefit obligation) less the fair value
of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows
using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds with durations matching the terms of the benefits. 

Storing vital products

The increase in the defined benefit obligation due to the passage of time and the expected return on plan

with care
assets, using the same interest rate as for the defined benefit obligation, are included in the pension costs.

Past-service costs are recognized immediately in the statement of income. Actuarial gains and losses arising
from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity via other
comprehensive income in the period in which they arise.

When a plan is changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in the defined benefit obligation that
relates to past-service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in the statement of income

Key developments
under Personnel expenses.

per division
Defined contribution plans
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized in the statement of income as incurred. 

Key accounting estimates and judgments

The defined benefit obligation is determined on the basis of assumptions for future developments in variables
such as salary increase, price index increase, life expectancy and discount rate. All assumptions are assessed

Sustainability
at the reporting date. Changes in the assumptions may significantly affect the liabilities and pension costs
under the defined benefit plans. The weighted average of these assumptions as well as sensitivities of key
assumptions are disclosed in this note.

Pensions and other employee benefits

The Netherlands Foreign Total
in EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016

Governance, risk
and compliance
Funded defined benefit obligation 1,136.0 1,141.3 131.8 137.1 1,267.8 1,278.4
Fair value of plan assets - 1,081.8 - 1,035.9 - 95.6 - 96.0 - 1,177.4 - 1,131.9
Deficit of funded plans 54.2 105.4 36.2 41.1 90.4 146.5
Unfunded defined benefit obligation – – 18.6 19.2 18.6 19.2
Total deficit of defined benefit plans 54.2 105.4 54.8 60.3 109.0 165.7
Net pension obligation under defined contribution plans 2.7 3.8 1.0 1.0 3.7 4.8
Net pension obligation recognized at 31 December 56.9 109.2 55.8 61.3 112.7 170.5
Financial Statements

Current liabilities 1.4 1.5

Non-current liabilities 111.3 169.0
Net pension obligation recognized at 31 December 112.7 170.5

Due to legislative changes in the Netherlands, the early retirement schemes for employees born
on or after 1 January 1950 were curtailed as per 1 January 2006. These employees were offered a
defined contribution plan and a contribution to a life-cycle savings scheme instead. A provision was formed
in 2006 for future contributions that correspond to years of past service. The employer’s contribution to the
Additional information

defined contribution plan amounted to EUR 2.3 million in 2017 (2016: EUR 2.6 million), of which EUR 1.2 million

(2016: EUR 1.3 million) is compensated for by the release of the provision for the employer’s contribution
corresponding to years of past service.
200 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Pension plan governance in the Netherlands

Executive Board report
The Dutch pension fund holds 88% (2016: 88%) of the total defined benefit obligation. Therefore, detailed
information regarding the Dutch pension plan on a local basis is provided below.

Through the pension fund, employees are insured against the consequences of old age, disability and death.
The employer and the employees (as of 1 January 2008) each pay contributions to the pension plan. The
pension fund has the legal structure of a foundation. The (actuarial) risks related to the pension plan consist
of demographic risks (primarily life expectancy) and financial risks (primarily discount rate and return on plan
assets), and are regularly reviewed by the board of trustees. The board of trustees is the most senior governing
body of the pension fund and is composed of equal numbers of employer and employee representatives

Storing vital products

(including pensioners).

with care
Pension plans in the Netherlands are subject to the Pension Act which includes the Financial Assessment
Framework. This framework sets out minimum capital and buffer requirements for pension funds. A pension
fund’s financial position is reflected mainly in the funding level. This expresses the relationship between the
fair value of plan assets and the present value on a local basis of the benefits relating to past service, averaged
over the last twelve months. The minimum required funding level is 104%. In addition, a pension fund must
hold sufficient buffers (equity) to be able to cope with financial setbacks. The greater the investment risks in the
pension fund, the higher the buffer requirements. The buffer requirement for the Dutch pension fund is 116%.

Key developments
per division
The Dutch pension fund had a funding level of 112% at year-end 2016. Averaged out over the last twelve
months, the funding level at year-end 2016 amounted to 109%. The funding level at 31 December 2017 was
calculated preliminarily at 118%. Averaged out over the last twelve months the funding level at year-end 2017
amounted to 116%. At year-end 2017 the Dutch pension fund holds sufficient buffers and therefore a recovery
plan is no longer applicable.

The annual report including an actuarial review of the plan is prepared in accordance with legal requirements
and can be found on the website of the pension fund (https://pensioenfonds.vopak.com).

Sustainability
The plan assets are managed by independent asset managers who also execute the investment transactions.
A fiduciary asset manager has been appointed for the overall asset management.

The risks and monitoring controls for the pension fund have been analyzed based on the risk analysis
method of the DNB. An update of this analysis was performed in 2016 and was finalized in 2017. The risks of
market-related fluctuations in the value of plan assets are managed by means of a prudent investment strategy
and by monitoring the investments. The investment strategy is determined taking into account pension liabilities
and local practice and derives from an asset-liability study executed in consultation with external advisors.

Governance, risk
and compliance
In order to match liabilities, interest rate hedging and currency hedging strategies have been implemented
and in order to stabilize returns, diversification is pursued. The monitoring covers, for example, risks related
to changes in interest rates, equity values, currency rates and credit spreads.

Recognized cost of defined benefit plans

The following table summarizes the effects of the pension expenses of defined benefit plans recorded in the
Consolidated statement of income and the remeasurements of these plans which were directly recognized in
equity through other comprehensive income.
Financial Statements
Additional information
201 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The Netherlands Foreign Total

Executive Board report
in EUR millions Note 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Current service costs 27.0 20.3 4.6 5.1 31.6 25.4
Past service costs and gains (-) and losses
from settlements – – - 0.7 0.1 - 0.7 0.1
Administration costs and taxes 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.3
Service costs 28.0 21.3 4.3 5.5 32.3 26.8
Net Interest expenses 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.8 3.2 3.1
Components of defined benefit costs recorded
in profit or loss 2.5 29.7 22.6 5.8 7.3 35.5 29.9

Storing vital products

Remeasurement of net defined benefit liability:

with care
Return on plan assets (excluding interest
income on plan assets) - 47.7 - 64.5 - 9.5 - 3.3 - 57.2 - 67.8
Actuarial gains (-) and losses from changes
in demographic assumptions – 3.3 - 1.5 - 0.7 - 1.5 2.6
Actuarial gains (-) and losses arising from
experience - 11.6 5.8 0.3 - 1.6 - 11.3 4.2
Actuarial gains (-) and losses arising from
changes in financial assumptions - 5.5 90.2 9.3 5.8 3.8 96.0
Components of defined benefit costs recorded
in other comprehensive income - 64.8 34.8 - 1.4 0.2 - 66.2 35.0

Key developments
per division
Total of components of defined benefit costs - 35.1 57.4 4.4 7.5 - 30.7 64.9

Market volatility had a positive impact on the Group’s defined benefit plans in 2017, which resulted in
remeasurement gains (gross) of EUR 66.2 million (2016: losses of EUR 35.0 million), being recorded, net of
tax, in other comprehensive income. These remeasurements were mostly caused by the higher than expected
return on assets and the defined benefit obligation impact of deviations from the assumptions set at the
beginning of the year.

Changes in defined benefit obligation

Sustainability
The Netherlands Foreign Total
in EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Defined benefit obligation at 1 January 1,141.3 1,035.0 156.3 144.9 1,297.6 1,179.9
Movements:
Current service costs 27.0 20.3 4.6 4.3 31.6 24.6
Past service costs – – – 0.1 – 0.1
Interest expenses 20.4 22.9 5.0 5.1 25.4 28.0

Governance, risk
and compliance
Actuarial gains (-) and losses from changes in
demographic assumptions (remeasurement) – 3.3 - 1.5 - 0.7 - 1.5 2.6
Actuarial gains (-) and losses from experience - 11.6 5.8 0.3 - 1.6 - 11.3 4.2
Actuarial gains (-) and losses from changes in financial
assumptions (remeasurement) - 5.5 90.2 9.3 5.8 3.8 96.0
Benefits paid from the pension fund - 38.3 - 38.6 - 4.1 - 3.8 - 42.4 - 42.4
Benefits paid directly by the employer – – - 1.8 - 1.9 - 1.8 - 1.9
Employees' contributions 1.7 1.4 – – 1.7 1.4
Administration costs and taxes 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.3
Financial Statements

Settlements – – - 4.2 – - 4.2 –

Exchange differences – – - 13.9 3.8 - 13.9 3.8
Defined benefit obligation at 31 December 1,136.0 1,141.3 150.4 156.3 1,286.4 1,297.6

Allocated to the plans' participants:

Active members 379.1 388.9 70.3 66.4 449.4 455.3
Deferred members 227.0 217.3 28.4 36.3 255.4 253.6
Pensioners 529.9 535.1 51.7 53.6 581.6 588.7
Additional information

Defined benefit obligation at 31 December 1,136.0 1,141.3 150.4 156.3 1,286.4 1,297.6
202 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Change in the fair value of plan assets and major classes of plan assets

Executive Board report
The following tables summarize the changes in the fair value of the plan assets and the composition of the
characteristics/main elements of the plan assets at 31 December.

The Netherlands Foreign Total

in EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Movement in fair value of plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at 1 January 1,035.9 972.8 96.0 85.3 1,131.9 1,058.1
Movements:

Storing vital products

Interest income 18.7 21.6 3.5 3.3 22.2 24.9
Return on plan assets excluding interest income
(remeasurement gains and losses) 47.7 64.5 9.5 3.3 57.2 67.8

with care
Employer's contributions 16.1 14.2 6.5 7.0 22.6 21.2
Employees' contributions 1.7 1.4 – – 1.7 1.4
Benefits paid - 38.3 - 38.6 - 5.8 - 5.7 - 44.1 - 44.3
Settlements – – - 3.5 – - 3.5 –
Exchange differences – – - 10.6 2.8 - 10.6 2.8
Fair value of plan assets at 31 December 1,081.8 1,035.9 95.6 96.0 1,177.4 1,131.9

Key developments
Major classes of plan assets

per division
AAA 203.3 247.4 14.1 12.7 217.4 260.1
AA 153.9 123.3 5.1 7.4 159.0 130.7
A 53.4 51.3 15.7 14.4 69.1 65.7
BBB and lower 182.3 166.2 22.0 21.5 204.3 187.7
Not rated 58.9 23.5 0.1 0.9 59.0 24.4
Bonds 651.8 611.7 57.0 56.9 708.8 668.6
- Europe 86.9 90.0 7.6 8.3 94.5 98.3
- North America 150.4 145.9 30.3 29.3 180.7 175.2

Sustainability
- Asia-Pacific 43.4 45.0 0.6 1.3 44.0 46.3
- Emerging markets 62.4 58.3 0.1 0.2 62.5 58.5
Equity instruments 343.1 339.2 38.6 39.1 381.7 378.3
- Europe 35.5 32.3 – – 35.5 32.3
- North America 22.5 20.6 – – 22.5 20.6
- Asia-Pacific 11.5 6.5 – – 11.5 6.5
- Emerging markets – 4.9 – – – 4.9
Real estate 69.5 64.3 – – 69.5 64.3

Governance, risk
and compliance
- Interest rate swaps 15.5 20.5 – – 15.5 20.5
- Forward foreign exchange contracts 1.9 0.2 – – 1.9 0.2
Derivatives 17.4 20.7 – – 17.4 20.7
Fair value of plan assets at 31 December 1,081.8 1,035.9 95.6 96.0 1,177.4 1,131.9

Investments are well-diversified, such that the failure of any single investment would not have a material impact
on the overall level of assets.
Financial Statements

Government Bonds generally have a credit rating that is not lower than ‘A’ and have quoted market prices in
an active market (level 1 fair value classification). Corporate bonds are generally categorized in level 2 of the
fair value hierarchy. Equity instruments represent investments in equity funds and direct investments. They
are generally based on quoted market prices in an active market (level 1 fair value classification). Real estate
consists of investments in (listed) real estate funds.

Derivatives are only used for risk management purposes, no speculative positions were adopted. In the absence
of quoted prices, other observable inputs are used to estimate fair value (level 2 fair value classification).
Additional information

The pension fund has not invested directly in shares of Royal Vopak, parts of the Group or in real estate of the
Group.
203 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Expected maturity, contribution and impact on result

Executive Board report
The expected maturity analysis of undiscounted pension benefits at 31 December 2017 is as follows:
In EUR millions 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023+ Total
Undiscounted pension benefits 43.8 43.6 43.6 44.5 45.1 1,722.1 1,942.7

The employer’s contribution for defined benefit plans increased from EUR 21.2 million in 2016 to
EUR 22.6 million in 2017.

Assumptions and sensitivity analysis

Storing vital products

Assumptions

with care
The Netherlands Foreign Total
2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Assumptions based on weighted average
at 31 December
Discount rate on net liability 1.85% 1.82% 3.02% 3.43% 1.99% 2.01%
Expected general salary increase 2.75% 2.75% 4.10% 4.47% 2.91% 2.96%

Key developments
Expected price index increase 1.75% 1.75% 2.63% 2.64% 1.85% 1.86%

per division
Life expectancy in years:
Age 65 for men 21.7 21.5 20.6 20.9
Age 65 for women 24.1 24.0 23.1 23.4
Age 65 in 20 years for men 24.0 23.9 22.1 22.4
Age 65 in 20 years for women 26.4 26.3 24.6 24.9

The discount rates used in the determination of defined benefit obligations and pension expenses are based on

Sustainability
high quality corporate bonds (AA) with a duration matching the duration of the pension liabilities.

In addition, the calculations were based on recent mortality tables, taking future developments in mortality
rates into account through projections or surpluses. Local historical data were used for turnover and disability
assumptions.

The liabilities and pension expenses related to defined benefit plans are subject to risks regarding changes in
discount rates, plan assets and returns derived from these assets, future salary increases, inflation and life
expectancy. Such changes can negatively or positively influence the liabilities and necessitate additional future

Governance, risk
and compliance
pension charges under IAS 19. The table below shows the estimated impact on the defined benefit obligations
for defined benefit plans for each risk variable.

Sensitivity analysis

In EUR millions Change Increase Decrease

Sensitivity assumptions
Price inflation 1.0% 254.2 - 194.1
Financial Statements

Salary growth 0.25% 2.0 - 2.0

Discount rates 1.0% - 208.6 274.9
Life expectation 1 year 51.1 NA

The sensitivity analysis is based on changes that are realistically possible as at the end of the financial year. Each
change in a significant actuarial assumption was analyzed separately as part of the test. Interdependencies were
not taken into account.
Additional information
204 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Effect of change in Dutch pension plan in 2018

Executive Board report
Early 2018 Vopak reached an agreement with the labour unions and the works council regarding a new pension
plan in the Netherlands effective per 1 January 2018. This new pension plan will most likely qualify as a defined
contribution plan. As such, the pension expenses for the defined benefit plans are expected to decrease from
EUR 35.5 million in 2017 to approximately EUR 6.6 million in 2018, as it now only relates to the non-Dutch
defined benefit plans. For more information, reference is made to note 8.12.

Note 8.5 Provisions

Accounting policies

Storing vital products

Provisions are recognized for legal or constructive obligations that arose in the past, the amount of which,

with care
though uncertain, can be reliably estimated and where it is probable that the settlement of the obligations will
entail a cash outflow. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required
to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money
and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as
interest expense.

In accordance with current legislation, environmental plans and other measures to be adopted are agreed with
local, regional and national authorities as appropriate. As soon as such plans are approved or other statutory

Key developments
obligations arise, a provision is formed based on the most reliable estimate possible of the future expenses. 

per division
A provision for reorganization is formed when Vopak has approved a detailed and formalized reorganization plan
and when the reorganization has either commenced or been made public.

Provisions for other deferred long-term employee benefits, other than pensions and other employee benefits,
for example, redundancy benefits, anniversary bonuses and long-term remuneration settled in cash, are
calculated using the method for defined benefit plans. Any actuarial results arising are recognized immediately
in the statement of income. The same applies to any changes relating to past service.

Sustainability
Key accounting estimates and judgments
The amount recognized as a provision is management’s best estimate of the amount required to settle the
obligation. The outcome depends on future events that are uncertain by nature. In assessing the likely outcome
of lawsuits and tax disputes, management also bases its assessment on external legal assistance and
established precedents.

The Group is exposed to risks regarding environmental obligations arising from past activities. For example,

Governance, risk
and compliance
a number of sites have to be decontaminated before being handed back at the end of the contractual period.
Under current legislation, environmental plans and any other measures to be adopted have to be agreed
with local, regional and national authorities as appropriate. As soon as such plans are approved or other legal
obligations arise, a provision is formed based on the most reliable estimate of possible future expenses. Given
the degree of difficulty in making estimates, this does not guarantee that no additional costs will arise in the
future.
Financial Statements
Additional information
205 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Movements in provisions

Executive Board report
Environmental
In EUR millions liabilities Other Total
Non-current liabilities 8.1 15.7 23.8
Current liabilities 10.3 25.9 36.2
Balance at 31 December 2016 18.4 41.6 60.0
Movements:
Additions 0.2 23.9 24.1
Withdrawals - 4.4 - 16.0 - 20.4

Storing vital products

Releases - 0.7 - 2.7 - 3.4

with care
Interest accrual 0.3 – 0.3
Exchange differences - 1.1 - 0.8 - 1.9
Balance at 31 December 2017 12.7 46.0 58.7

Non-current liabilities 7.8 16.0 23.8

Current liabilities 4.9 30.0 34.9
Balance at 31 December 2017 12.7 46.0 58.7

Expected withdrawals

Key developments
< 1 year 4.9 30.0 34.9

per division
2nd year 1.5 4.4 5.9
3rd year 1.1 1.4 2.5
4th year 0.8 1.8 2.6
5th year 0.5 0.3 0.8
> 5th year 3.9 8.1 12.0
Total 12.7 46.0 58.7

Sustainability
Environmental provisions
Vopak is obliged to clean up soil contamination at different locations. In general, an accurate and reliable
estimate of the provision for this environmental risk can only be made after conducting a thorough survey and
drawing up a management plan for the site, on the basis of which the governmental authorities issue an order.

The environmental provisions primarily relate to historical contaminations. Financial exposures to potential new
soil contaminations in relation to products spills are very limited. If a spill or any unwanted discharge takes
place, emergency mitigation procedures are in place at all the terminals which contain and remediate the spill
immediately, according to the Vopak Standards.

Governance, risk
At year-end 2017, the total provision for environmental liabilities amounted to EUR 12.7 million and compliance

(2016: EUR 18.4 million). The provision mainly relates to environmental liabilities at various terminals in the
divisions Netherlands, EMEA and Americas. No material additions to the environmental provision were made
during 2017.

Other provisions
The other provisions primarily relate to legal and claims-related provisions and the provisions for the LTIPs. Many
Financial Statements

of the claims-related provisions concern insured events, for which the receivable on the insurance company is
recognized separately under the Other receivables.

LTIPs
Other provisions included an amount of EUR 1.2 million (2016: EUR 7.3 million) for the LTCPs (see note 6.2),
and EUR 1.0 million (2016: EUR 7.2 million) for the cash-settled share-based payments of the LTSPs (see note
1 to the first table of note 6.2). EUR 1.5 million of the provision in relation to the LTIPs will be settled in 2018 
(2017: 11.1 million).
Additional information

The release of the provisions in connection with the LTIPs amounted to EUR 12.3 million in 2017
(2016: addition of EUR 7.3 million). Reference is also made to note 6.2.
206 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Other

Executive Board report
Per year-end 2017, EUR 37.5 million (2016: EUR 27.1 million) was recognized under the Other provisions, which
comprises primarily various smaller legal cases and claim settlements mainly in the divisions Netherlands,
EMEA and Americas, of which the larger part was related to insured events. For more information, reference
is also made to note 2.6. On balance, EUR 16.1 million (2016: EUR 10.5 million) was added for expected claims
in 2017.

Furthermore, given that the joint venture in Hainan (China) is under strategic review, the Group currently has
the intention to positively consider a future decision to provide additional funding to the terminal during 2018 for
the amount of EUR 6.3 million. This has resulted in a constructive obligation that is recognized under the other

Storing vital products

provisions as per year-end 2017 and a corresponding loss in the net finance expenses. For more information,

with care
reference is made to note 3.7.

No other individual items within the remaining provisions are considered to be individually material. The
company expects that the current cases provided for will be substantively resolved within the coming five years.

Note 8.6 Operating leases

The minimum lease payments due in respect of non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Key developments
per division
In EUR millions 2017 2016 1
Less than 1 year 56.8 65.4
Between 1 and 5 years 213.0 218.3
More than 5 years 875.5 927.0
Total 1,145.3 1,210.7
1. Revised following a reassessment of the likelihood of exercising the contractual extension options. The earlier reported total 2016 amount
was EUR 739.0 million.

Sustainability
The lease amounts due are mainly in respect of the leasehold on land and the lease of buildings. The amounts
also contain lease extension options which are legally not yet exercised, but for which management has
assessed that it is reasonably certain that these options will be exercised by the Group in the future.

In 2017, EUR 65.7 million was recognized as expenses in the statement of income relating to operating leases
and hires (2016: EUR 62.5 million).

Note 8.7 Investment commitments undertaken

The investment commitments undertaken by the Group for subsidiaries amounted to EUR 265.8 million as at

Governance, risk
and compliance
31 December 2017 (2016: EUR 106.1 million), and were primarily related to property, plant and equipment.

Note 8.8 Contingent assets and contingent liabilities

Contingencies in respect of joint ventures and associates

Joint ventures Associates Total
In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Financial Statements

Commitments to provide debt or equity funding 55.7 – 72.2 71.4 127.9 71.4
Guarantees and securities provided 114.2 123.1 89.3 – 203.5 123.1

The 2017 commitments for joint ventures and associates mainly relate to the expansion of PITSB in Pengerang
(Malaysia) and RIPET (Canada).

In 2017, guarantees and securities provided on behalf of participating interests in joint ventures and associates
Additional information

increased due to a guarantee provided for RIPET (Canada) of EUR 89.3 million, offset by a decrease in

guarantees due to the partial repayment of the loan to PT Jakarta Tank Terminal (Indonesia) and the fulfillment of
conditions precedent with respect to the loan and exchange rate effects.
207 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
The 2016 commitments for associates mainly related to the construction of the industrial terminal

Executive Board report
PT2SB in Pengerang (Malaysia).

In 2016, there was a sharp decrease in guarantees and securities provided mainly due to the cancellation of an
(indirect) financial guarantee provided for the divested joint venture Vopak Terminal Dongguan (China) for the
amount of EUR 33.2 million and due to the partial repayment of the loan to PT Jakarta Tank Terminal (Indonesia)
and the fulfillment of conditions precedent with respect to the loan for the amount of EUR 19.8 million.

The amounts of guarantees and securities can potentially be called within one year.

Storing vital products

Guarantees and securities included in ratio calculations

with care
The notional amount of guarantees and securities provided on behalf of participating interests in joint ventures
and associates, which is also included in ratios, decreased from EUR 100.4 million at 31 December 2016 to
EUR 91.6 million at 31 December 2017. Of this amount, EUR 0.1 million was recognized in the statement of
financial position (2016: EUR 0.1 million). Reference is also made to note 5.5.

Other contingencies

Environmental obligations

Key developments
The Group is exposed to risks regarding environmental obligations arising from past activities. For example, a

per division
number of sites have to be decontaminated and restored to their original condition before being handed back at
the end of the contractual period. Under current legislation, environmental plans and any other measures to be
adopted have to be agreed with local, regional and national authorities as appropriate. As soon as such plans are
approved or other legal obligations arise, a provision is formed based on the most reliable estimate possible of
future expenses. The Executive Board is of the opinion that the provisions are adequate, based on information
currently available. However, given the degree of difficulty in making estimates, this does not guarantee that no
additional costs will arise going forward.

Sustainability
Other legal proceedings and risks
As a result of its day-to-day activities, the Group is involved in a number of other legal proceedings. The
Executive Board is of the opinion that for the legal cases and risks for which no provisions have been
recognized, it is as per year-end not probable that the final outcome will result in a cash outflow, therefore
no provisions have been formed. Furthermore, as explained in the Risks and risk management section,
the Group can be held liable for any non-compliance with laws and regulations. The risks in connection
with non-compliance as well as the potential impact on the company, are disclosed in the Internal control
and risk management section of this report.

Governance, risk
and compliance
As part of divestments of terminals and assets, Vopak has provided certain customary representations and
warranties in the relevant sales purchase agreements. These representations and warranties will generally
terminate, depending on their specific features, a number of years after the relevant transaction completion
date. Based on the current facts and circumstances, management has determined that for the items for which
no provision is currently recognized, the likelihood of a cash outflow relating to these items is considered to be
remote.
Financial Statements
Additional information
208 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 8.9 Financial assets and liabilities and credit risk

Executive Board report
Financial assets and liabilities
Carrying amount Fair value
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016 2017 2016
Other financial assets 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1
Currency derivatives 13.1 149.4 13.1 149.4
Interest rate derivatives - 93.4 - 101.5 - 93.4 - 101.5

Storing vital products

Financial instruments at fair value - 79.4 49.0 - 79.4 49.0

Loans granted 8.2 28.6 14.5 28.6 14.5

with care
Trade and other receivables 4.2 253.7 224.6 253.7 224.6
Cash and cash equivalents 5.5 130.0 306.0 130.0 306.0
Finance lease receivable 8.2 29.2 30.5 29.2 30.5
Loans and receivables 441.5 575.6 441.5 575.6
Bank overdrafts and short-term borrowings 5.5 - 107.1 - 8.5 - 107.1 - 8.5
US Private Placements 5.5 - 1,315.7 - 1,832.5 - 1,365.0 - 2,030.1
JPY Private Placement 5.5 - 148.3 - 162.7 - 148.5 - 178.0

Key developments
Bank loans 5.5 - 62.6 - 65.8 - 65.9 - 69.0

per division
Credit facilities and other long-term loans 5.5 - 30.2 - 40.7 - 30.2 - 40.7
Trade creditors 4.3 - 46.1 - 43.6 - 46.1 - 43.6
Other creditors 4.3 - 96.4 - 98.5 - 96.4 - 98.5
Other financial liabilities - 1,806.4 - 2,252.3 - 1,859.2 - 2,468.4
Net at amortized cost - 1,364.9 - 1,676.7 - 1,417.7 - 1,892.8

Standby credit facility 5.5 1,056.3 1,046.1

Standby bank facility 150.0 180.0

Sustainability
Unrecognized financial instruments 1,206.3 1,226.1

Determination of fair value for financial instruments

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value for the
financial instruments. A fair value measurement is an estimate of the price that would be received upon
the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. Where available, fair value measurements are derived from quoted prices (unadjusted)
in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1). In the absence of such information, other

Governance, risk
and compliance
observable inputs, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices), are used to estimate
fair values (level 2). There were no financial instruments measured at fair value using level 3 (inputs not based
on observable market data). Inputs derived from external sources are corroborated or otherwise verified, as
appropriate. 

The fair values of the Private Placements, revolving credit facility and other long-term bank loans are measured
by discounting the future cash flows using observable market interest information (level 2) as no similar
instrument is available due to the specific profiles of the instruments. The calculations include credit spreads
Financial Statements

based on the most recent borrowing contracts. 

The fair values of interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange
contracts are determined by discounting the future cash flows using the applicable period-end observable yield
curve, taking into account credit risk and the risk of non-performance. 

In view of the short-term nature or the magnitude of the amounts, the Group considers that the fair value of
loans granted, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, bank overdrafts, credit facilities, other
Additional information

long-term loans and trade creditors are not materially different to their carrying value. 

The initial measurement at the trade date of all financial instruments is the fair value. Except for derivatives, the
initial measurement of financial instruments is adjusted for directly attributable transaction costs. 
209 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Credit risk and credit risk management

Executive Board report
Credit risk arises when a customer or other counterparty of a financial instrument fails to discharge its
contractual obligation.

Vopak’s credit risk arises primarily from loans granted, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents,
and derivative financial instruments. Vopak’s maximum exposure to credit risks is the carrying amount of these
financial assets, amounting to EUR 431.3 million (2016: EUR 675.2 million), and the credit replacing guarantees
amounting to EUR 91.6 million (2016: EUR 100.4 million). Of this amount, EUR 0.1 million was recognized in the
statement of financial position at year-end 2017 (2016: EUR 0.1 million).

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Loans granted to joint ventures and associates are not secured by collateral.

with care
The credit risk with regard to trade receivables and lease receivables is limited as the value of the product
stored for these clients usually exceeds the value of the receivables and Vopak generally has the right of
retention although other claims may have priority ranking over the right of retention in a bankruptcy case. Vopak
constantly monitors the outstanding receivables and the value of the stored products. See note 4.2 for further
details.

Vopak has spread its liquidity investments across a select group of high rated financial institutions while daily

Key developments
limiting the cash and cash equivalents within the Group and assessing the exposure to each financial institution.

per division
Vopak applies credit limits per institution, depending on their credit ratings and credit default swap spread, and
regularly reviews these limits. These treasury activities are concluded with financial institutions that have at
least an A- Standard & Poor’s credit rating. At 31 December 2017, the maximum risk in the event of the default
of a single financial institution amounted to EUR 38.7 million (2016: EUR 87.9 million).

The derivative financial instruments will be settled on a gross basis. The credit risk of derivative financial
instruments with a positive value is mitigated by ISDA Master Agreements with counterparties, which have
the option to settle all gross amounts on a net basis in the event of a default of the counterparty, and by setting

Sustainability
qualitative and financial limits for the derivative counterparties. For JPY cross-currency hedges, which have an
initial maturity of 30 years, break clauses are applicable to reduce the credit risk to a period shorter than 10 years.
The Group maintains a control system that includes the authorization, reporting and monitoring of derivative
activities including the Credit Default Swaps developments of counterparties observed on the secondary market.
Vopak believes there are no material credit risks to the Group’s financial position. At year-end 2017, the derivatives
with a counterparty credit risk amounted to EUR 19.0 million (2016: EUR 130.1 million).

Assessing the financial positions of counterparties is part of the Group’s credit management and tendering
process; however, this cannot exclude all credit risk.

Governance, risk
Note 8.10 New standards and interpretations not yet implemented and compliance

IFRS 15 - Revenue from contracts with customers

The IASB published IFRS 15 ’Revenue from contracts with customers’ in May 2014. This standard contains
principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and timing when revenue is
recognized. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods
or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those
Financial Statements

goods or services. This new standard will be effective as of 1 January 2018 and has been endorsed by the
European Union. The company finalized its assessment of the effects of this new standard in 2016. It was
concluded that the effects on the annual result will be immaterial, apart from the fact that additional disclosures
will need to be provided. Some of these detailed disclosures are already voluntarily included in note 2.3.

IFRS 9 - Financial instruments

IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments’, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets
and financial liabilities. The complete version of IFRS 9 was issued in July 2014. This new standard replaces
Additional information

the guidance in IAS 39. This new standard will be effective as of 1 January 2018 and has been endorsed by the
European Union. The company finalized its impact assessment of IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ in 2016. It
was concluded that the new hedge accounting requirements will provide more flexibility to the company as
these are more in line with the financial risk management policies of the company, but that the direct financial
effects of the new standard - including those relating to the new impairment requirements - will be immaterial.
210 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Furthermore, as per year-end 2017 the Group has a 10% share in the equity of SabTank (Saudi Arabia) for

Executive Board report
the amount of EUR 0.9 million which is classified as an investment and which was measured at cost. IFRS 9
requires that investments in equity instruments are measured at fair value and does not allow the at cost
measurement. On initial application of IFRS 9, the Group has made the irrevocable election to present all fair
value changes on this individual investment in Other comprehensive income. The fair value of this investment
amounts to EUR 9.9 million as per 1 January 2018 and will have a very limited effect on the consolidated
balance sheet of the Group.

IFRS 16 - Leases
The IASB published IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ in January 2016. IFRS 16 will require almost all leases of companies to

Storing vital products

be on the balance sheet of lessees and introduces a single income statement model which basically treats all

with care
leases as finance leases. Lessor accounting has not changed significantly. This new standard will be effective as
of 1 January 2019 and has been endorsed by the European Union. The company is in the process of completing
its impact assessment of this new standard and implementing the new requirements in its processes and
systems.

It has been concluded that in most cases the services that Vopak provides to its customers do not contain a
lease due to the absence of an identified asset. As the definition of a lease under IFRS 16 is substantially the
same as under the current lease standard IAS 17, this conclusion is the same under both standards. As such,

Key developments
Vopak does not act as a lessor for most contracts in line with the current accounting treatment.

per division
Furthermore, as the company has a large portfolio of long-term land leases and leases of other non-current assets,
the impact on the statement of financial position and the result of the company of applying the new standard is
estimated to be material from a lessee perspective. In 2017 the total operating leases expenses recognized as
operating expenses amounted to EUR 65.7 million (9% of EBITDA). The total off-balance lease commitments
amounted to EUR 1,145.3 million (22% of total assets). The 2016 comparative off-balance lease commitments
were revised following a reassessment of the likelihood of exercising the contractual extension options.  It is
expected that the Group will be able to provide a detailed update on the impact, including quantitative effects

Sustainability
and the elected transition method in the course of 2018.

Reference is also made to the presentation on the implications of IFRS 16 that was held during Vopak’s Analyst
Day on 12 December 2017, as included on the Company website (unaudited).

Change in accounting policy relating to net settlement features of share-based payments:

In 2017, aligned with the clarifications to IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’ related to the classification and
measurement of share-based payment transactions, a share-based payment award with a net settlement
feature for withholding tax obligations was treated as equity-settled in its entirety. This change is motivated by

Governance, risk
and compliance
the fact that the 2017-2019 long-term incentive plan (LTIP) contains net settlement features.

This change in accounting policy did not materially affect the financial statements. Furthermore, as the net
settlement features are only present in the LTIP 2017-2019, the change in accounting policy does not affect
awards made in earlier years.

There are no other new standards, amendments to existing standards or new IFRIC interpretations that are not
yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on the Group.
Financial Statements
Additional information
211 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 8.11 Principal subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

Executive Board report
SUBSIDIARIES

Europe, Middle East & Africa China

Vopak China Management Company Ltd.
Belgium Vopak Terminal Zhangjiagang Ltd.
Vopak Agencies Antwerpen NV Vopak Terminal Shangdong Lanshan (60%) 1
Vopak Terminal Eurotank NV 
Vopak Chemical Terminals Belgium NV India

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Vopak Terminals Kandla (CRL Terminals Pvt, Ltd.)
Germany

with care
Vopak DUPEG Terminal Hamburg GmbH Indonesia
Vopak Agency Germany GmbH PT Vopak Terminal Merak (95%)

The Netherlands Singapore

Vopak Agencies Amsterdam B.V.  Vopak Asia Pte. Ltd. 
Vopak Agencies Rotterdam B.V.  Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. (69.5%) 2
Vopak Agencies Terneuzen B.V.  Vopak Terminal Penjuru Pte. Ltd. (100%) 3
Vopak Chemicals Logistics Netherlands B.V.  Vopak Gas Terminal LLP (80%) 4

Key developments
Vopak EMEA B.V. 

per division
Vopak Europe & Africa B.V. Vietnam
Vopak Finance B.V.  Vopak Vietnam Co. Ltd.
Vopak Global IT B.V.
Vopak Global Procurement Services B.V. Americas
Vopak Global Shared Services B.V.
Vopak LNG Holding B.V.  Brazil
Vopak Nederland B.V.  Vopak Brasil S.A.
Vopak Terminal Amsterdam Westpoort B.V.  VPK Partiçipacões e Serviçoes Portuários Ltda.
Vopak Terminal Botlek B.V.  

Sustainability
Vopak Terminal Chemiehaven B.V.  Canada
Vopak Terminal Europoort B.V. Vopak Terminals of Canada Inc.
Vopak Terminal Laurenshaven B.V.  Vopak Terminals of Eastern Canada Inc.
Vopak Terminals North Netherlands B.V.
Vopak Terminal TTR B.V. Colombia
Vopak Terminal Vlaardingen B.V. Vopak Colombia S.A.
Vopak Terminal Vlissingen B.V. 
Mexico
South Africa Vopak Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Governance, risk
and compliance
Vopak Terminal Durban (Pty) Ltd. (70%)
Vopak South Africa Developments (Pty) Ltd. (70%) Panama
Vopak Panama Atlantic Inc.
Spain Terminal Atlantica de Panama S. de R.L.
Vopak Terminal Algeciras S.A. (80%)
United States
Switzerland Vopak North America Inc.
Monros AG Vopak Terminals North America Inc. 
Financial Statements

Vopak Terminal Deer Park Inc.

United Kingdom Vopak Terminal Savannah Inc. 
Vopak Holding Bacrippuls Ltd Vopak Terminal Los Angeles Inc. 
Vopak Terminal Long Beach Inc.
Asia Pacific
Venezuela
Australia Vopak Venezuela S.A.
Vopak Terminals Australia Pty Ltd.
Vopak Terminals Sydney Pty Ltd.
Vopak Terminal Darwin Pty Ltd.
Additional information

1. Vopak Terminal Penjuru Pte. Ltd. 60% ownership in Vopak Terminals Shangdong Lanshan.
2. Vopak Holding Singapore Pte. Ltd 69.5% ownership in Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd.
3. Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. 100% ownership in Vopak Terminals Penjuru Pte. Ltd.
4. Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. 80% ownership in Vopak Gas Terminal LLP.
212 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
JOINT VENTURES

Executive Board report
Europe, Middle East & Africa Americas
Estonia Brazil
AS Vopak E.O.S. (50%) Uniao-Vopak Armazens Gerais Ltda. (50%)

Germany Mexico
BALTIMAR Schiffahrt & Transport Terminal de Altamira de S. de R.L. de C.V. (60%)
Gesellschaft GmbH (50%)

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Panama
The Netherlands Payardi Terminal Company S. de R.L. (50%)

with care
Gate Terminal B.V. (50%)
MultiCore CV (25%) ASSOCIATES

Pakistan Canada
Engro Vopak Terminal Ltd. (50%) Ridley Island LPG Export GP Inc. (30%)

Spain China
Terminales Quimicos SA (Terquimsa) (50%) Zhangzhou Gulei Haiteng Jetty Investment and

Key developments
Management Co. Ltd. (30%)

per division
Sweden
Vopak Agencies Sweden A.B. (50%) Malaysia
Pengerang Terminals (Two) Sdn. Bhd. (29.7%)
United Arab Emirates
Vopak Horizon Fujairah Ltd. (33.33%) Saudi Arabia
Jubail Chemicals Storage & Services Company LLC /
Asia Pacific Chemtank (25%)

China The Netherlands

Sustainability
Vopak Terminal Ningbo Co. Ltd. (50%) Vopak Terminal Eemshaven B.V. (10%)
Vopak Shanghai Logistics Co. Ltd. (50%)  Maasvlakte Olie Terminal N.V. (16.67%)
Vopak Nanjiang Petrochemicals Terminal Tianjin Co.
Ltd. (50%)
Vopak Bohua (Tianjin) Terminal Co. Ltd. (50%) 
Tianjin Lingang Vopak Bohua Jetty Co. Ltd. (30%) 
Vopak Terminal SDIC Yangpu Co. Ltd. (49%)

Indonesia

Governance, risk
and compliance
PT Jakarta Tank Terminal (49%)

Korea
Vopak Terminals Korea Ltd. (51%)

Malaysia
Kertih Terminals Sdn. Bhd. (30%) 1
Pengerang Terminals Sdn. Bhd. (49%) 2 
Pengerang Independent Terminals Sdn. Bhd. (90%) 3
Financial Statements

Singapore
Banyan Cavern Storage Services Pte. Ltd. (45%) 4
Vopak TOS Agency Singapore Pte Ltd (50%)

Thailand
Thai Tank Terminal Ltd. (49%)
Additional information

1. Vopak Terminal Penjuru Pte. Ltd. 30% ownership in Kertih Terminals Sdn. Bhd.
2. Vopak Terminal Pengerang B.V. 49% ownership in Pengerang Terminals Sdn. Bhd.
3. Pengerang Terminals Sdn Bhd. 89.8% ownership in Pengerang Independent Terminals Sdn. Bhd.
4. Vopak Terminals Singapore Pte. Ltd. 45% ownership in Banyan Cavern Storage Services Pte. Ltd.
213 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Consolidated Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 8.12 Events after the reporting period

Executive Board report
Early 2018 Vopak reached an agreement with the labour unions and the works council regarding a new pension
plan in the Netherlands effective per 1 January 2018. The new pension plan – aimed to qualify as a defined
contribution plan under IAS19 – will be formally implemented during the first half of 2018.

Although the formal agreements relating to the new plan are still in the process of being drafted, it was
determined, based on the current facts and circumstances, that this new pension plan will most likely classify
as a defined contribution plan, as the Group will have no other obligations other than paying fixed periodic
contributions and has therefore no obligation to pay further contributions if the fund holds insufficient assets to
fund future pension payments.

Storing vital products

with care
A classification as a defined contribution plan will result in the settlement of the pension liability during 2018.
The net pension liability of the Dutch pension plan amounted to EUR 54.2 million per year-end 2017. The
settlement of the pension liability may also lead to a final funding payment to the pension fund. The expected
material gain resulting from the settlement of the pension liability will be classified as an exceptional item.
Furthermore, the pension costs recognized in the financial statements will as of 2018 equal the contributions
paid to the Dutch pension fund. The expected regular contributions to be paid to the Dutch Pension Fund in 2018
amounts to EUR 24.7 million.

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
214 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Company Financial Statements

Executive Board report
Company Statement of Income
In EUR millions Note 2017 2016
Other operating income 0.9 1.1
Total operating income 0.9 1.1
Personnel expenses 8 16.5 22.5
Other operating expenses 24.1 27.3

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Depreciation and amortization 0.8 1.1
Total operating expenses 41.4 50.9

with care
Interest and similar expenses - 101.4 - 103.1
Result before income tax - 141.9 - 152.9
Income tax 9 37.5 38.7
Share in result of subsidiaries and participations 339.8 648.2
Net profit 235.4 534.0

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
215 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Executive Board report
Company Statement of Financial Position before Profit Appropriation
In EUR millions Note 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Participating interests in group companies 2 3,384.7 3,389.2
Property, plant & equipment 8.2 8.6
Loans granted 3 660.3 876.3
Derivative financial instruments 6 16.3 94.2

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Deferred taxes 0.7 11.1
Total non-current assets 4,070.2 4,379.4

with care
Trade and other receivables 14.3 0.5
Taxes receivable – 0.5
Prepayments 0.1 0.9
Derivative financial instruments 6 0.6 34.4
Cash and cash equivalents 39.6 198.2
Total current assets 54.6 234.5
Bank overdrafts 22.5 7.9

Key developments
Interest-bearing loans 5 – 162.7

per division
Derivative financial instruments 6 1.6 2.5
Taxes payable 0.4 –
Trade and other payables 10.3 9.6
Pension and other employee benefits 7 1.0 1.2
Provisions 2.5 11.7
Total current liabilities 38.3 195.6
Current assets less current liabilities 16.3 38.9

Total assets less current liabilities 4,086.5 4,418.3

Sustainability
Interest-bearing loans 5 1,460.0 1,829.7
Derivative financial instruments 6 83.8 71.2
Pension and other employee benefits 7 55.9 107.9
Provisions 6.8 9.8
Non-current liabilities 1,606.5 2,018.6
Share capital 63.9 63.9
Share premium 194.4 194.4
Legal reserve for participating interests 4 272.5 265.0

Governance, risk
and compliance
Translation reserve - 70.9 14.8
Revaluation reserve derivatives - 119.7 - 137.6
Transaction reserve non-controlling interest 1.3 1.3
Other reserves 4 1,903.1 1,463.9
Unappropriated profit 4 235.4 534.0
Shareholders' equity 2,480.0 2,399.7

Total 4,086.5 4,418.3

Financial Statements
Additional information
216 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Notes to the Company Financial Statements

Executive Board report
Note 1. General

Koninklijke Vopak N.V. (Vopak) has its registered office in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Vopak is listed on the
Euronext Amsterdam. Vopak is the world’s leading independent tank storage provider, specialized in the storage
and handling of liquid chemicals, gases and oil products.

The company is registered at the Company Registry of the Rotterdam Chamber of Commerce under
number 24295332.

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with care
All amounts are in EUR millions, unless stated otherwise.

Accounting policies
The Company financial statements have been drawn up in accordance with Dutch law (Part 9 of Book 2 of
the Dutch Civil Code). In doing so, the company made use of the possibility to apply the accounting policies
(including the policies for the presentation of financial instruments as equity or loan capital) used in the
Consolidated financial statements to the Company financial statements, as provided in Section 362 (8) of
Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Key developments
per division
The accounting policies applied in the Company financial statements are the same as those applied in the
Consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise.

Participating interests in group companies

Interests in Group companies and other companies over which Vopak exercises control or which it manages are
carried at net asset value. The net asset value is determined by measuring the assets, provisions and liabilities
and calculating the result according to the accounting policies applied in the Consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Participating interests in Group companies

Sustainability
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Carrying amount at 1 January 3,389.2 2,882.7
Investments 19.9 0
Disposal - 1.3 0
Dividend - 220.9 - 178.0
Exchange differences - 151.7 30.8
Hedging 8.3 5.7

Governance, risk
and compliance
Unrealized actuarial gains and losses 1.4 - 0.2
Tax on unrealized actuarial gains and losses 0 0
Profit 339.8 648.2
Carrying amount at 31 December 3,384.7 3,389.2

For an overview of the investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates held (indirectly) by the
Financial Statements

company, reference is made to note 8.11 of the Consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Loans granted

In EUR millions 2017 2016
Carrying amount at 1 January 876.3 1,280.9
Loans granted 314.3 371.7
Repayments - 530.3 - 777.0
Additional information

Exchange differences – 0.7

Carrying amount at 31 December 660.3 876.3
217 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Loans granted mainly relates to various loans to subsidiaries. At 31 December 2017, loans granted did not

Executive Board report
include any subordinated loans (2016: nil).

Note 4. Shareholders’ equity

Reference is made to note 5.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for movements in the number of
shares, share capital and share premium.

The share premium can be distributed in full, free of tax.

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For the translation reserve, the revaluation reserve derivatives, the revaluation reserve assets and the

with care
transaction reserve of non-controlling interests (NCI), reference is made to note 5.2 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.

Movements in the remaining components of shareholders’ equity for 2017 and 2016 are shown in the following
tables.

Legal reserve for participating interests

Key developments
In EUR millions 2017 2016

per division
Carrying amount at 1 January 265.0 271.6
Dotation from Other reserves 7.5 –
Release to Other reserves – - 6.6
Carrying amount at 31 December 272.5 265.0

Other reserves

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Sustainability
Carrying amount at 1 January 1,463.9 1,325.0
Profit appropriation from Unappropriated profit 400.1 154.7
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans 45.4 - 26.2
Measurement of equity-settled share-based payment arrangements - 4.0 2.9
Release revaluation reserve assets – 4.7
Purchase treasury shares - 1.6 - 3.8
Sale treasury shares 3.2 –
Vested shares under equity-settled share-based payment arrangements 3.6 –

Governance, risk
and compliance
Dotation from Legal reserves – 6.6
Release to Legal reserves - 7.5 –
Carrying amount at 31 December 1,903.1 1,463.9

Unappropriated profit

In EUR millions 2017 2016

Financial Statements

Carrying amount at 1 January 534.0 282.2

Profit appropriation to Other reserves - 400.1 - 154.7
Dividend in cash - 133.9 - 127.5
Profit for the year 235.4 534.0
Carrying amount at 31 December 235.4 534.0

After adjustment for the legal reserves at 31 December 2017, a total of EUR 1,889.4 million

(2016: EUR 1,860.3 million) is freely distributable from reserves, including unappropriated profit for the year.
Additional information
218 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 5. Interest-bearing loans

Executive Board report
Nominal value > 5 years Average term Average interest
in EUR millions in EUR millions in years in %
31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16 2017 2016
Current portion 0 162.7
Non-current portion 1,460.0 1,829.7
Total 1,460.0 1,992.4 1,079.1 1,310.8 7.9 7.7 4.0 4.2

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Note 6. Derivative financial instruments

with care
31 December 2017 31 December 2016
Notional Notional
In EUR millions Maturity Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount Assets 1 Liabilities 1 amount
Forward foreign currency contracts 2 < 1 year 0.6 0.8 340.3 0.3 2.4 395.3
Total net investment hedges 0.6 0.8 340.3 0.3 2.4 395.3

Forward foreign currency contracts < 1 year – 0.8 98.8 0.2 0.1 103.4

Key developments
Cross currency swaps 3 < 1 year – – – 34.3 – 156.1

per division
Cross currency swaps 3 1-5 years 34.8 – 385.0 92.1 – 385.0
Cross currency swaps 3
> 5 years 16.7 25.5 346.3 47.7 15.7 355.4
Total cash flow hedges - currency part 51.5 26.3 830.1 174.3 15.8 999.9

Cross currency interest rate swaps 4 < 1 year – – – – 0.4 156.1

Cross currency interest rate swaps 4
1-5 years – 18.5 385.0 – 18.5 385.0
Cross currency interest rate swaps 4 > 5 years – 75.0 346.3 – 82.6 355.4
Total cash flow hedges - interest part – 93.5 731.3 – 101.5 896.5

Total derivative financial instruments 52.1 120.6 1,901.7 174.6 119.7 2,291.7

Sustainability
Currency derivative financial instruments 52.1 27.1 174.6 18.2
Interest derivative financial instruments – 93.5 – 101.5
Total derivative financial instruments 52.1 120.6 174.6 119.7
Offsetting - 35.2 - 35.2 - 46.0 - 46.0
Total 16.9 85.4 128.6 73.7

Non-current 16.3 83.8 94.2 71.2

Current 0.6 1.6 34.4 2.5

Governance, risk
and compliance
Total 16.9 85.4 128.6 73.7
1. At fair value.
2. Forward foreign currency contracts accounted for as hedges on net investments.
3. Cross currency swaps accounted for as cash flow hedges are used to hedge currency (2017: USD 771 million and JPY 15 billion;
2016: USD 971 million and JPY 16 billion) on fixed debt denominated in foreign currency.
4. Cross currency swaps are used to hedge future cash flow interest rate risks (2017: USD 771 million and JPY 15 billion;
2016: USD 971 million and JPY 16 billion) on fixed debt denominated in foreign currency.
Financial Statements
Additional information
219 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 7. Pension and other employee benefits provisions

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Present value of funded defined benefit obligation 1,136.0 1,141.3
Fair value of plan assets - 1,081.8 - 1,035.9
Total deficit of defined benefit plans 54.2 105.4
Net pension obligations under defined contribution plans 2.7 3.7
Net pension obligations recognized at 31 December 56.9 109.1

Non-current liabilities 55.9 107.9

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Current liabilities 1.0 1.2
Net pension obligations recognized at 31 December 56.9 109.1

with care
Reference is made to note 8.4 Pensions and other employee benefits which contains further information on
pensions and other employee benefits of the Netherlands.

Note 8. Personnel expenses

During the year under review, the company employed an average of 152 employees and temporary staff

Key developments
(in FTEs) (2016: 147).

per division
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Wages and salaries 21.3 21.8
Social security charges 1.3 1.4
Contribution to pension schemes (defined contribution) 2.8 2.6
Pension charges (defined benefit plans) 2.9 2.0
Long-term incentive plans - 1.0 4.8
Other personnel expenses 0.9 0.3
Recharged to group companies - 11.7 - 10.4

Sustainability
Total 16.5 22.5

Note 9. Income taxes

Royal Vopak is the head of a fiscal unity which includes almost all Dutch wholly-owned subsidiaries.
The company is therefore jointly and severally liable for the tax liabilities of the fiscal unity as a whole.
The tax expense of Royal Vopak represents the tax impact of its share in the taxable income of the fiscal
unity based on Royal Vopak’s earnings.

Governance, risk
and compliance
In EUR millions 2017 2016
Result before income tax - 141.9 - 152.9
Income tax 37.5 38.7
Effective tax rate 26.4% 25.3%

Composition: Amount % Amount %

Weighted average statutory tax rate 35.5 25.0 38.3 25.0
Financial Statements

Non-deductible expenses 0.1 0.1 - 1.3 - 0.8

Recognition of tax losses and tax credits 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.1
Effective tax (rate) 37.5 26.4 38.7 25.3

The 2017 effective tax rate of 26.4% (2016: 25.3%) deviates slightly from the applicable tax rate of 25.0% as a
result of non-deductible expenses.
Additional information
220 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Company Financial Statements

Introduction
Note 10. Remuneration of Supervisory Board members and Executive Board

Executive Board report
members

For the remuneration of the Supervisory Board members and the Executive Board members, reference is made
to the section of the remuneration report.

Note 11. Contingent liabilities

Guarantees and security provided on behalf of participating interests and third parties amounted
to EUR 206.9 million (2016: EUR 126.5 million). Guarantees and security provided on behalf of Group companies

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amounted to EUR 38.1 million (2016: EUR 40.8 million).

with care
Joint and several liability undertakings for an amount of EUR 80.0 million (2016: EUR 80.0 million) were issued
for bank credits granted to Royal Vopak. Furthermore, joint and several liability undertakings for an amount of
EUR 72.6 million (2016: EUR 75.2 million) were issued for bank credits granted to subsidiaries.

The company has filed joint and several liability undertakings (403 exemptions) for a number of its Dutch Group
companies at the office of the Company Registry in whose area of jurisdiction the Group company concerned
has its registered office. The list of interests filed at the office of the Company Registry for inspection states for
which Group companies Royal Vopak has issued joint and several liability undertakings.

Key developments
per division
The members of the Executive Board have signed the financial statements in order to comply with the statutory
obligation pursuant to article 2:101 paragraph 2 of the Dutch Civil Code and article 5:25c sub c of the Act on
Financial Supervision (Wft).

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

Sustainability
The Executive Board The Supervisory Board
E.M. Hoekstra - Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO B.J. Noteboom (Chairman)
F. Eulderink - Member of the Executive Board and COO M.F. Groot (Vice-chairman)
G.B. Paulides - Member of the Executive Board and CFO F.J.G.M. Cremers
C.J. van den Driest
H.B.B. Sørensen
R.G.M. Zwitserloot

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
221 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Executive Board declaration

Executive Board report
In-control statement
In the ‘Internal control and risk management’ paragraph, we set out in detail our risks and risk management
framework, as well as the responsibilities of the Executive Board.

The Executive Board is responsible for the design and operation of the internal risk management and control
systems and processes. In discharging this responsibility, the Executive Board has made an assessment of the
effectiveness of the design and operation of the internal control and risk management systems and processes.

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On the basis of this report and in accordance with best practice 1.4.3 of the Dutch corporate governance code of

with care
December 2016, and Article 5:25c of the Financial Supervision Act, the aforementioned assessment, the current
state of affairs and to the best of its knowledge and belief, the Executive Board confirms that:
• the internal risk management and control systems and processes of the Group provide reasonable assurance
that the financial statements give a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position, profit or loss, and cash
flows;
• there have been no material failings in the effectiveness of the internal risk management and control systems
and processes of the Group;
• there are no material risks or uncertainties that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse

Key developments
effect on the continuity of the Group’s operations in the coming twelve months; and

per division
• there is a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue its operations and meet its liabilities
for at least twelve months, therefore, it is appropriate to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the
financial statements.

Please note that our internal risk management and control systems and processes are unable to offer absolute
assurance that the strategic, operational and financial objectives will be fully achieved, or that laws and
regulations are always complied with. Furthermore, the systems and processes cannot prevent all human errors
of judgments and mistakes. It is also inherent that in business, cost-benefit assessments must be made for

Sustainability
the acceptance of risks and the implementation of controls. We continuously monitor the effectiveness of our
internal risk management and control systems and processes, and when needed these are further improved
and optimized.

Executive Board declaration

In view of all of the above, the Executive Board confirms that, to the best of its knowledge, the financial
statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group,
and the management report (‘bestuursverslag’) in this Annual Report includes a fair review of the position
at the balance sheet date and the development and performance of the business during the financial year,

Governance, risk
and compliance
together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that the company faces.

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

The Executive Board

E.M. Hoekstra - Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO
F. Eulderink - Member of the Executive Board and COO
G.B. Paulides - Member of the Executive Board and CFO
Financial Statements
Additional information
 Storing vital products Key developments Governance, risk
Introduction Executive Board report Sustainability Financial Statements Additional information
with care per division and compliance
External auditor’s reports

Assurance report of the independent auditor

with respect to the 2017 Sustainability
Information of Koninklijke Vopak N.V.
Independent auditor’s report
223 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Independent auditor’s report

Executive Board report
To the shareholders and Supervisory Board of Koninklijke Vopak N.V.

Report on the audit of the Financial Statements 2017 included in the

Annual Report

Our Opinion
We have audited the accompanying financial statements 2017 of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. (‘company’), based in
Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The financial statements include the Consolidated Financial Statements and the

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Company Financial Statements.

with care
In our opinion:
• The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report give a true and fair view
of the financial position of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. as at 31 December 2017, and of its result and its cash flows
for 2017 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union
(EU-IFRS) and with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code;
• The accompanying Company Financial Statements included in the Annual Report give a true and fair view of
the financial position of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. as at 31 December 2017, and of its result for 2017 in

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accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

per division
The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise:
• The Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2017;
• The following statements for 2017: the Consolidated Statement of Income, Comprehensive Income,
Changes in Equity and Cash Flows; and
• The notes comprising a summary of the significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

The Company Financial Statements comprise:

Sustainability
• The Company Statement of Financial Position before Profit Appropriation as at 31 December 2017;
• The Company Statement of Income for 2017; and
• The notes comprising a summary of the accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Basis for our opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Dutch law, including the Dutch Standards on Auditing. Our
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the ‘Our responsibilities for the audit of the
financial statements’ section of our report.

Governance, risk
and compliance
We are independent of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. in accordance with the EU Regulation on specific requirements
regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities, the ‘Wet toezicht accountantsorganisaties’ (Wta, Audit firms
supervision act), the ‘Verordening inzake de onafhankelijkheid van accountants bij assurance-opdrachten’ (ViO,
Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, a regulation with respect to independence) and other relevant
independence regulations in the Netherlands. Furthermore we have complied with the ‘Verordening gedrags- en
beroepsregels accountants’ (VGBA, Dutch Code of Ethics).

We believe the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Financial Statements

Materiality
Based on our professional judgment we determined the materiality for the financial statements as a whole
at EUR 18.5 million. The materiality is primarily based on 5% of profit before income tax, adjusted for certain
non-recurring items. We have also taken into account misstatements and/or possible misstatements that in our
opinion are material for the users of the financial statements for qualitative reasons.

We agreed with the Supervisory Board that uncorrected misstatements in excess of EUR 0.925 million, which
Additional information

are identified during the audit, would be reported to them, as well as smaller misstatements that in our view
must be reported on qualitative grounds.
224 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Independent auditor’s report

Introduction
Scope of the group audit

Executive Board report
Koninklijke Vopak N.V. is at the head of a group of entities. The financial information of this group is included in
the Consolidated Financial Statements of Koninklijke Vopak N.V.

Because we are ultimately responsible for the opinion, we are responsible for directing, supervising and
performing the group audit. In this respect we have determined the nature and extent of the audit procedures
to be carried out for group entities. Decisive were the size and/or the risk profile of the group entities or
operations. On this basis, we selected group entities for which an audit had to be carried out on the complete
set of financial information or specific items.

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The group’s financial statements are a combination of:

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• Consolidated reporting units, comprising the operating terminals under the group’s control and centralized
functions; and
• Unconsolidated reporting units comprised of operating terminals under joint control with unrelated parties
(joint ventures) and operating terminals where the group exercises significant influence (associates); all
accounted for under the equity method.

In establishing the overall group audit strategy and plan, we determined the type of work that needed to be
performed at the reporting units by the group engagement team, by component auditors from other Deloitte

Key developments
network firms and by component auditors from non-Deloitte network firms primarily working under our

per division
instruction at the joint ventures. Where the work was performed by component auditors, we determined the
level of involvement we needed to have in the audit work at those reporting units so as to be able to conclude
whether sufficient appropriate audit evidence had been obtained as a basis for our opinion on the group
financial statements as a whole. For each reporting unit we determined whether we required an audit of their
complete financial information or whether other procedures would be sufficient. Those where a full audit was
required included the three largest (consolidated) reporting units (Netherlands, Singapore and United States of
America), because they each make up more than 10% of the group’s revenue or underlying profits.

Sustainability
We included additional reporting units in the scope of our group audit to have audit coverage on the group’s
consolidated financial statements and to cover a geographic spread across the group’s divisions.

Audit coverage

Audit coverage of consolidated revenues: 91%

Audit coverage of group operating profit: 90%
Audit coverage of total assets: 74%

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and compliance
In addition, we performed other procedures with respect to the remaining reporting units.

The group consolidation, financial statement disclosures and a number of complex items were audited by
the group engagement team at the head office. These include impairment testing of terminal assets and
joint ventures, general IT controls, derivative financial instruments, hedge accounting, pensions and share-
based payments. The group engagement team participated in component auditor closing meetings and also
visited group entities in several countries to direct the planning, review the work undertaken and assess the
findings.
Financial Statements

By performing the procedures mentioned above at group entities, together with additional procedures
at group level, we have been able to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence about the
group’s financial information to provide an opinion about the consolidated financial statements.

Our key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our
audit of the financial statements. We have communicated the key audit matters to the Supervisory Board.
Additional information

The key audit matters are not a comprehensive reflection of all matters discussed.

These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole and in forming
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
225 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Independent auditor’s report

Introduction
Executive Board report
Impairment testing of terminal assets and joint ventures
Description Our response Our observations
The group controls a number Our impairment testing included, among others, As described in note 3.7 of the financial
of tank storage terminals with a evaluating the group’s policies and procedures, statements, the group recognized (net)
total carrying value of property, including internal controls, to identify triggering impairments in 2017 at an amount of
plant and equipment of events for potential impairment of terminal EUR 93.9 million.
EUR 3,488.1 million as per assets and joint ventures and associates.
31 December 2017 (note 3.3). The company has provided disclosures for its key
Furthermore, the group has an For the terminal locations that triggered accounting estimates in note 3.7 of the financial
interest in a number of joint management’s impairment testing, we evaluated statements which include disclosures of:

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ventures and associates, the policies and procedures regarding impairment
with a total carrying value testing, we challenged management’s primary • The uncertainties in relation to the

with care
of EUR 968.7 million as per cash flow assumptions and corroborated them by recoverable value of the group’s associate
31 December 2017 (note 3.4). comparison to commercial contracts, customer Vopak Terminal Haiteng (China);
relationship management information, available • The impairment recognized on the joint
This area is significant to our audit market reports, historic trend analyses or market venture Vopak SDIC Yangpu Terminal (China);
as the determination whether these multiples from recent tank terminal sales • The impairment recognized on the joint
assets are not carried at more than transactions in the region. venture Vopak E.O.S. (Estonia); and
their recoverable amounts is • The uncertainties with respect to the
subject to significant management Further, we involved our valuation experts to recoverable value of the group’s other
judgment. Such judgment focuses validate the weighted average cost of capital as investments.
predominantly on future cash flows, applied by the group and the appropriateness of

Key developments
which are, among others, certain assumptions in the applied value in use Based upon our procedures performed we

per division
dependent on economic conditions, calculations or, where applicable, the fair value consider management’s key assumptions
the continued attractiveness of the less cost of disposal calculations. in measuring the recoverable amount to be
terminal location for users along the reasonable, the recognized impairments are
major shipping routes and We further assessed whether the main considered to be appropriate and both the
local market circumstances assumptions and related uncertainties are management’s key assumptions and the
and is inherently surrounded appropriately reflected in the disclosures recognized impairments are appropriately
by uncertainties. in the financial statements. disclosed in the financial statements.

Report on the other information included in the Annual Report

Sustainability
In addition to the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, the annual accounts contain other
information that consists of:
• Management report;
• Supervisory Board report;
• Remuneration report; and
• Other information as required by Part 9 Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

Based on the following procedures performed, we conclude that the other information:
• Is consistent with the financial statements and does not contain material misstatements; and

Governance, risk
and compliance
• Contains the information as required by Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

We have read the other information. Based on our knowledge and understanding obtained through our audit
of the financial statements or otherwise, we have considered whether the other information contains material
misstatements.

By performing these procedures, we comply with the requirements of Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code
and the Dutch Standard on Auditing 720. The scope of the procedures performed is substantially less than the
Financial Statements

scope of those performed in our audit of the financial statements.

Management is responsible for the preparation of other information, including the management report
in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, and the other information as required by
Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
Additional information
226 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Independent auditor’s report

Introduction
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements

Executive Board report
Engagement
We were engaged by the Annual General Meeting as auditor of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. on 23 April 2014, as of the
audit for the year 2015 and have operated as statutory auditor ever since that date.

No prohibited non-audit services

We have not provided prohibited non-audit services as referred to in Article 5(1) of the EU Regulation on specific
requirements regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities.

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Description of responsibilities regarding the financial statements

with care
Responsibilities of management and the Supervisory Board for the
financial statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in
accordance with EU-IFRS and Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code. Furthermore, management is
responsible for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of the
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Key developments
As part of the preparation of the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the company’s

per division
ability to continue as a going concern. Based on the financial reporting framework mentioned, management
should prepare the financial statements using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either
intends to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Management should disclose events and circumstances that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability
to continue as a going concern in the financial statements.

The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the company’s financial reporting process.

Sustainability
Our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objective is to plan and perform the audit assignment in a manner that allows us to obtain sufficient and
appropriate audit evidence for our opinion.

Our audit has been performed with a high, but not absolute, level of assurance, which means we may not
detect all material errors and fraud during the audit.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,

Governance, risk
and compliance
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these
financial statements. The materiality affects the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and the
evaluation of the effect of identified misstatements on our opinion.

For an overview of our responsibilities we refer to NBA’s website https://www.nba.nl/Vaktechniek/Verklaringen/

voorbeeldverklaringen-voorbeeldbrieven/ (Standard texts auditor’s report).

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

Financial Statements

Deloitte Accountants B.V.

Signed on the original: M.J. van der Vegte
Additional information
227 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Assurance report of the independent auditor with

Executive Board report
respect to the 2017 Sustainability Information of
Koninklijke Vopak N.V.
To the shareholders and Supervisory Board of Koninklijke Vopak N.V.

Our Conclusion
We have reviewed the 2017 Sustainability Information included in the chapter ‘Sustainability’in the 2017 Annual Report
(“sustainability information”) of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. at Rotterdam. A review is aimed at obtaining a limited level of

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assurance.

with care
Based on our procedures performed nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the
sustainability information does not present, in all material respects, a reliable and adequate view of:
• the policy and business operations with regard to sustainability; and
• the thereto related events and achievements for the year 2017

in accordance with the Sustainability Reporting Standards Comprehensive option of the Global Reporting Initiative
(GRI Standards as published in 2016) and the applied supplemental reporting criteria as disclosed in the chapter

Key developments
‘Sustainability, Basis of preparation’ in the 2017 Annual Report.

per division
The sustainability information consists of performance information regarding Occupational health and safety,
Process safety, Talent, Diversity, Emissions, Pollution (spills) and Business ethics and integrity.

The sustainability information consists of performance information regarding Occupational health and safety, Process
safety, Talent attraction and retention, Diversity, Emissions, Spills to soil, groundwater, surface and sewage water,
Application of best practices, (Cyber) security threats, Business ethics and integrity and Financial performance.

Basis for our conclusion

Sustainability
We have performed our review on the sustainability information in accordance with Dutch law, including
Dutch Standard 3810N ‘Assurance-opdrachten inzake maatschappelijke verslagen’ (Assurance engagements relating
to sustainability reports) which is a specified Dutch Standard that is based on the International Standard on Assurance
Engagements (ISAE) 3000 ‘Assurance Engagements other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information’.
This assurance engagement is aimed at obtaining limited assurance. Our responsibilities under this standard are
further described in the section ‘Our responsibilities for the review of the sustainability information’.

We are independent of Koninklijke Vopak N.V. in accordance with the EU Regulation on specific requirements

Governance, risk
and compliance
regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities, the ‘Wet toezicht accountantsorganisaties’ (Wta, Audit firms
supervision act), the ‘Verordening inzake de onafhankelijkheid van accountants bij assurance-opdrachten’ (ViO, Code
of Ethics for Professional Accountants, a regulation with respect to independence) and other relevant independence
regulations in the Netherlands. Furthermore we have complied with the ‘Verordening gedrags- en beroepsregels
accountants’ (VGBA, Dutch Code of Ethics).

We believe that the assurance evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our
conclusion.
Financial Statements

Responsibilities of management and the Supervisory Board for the sustainability

information
Management is responsible for the preparation of the sustainability information in accordance with the GRI Standards
(Comprehensive option) and the applied supplemental reporting criteria as disclosed in the chapter ‘Sustainability, Basis
of preparation’ in the 2017 Annual Report, including the identification of stakeholders and the definition of material
matters. The choices made by the management board regarding the scope of the sustainability information and the
reporting policy are in the chapter ‘Sustainability, Basis of preparation’ in the 2017 Annual Report.
Additional information

Management is also responsible for such internal controls as management determines is necessary to enable the
preparation of the sustainability information that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the company’s reporting process.

228 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Assurance report of the independent auditor

Introduction
Our responsibilities for the review of the sustainability information

Executive Board report
Our responsibility is to plan and perform the assurance engagement in a manner that allows us to obtain
sufficient and appropriate assurance evidence for our conclusion.

Procedures performed in an assurance engagement to obtain a limited level of assurance are aimed to

determining the plausibility of information and are less extensive than a reasonable assurance engagement.
The level of assurance obtained in assurance engagements with a limited level of assurance is therefore
substantially less than the assurance obtained in audit engagements.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or errors and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,

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they could reasonably be expected to influence the decisions of users taken on the basis of the sustainability

with care
information. The materiality affects the nature, timing and extent of our review procedures and the evaluation of
the effect of identified misstatements on our conclusion.

We apply the ‘Nadere voorschriften accountantskantoren ter zake van assurance opdrachten (RA/AA)
(Regulations for professional accountants practices on assurance engagements) and accordingly maintain a
comprehensive system of quality control including documented policies and procedures regarding compliance
with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Key developments
We have exercised professional judgment and have maintained professional scepticism throughout the review,

per division
in accordance with the Dutch Standard 3810N, ethical requirements and independence requirements.

Our review engagement included:

• Performing an external environment analysis and obtaining insight into relevant social themes and issues,
and the characteristics of the organisation.
• Evaluating the appropriateness of the reporting policy and its consistent application, including the evaluation
of the results of the stakeholders’ dialog and the reasonableness of management’s estimates.
• Evaluating the design and implementation of the reporting systems and processes related to the

Sustainability
sustainability information.
• Reviewing internal and external documentation to determine whether the information as included in the
sustainability information, including the presentation and assertions made, is adequately supported.
• Interviewing management (or relevant staff) at group level responsible for the sustainability strategy and
policy.
• Interviewing relevant staff responsible for providing the information in the sustainability information, carrying
out internal control procedures on the data and consolidating the data in the sustainability information.
• An analytical review of the data and trends submitted for consolidation at corporate level.
• Visits to terminals to validate source data and to evaluate the design and implementation of internal control

Governance, risk
and compliance
and validation procedures.
• Assessing whether the Report has been prepared in accordance with the Sustainability Reporting Standards
Comprehensive option of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI Standards as published in 2016).

We communicated with the Supervisory Board regarding, among other matters, the planned scope, timing and
outcome of the review.

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

Financial Statements

Deloitte Accountants B.V.

Signed on the original: M.J. van der Vegte
Additional information
 Introduction
Additional
information

Executive Board report
Non-IFRS proportionate financial information
Profit Appropriation

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Stichting Vopak

with care
Principal company officers at 15 February 2018
Five-year consolidated summary
Glossary

Key developments
Contact us

per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
230 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Non-IFRS proportionate financial information

Executive Board report
(unaudited)
Proportionate information

Basis of preparation

Vopak provides Non-IFRS proportionate financial information -excluding exceptional items- in response to

requests by multiple investors to provide additional operational performance insights on a comparable basis

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for subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates. In this disclosure, the joint ventures and associates and the

with care
subsidiaries with non-controlling interests are consolidated based on the economic ownership interests of the
Group in these entities.

In the tables in this section, we provide the proportionate financial information for the statement of income,
the statement of financial position, and the segment information for each of our reportable segments.
Where applicable, we show a reconciliation with our IFRS figures in order to create comparability with the
proportionate information. Other information is based on the same principles as applied for the proportionate
financial information.

Key developments
per division
Definition of CFROGA

In order to assess the performance trend of its operations, the company also calculates the
‘Cash Flow Return on Gross Assets’ (CFROGA). CFROGA is defined as EBITDA minus the statutory income
tax charge on EBIT divided by the average historical investment (gross assets). 

Cash Flows are determined based on EBITDA from which the statutory income tax charges are subsequently
subtracted. The year-to-date cash flows are annualized for all quarters except Q4. 

Sustainability
Gross Assets are based on the carrying amount of non-current assets, excluding loans granted, and are grossed
up by means of adding back the accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment. Subsequently, the
net trade working capital (trade debtors minus trade creditors) is added. Balances related to assets under
construction are excluded from the gross assets. The average historical investment is based on the quarter-end
balances in the measurement period relevant to the quarter to which the CFROGA relates.

Statement of income

Governance, risk
and compliance
2017 2016
Effects Effects
Exclusion propor- Propor- Exclusion propor- Propor-
excep- tionate tionate excep- tionate tionate
IFRS tional consoli- consoli- IFRS tional consoli- consoli-
In EUR millions figures items dation dated figures items dation dated
Revenues 1,305.9 – 293.6 1,599.5 1,346.9 – 305.3 1,652.2
Net operating expenses - 652.6 1.4 - 92.9 - 746.9 - 377.9 270.5 - 86.9 - 735.3
Results of joint ventures and associates 44.1 - 67.2 - 111.3 – 59.9 - 63.9 - 123.8 –
Financial Statements

Impairment - 2.1 - 2.1 – – - 5.7 - 5.7 – –

Group operating profit before depreciation
and amortization (EBITDA) 695.3 - 67.9 89.4 852.6 1,023.2 200.9 94.6 916.9
Depreciation and amortization - 272.8 – - 70.4 - 343.2 - 263.9 – - 72.9 - 336.8
Group operating profit (EBIT) 422.5 - 67.9 19.0 509.4 759.3 200.9 21.7 580.1
Net finance costs - 122.0 - 23.5 - 34.8 - 133.3 - 107.2 – - 39.8 - 147.0
Income tax - 25.3 39.4 - 24.0 - 88.7 - 72.5 6.8 - 27.7 - 107.0
Net profit 275.2 - 52.0 - 39.8 287.4 579.6 207.7 - 45.8 326.1
Additional information

Non-controlling interests - 39.8 – 39.8 – - 45.6 0.2 45.8 –

Net profit owners of parent 235.4 - 52.0 – 287.4 534.0 207.9 – 326.1
231 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Non-IFRS proportionate financial information

Introduction
Statement of financial position

Executive Board report
31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16
Effects Effects
propor- Propor- propor- Propor-
tionate tionate tionate tionate
IFRS consoli- consoli- IFRS consoli- consoli-
In EUR millions figures dation dated figures dation dated
Non-current assets
(excl. joint ventures and associates) 3,732.7 1,706.8 5,439.5 3,882.3 1,918.7 5,801.0
Joint ventures and associates 968.7 - 968.7 – 1,091.7 - 1,091.7 –

Storing vital products

Current assets 413.1 276.2 689.3 608.0 277.6 885.6
Total assets 5,114.5 1,014.3 6,128.8 5,582.0 1,104.6 6,686.6

with care
Non-current liabilities 1,977.5 989.0 2,966.5 2,452.8 1,075.0 3,527.8
Current liabilities 501.1 181.3 682.4 570.2 188.9 759.1
Total liabilities 2,478.6 1,170.3 3,648.9 3,023.0 1,263.9 4,286.9

Equity attributable to owners of parent 2,480.0 – 2,480.0 2,399.7 – 2,399.7

Non-controlling interests 155.9 - 155.9 – 159.3 - 159.3 –
Total equity 2,635.9 - 155.9 2,480.0 2,559.0 - 159.3 2,399.7

Key developments
per division
Other information
2017 2016
EBITDA margin -excluding exceptional items- 52.9% 55.1%
Cash Flow Return On Gross Assets (CFROGA) 9.1% 10.2%
Occupancy rate subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates 90% 94%
Service, maintenance, compliance and IT capex (in EUR million) 245.2 275.9

Sustainability
Segment information -excluding exceptional items-

Group operating
Revenues EBITDA profit (EBIT)
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016
Netherlands 476.6 508.6 249.7 291.4 140.2 183.5
Europe, Middle East & Africa 272.3 289.9 129.4 147.5 63.8 84.1
Asia 441.9 461.4 279.5 298.7 192.2 209.0

Governance, risk
and compliance
of which Singapore 184.9 194.7 132.7 141.0 105.0 112.3
of which China 99.4 106.0 59.9 66.8 29.1 35.1
Americas 288.1 275.4 129.2 120.0 82.3 75.2
of which United States 167.1 171.3 81.4 80.2 56.2 55.3
LNG 118.8 115.4 92.9 89.7 68.8 65.5
Global functions, corporate activities and others 1.8 1.5 - 28.1 - 30.4 - 37.9 - 37.2
Total excluding exceptional items 1,599.5 1,652.2 852.6 916.9 509.4 580.1
Financial Statements

Net interest-bearing debt

In EUR millions 31-Dec-17 31-Dec-16

Non-current portion of interest-bearing loans 2,427.2 2,865.9
Current portion of interest-bearing loans 88.3 257.5
Total interest-bearing loans 2,515.5 3,123.4
Short-term borrowings 84.0 3.0
Bank overdrafts 27.1 8.2
Additional information

Cash and cash equivalents - 286.8 - 457.7

Net interest-bearing debt 2,339.8 2,676.9
232 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Profit Appropriation

Executive Board report
Articles of Association Provisions Governing Profit Appropriation

The Articles of Association provisions governing profit appropriation are contained in Articles 19 and 27.

The relevant paragraphs of these articles are as follows:

Article 19.2.
In the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders:

Storing vital products

b. the annual accounts as prepared by the management board will be presented to the general meeting for

with care
adoption and the allocation of profits will – with due observance of the provisions of article 27 – be determined.

Article 27.12.
The profits remaining after application of the previous paragraphs shall be at the free disposal of the
general meeting, with due observance of the fact that no dividend can be distributed when, at the time of the
distribution, the dividend reserve finance preference shares has a positive balance and furthermore provided
that no further distributions shall be made on the anti-takeover preference shares and the finance preference
shares and no profits shall be (further) reserved for the account of the finance preference shares.

Key developments
per division
Proposed Profit Appropriation

The proposal to the Annual General Meeting will be to distribute a dividend in cash of EUR 1.05
(2016: EUR 1.05 in cash) per ordinary share, with a nominal value of EUR 0.50. Provided that
the Annual General Meeting adopts the financial statements, the dividend for the 2017 financial year
will be made payable on 25 April 2018.

Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
233 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Stichting Vopak

Executive Board report
The objectives of Stichting Vopak, established in Rotterdam, are to promote the interests of Koninklijke
Vopak N.V. (Royal Vopak) and all those involved with the company and any of its affiliated companies in order
to safeguard, among other things, Royal Vopak’s and these companies’ continuity and/or identity and/or
independence.

During the year 2017, the Board of Stichting Vopak met twice. At these meetings, it discussed the protection
of Vopak and its effectiveness, the composition of the members of the Board of Stichting Vopak as well as
the financing of Stichting Vopak. Furthermore, the Board of Stichting Vopak was briefed by the Chairman of

Storing vital products

the Executive Board of Royal Vopak on developments in the company. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board

with care
attended these meetings as an observer.

The current members of the Board of Stichting Vopak are:

• Mr A. Schaberg, Chairman
• Ms A.P. Aris
• Mr J.H.M. Lindenbergh

No cumulative protective preference shares in Royal Vopak had been issued at the date of the statement of

Key developments
financial position.

per division
Protective preference shares will be issued if Stichting Vopak exercises its option right. On 18 October 1999, the
AGM decided to grant the right to Stichting Vopak to acquire protective preference shares to a maximum
amount of the full nominal value of the share capital issued to third parties in the form of ordinary and financing
preference shares, less the nominal value of one ordinary share. Royal Vopak and Stichting Vopak have specified
their mutual relationship with regard to the option in an option agreement dated 1 November 1999, which was
amended on 5 May 2004 in such a manner that the original put option granted to Royal Vopak was cancelled.

Sustainability
On 17 September 2013, the EGM resolved to increase the right of Stichting Vopak to acquire cumulative
preference shares in such a way that the right to acquire cumulative preference shares is related to all shares
in the share capital of Vopak issued to third parties at such time, less one ordinary share. Pursuant to this
Royal Vopak and Stichting Vopak amended the option agreement accordingly on 17 September 2013.

The Board of Stichting Vopak decides independently whether and when there is a need to exercise its option
right for the issue of protective preference shares to Stichting Vopak.

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

Governance, risk
Stichting Vopak and compliance

Declaration of independence

In the opinion of the Board of Stichting Vopak and the Executive Board of Royal Vopak, Stichting Vopak is
independent as meant by Section 5:71(1c) of the Financial Supervision Act.
Financial Statements

Rotterdam, 15 February 2018

Stichting Vopak Koninklijke Vopak N.V. (Royal Vopak)

Additional information
234 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Principal company officers at 15 February 2018

Executive Board report
Europe & Africa Joint ventures and associates

Division management Ian Cochrane - SabTank, Saudi Arabia

Say Huat Law - Vopak Horizon Fujairah, UAE
Jan Bert Schutrops - Division President Syed Mohammad Ali - Engro Vopak, Pakistan
Cees de Greve -  Commercial & Business Development Abdullah Al-Fardan - Jubail Chemicals Storage and
Age Reijenga - Operations & Technology Services Company (Chemtank), Saudi Arabia

Storing vital products

René van Tatenhove - Finance & Control Theerapol Muenpakdee - Thai Tank Terminal, Thailand

with care
Edwin Taal - Human Resources Wilfred Lim - Pengerang Independent Terminals, Malaysia
Aqeel Hussain - Pengerang Terminals 2, Malaysia
Business units  

Walter Moone - Rotterdam Botlek, The Netherlands China & North Asia
Janhein van den Eijnden - Rotterdam Europoort, The
Netherlands Division management
Ard Huisman - Vlaardingen, The Netherlands

Key developments
Ramon Ernst - North Netherlands Yan Chen -  Division President  

per division
Tjeerd van der Voorn - Agencies Chen Peng - Commercial & Business Development
Ian Ter Haar - Vlissingen, The Netherlands Mike Lai - Operations & Technology 
Dick Meurs - Belgium Ferry Lupescu - Finance & Control 
Jos Steeman - Germany Whitney Wu - Human Resources
Paul Cox - South Africa
Peter van der Brug - Algeciras, Spain Business units

Yulin Yuan - Zhangjiagang, China

Joint ventures and associates

Sustainability
Edwin Hui - Lanshan, China
Patrick Trinh - Vietnam
Arnout Lugtmeijer - Vopak E.O.S., Estonia 
Eduardo Sanudo - Terquimsa, Spain Joint ventures and associates

Jeremy Pei - Vopak SDIC Terminal Yangpu, China

Asia & Middle East Bo Teng - Zhangzhou Gulei Haiteng Terminals, China
Xiaomei Liu - Tianjin Lingang, China
Division management Buu Dinh - Caojing Shanghai, China

Governance, risk
and compliance
George Wang - Ningbo, China
Dick Richelle - Division President J.I. Lee - Ulsan, Korea
Casper Pieper - Commercial & Business Development
Niek Verbree - Operations & Technology 
K.P. Aldridge - Finance & Control Americas
Mariah Ismail - Human Resources
Division management
Business units
Financial Statements

Boudewijn Siemons - Division President

Fulco van Geuns - Australia  Ralf van der Ven - Commercial & Business Development
Wilfred Lim - Malaysia Jeffrey Tan - Operations & Technology 
Tan Soo Koong - Singapore Wim Samlal - Finance & Control  
Deepak Dalvi - India Hernán Rein - Human Resources 
Lars Schaumann - Indonesia
Additional information
235 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Principal company officers at 15 February 2018

Introduction
Executive Board report
Business units Global staff

Chris Robblee - Gulf Coast, United States Wim Bloks - Sourcing & Procurement 
Mike LaCavera - West Coast, United States Leo Brand -  Information Technology
Charles Bradley - East Coast, United States Michiel van Cortenberghe - Control & Business Analysis
Ignacio González - Canada Michiel Gilsing - Commercial & Business Development
Christian Pérez - Mexico  Elsbeth Janmaat - Human Resources

Storing vital products

Michael Mulford - Venezuela  Anne-Marie Kroon - Tax

with care
Michael Mulford - Colombia  Patrick van der Voort - Operations & Technology 
Sjoerd Bazen - Brazil Dick Meurs - Moves IT Program
Alvaro Perez - Panama Katie Slipper - Internal Audit
Peter Paul Smid - Legal Affairs & Corporate Secretary
Marjan Groeneveld - Treasury 
LNG René Wiezer - Insurance
Karen Beuk - Communication & Investor Relations
Division management

Key developments
per division
Kees van Seventer - Division President
Jarmo Stoopman - General Manager
Ton Floors - Commercial & Business Development
Michaël Naert - Operations & Technology 
Joost Ketelaars - Finance & Control  

Joint Ventures

Sustainability
Rolf Brouwer - Gate Terminal, The Netherlands
David Lozano - LNG Terminal Altamira, Mexico

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
236 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Five-year consolidated summary

Executive Board report
In EUR millions 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013

Consolidated abridged statement of income

Revenues 1,306 1,347 1,386 1,323 1,295
Other operating income 23 303 106 26 27
Total operating income 1,329 1,650 1,492 1,349 1,322
Operating expenses - 676 - 681 - 737 - 676 - 673
Depreciation and amortization - 273 - 264 - 256 - 239 - 217

Storing vital products

Impairment -2 -6 -4 - 40 - 21
Total operating expenses - 951 - 951 - 997 - 955 - 911

with care
Operating profit 378 699 495 394 411
Result of joint ventures and associates 44 60 54 74 123
Group operating profit (EBIT) 422 759 549 468 534
Net finance costs - 122 - 107 - 105 - 90 - 105
Profit before income tax 300 652 444 378 429
Income tax - 25 - 72 - 117 - 83 - 68
Net profit 275 580 327 295 361

Key developments
Non-controlling interests - 40 - 46 - 45 - 45 - 42

per division
Net profit owners of parent 235 534 282 250 319
Net profit holders of financing preference shares – – – -3 -6
Net profit holders of ordinary shares 235 534 282 247 313

Consolidated abridged statement of income

excluding exceptional items
Operating profit 379 435 451 436 431
Result of joint ventures and associates 111 123 104 87 105
Group operating profit (EBIT) 490 558 555 523 536

Sustainability
Net finance costs - 98 - 107 - 103 - 90 - 102
Profit before income tax 392 451 452 433 434
Income tax - 65 - 79 - 82 - 91 - 74
Net profit 327 372 370 342 360
Non-controlling interests - 40 - 46 - 45 - 45 - 42
Net profit owners of parent 287 326 325 297 318
Net profit holders of financing preference shares – – – -3 -6
Net profit holders of ordinary shares 287 326 325 294 312

Governance, risk
and compliance
Consolidated abridged statement of financial position
Intangible assets 149 146 90 92 68
Property, plant and equipment 3,488 3,553 3,496 3,622 3,307
Financial assets 1,019 1,138 1,108 1,001 826
Deferred tax 5 15 14 53 20
Other 41 122 148 47 41
Total non-current assets 4,702 4,974 4,856 4,815 4,262
Financial Statements

Total current assets 413 608 641 593 561

Total assets 5,115 5,582 5,497 5,408 4,823

Total equity 2,636 2,559 2,160 1,903 1,928

Total non-current liabilities 1,978 2,453 2,762 2,775 2,320
Total current liabilities 501 570 575 730 575
Total liabilities 2,479 3,023 3,337 3,505 2,895
Total equity and liabilities 5,115 5,582 5,497 5,408 4,823
Additional information
237 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Glossary

Executive Board report
3YMP CEO
Three-Year Maintenance Program Chief Executive Officer, the highest ranking executive
with the overall responsibility for the organization
AFM
Dutch Authority for Financial Markets CFO
Chief Financial Officer, member of the Executive
AGM Board, specifically charged with Finance
Annual General Meeting

Storing vital products

CFROGA - Cash Flow Return on Gross Assets

with care
API RP 754 Before Interest and After Tax
American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice The ‘Cash Flow Return on Gross Assets’ is defined
754, Process Safety Performance Indicators for the as EBITDA -excluding exceptional items- minus
Refining and Petrochemical Industries the statutory income tax charge on EBIT divided by
the average historical investment (gross assets).
ARA Region This measure is used by the company to assess the
Port area of the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and cash-flow based performance trend of its operations
Antwerp

Key developments
CO2

per division
Assure program Carbon dioxide
Focuses on the prevention of major accidents and
minimizing the consequences if such accidents would COBIT
occur Control Objectives for Information and related
Technology is a framework for the governance and
Audit Committee management of enterprise IT
Committee within the Supervisory Board that assists
the Supervisory Board in performing the supervisory COO

Sustainability
tasks relating to, among other things, the integrity of Chief Operating Officer, member of the Executive
the financial statements, the financial reporting, the Board, specifically charged with Operations &
internal audit procedures and the relationship with Technology
and the independence of the external auditors
COP23
Biofuels/Biodiesel The 2017 United Nations Climate Change
Products of vegetable origin or from animal fats that Conference (‘COP 23’), held in Bonn, Germany, from
are added to gasoline or diesel 6 to 18 November 2017. It was the 23rd Conference
of the Parties (‘COP’) to the 1992 United Nations

Governance, risk
and compliance
Brownfield Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Expansion of an existing terminal
Corporate Governance
Capex The manner in which the company is managed and
Capital expenditure the supervision of management is structured

Capital employed COSO

Total assets less current liabilities, excluding assets Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Financial Statements

and current liabilities not related to operational Treadway Commission, an international organization
activities whose aim is to create a model for information on
and management of business risks
Cbm
Cubic meter CRSA
Control Risk Self-Assessment
CCIRS
Cross-currency interest rate swap
Additional information

CDI-T
The Chemical Distribution Institute audit protocol for
Terminals
238 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Glossary

Introduction
DMA the other items, the Group considers an event

Executive Board report
Disclosures on Management Approach exceptional when the effect exceeds the threshold of
EUR 10.0 million
DNB
De Nederlandsche Bank (Dutch Central Bank) FSRU
Floating Storage Regasification Unit
DMCSA
Divisional Monitoring Controls Self-Assessment FTE
Full-time equivalent
EBIT - Earnings Before Interest and Tax

Storing vital products

Net income, before income taxes, and before net GDP

with care
finance costs. This performance measure is used by Gross domestic product
the company to evaluate the operating performance
of its operating entities GHG
Greenhouse gases
EBITDA - Earnings Before Interest, Tax,
Depreciation and Amortization Greenfield
Net income, before income taxes, before net finance Building a new terminal on undeveloped land
cost, and before amortization and depreciation

Key developments
expenses. EBITDA is a rough accounting approximate GRI

per division
of gross cash flows generated. This measure is used Global Reporting Initiative (for more information visit
by the company to evaluate the financial performance www.globalreporting.org)
of its operating entities
Gross Assets / Gross capital employed
EGM Gross Assets are based on the carrying amount of
Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders non-current assets, excluding loans granted, and are
grossed up by means of adding back the accumulated
EMEA depreciation, amortization and impairment.

Sustainability
Vopak division Europe, Middle East & Africa Subsequently, the net trade working capital (trade
debtors minus trade creditors) is added. Balances
EPS related to assets under construction are excluded
Earnings per share from the gross assets. The average historical
investment is based on the quarter-end balances
ERM in the measurement period relevant to the quarter
Enterprise Risk Management concerned

ERP HR

Governance, risk
and compliance
Emergency Response Plan Human Resources

EU Hub
European Union Regional storage and transport center

Exceptional items IAS

A limited set of events pre-defined by the company International Accounting Standards
which are not reflective of the normal business of
Financial Statements

the company and which are exceptional by nature ICT

from a management perspective. These exceptional Information and Communication Technology
items include impairments, reversed impairments,
additions to and releases from provisions for IFRS
restructuring, results on assets sold, gains on the sale International Financial Reporting Standards
of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, any
other provisions being formed or released and any IMO
significant change in estimates International Maritime Organization
Additional information

The Group does not apply a threshold for IPCC

impairments, reversal of impairments, disposal Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
of investments and discontinued operations. For
239 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Glossary

Introduction
IRS NOx

Executive Board report
Interest Rate Swap NOx is a generic term for mono-nitrogen oxides NO
and NO2 (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide)
ISDA
International Swaps and Derivatives Association NPS
Net Promoter Score; a method of measuring the
ISPS strength of customer loyalty for an organization
International Ship and Port Security Code mandated
by the United States N.R.
Not reported

Storing vital products

ISPT

with care
Institute for Sustainable Process Technology OCI
Other comprehensive income
IT/ OT
Information Technology/ Operational Technology OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
LNG Development 
Liquefied Natural Gas
Other information

Key developments
LPG The ‘Other information’ (‘overige gegevens’), within

per division
Liquefied Petroleum Gas the meaning of section 2:392 of the Dutch Civil Code,
comprises the chapters External auditor’s reports,
LTI the Profit Appropriation and Stichting Vopak
Lost Time Injury
PDH
LTIP Propane dehydrogenation 
Long-term incentive plan
PP

Sustainability
LTIR Private placement, US Private placement (USPP),
Lost Time Injury Rate; number of accidents entailing Asian Private Placement (APP)
absence from work per 200,000 hours worked (of
own personnel and contractors at subsidiaries, joint PSER
ventures and associates) Process safety incidents per 200,000 hours worked
for own personnel and contractors
LTSP
Long-term share plan Q.R.
Qualitative reporting

Governance, risk
and compliance
Management Report
The ‘Management report’ (‘bestuursverslag’), within RCF
the meaning of section 2:391 of the Dutch Civil Revolving credit facility
Code, comprises the chapters CEO statement up to
and including Internal control and risk management, ROCE - Return On Capital Employed Before
with the exception of the chapters Supervisory Interest and Tax
Board members, Supervisory Board report and EBIT -excluding exceptional items- as a percentage
Remuneration report of the average capital employed. This performance
Financial Statements

measure is used by the company to assess the

ME2 profitability and the efficiency of its operations in
Vopak’s Maintenance Management System relation to the capital employed

MLO ROE - Return On Equity After Interest and Tax

My Learning Operations Net income -excluding exceptional items- as a
percentage of the average equity employed. This
NCI performance measure is used by the company to
Additional information

Non-controlling interest assess the return that the company generates with
the equity funds provided by its shareholders
NGO
Non-governmental organization SDG
Sustainable Development Goal
240 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Glossary

Introduction
Shale gas

Executive Board report
A natural gas formed as a result of being trapped
within shale formations

SHE
Safety, Health and Environment

SOx
SOx refers to all sulphur oxides, the two major ones
being sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3)

Storing vital products

with care
THA
Terminal Health Assessment

Throughput
Volume of a product handled by a terminal in a given
period, calculated as (in + out)/2

TIR

Key developments
Total number of injuries per 200,000 hours worked

per division
(own personnel)

UN
United Nations

US
United States

Sustainability
VKCF
Vopak Key Control Framework

VLCC
Very Large Crude Carrier

VOC
Volatile Organic Compound

Governance, risk
and compliance
VPM
Vopak Project Management Financial Statements
Additional information
241 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017  |  Glossary

Introduction
Cover page Page 49

Executive Board report
Storing vital products with care Overview
Pengerang Independent Terminals
(Malaysia)

Page 8 Page 50
Profile, mission & strategy Netherlands
Vopak Terminal Europoort Vopak Terminal Europoort
(the Netherlands) (the Netherlands)

Storing vital products

with care
Page 20 Page 52
Business environment Europe, Middle East & Africa
Vopak Singapore - Banyan Terminal Vopak Horizon Fujairah
(Singapore) (United Arab Emirates)

Page 23 Page 54

Key developments
Financial performance Asia

per division
Vopak Terminal Vlaardingen Vopak Singapore - Banyan Terminal
(the Netherlands) (Singapore)

Page 29 Page 56
Leading assets in leading Americas
locations Ridley Island Propane Export
Vopak Terminal Vlissingen Terminal

Sustainability
(the Netherlands) (Canada)

Page 34 Page 58
Operational leadership LNG
Vopak Horizon Fujairah Gate Terminal
(United Arab Emirates) (the Netherlands)

Page 40 Page 63

Governance, risk
and compliance
Service leadership Business to society
Vopak Terminal TTR Vopak Shanghai - Caojing Terminal
(the Netherlands) (China)

Page 42 Page 244

Technology leadership Contact us
Vopak Terminal Europoort Vopak Global head office
Financial Statements

(the Netherlands) (the Netherlands)

Page 44
People leadership
Vopak Terminal Terquimsa
Tarragona
(Spain)
Additional information
242 | Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017 

Introduction
Contact us

Executive Board report
Storing vital products
with care
Key developments
per division
Royal Vopak
Global Communication & Investor Relations Media contact
Telephone: +31 (0)10 400 2911 Liesbeth Lans
Email: global.communication@vopak.com Telephone: +31 (0)10 400 2777
Email: liesbeth.lans@vopak.com

Visiting address Investor Relations contact

Sustainability
Westerlaan 10 Laurens de Graaf
3016 CK Rotterdam Telephone: +31 (0)10 400 2776
The Netherlands Email: laurens.de.graaf@vopak.com

Postal address Sustainability contact

P.O. Box 863 Willem van der Zon
3000 AW Rotterdam Telephone: +31 (0)10 400 2561
The Netherlands Email: willem.van.der.zon@vopak.com

Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
243 |  Vopak  |  Annual Report 2017

Introduction
Credits

Executive Board report
Consultancy, concept and design
DartGroup, Amsterdam

Technical realization
DartGroup, Amsterdam

Photography of the Executive Board

Storing vital products

Arno Massee Photography

with care
Martin Dijkstra

Key developments
per division
Sustainability
Governance, risk
and compliance
Financial Statements
Additional information
Royal Vopak
Westerlaan 10
3016 CK Rotterdam
P.O.Box 863
3000 AW Rotterdam
The Netherlands

Telephone: +31 10 400 29 11

Email: global.communication@vopak.com
www.vopak.com