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    Matrix

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud Eissa
    ihu

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Matrix

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud Eissa
    39 views19 pages
    ihu

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    ihu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views19 pages

    Matrix

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud Eissa
    ihu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    A matrix, in general sense, represents a collection of

    information stored or arranged in an orderly fashion.


    The mathematical concept of a matrix refers to a set of
    numbers, variables or functions ordered in rows and
    columns.
    Such a set then can be defined as a distinct entity, the matrix,
    and it can be manipulated as a whole according to some
    basic mathematical rules.
    A matrix with 9 elements is shown below.

    Matrix [A] has 3 rows and 3 columns.


    Each element of matrix [A] can be referred to by its row
    and column number.
    For example,
    a23=6
     ORDER OF A MATRIX
    The order of a matrix is defined in terms of its number of
    rows and columns.
    Order of a matrix = No. of rows × No. of columns
    Matrix [A], therefore, is a matrix of order 3 × 3.

     COLUMN MATRIX
    A matrix with only one column is called a
    column matrix or column vector.
     ROW MATRIX

    A matrix with only one row is called a row matrix or


    row vector.
    [3 5 − 6]
     SQUARE MATRIX

    A matrix having the same number of rows and columns


    is called a square matrix.
     RECTANGULAR MATRIX

    A matrix having unequal number of rows and


    columns is called a rectangular matrix.
     UNIT MATRIX

    A square matrix in which all elements of the principal


    diagonal are equal to 1 while all other elements are zero
    is called the unit matrix.
     DIAGONAL MATRIX

    If all elements except the elements of the principal


    diagonal of a square matrix are
    zero, the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
     Equality of Matrices
    Two matrices are equal if all corresponding
    elements are equal.
    [A] = [B] if aij = bij for all i and j
    Two matrices can be added (subtracted) by
    adding (subtracting) the corresponding
    elements of the two matrices.
    [C]= [A]+ [B]= [B]+ [A]
    cij = aij + bij
    Matrices [A], [B] and [C] must have the same
    order.
    If a matrix is multiplied by a scalar k, each
    element of the matrix is multiplied by k.
    Two matrices can be multiplied together
    provided they are compatible with respect to
    their orders. The number of columns in the
    first matrix [A] must be equal to the number
    of rows in the second matrix [B]. The
    resulting matrix [C] will have the same
    number of rows as [A] and the same number
    of columns as [B].
    The transpose [A]T
    of an m×n matrix [A] is
    the n×m matrix obtained by interchanging
    the rows and columns of [A].
     Tri-Diagonal Matrix

    A tri-diagonal matrix is a band matrix that has nonzero


    elements only on the main diagonal, and the first diagonal
    below this, and the first diagonal above the main diagonal.
     Tri-diagonal Matrix Algorithm
     Thomas’ algorithm, also called Tri-Diagonal Matrix
    Algorithm (TDMA) is essentially the result of applying
    Gaussian elimination to the tri-diagonal system of
    equations.
     Generalizing Tri-diagonal Matrix
    Generalizing Tri-diagonal Matrix The Matrix can be
    written as
    −1 + + +1 =
    : 1=0& =0
     Why Thomas Algorithm is used ?

    1-This type of computation is quick.


    2-Tri-diagonal system of equations are most common.
    3-Even most of them convert the general system of
    equations to tri-diagonal system of equations.
    4-It’s importance is clearly visible with a large number
    of unknowns.

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