Corrections
- is typically carried out by government agencies and involves the punishment, treatment,
and
supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.
Penology - The study of the punishment of crime and prison management.Is a section
of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice to repress criminal activities via
an appropriate treatment and supervision of persons convicted of criminal offenses.
Punishment - is the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an
offense."The penalty inflicted".
Prison reform - is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons and aiming a a more
effective penal system.
Prison - is a place in which people are physically confined and usually deprived of a range
of personal freedoms.
Jail - is a short term detention facility.
Halfway house - also called recovery house or sober house - is a place to allow people to
begin the process of reintegration with society while still providing monitoring and support;
this is generally believed to reduce the risk of recidivism or relapse when compared to
a release directly into society.
Rehabilitation - it came from latin word "habilis" literally fit or suitable. Its meaning was
expanded to mean "restore to sound operation" or "to establish the good reputation".
Solitary confinement - is a special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated fro
any human contact, though often with theexception of members of prison staff.
Jail Prison
a place of detention; a a place of long term
place where a person confinement for those
convicted or suspected of a convicted of serious
crime is detained. crimes.
BJMP Bureau of Corrections
DILG DOJ
holds people awaiting trial holds people convicted of
and people sentenced for a crimes;sentenced for a
short duration. longer term.
Zebulon Reed Brockway - regarded as the father of prison reform inthe United States.
Believed that the primary reason to have a prisoner in custody was to rehabilitate and not
simply to punish. Warden at theElmira reformatory from 1876 to 1900. He
introduced the following:
1. a program of education
2. training in useful trades
3. physical activity
4. indeterminate sentence
5. inmate classification
6. incentive program.
Alexander Maconochie - (1787 -1860) - a Scottish naval officer, geographer and penal
reformer. His two basic principle of penology were that:
1. as cruelty debases both the victim and society, punishment should not be vindictive
but should aim at the reform of theconvict to observe social constraints.
2. a convicts imprisonment should consist of task, not time sentences with release
depending on the performance of ameasurable amount of labor.
Modern Form/Method of Punishment
1. Execution - for capital offenses. ex. death by lethal injection
2. Imprisonment/Incarceration
3. Fines
4. Probation and Parole
5. House Arrest - is a measure by which a person is confined bythe authorities to his
or her residence. Travel is usually restricted if allowed at all.
Ancient Form/Method of Punishment
1. shame punishment
2. exile/banishment
3. payment to the victim
4. branding - (Stigmatizing) - is the process by which a mark is burned into the skin of
a living person.
5. flogging - (flagellation) - is the act of methodically beating or whipping the human
body.
6. mutilation - (maiming) - is the act of physical injury that degrades the appearance
or function of any living body usually without causing death.
7. burning
8. beheading
9. torture
* In the Philippines so far, 17 persons were executed
by hanging, 84 persons were executed by electric
chair, 7 persons were executed by lethal injection.
* Majority of inmates confined in national prison did
not finish high school, 6% never went to school or
were illiterate and 3% earned a college degree.
