NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
VOLUME XXV TENTH MEMOIR

BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR
OF

HARRY BATEMAN
1882-1946
BY

F. D. MURNAGHAN
(Reprinted from the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 88-103)

PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE AUTUMN MEETING. 1948

 HARRY BATEMAN
1882-1946
BY F. D. MURNAGHAN

Harry Bateman was born in Manchester, England, May 29, 1882.

He was the third and youngest child of Samuel and Marnie Elizabeth
(Bond) Bateman. His father, who was born in Congleton, Cheshire,
was a druggist and commercial traveler. His mother was born in New
York City in 1853 (her father, who came from Lancaster, having
been a planter in the West Indies and America). He lived from 1884
to 1890 in Oldham, Lancashire, and his early education was received
at home since, as he records, his mother did not wish him to acquire
the Lancashire accent. He recounts two incidents of these early years
in a manner which conveys some impression of the quiet, dry humor
which was characteristic of him in later life. In order not to spoil
this impression we use his own words: "One day a Mr. Pullinger, to
whom my father had been apprenticed, was visiting us. As a result
of some questions he had put to me he recommended me to study
mathematics. I was quite impressed but my memory played me a
trick when a lady asked me a few days later what I was going to study.
My reply was that I was going to study acrobatics. She then asked me
where I was going to perform and I was at a loss for an answer. Since
I have learned recently that Dr. Thomas Young was an expert tight
rope walker and harlequin my mistake does not seem so bad after all."
The second story of his early days runs as follows: "Perhaps my love
for the exact sciences dates from the day when I went with my sister
to the home of one of her girl friends. The father of this girl was very
stout and when I met him I gazed at him in astonishment and finally
spoke thus: 'Mr. Booth, the next time I come to see you I am going to
bring with me mother's inch tape and measure you. I think your
waist line is about two yards.' 'No, Harry,' replied the good humoured
Mr. Booth, 'it's nearly three'." From 1891 to 1900 he attended Board
School and Grammar School in Manchester. He held Manchester
City Council and Langworthy Scholarships at the Grammar School
where he specialized in mathematics and ended by winning a Derby
Scholarship and sizarship at Trinity College, Cambridge. When he
was at Board School, and not yet twelve years old, a teacher named
Arthur Gr'onowsky offered a prize of one shilling to the boy who was
first able to demonstrate the first twelve propositions in the first book
of Euclid. A shilling seemed a lot in those days to young Bateman,
and he set to work to win the prize. They had good teachers then in
Manchester (and, doubtless, still have) and this small piece of bread

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 NATIONAL ACADEMY Bl OGRA I'll ICAI. MEMOIRS VOL. XXV

cast on the waters by one of them certainly brought returns.

At Trinity College Bateman won a major scholarship in 1902 and
took his B.A. in 1903, being bracketed Senior Wrangler with P. E.
Marrack. He was Smith's Prizeman and won a fellowship in 1905 and
took his M.A. in 1906. He worked very hard during his last year
(1904-1905) at Cambridge for, in addition to his dissertations for the
Smith's Prize and fellowship, he marked papers for the Briggs Cor-
respondence School and coached for the Mathematical Tripos. After
winning his fellowship he studied for a year on the continent, visiting
Gottingen and Paris. In 1906 he was appointed Lecturer in Mathe-
matics at Liverpool University. Before taking up this appointment he
visited Professor Carey who was head of the department of mathe-
matics at Liverpool, and he recounts that Carey's boys "besieged me
with questions." At night one of them said to his father, "You told
us that Mr. Bateman was a Senior Angler but he doesn't seem to
know anything about fishing."
After one year at Liverpool Bateman was appointed Reader in
Mathematical Physics at Manchester University. In 1910 he was ap-
pointed Lecturer in Mathematics at Bryn Mawr College where
Charlotte Angas Scott, another English mathematician, was head of
the department of mathematics. He spent only two years at Bryn
Mawr and we can only surmise that he was not particularly successful
as a teacher of young ladies or that he did not find the work particu-
larly congenial. In 1912 he received an appointment as Johnston
Scholar at Johns Hopkins University where Frank Morley, an old
Cambridge mathematician, was head of the department of mathe-
matics. The Johnston Scholarship in those days at Hopkins was a
research scholarship, and the holder could give a seminar if he felt
like doing so and if there were any students who felt like taking the
course. Bateman had married in the summer of 1912 Ethel Horner
Dodd and a son was born in 1914. The death of this son in 1917 was
a blow which left its mark but which was borne with a courage which
revealed the inner strength of the man. The Batemans later adopted
a daughter Joan, who prepared the list of publications at the end of
this memoir.
Bateman spent five years at Hopkins, holding the Johnston
Scholarship for three years and being Lecturer in Mathematics for
the two year period 1915-1917. In order to add to the small income
from his scholarship and, later, his lectureship, he taught at the
Bureau of Standards and at Mount Saint Agnes College and reviewed
papers for the Weather Bureau; he also spent the summer of 1915 in
Washington working for the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism.
242
 HARRY BATEMAN MURXAGHAX

In 1917 he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, Theoretical

Physics and Aeronautics at Throop College (now the California
Institute of Technology), Pasadena, California. He held this position
until his sudden death from coronary thrombosis on January 21,
1946, while on the train to New York to receive an award from the
Institute of Aeronautical Sciences.
Bateman's distinction as a mathematical physicist was widely
recognized. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society (1928), a member
of the National Academy of Sciences (1930) and of the American
Philosophical Society (1924). He was vice president of the American
Mathematical Society (1935) and Gibbs' Lecturer of the Society
(1943). The last years of his life were devoted mainly to work con-
nected with the war; he was a member of the War Preparedness Com-
mittee of the American Mathematical Society and chief consultant
in aeronautics for the American Mathematical Society and the
Mathematical Association of America.
The writer of this memoir was first brought into contact with
Harry Bateman under the following circumstances. In 1914 I was
awarded a Traveling Studentship in Mathematical Physics by the
National University of Ireland and was looking about for some place
to study. My professor, A. W. Conway, told me that there was a
young man, Bateman, at Hopkins and that he thought that I could
not do better than study with him. I followed this advice and, looking
back over a third of a century, I judge the advice to have been
sound. Bateman, a frail slight man of 32, was lecturing on The
Absolute Calculus and Electrodynamics (remember that this was
1914 and that four years or more had to elapse before most of us in
this country heard of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity). As I
recall the situation, six students started the course and by March I
was, if my memory is correct, the only student. I do not think that
this diminution of the size of his class bothered the lecturer very
much, and I have sometimes thought that if the vicissitudes of stu-
dent life had prevented my attendance, the lecture would have been
none-the-less delivered. By common standards he was not (in those
early days) a good lecturer. He was too detached, too objective and
perhaps too scornful of histrionic effects, and we were too untrained
to profit as much as we should have from the instruction he gave us.
As time went on the scene changed and he must have changed with it
for I have heard enthusiastic reports of his lectures from students
who took courses under him in the late twenties and thirties at the
California Institute of Technology. As I think back over my two
years of association (1914-1916) with him I remember well a feeling
2-43
 NATIONAL ACADEMY BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOL. XXV

of amazement, mingled with discouragement, which came over me

when I discovered the thoroughness of the man. He already possessed
a large, carefully indexed card-catalogue on each card of which was
written in his minute, but beautifully clear, handwriting an abstract
of a paper which he had read. I am told that in later years this card-
catalogue crowded him out of his office and almost out of his home.
No wonder, then, that his books and papers bristle with references
which are a veritable mine of useful source material. His memory was
phenomenal. No matter what stubborn integral or intractable dif-
ferential equation you showed him, a moment's thought and a refer-
ence to the card catalogue never failed to produce something useful.
General theories did not seem to have for him the same attraction as
the special instance; the only exception to this was his devotion,
which marked him as a true disciple of Hamilton, to the variational
principle. As a master of the special instance I have not met his
equal, nor one who approached him, and I do not think that we shall
see his like again.
Bateman's best work centered around the development of the
properties of special functions and the solution of the equations of
mathematical physics. His first book, Mathematical analysis of elec-
trical and optical wave motion, is unique and characteristic of the
man. Into less than 160 small pages is crowded a wealth of informa-
tion which would take an expert years to digest. Some of the material
in this book may be found in expanded form in his monumental
work, Partial differential equations of mathematical physics, published
by the Cambridge University Press in 1932 and republished with
minor additions by the Dover Press in 1944. This book has already
taken its place beside Lamb's Hydrodynamics and Love's Elasticity
as one of the classics which are part of the equipment of every worker
in applied mathematics. Amongst the many results involving the
functions of special importance in mathematical physics which are
due to Bateman we select for special mention the formula
[ <f< J (z)

/„(/)/»(« - 0 — = * ' ' * GO > °> *W > ~ 1

(7(0 being the familiar Bessel function of the first kind). This result
is treated fully in Watson's book on Bessel functions and has been
discussed by L. J. Mordell (J. London Math. Soc. vol. 5, pp. 203-208).
In the early years of the present century, when Bateman was a stu-
dent at Cambridge, the theory of integral equations dominated the
mathematical scene. Fredholm's epoch making paper (Acta Math.,
vol. 27) appeared in 1903 and Hilbert was actively developing the
244
 HARRY BATEMAN MURNAGHAN

subject at Gottingen when Bateman visited there in 1906. It was

natural, then, that this new field of mathematical research should
have occupied the attention of the young analyst. Papers 15, 19, 21,
22, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 42 of the bibliography below contain sub-
stantial contributions to the subject and the Report (1) to the
British Association for the Advancement of Science is a valuable
account of the theory as it stood in 1910. In the paper (39) Bateman
applied (independently of Herglotz, who had the same idea) integral
equation theory to the propagation of earthquake waves through the
interior of the earth. He showed how to determine, from a knowledge
of the time taken by an earthquake wave to reach various points on
the surface of the earth, the velocity of propagation of the wave at
various points in the interior of the earth. The full importance of this
result has not yet, in our opinion, been sufficiently exploited. The
velocity of propagation tells us the ratio of the appropriate elastic
constant to the density. If we know this for both types of waves,
longitudinal and transverse, we can determine how the density varies
with the pressure. Knowing this we can set up differential equations
whose solutions tell us the density and pressure throughout the
interior of the earth as functions of the distance from the center. It
should then be possible, from a knowledge of the variation of com-
pressibility with temperature, to estimate the variation of tempera-
ture throughout the earth's interior.
The field in which Bateman stood preeminent was that of electro-
dynamics. In 1908 Hargreaves published in volume 21 of the Trans-
actions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society a paper in which he
showed that Maxwell's differential equations were merely the expres-
sion in differential or local form of relations between integrals over
two-dimensional and three-dimensional spreads in four-dimensional
space-time. Every electrical engineer knows that the relation
div B = 0 {B = magnetic induction) is merely the differential, or local,
form of statement of the fact that, in magnetostatics, the flux of
magnetic induction through any closed surface is zero. This integral
or global statement is much closer to the physics of the matter than
the local statement div 5 = 0. For non-static phenomena Maxwell's
equations
dB
= c curl E; div B = 0
dt
are merely the local form of the global statement that the flux of the
magnetic induction-electric intensity tensor across any closed two-
dimensional spread in four-dimensional space is zero. In the paper
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 NATIONAL ACADEMY BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS—VOL. XXV

(50) Bateman exploited fully this idea and showed that the group of
transformations under which Maxwell's electrodynamic equations
are invariant is the group of conformal transformations of four-
dimensional space-time. The fundamental significance of this paper
from the point of view of relativity theory was not generally recog-
nized but Klein, in his Vorlesungen iiber die Entwicklung der Mathe-
matik im 19. Jahrhundert, vol. 2, 1927, directs attention to this sig-
nificant and pioneer work of Bateman.
This brings us to the end of the first stage of Bateman's career. In
1912 he was thirty years old, had published some 64 papers and had
been two years in America. He was preparing to accept Morley's
offer of a Johnston Scholarship at Hopkins (roughly equivalent to a
National Research Council fellowship of today). As we look back on
the situation we cannot escape the inevitable Why? Here was a man
of international reputation, pleasant (if self-effacing) personality,
and he had to spend the next five years in a position designed for a
young unmarried Ph.D. of promise or for an established scholar on
leave-of-absence or sabbatical leave. When we think of the "odd-jobs"
he had to do to eke out a subsistence, the reading of papers for the
Weather Bureau, the hot Washington summer at the Bureau of
Standards, the teaching at Mount Saint Agnes and then recall that
during this period he wrote his book on electrical and optical wave-
motion, we can only subscribe to the old Latin tag: Per aspera ad
astra.
The influence of Morley upon Bateman is shown by the publica-
tion of several papers on geometrical topics (66), (67), (68), (72).
His main work, however, during the Hopkins period (1912—1917)
dealt with electromagnetic theory. He was particularly interested in
the lines of electric force due to a moving electron and (following
J. J. Thomson) in the connection between these and the structure of
the aether. During this period he wrote his book on differential
equations. While this book has not generally been found well adapted
to beginning courses in the subject, it well repays study, particularly
by those who are more interested in the applications of differential
equations to mathematical physics than in the applications to dif-
ferential geometry and the theory of functions.
Shortly after his appointment in 1917 to the chair of Mathematics,
Theoretical Physics and Aeronautics at Throop College (now the
California Institute of Technology) Bateman published his first paper
(94) on hydrodynamics, a subject which was to engage a large share of
his attention during the last years of his life. However, most of his
papers published during the decade 1918-1928 deal with electro-
 HARRY BATKM AN M URN AC II AN

magnetic theory. During this period his monograph on electro-

magnetism appeared as Bulletin No. 4 of the National Research
Council (1922). In addition to his papers on electromagnetism he
published a paper (97) containing an interesting application of
integral equation theory to mathematical economics, two papers
(106) and (119) on the numerical solution of integral equations,
several papers (100), (104), (114), (116) on potential theory, papers
(98), (133) and (134) on elasticity, and a paper (128) on geometry.
In 1925 Bateman was appointed a member of a committee on
hydrodynamics of the National Research Council and was assigned
the problem of writing those sections of a report on hydrodynamics
which dealt with viscous fluids and compressible flow. The report ap-
peared in 1932 as Bulletin No. 84 of the National Research Council.
It is a large report of some 634 pages and of these Bateman's part ran
to over 500 pages and is a veritable mine of information and of refer-
ences to all papers of significance prior to 1932. The section on com-
pressible fluids has been widely used and the report has been for
several years out of print. Paper (136) is an important contribution
to the theory of two-dimensional compressible fluid flow. The work
done by Bateman on this subject during the last five years of his life is
not yet available to the public due to secrecy imposed by war
conditions.
Bateman was always interested in the problem of numerical com-
putation. In collaboration with A. A. Bennett and W. E. Milne he
wrote a report on the numerical integration of differential equations
which was published in 1933 as Bulletin No. 92 of the National Re-
search Council. In 1944 he published, in collaboration with R. C.
Archibald, a Guide to tables of Besselfunctions which appeared in the
first volume of the journal: Mathematical Tables and other Aids to
Computation.
His Gibbs Lecture, The control of an elastic fluid, appeared in the
Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 51 (1945) and in
the same year articles by him on dynamics and elasticity appeared in
the Encyclopaedia Britannica. His last paper, appropriately entitled
Some integral equations of potential theory, appeared after his death in
the Journal of Applied Physics vol. 17 (1946). We learn from a note
by Professor E. T. Bell in the Quarterly of Applied Mathematics
vol. 4 (1946) that he was engaged, in the time he could snatch from
his war work, on "what he regarded as his most useful contributions
to mathematical scholarship: an exhaustive work on definite integrals,
and a critical census of all the special functions that have been con-
sidered in mathematics." It is pleasant to know that the California

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 NATIONAL ACADEMY BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOL. XXV

Institute of Technology has invited Professor Erdelyi to prepare

these works for publication.
This notice fails to convey an adequate impression of the per-
sonality of the great scientist and scholar who was lost to the world
in the passing of Harry Bateman. Modest, reserved, cultured and self-
effacing he was, in its true sense, a gentle man. He was very English
and he must have long looked back over his shoulder, before becom-
ing, in 1927, a citizen of the new exuberant country in which he
spent more than half his life, to the quiet England of Victoria and
Edward VII. He was an expert chess player and participated, when
eighteen years of age, in a chess tournament between England and
America. We profit from his labors and are the better for his having
lived amongst us.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. BOOKS
1. The mathematical analysis of electrical and optical wave motion on the basis of
Maxwell's equations, Cambridge University Press, 1915, 6 + 159 pp.
2. Differential equations, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1918, 11+306 pp.
3. Partial differential equations of mathematical physics, Cambridge University
Press, 1932, 22+522 pp.; Dover Publications, 1944, 21+522 pp.
II. REPORTS
1. Report on the history and present state of the theory of integral equations, British
Association for the Advancement of Science vol. 80 (1910) pp. 345-424.
2. Equations for the description of electromagnetic phenomena, Bulletin of the Na-
tional Research Council, no. 4, 1922, pp. 96-161.
3. Hydrodynamics. Bulletin of the National Research Council, No. 84, 1932, pp.
89-579, 590-601.
4. Numerical integration of differential equations, Bulletin of the National Research
Council, no. 92, 1933, pp. 1-108.

III. ARTICLES
Dynamics, elasticity, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1945.
IV. PAPERS
1. Question 14943, Educational Times (2) vol. 1 (1902) pp. 98-100.
2. Question 15119, Educational Times (2) vol. 3 (1903) pp. 110-111.
3. Question 15221, Educational Times (2) vol. 4 (1903) p. 88.
4. The determination of curves satisfying given conditions, Proc. Cambridge Philos.
Soc. vol. 12 (1903) pp. 163-171.
5. Question 15440, Educational Times (2) vol. 6 (1904) p. 68.
6. Question 15388, Educational Times (2) vol. 5 (1904) pp. 105-106.
7. The solution of partial differential equations by means of definite integrals, Proc.
London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 1 (1904) pp. 451-458.
8. Certain definite integrals and expansions connected with the Legendre and Bessel

248
 HARRY BATEMAN MURNAGHAN

functions, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 33 (1904) pp. 182-188.

9. A generalization of the Legendre polynomial, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 3
(1905) pp. 111-123.
10. The Weddle quartic surface, Proc. London Math. Soc: (2) vol. 3 (190S) pp. 225-
238.
11. The correspondence of Brook Taylor, Bibliotheca Mathematica (3) vol. 7 (1906)
pp. 367-371.
12. Note on the solution of linear differential equations by means of definite integrals,
Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 35 (1906) pp. 140-141.
13. The theory of integral equations, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 4 (1906) pp.
90-115.
14. On the inversion of a definite integral, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 4 (1906)
pp. 461-498.
15. Sur Vequation de Fredholm, Bull. Sci. Math. (2) vol. 30 (1906) pp. 264-270.
16. A class of integral equations, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 20 (1906) pp.
233-252.
17. A type of hyperelliptic curve and the transformations connected with it, Quart.
J. Math. vol. 37 (1906) pp. 277-286.
18. On an expansion of an arbitrary function in a series of Bessel functions, Messen-
ger of Mathematics (2) vol. 36 (1906) pp. 31-37.
19. On definite functions, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 37 (1907) pp. 91—95.
20. The inversion of a definite integral, Math. Ann. vol. 63 (1907) pp. 525-548.
21. The application of integral equations to the determination of expansions in series
of oscillating functions, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 20 (1907) pp. 281-290.
22. The reality of the roots of certain transcendental equations occurring in the theory
of integral equations, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 20 (1907) pp. 371-382.
23. (H. B. and D. M. Y. Sommerville). Question 16009, Educational Times (2)
vol. 11 (1907) pp. 57-61.
24. Some geometrical theorems occurring in hydrostatics, Messenger of Mathematics
vol.37 (1907) pp. 119-123.
25. A formula for the solving function of a certain integral equation of the second
kind, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 37 (1908) pp. 179-187.
26. Notes on integral equations. I. The integral equation of the first kind, Messenger
of Mathematics (2) vol. 38 (1908) pp. 8-13.
27. Notes on integral equations. II. The method of hast squares, Messenger of
Mathematics (2) vol. 38 (1908) pp. 70-76.
28. On the application of integral equations to the determination of upper and lower
limits to the value of a double integral, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 21 (1908) pp.
123-128.
29. On essentially positive double integrals and the part which they play in the theory
of integral equations, British Association Reports (Leicester) vol. 77 (1908) pp. 447-
449.
30. Question 16090, Educational Times (2) vol. 13 (1908) pp. 72-74, 91.
31. The tangent plane which can be drawn to an algebraic surface from a multiple
line, Archiv der Mathematik und Physik (3) vol. 13 (1908) pp. 48-51.
32. A method of calculating the number of degrees of freedom of a molecule among
which the partition of energy is governed by the principal temperature, Memoirs and
Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society vol. 53 (1908) pp.
1-9.
33. The solution of linear differential equations by means of definite integrals, Trans.
Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 21 (1909) pp. 171-196.
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 NATIONAL ACADKMY BIOGRAPHICAL Ml-MOIHS VOL. XXV

34. Notes on integral equations. I I I . The homogeneous integral equation of the first
kind, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 39 (1909) pp. 6-19.
35. The conformal transformations of a space of four dimensions and their applica-
tions to geometric optics, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 7 (1909) pp. 70-89; British
Association Reports (Dublin) vol. 78 (1909) pp. 627-629.
36. The reflexion of light at an ideal plane mirror moving with a uniform velocity of
translation, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 18 (1909) pp. 890-895.
37. The solution of a system of differential equations occurring in the theory of radio-
active transformations, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 15 (1910) pp. 423-427.
38. The linear difference equation of the third order and a generalisation of a continued
fraction, Quart. J. Math. vol. 41 (1910) pp. 302-308.
39. The solution of the integral equation connecting the velocity of propagation of an
earthquake-wave in the interior of the earth with the times which the disturbance takes to
travel to the different stations on the earth's surface, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 19
(1910) pp. 576-587; Physikalische Zeitschrift vol. 11 (1910) pp. 96-99.
40. Notes on integral equations. IV. The expansion theorems and the integral equation
of the first kind, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 39 (1910) pp. 129-135.
41. Notes on integral equations. V. Integral equations with variable limits, Messenger
of Mathematics (2) vol. 39 (1910) pp. 173-178.
42. Notes on integral equations. VI. The homogeneous integral equation of the first
kind, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 39 (1910) pp. 182-191.
43. The determination of solutions of the equation of wave motion involving an
arbitrary function of three variables which satisfies a partial differential equation, Trans.
Cambridge Philos. Soc. vol. 21 (1910) pp. 257-280.
44. Question 16215, Educational Times (2) vol. 18 (1910) pp. 86-87.
45. A system of circles derived from a cubic space curve and the properties of a cer-
tain configuration of fifteen lines, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 40 (1910) pp. 81—
87.
46. Rummer's quartic surface as a wave surface, Ptoc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol.
8 (1910) pp. 375-382.
47. The physical aspect of time, Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester
Literary and Philosophical Society vol. 54 (1910) 13 pp.
48. Correction to Mr. H. Bateman's paper on the reflexion of light at an ideal plane
mirror moving with uniform velocity of translation, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 19
(1910) p. 824.
49. Elemenlare elektronensysteme (Elementary systems of electrons), Physikalische
Zeitschrift vol. 11 (1910) pp. 318-320.
50. The transformation of the electrodynamical equations, Proc. London Math. Soc.
(2) vol. 8 (1910) pp. 223-264.
51. The transformation of coordinates which can be used to transform one physical
problem into another, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 8 (1910) pp. 469-488.
52.^ The relation between electromagnetism and geometry, Philosophical Magazine
(6) vol. 20 (1910) pp. 623-628.
53. On the probability distribution of a-particles, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 20
(1910) pp. 704-707.
54. Notes on integral equations. VII. The solution of partial differential equations
by means of definite integrals, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 41 (1911) pp. 94—101.
55. The foci of a circle in space and some geometrical theorems connected therewith,
British Association Reports (Sheffield) vol. 80 (1911) pp. 532-533
56. Some problems in the theory of probability, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 21
(1911) pp. 745-752.
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 HARRY BATEM AN M l.'KNAGI-l AN

57. The transformation of a particular type of electromagneticfieldand its physical

interpretation, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 10 (1911) pp. 7-14.
58. On certain vectors associated with an electromagneticfieldand the reflection of a
disturbance at the surface of a perfect conductor, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 10
(1911) pp. 96-115.
59. The fundamental equations of the theory of electrons and the infinitesimal trans-
formation of an electromagneticfieldinto itself, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 17 (1911) p.
525.
60. On a set of kernels whose determinants form a Sturmian sequence, Bull. Amer.
Math. Soc. vol. 18 (1912) pp. 179-182.
61. Notes on integral equations. VIII. Some simple definite integrals derived from the
formulae of Fourier and Abel, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 41 (1912) pp. 180-
184.
62. Some geometrical theorems connected with Laplace's equation and the equation
of wav^ motion, Amer. J. Math. vol. 34 (1912) pp. 325-360.
63. A new type of solution of Laplace's equation, Ann. of Math. (2) vol. 14 (1912)
pp. 51-56.
64. Some equations of mixed differences occurring in the theory of probability and the
related expansions in series of BesseVs functions, Proceedings of the Fifth International
Congress of Mathematicians, vol. 1, 1913, pp. 291—294.
65. Sonin's polynomials and their relation to other functions, Bull. Amer. Math.
Soc. vol. 19 (1913) p. 394.
66. The double tangents of a binodal quartic, Amer. J. Math. vol. 35 (1913) pp. 57-
78.
67. The expression of the equation of the general quartic curve in the form A/xx'
+B/yy' + C/zz' = 0, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 19 (1913) p. 19.
68. The degenerate cases of Hierholzer's octavic surface, Johns Hopkins University
Circular vol. 7 (1913) pp. 42-46.
69. Corpuscular radiation, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 26 (1913) pp. 579-585.
70. A new type of solution of Maxwell's equations, Ann. of Math. (2) vol. 15 (1914)
pp. 106-111.
71. A general result in the theory of partial differential equations, Messenger of
Mathematics (2) vol. 43 (1914) pp. 164-171.
72. The quartic curve and its inscribed configurations, Amer. J. Math. vol. 36 (1914) ,
pp. 357-386.
73. The classification of electromagneticfields,Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 27
(1914) pp. 136-147.
74. Some recent researches on the motion of fluids, Monthly Weather Review vol. 43
(1915) pp. 163-170.
75. On a porism connected with the theory of Maxwell's equations and a method of
obtaining the lines of electric force due to a moving point charge, Amer. J. Math. vol. 37
(1915) pp. 192-194.
76. On systems of partial differential equations and the transformation of spherical
harmonics, Proceedings of the Edinburgh Royal Society vol. 36 (1915) pp. 300-312.
77. On certain solutions of Maxwell's equations, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol.
45 (1915) pp. 1-11.
78. Time and electromagnetism, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 45 (1915) pp.
97-115.
79. The structure of the aether, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 21 (1915) pp. 299-
309.
80. On multiple electromagneticfields,Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 22 (1916) p. 377.
251
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81. A certain system of linear partial differential equations. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.
vol. 22 (1916) pp. 329-335.
82. On the relation of the theory of integral equations to the subject of the calculus of
operations and functions, Science Progress vol. 11 (1917) pp. 508-512.
83. Some fundamental concepts of electrical theory, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol.
34 (1917) pp. 405-423.
84. On the motion of continuous distributions of electricity, Messenger of Mathe-
matics (2) vol. 46 (1917) pp. 136-145.
85. Doppler's principle for a windy atmosphere. Monthly Weather Review vol. 45
(1917) pp. 441-442.
86. Some differential equations occurring in the electrical theory of radiation, Mes-
senger of Mathematics (2) vol. 47 (1918) pp. 161-173.
87. On a solution of the wave-equation, Tohoku Math. J. vol. 13 (1918) pp. 205-209.
88. The electromagnetic vectors, Physical Review (2) vol. 12 (1918) pp. 459-481.
89. Mathematical theory of sound ranging, Monthly Weather Review vol. 46
(1918) pp. 4-11.
90. The structure of an electromagnetic field, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. vol. 4
(1918) pp. 140-145.
91. The solution of the wave equation by means of definite integrals, Bull. Amer.
Math. Soc. vol. 24 (1918) pp. 296-301.
92. The nature of a moving electric charge and its lines of electric force, Proc. London
Math. Soc. (2) vol. 18 (1919) pp. 95-135.
93. On general relativity, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 37 (1919) pp. 219-223.
94. Rotating cylinders and rectilinear vortices, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 25
(1919) pp. 358-374.
95. Radiation from a moving magneton, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 5 (1919)
pp. 367-371; Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 48 (1919) pp. 56-76.
96. On a differential equation occurring in Page's theory of electromagnetism, Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. vol. 6 (1920) pp. 528-529.
97. An integral equation occurring in a mathematical theory of retail trade, Mes-
senger of Mathematics (2) vol. 49 (1920) pp. 134-137.
98. A differential equation occurring in the theory of the propagation of waves,
Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 50 (1920) pp. 95-101.
99. Notes on electrical theory, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 27 (1921) pp. 217-225.
100. Correspondences between three-dimensional and four-dimensional potential
problems, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 51 (1921) pp. 151-160.
101. Electricity and gravitation, Physical Review (2) vol. 17 (1921) pp. 64-69.
102. An electromagnetic theory of radiation, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 41
(1921) pp. 107-113.
103. On lines of electric induction and the conformal transformations of a space of
four dimensions, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 21 (1922) pp. 256-270.
104. Some problems in potential theory, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 52
(1922) pp. 71-78.
105. The stress-energy tensor in electromagnetic theory and a new law of force,
Physical Review (2) vol. 20 (1922) pp. 243-248.
106. On the numerical solution of linear integral equations, Proc. Roy. Soc. London
Ser. A vol. 100 (1922) pp. 441-449.
107. Electromagnetism and dynamics, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 52 (1922)
pp. 116-128.
108. On the conformal transformations of a space of four dimensions and lines of
electric force, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) vol. 20 (1922) pp. v-vi.

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109. Electron in uniform motion, Science vol. 57 (1923) pp. 238-240.

110. On the radiation of electric dipoles, Proc. London Math. Soc. Records, Novem-
ber, 1923.
111. An electromagnetic theory of light-darts, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 29 (1923)
pp. 385-393.
112. On the theory of light-quanta, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol. 46 (1923) pp.
977-991.
113. (H. B. and P. Ehrenfest). The derivation of electromagnetic fields from a basic
wave-function, Proc, Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 10 (1924) pp. 369-374.
114. Derivation of three-dimensional potentials from four-dimensional potentials,
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 30 (1924) p. 15.
115. The form of an isolated electric particle, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 53
(1924) pp. 145-152.
116. On some solutions of Laplace's equation, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol.
54 (1924) pp. 28-32.
117. The field of an electron at rest and in uniform motion, Philosophical Magazine
(6) vol. 49 (1925) pp. 1-18.
118. An extension of Lagrange's expansion, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 31 (19-25)
p. 386; Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 28 (1926) pp. 346-356.
119. Numerical solution of an integral equation, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 31
(1925) p. 111.
120. On the occasional need of very accurate logarithms, Amer. Math. Monthly
vol. 32 (1925) p. 249.
121. The stability of electrons and protons, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 54
(1925) pp. 142-149.
122. Theory of the condenser in a new electrostatics, Philosophical Magazine (6) vol.
49 (1925) pp. 1-22.
123. Local electromagnetic fields, Proceedings af the Edinburgh Mathematical
Society, vol. 44 (1926) pp. 85-89.
124. Algebraic and transcendental equations connected with the form of stream lines,
Amer. J. Math. vol. 48 (1926) pp. 277-297.
125. A possible connection between the wave-theory of matter and electromagnetism,
Nature vol. 118 (1926) pp. 839-840.
126. An expression for the energy in a new electrostatics, Messenger of Mathematics
(2) vol. 55 (1926) pp. 161-168.
127. The radiation of energy and angular momentum, Physical Review (2) vol. 27
(1926) pp. 606-617.
128. A cubic curve connected with two triangles, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 33
(1927) pp. 45-50.
129. Lagrangian functions and Schroedinger's rule, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
vol. 13 (1927) pp. 326-330.
130. A modification of Gordon s equations, Physical Review (2) vol. 30 (1927) pp.
55-60.
131. The symmetry of the stress-tensor obtained by Schroedinger's rule, Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 13 (1927) pp. 771-774.
132. Some remarks on the wave-theory of matter, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol.
57 (1927) pp. 7-12.
133. The equation for the transverse vibrations of thin rods, Messenger of Mathe-
matics (2) vol. 57 (1928) pp. 145-154.
134. Transverse seismic waves on the surface of a semi-infinite solid composed of
heterogeneous materials, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 34 (1928) pp. 343-348.

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135. Interpolation for airfoils, Messenger of Mathematics (2) vol. 57 (1928) pp.
187-192.
136. Notes on a differential equation which occurs in the two-dimensional motion of
a compressible fluid and the associated variational problems, Proc. Roy. Soc. London
Ser. A vol. 125 (1929) pp. 598-618.
137. Some properties of spherical harmonics, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 36 (1930)
pp. 306-314.
138. Variableflowin pipes, Physical Review (2) vol. 35 (1930) pp. 177-183.
139. Physical problems with discontinuous initial conditions, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. vol. 16 (1930) pp. 205-211.
140. A solution of the wave-equation, Ann. of Math. (2) vol. 31 (1930) pp. 158—
162.
141. Irrotational motion of a compressible inviscid fluid, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. vol. 16 (1930) pp. 816-825.
142. Solutions of a certain partial differential equation, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
vol. 17 (1931) pp. 562-567.
143. On dissipative systems and related variational principles, Physical Review (2)
vol. 38 (1931) pp. 815-819.
144. Lagrange's compound pendulum, Amer. Math. Monthly vol. 38 (1931) pp.
1-8.
145. Sound rays as extremals, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America vol. 2
(1931) pp. 468-475.
146. Relations between confluent hypergeometric functions, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. vol. 17 (1931) pp. 689-690.
147. The k-function, a particular case of the confluent hypergeometric function,
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 33 (1931) pp. 817-831.
148. Some applications of Murphy's theorem, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 39 (1933)
pp. 118-123.
149. Logarithmic solutions of Bianchi's equation, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol.
19 (1933) pp. 852-854.
150. Variational principles in electromagnetism, Physical Review (2) vol. 43 (1933)
pp. 481-484.
151. Schroedinger's rule and hydrodynamics, Physical Review (2) vol. 43 (1933)
pp. 363.
152. Some properties of a certain set of polynomials, Tohoku Math J. vol. 37 (1933)
pp. 23-38.
153. Functions orthogonal in the Hermitian sense. A new application of basic num-
bers, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 20 (1934) pp. 63-66.
154. Sidelights on electromagnetic theory, Physical Review (2) vol. 45 (1934) pp.
721-723.
155. The polynomial F,,(x), Ann. of Math. (2) vol. 35 (1934) pp. 767-775.
156. Selective functions and operations, Amer. Math.. Monthly vol. 41 (1934) pp.
556-562.
157. Operational equations, National Mathematics Magazine vol. 9 (1935) pp.
197-201.
158. (H. B. and S. O. Rice). Some expansions associated with Bessel functions,
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 21 (1935) pp. 173-179.
159. A partial differential equation connected with the functions of the parabolic
cylinder, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 41 (1935) pp. 884-893.
160. Functional differential equations and inequalities, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
vol. 21 (1936) pp. 170-172.

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161. Two systems of polynomials for the solution of Laplace's integral equation,
Duke Math. J. vol. 2 (1936) pp. 569-577.
162. Polynomials associated with those of Lerch, Monatshefte fur Mathematik
und Physik vol. 43 (1936) pp. 75-80.
163. Progressive waves of finite amplitude and some steady motions of an elastic fluid,
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 22 (1936) pp. 607-619.
164. The polynomial Fn(x) and its relation to other functions, Ann. of Math. (2)
vol. 38 (1937) pp. 303-310.
165. Coulomb's function, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 24 (1938) pp. 321-325.
166. Rayleigh waves, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 24 (1938) pp. 315-320.
167. The lift and drag functions for an elastic fluid in two dimensional irrotational
flow, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 24 (1938) pp. 246-251.
168. Halley's methods for solving equations, Amer. Math. Monthly vol. 45 (1938)
pp. 11-17.
169. (H. B. and S. O. Rice). Integrals involving Legendre functions, Amer. J. Math.
vol. 60 (1938) pp. 297-308.
170. Spheroidal and bipolar coordinates, Duke Math. J. vol. 4 (1938) pp. 39-50.
171. A partial differential equation associated with Poisson's work on the theory of
sound, Amer. J. Math. vol. 60 (1938) pp. 293-296.
172. Paraboloidal coordinates, Philosophical Magazine (7) vol. 26 (1938) pp. 1063-
1068.
173. The transformation of a Lagrangian series into a Newtonian series, Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 25 (1939) pp. 262-265.
174. The aerodynamics of reacting substances, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 25
(1939) pp. 388-391.
175. On some symmetrical potentials and the partial differential equation V,,XI
+ V.,vv+V,, = 0, Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik vol. 48 (1939) pp. 322-
328.
176. The solution of harmonic equations by means of definite integrals, Bull. Amer.
Math. Soc. vol. 46 (1940) pp. 538-542.
177. The polynomial of Mitlag-Leffler, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 26 (1940)
pp. 491^196.
178. Some definite integrals occurring in aerodynamics, Applied Mechanics, Theo-
dore von Karman Anniversary Volume, California Institute of Technology, 1941, pp.
1-7.
179. The resistance of ships, National Mathematics Magazine vol. 16 (1941) pp.
79-88.
180. The form of a ship, National Mathematics Magazine vol. 16 (1941) pp. 141 —
149.
181. An orthogonal property of the hypergeometric polynomial, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
U.S.A. vol. 28 (1942) pp. 374-377.
182. Some asymptotic relations, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 28 (1942) pp. 371-
374.
183. The influence of tidal theory upon the development of mathematics, National
Mathematics Magazine vol. 18 (1943) pp. 14-26.
184. Some simple differential difference equations and the related functions, Bull.
Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 49 (1943) pp. 494-512.
185. Note on the function F{a, b; c — n; z), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 30
(1944) pp. 28-30.
186. The transformation of partial differential equations, Quarterly of Applied
Mathematics vol. 1 (1944) pp. 281-296.
 NATIONAL ACADEMY RIOGRAPH K" AI. MEMOIRS VOL. XXV

187. (H. B. and R. C. Archibald). A guide to tables of Bessel functions, Mathemati-

cal Tables and Other Aids to Computation vol. 1 (1944) pp. 205-308.
188. Some integral relations, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 50 (1944) pp. 745-749.
189. Hamilton's work in dynamics and its influence on modern thought. Scripts
Mathematica vol. 10 (1944) pp. 51-63.
190. Two integral equations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. vol. 31 (1945) pp. 196-
200.
191. The control of an elastic fluid, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 51 (1945) pp. 601-
646.
192. The derivation of Eider's equations from a variationnl principle, Rovista de
Cicncias vol. 47 (1945) pp. 111-117.
193. (H. H. and C. L. Pckeris). Transmission of light from a point source in a medi-
um bounded by diffusely reflecting parallel plane surfaces, Journal of the Optical Soci-
ety of America vol. 35 (1945) pp. 651-657.
194. Some integral equations of potential theory, Journal of Applied Physics vol. 17
(1946) pp. 91-102.
Note: In a note, No. 88, Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation
vol. 3 (1948) pp. 141-142, R. C. A(rchibald) calls attention to some errors and
omissions in Miss Bateman's bibliography. These have to do with problems pro-
posed or solved in The Educational Times.

F . D . MURNAGHAN

256