DC Machines
DC Machines
DC Machines
Solution:
𝐻 𝑊𝑏
ℬ𝑔 = 0.6𝑇 = 𝜇𝑜 𝐻𝑔 ; 𝜇𝑜 = 4𝜋 𝑥 10−7 ; 𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑎 (𝑇) = 2
𝑚 𝑚
0.6 𝐴𝑡
𝐻𝑔 = = 4.78 𝑥105
4𝜋 𝑥10−7 𝑚
2𝑚𝑚 𝑚
ℱ (𝑚𝑚𝑓) − 𝐴𝑡; 𝓕𝒈 = 𝐻𝑔 𝑙𝑔 = (4.78 𝑥 105 ) ( 𝑥 ) = 956 𝐴𝑡
1000 𝑚𝑚
ℬ𝑔 = ℬℓ1 = 0.6 𝑇
𝐴
From Fig. 1 (b) @ 0.6 T, 𝐻ℓ1 = 100 𝑚 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑤𝑜 ℓ1
𝐴 𝑚
𝓕𝓵𝟏 = (100 ) (40 + 40)𝑐𝑚 𝑥 = 80 𝐴𝑡
𝑚 100𝑐𝑚
𝑊𝑏 𝑚
The flux in the air gap, 𝜙𝑔 = ℬ𝑔 𝐴1 = (0.6 2 ) (10𝑐𝑚2 )( )2 = 0.6 𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝑚 100𝑐𝑚
The total flux produces by the coil, 𝜙𝑐 = 𝜙𝑔 + 𝜙𝜄 = 0.6 + 0.01 = 0.61 𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝜙𝑐 0.61𝑥10−3
The flux density in the portion of ℓ2 ; ℬℓ2 = = = 1.22 𝑇
𝐴2 5𝑥10−4
𝐴
From Fig. 1 (b) @ 1.22 T, 𝐻ℓ2 = 410 𝑚; so for ℓ2
𝓕𝓵𝟐 = (410)(0.1) = 41 𝐴𝑡
So the total required mmf ℱ = ℱ𝑔 + ℱℓ1 + ℱℓ2 = 956 + 80 + 41 = 1077 𝐴𝑡
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1077
For 𝑁 = 100 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒, 𝐼 = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝑨 ans.
100
Fig. 2
Solution:
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𝑏) 𝑀𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑠 𝑁2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁3 =
𝑁2 𝜙𝑔 250(100)(4𝜋 𝑥 10−7 )𝐼
𝐿= = = 31.42 𝑚𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
𝐼 𝐼
3. A toroid has a core of square cross section, 2500 𝒎𝒎𝟐 in area, and mean diameter of
250mm. The core material is of relative permeability 1000 (a) Calculate the number of
turns to be wound on the core to obtain an inductance of 1 Henry (b) If the coil thus
wound carries a 1 Amp. What are the values of H and B at the mean radius of the core?
Solution:
ℓ 𝜋𝐷 𝜋(250𝑚𝑚)
a) ℛ = 𝜇𝐴 = 𝜇 = 𝐻 𝑚 = 250,000 𝐻 −1
𝑟 𝜇0 𝐴 1000(4𝜋 𝑋10−7 ) (2500𝑚𝑚2 )( )
𝑚 1000𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝐼 𝑁𝜙 𝑁2𝐼
𝜙= ; 𝐿= ; 𝑠𝑜, 𝐿𝐼 = ; ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑁 = √𝐿ℛ
ℛ 𝐼 ℛ
𝑁 = √(1)(250,000) = 500 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠. 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
𝜙 𝑁𝐼 500(1)
b) ℬ = = 𝐴ℛ = 𝑚2
= 0.8 𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
𝐴 2500𝑚𝑚2 (250,000 𝐻 −1 )( )
10002 𝑚𝑚2
ℬ 0.8 𝐴𝑡
ℬ = 𝜇𝐻; 𝐻 = = −7
= 636.62 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
𝜇𝑟 𝜇0 (1000)(4𝜋𝑥10 ) 𝑚
4. The magnetic circuit of Fig. 3 is made of sheet steel having B-H characteristics shown in
Fig. 4 (b). Calculate the mmf of the coil to establish a 1-Tesla flux density in the air gap.
Fig. 3
Solution:
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𝐴𝑡 𝐴𝑡 𝑚
From Fig 4(b) @ ℬ = 1𝑇, 𝐻 = 200 𝑚 ; 𝓕𝓵𝟏 = (200 𝑚 ) (25 + 25)𝑐𝑚 𝑥 100𝑐𝑚 = 100 𝐴𝑡
𝑤𝑏
1 𝐴𝑡
ℬ = ℬ𝑔 = 1 𝑇 = 𝜇𝑜 𝐻𝑔 ; 𝐻𝑔 = 𝑚2 = 795,774.72
𝐻 𝑚
4𝜋 𝑥10−7 𝑚
𝐴𝑡 1𝑚
𝓕𝒈 = 𝐻𝑔 ℓ𝑔 = (795,774.72 𝑚 ) (1𝑚𝑚) (1000𝑚𝑚) =795.77 At
𝜙𝑔 𝑤𝑏 𝑚2
ℬ𝑔 = ; 𝜙𝑔 = (1 2 ) (25𝑐𝑚2 𝑥 ) = 2.5 𝑚𝑊𝑏
𝐴𝑔 𝑚 1002 𝑐𝑚2
𝜙𝑔 2.5 𝑥 10−3 𝐴𝑡
So, ℬℓ2 = = 1 = 0.25 𝑇 @ 0.25𝑇, 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐹𝑖𝑔. 4(𝑏)𝐻ℓ2 = 60 𝑚
𝐴2 100𝑐𝑚2 𝑋
1002 𝑐𝑚2
𝐴𝑡 𝑚
𝓕𝓵𝟐 = (60 ) (10𝑐𝑚 𝑥 ) = 6 𝐴𝑡
𝑚 100𝑐𝑚
Therefore, the total mmf will be ℱ𝑇 = 100 + 795.77 + 6 = 901.77 𝐴𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
5. A magnetic circuit made of a 5-cm stack of laminations is of the form shown in Fig. 4(a)
The material is steel sheet, having the B-H characteristics of Fig. 4 (b) for a core flux
density of 1 Tesla and a current of 2 Amp in the 500-turn coil. Determine the current in
the 1000-turn coil.
Solution:
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𝐴𝑡
From Fig. 4 (b) @ ℬ = 1𝑇, 𝐻 = 200 𝑚 ; so
𝐴𝑡 𝑚
ℱ = 𝐻ℓ = 200 (4 𝑥 25)𝑐𝑚 𝑥 = 200 𝐴𝑡 = 𝑁1 𝑖1 + 𝑁2 𝑖2
𝑚 100𝑐𝑚
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